CA2006579A1 - Cement, method of preparing such cement and method of making products using such cement - Google Patents
Cement, method of preparing such cement and method of making products using such cementInfo
- Publication number
- CA2006579A1 CA2006579A1 CA 2006579 CA2006579A CA2006579A1 CA 2006579 A1 CA2006579 A1 CA 2006579A1 CA 2006579 CA2006579 CA 2006579 CA 2006579 A CA2006579 A CA 2006579A CA 2006579 A1 CA2006579 A1 CA 2006579A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- blast
- sodium silicate
- furnace slag
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
- C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
- C04B7/1535—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators with alkali metal containing activators, e.g. sodium hydroxide or waterglass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
- C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
- C04B7/17—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators with calcium oxide containing activators
- C04B7/19—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/26—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from raw materials containing flue dust, i.e. fly ash
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/23—Acid resistance, e.g. against acid air or rain
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S106/00—Compositions: coating or plastic
- Y10S106/01—Fly ash
Abstract
Cement, method of preparing such cement and method of making products using such cement .
Abstract A cement based on blast-furnace slag and fly ash, characterized in that the cement is a homogeneous dry particulate mixture in ready-to-use from, which comprises blast-furnace slag having a specific surface area of 500-650 m2/kg and fly ash in a weigh ratio in the range of 20/80-60/40, and further comprises the following components in the amounts indicated, calculated on the total mixture: at least 2% by weight of portland cement clinker and 2-12% by weight of sodium silicate (calculated as Na2O + SiO2).
Abstract A cement based on blast-furnace slag and fly ash, characterized in that the cement is a homogeneous dry particulate mixture in ready-to-use from, which comprises blast-furnace slag having a specific surface area of 500-650 m2/kg and fly ash in a weigh ratio in the range of 20/80-60/40, and further comprises the following components in the amounts indicated, calculated on the total mixture: at least 2% by weight of portland cement clinker and 2-12% by weight of sodium silicate (calculated as Na2O + SiO2).
Description
2~6S7~9 C,e~m~r~t., ~nt,th~ f ~ r ' r~q ~-lch cement and me~hnd c:f nl~kln~ prn~i~ict:5 usin~ 7~h c.~m~n l`he in~ention rehl~es Co a t.~ln~nt b.~sed on bl~s~-furnace~
o.lag ~nd ~ly ash.
F].orn "J~urnal ~oc . ~,hell~, Incl. " ~, 191-~02 (1~40) it 1.q l~nc~ n t~ ~ctiv~te ~l~st-t`~ c-- 31a~ with an ~lkallne substanc~ to in~prove i.~ hydL~uliç p.roper.~ies.
Further, "W~rld Cr~ ent Te¢hnolocly" ;llLl~, 2~3-~.~3 (~77) rep~rts on an e~l;ensive study into the u~ o~ ~ement bascd ,^-n ~inely g~ou~d h:Li~st-Surnac~ sla~ and 1y ash in ~hich a 10 soluti~n ~E so~ m hy~;lr~ e i5' u~d a3 ~3n a~iv,~
~ rotn "Si:llcat~s Industrielslt 3, 7g-~,2 ~1983) a 30-~al:lcd F-c~lnent i$ knol"n, whLch yle:lds ~ c:onc~e ~e of low porosity .
'l`he F--~ement ~omprise~.; low l.llne ~.ilicate:s, such as blas~-~l~rn-3ce ~lag an~ ~ly Ish, anc~ .qn F ad~ .lv~ for activa~ing l:h~
15 silicate~3. 'l'he liquid F .~clditive cont.alrl3 an alkalin~
~u~stance as~cl, in a~d:Ltiorl, a l. c~n~ lfzlte ~s Zl di3pcrsin~
~gent, turthf~lr a~diti~ie3, 5u.,h c~1:3 ar,ti-~ c~amin~3 a~nt, may 3Ls~
be pr~3se~t.
From lU-A--31~ 145 i~ ls hnc~4n Co prepare a c~3ment 20 comprLsing a mix'cure ~)f fly zlsh and g~c~Jrld ~last-~urn~ace ~;].ag.
VariouS addit;lves may b~ aclc~ed, SU~ as cammon'Lum sul~t~c, calcium .sulfa~e, and c~ lulm ch:Loride~. Anothcr cld~iti~ is/
portl~ir~d ~ement in Z~ prc~portion of 5-lOli OL an allce~ e 3él Lt;~
for instanCe soclium ciul~at~ o~ .sod1um si.llc;~. Th~ mixtur~i~
25 described in t.l'Le EXC-Lmple ~ lpr l~g~S bl~aSt;~fl.lrnaCé~ 5lag ~and ~ly 7~
~sh in a wei~h~ r~io l;~ ~5~3';, ~nd cont~ins~ in 3dditior~ to o~her adclitiv~s, 1~ o~ por~lc~J~tl eement. This known c~ment is ~laimed t~.) ha~e ~ood st:rength ~e~relopment: char~cterist.ics.
In an ar~lcl¢~ ~y ~ ,C.M~e~hw~rl and ~?.5. ~al:ia entitle,~
"On the Prc~ecis ~evelopm~ c)f SE;' Cem~n~:~" in ~ndi~n C~emic3L
Manllf~,-.ta~r~r, lt~79~ pa~es 3$_3t3, cem~ L ~ .tures are rc:porte~
which c omprise ~o~ind ;}lag an~ ~.I.y ~ih 11l ~ r~tit~ o~ ~)out ~ tO whi~h tln activ.~ i5 ~c1ed. Thcoe k~wn cement:
mixtur~3 do ~10~ c:ont~ vr~land cement clinke~. The 1~ t~CtiVator3 that w~Le t~gted are ~;o~ m hyc1ro::ide, s~dium sili~ate, sod~ m (:c~rbonate, tlnd hydrated lime. Only wil;h 50dium hydroxi~! ooulcl ~ modera~ J;ength develc~pmcnt ~e ac~hieve ii .
We have r,ow ~o~n~l ~ new ~dcly-to-u~ce ~iry or 501 icl cemen1-15 which ~an easil~ be ha~dled, h~ d high ~;~orage ~tabili~J, and, when pro~ec; ;edt yi~lds ~. concr~ at h~ good 3~ren~1-h propertles ~ncl o:E~er~ "~in~r,t. re~lstatn~d to the corro~ive ~:f~ects of an ~c,ld en~ir~:)nmi~n~.
~cordlngly~ ~ ~;e~.nent o~` t.~lr~ ~YE~e~ de~cribed ln the ope~rlln~
ZO line t~eri5inabove~ ls ch~r~:L~r.i~ed, a~ lin~ to the pret~ent inven~ion~ in ~h,~t the ceme~nt; i~ a h~mos~neo~s dry particul~-t.e mixture in ready-to-ucie form, ~hich comp:ri~es bla~t-fu~nace Slag having a 3peçifi~ rfac~e ~,rea uf ~00-650 m2/kg ancl fl~
a~h in a weight ratio in tne range çf 2CI~80-60/40, ~hd further ;~5 compri.siss the ~ llowl.r1g çc~m~r~ents ifl the ~mo~lnt3 indicat~d,.
~alo~ l on th~ tC-t2il ml.~t.l:re.
2~
portland c~ment cllnker at least 2 wt,~
sodiu~ silicate l;¢alcu.l~ d ~s N,!~o ~- Slo~ w~ . ., A Ll sp~cl f ic $~rfa~e ar~d ~al~g yiven herein and in the S appendant olaimc~ have ~e~n d~terlnlr~ y the Bla:~ne method.
E`or the C~m]?ositic~ of thé~ present cement abundan~ly available in~us~;rlal ~;y-~Lvcl~:l¢'~s arl~ wa3t:c ~nater.ial ar. us~ç3, in pc~rticular ~rarl~la1:ed ~la~it-fuLnace s:Lag ~nd pow~ered co.~l ~ly ash, Genera.Lly~ th~re lCi llttle~ lime~ton~ involvc!d~ which r.~nslder~bly sL~s dowr) ~lle e~ha.u~tion o:E thi~ nat~lral substc~nce. MoreoveF, a sub~talltic~l ~moun~ o~ cner~y is ~avecl in thi.S way~ ~i.nce th~e~ proce~slng of llm~stone into portlan~
~em~nt; c!inker, frcm which por~land c:~mel-lt is prepared, t~kes ~ lot Of enerr~y, T~ ,cJiesent ce~lent can ~ st~recl ~or a lon~
15 time c~nd c an re~dily be mixe~ wi..th w~e~. ~nd the conventicn~l aggre~ es to ~orm a cOnCretl~ th~L has ~I good lnitial ~tren,~h and e;~hibi~s a ~avourable str~nc.lLh cleve:Lopmen~. Thc p~-eser,t cement~ is sp~Cii~ ca~ r inten~ed for ~he proclu~tion of concrete ~onst:ructivnes, produc~l:s or parts whl.ch ~re expo~ed to strorl~ly 2C acid environmental condltlon~ ~or lc~ng periods of time~.
E~amples o~ ~su~;h constr~clion~, e~c,, a:re sewage tre~tment.
plant.s, c-ie~age ~,ipes, sil~s ~or C3t~ring feed, oattle ~3hed zlnd pigsty ~l~or:; and elremerltY for ~3~h st~hle floor3, conStr~ion~ ~or manure ~oray.e, et:cs~ Sur~h 3trongly ~cld ~5 environmenta.l concqi~i.orls ~he~e l~he p~ arë~ more anc~ t~or~
of ~ pro~lem tc)day, el~d ~oncrete mh~le fr.rjm the ~,ypet~ of so:lid cement ~hat are comm~r~ially av.3il~lr~ c~t presen~ c~an:no~ long 2~ 7~
enough withstanc ~uch ~ggr~a~iiv~ ~n~i.r~nsn~ntal cc,nditions.
Indeed, af~er ol~Ly a few y~clLs s.~h con~cetc rnay well ~e cc~r rode~ be~olld r. epc~ ir.
The start.ing ~nale~;lals ~L ~;he ~omp~ciitlon of th~ pr~se 5 cement are kn~/n per se. Blast-furnace slag l~a a residl~c~l produ~t of the p;-oduct:ion of pig lrol~ arltl ma~ nly cc~n:~l3ts o:E
~mpou~dCi o~ lirne wit~ sllici.~ acid, alurninum o~:ide an.~
m~gSrl~Sium oxide, lf slecess~r~, Lh~ ~last-~rnace slag is first dried and the.n, 3~ill i.n dry ~r~r~nt lt i5 ~round lo the ~esired 10 ~inenes~, which for th~ ~L~aent purpose correspo~ds to a specif ic sur~ac~ area of SOO--650 sll~/kg. rrhe rule ~ays ~.hat a ~re~ter inltial ~trenyth is achi.eve~i acc:oL-ding as t~e 3pccific rface area i~ lar~e~ hl~ iY r~l~sv~nt. wi~h a view to the removclL o~ the formed c~)r\~;r~l e produ~ts from the snolds. A
l ~rea~er lnitial 5tren~ rlniL~i earli~r removal of the formr~d produc~s, where3fter t;he mol~ e:.c-ln ke ~csed again for rr,ak1ng ~lew pr.oducts. A 5peci~ Csu~:~ace~ a~ b~low 500 ~2/kg does not result, in an dccep~b:Le fLlldl st:.rr~ngth, wherea~ a 5pccl~ic surface area ~ove 650 m2/~g c~l hdL'dly ~r not ~e rec~ ed ~y ZO dry g~:inding l~r- an lndustricll sc:ale. Bl~st-furnace slc-g h~.
so-ca.Lled lat;ent hydraulic ~r~p~.~Lties, whlch mean~ thzlt c~n activ~tor iS ~e~ulred tv ~c-ival:;e those p~oper~le3. Sc)11d LU~ ~LL6~ , t~ ~e L~r~r~ h~ ~
as an ~tiv~t:or, in comblnation Wic~l the portl~nti ce~e~nt 25 cLinkkr.
1~he use or f ly ash is ~:L~ nown in the cernen~ indust~y .
Fly ash is a rr~ ;ldual p~odu~t ~ cocll b~;lrning i~ powe~- plclnts~
i~006~79 f th~sr~ arr~ fu~ rlr~ lCh p~ ?-ed c~l, powdered co~l fly ash iS produced, bl~1; if fl;.ell~cl with ~rown coal, bro~n ~oal fly ash i.s ~rc~rluce~. ~ly a.sh malrlly ~nsists of si~icon o;:ide, irc~n c;lxid~ dnd r-dlci~:lm ox.id~ L,ike blasl:-Curnace slag, fly 5 ash has l~rlL ~ly~Ldullc prc~p~rtie3, which means an ectivat~r ls indisp~n~ d~ cll 3c.~ss~:d above. Usually fly ash as suc:h alreacly h~ ic: sur~c:e ar~oa of a~out 300 m2/kg, whioh is s~ficienL evr the pre.~ont: p~Jrpc~s~, go that a grinding tre~.m~nt can l~e dl3p~.n3ed wl~:h.
POLL1~nd cement c:link~r is prep~red accordirlg to known ~ocecl~lres. The ,?~rtl~nd c~me~nt clinker .is ~roun~ flne to a lc ~uc~ace area which i.or the p~ese~t purpo3e i3 pre~erably at le,3~. 300 m2/kq and more pr.e~rd~ 503 ~2/kg ~r more. The portla.nd cem~slt cli.nl~er promotes the inltlatlon oi.
~5 t~l~ hydLdLlc)n ~l:r:OCeS~ and th~? i~.iti~l .st:reng~h development.
This i.s inl~oLLdlLL wiLh ~ Vie?.~ to rapld clemolding. The presence ~ ~?~LLldnd cement cl.i.nker i~j m~re n~ce~.sary ac~rdin~ a3 the weight r~ Or :bl~sL-furnace sl.~g ~,o fly a3h is smaller, r~r in~Lc~ 55/45 or less, and ac,oorclln~ a~ the blast,- furnace 2(~ 31ag i.~ l~yy rl"~. Tl-le pc)~tk~nd ~em~nt clin)cer is preferably u -i~l i.l'l ~111 2~MO',)Ilt ~f ~ bv we igh~ anc~ mo~e pre~era~ly in ~n ~mou:~t ~f 2~6~ }~y w~l~.lh~. Us:ing mo~e porcland cement clinkel-t}lar~ ne~-;e~s~.ry rcslllts in a dec~e~e ~f the ~esist~nce of the cc~nc re~e to a stron~ly acidi.c envirc,:nment .
2~ S~ Li' sodlum ~lllcat~ in parti~llate f~r.m is ~n ~ss~rlL.idl co[npuncnt o~ ~he present c:em~nt mixture ~ecause the .sodium iilic~e :~cLiv,.lL,es bot:h t.he blast.-fu~nace sla~ and the iS~79 f ly a~h when t;he concr~e rrlor-ar i~ prepa~red w1th i~ter al ifi w~er, The so<lium silicate inlti~ s the hydrat1c~n of t he ';13 ~nd th~ ~ly a~sh, l~us en~blill~ the r~ r.t.i~n ~r~i watP,r-insol~ib.le: produc:ts to ~he place . ~ic~ciium s i.lic~at~3 not:
5 only has the ,~t. vatin~ c~r il~it:l~sti~ unction ju3t clesciri~ ci, buL ta~cei~i part ill t~ ha~d~ning proc,~3~S i.tself, i . e . in the react;ions inv~l~red the~r~ir-. It is ilnportc~nt for t:he sodium sili~at:e to ~e r.ei~dily solu~l.e itl wclter t:~ permit eff1cicn~
activ~tiorl ~ rtle ~la~;t-ftlrllcle~ g ~nd the fly ash t~ ti~ke 10 place within acoepta~le tilne llrr,its ~or preparin~ the mor~ar, Pre~erc~ly a sodlum ~l.lk ~ is useci hav.ing an SiO2/~1~20 rat~10 that i.S wit~lln l:hc r~llge o~ 0.8-1. 2~ Goo(:l res~1ts ;sre oht~ined with so~ium silica~ t;h~t aiso cont~in~ ater of ~rystallization. Any i~Jater o~ cryYtt~ ion that is p~eset~t 15 hag been clisc-.ou.nte~l ln the ~ lfic~tiorl o~ t;he c~mount of sodi~r,l si11 ca.te to he ~sed in the pL~ser-t cem~ (2-12~ ~y ~eight~ refcra~ly h~ydr~tecl soc~ m sili.cat~ is u~iecl in the ~orm c~ part i.cles or ~anule3 th~t have ~ s1~c o~ O.2-2.O mJn, are st:able in the air,. and do IlO ive off clus~ when t.he cem~nl; ls pr~p~red and ~andl~d. Thus the~ ri~k o~ irrit:a~ic,n.
due ~o handli.ng ~y human b~ is r~du~d to a ml~ m.
&,11 ~inds ~ add:i.tives i.or regulatilly L~e wo~-kabl1ity -n~
tne w.~ter dernand c~rl b~ inco~po:l.atecl accord1ng t.o need.
~al~i~m su1f~te can ~ m~ i~rl~(i as ~n l~a~nple c,f ~r. addlt:i.
~or regulating t.he settlng time of t:he ,-on~rete mortar prepare~, Ça:Lclum ~ulr~ of var.io~3 orl.gins c~n be ul3ed.
Preferably calci.um su1fate 1~ used ~ iC~.I eorl~ from industxi~l Z~)O~i7~
proce~i jt~ Sv~ tC~ t~ ir~h~l~ i 7.~t- lo!l of fllle q~s frc power [~1~nt.~ he pr~p3rati~n o~ pho~;pho:cic, acit~, or the prepara~ion o~ h.~drogen fluoLide, Tht~ point, ls that ~uch ~lci~lm sul~`at~e i.s ~v2.il~ble 1~ gLeat: ~u.-3.ntlt~es ~nd for tht.-preSent purpo.se i.t can be gco~,3nd together wlth t.he bla3t-fu~nat~e ~alag ~r kne po~tland t~e~m~nt clinker. The ralci1~m ~ulfate need n~t. re~lly be ~J3r~ln~1 becau~e~ it h~s a suic~blc-fineness o~ itc;3e1f. ~rlng ~e g~ ing proee~s 1;h~ lul~p.s o:~
calci~,m sulfate i~re actually jùs~ pulve~:Lzed, ~nd the ~ine 10 particles ~re m:i.;;ed w:L.th the b!~3~L-furn~t~e slag ,~r t,he port~l2~nd cf~mellr.~,lin};~ t, ~;alcium .3ul~e is l.n~?d, thi.s ulfat.e will a1~ e clried du~i~:,c~3 Lhe grindin~ process.
. T~e presellt cemerlt can t~ ,ur~p3red by grlnding those components that need t;o ~e g~c~ull.t~ ~cauci they ~o not h~t3 t:he 1~7 desired finer~e-33, and t.hen tO e,t.:~tllpOSe the cement by putttng tot~ether the t~rour1el componen~:s a.nt~ L~lc: other eomponents, ~h.Lch are ~:Lr~ady suEficient ly fi~ y ~a.rrylng out ~ mixing 3s ~ eatlnent in or~er to obt;aln ~he.! r~cly-t;o-use homogeneou~
partio~ te C:ement. The rnlxi3-3g t::r~3at.ment: can be c~r~ied o~:~t in 20 known inclus~ria1 ll~ix.e:rs for f it~ dry s~bstanc~e~, such ~S
mixecl feed, c3`r~1.ficial f~rtill~er 3, dry c ement morta~; and the like. E~y m~ lng at a temp~r~url3 of 5Ct' or le~ a en 31;1rccl that tne wat3 r of cryY~ d~iorl oi- the hyd~tc:~ socl.lum silic~te ig :cecai71e~:1. The varloll~ compo:~lcn~, are7 7nixe~l in t;h~
25 proport lons in~l~.catecl 4L7e7v~ ul; prefera~ly the r~tio of ~las~-furnace c;lag tc) ~ly ash i:3 wil.hin ~he r~na;c ci7f ;30/7~
.55/4~, ~the larel~r Ch~ ~elativ*7 .3mount 0.~ fly ash/ the l;3rger 2~6~v~3 the aciA-resi~;ti~n.ce o~ the p~oduc:t~ m~de with the cement) ar~
the other c.o~npon~ are used in Lh~ fol.lowing proporti.on~:
c~ment c~linke~ 26 wt .
sodium 9ili~:~al;~ lc..~ latcd i 3 N.;120 ~- SiC~2) 41 wt..'~
Th~n ~,he mixt1,lr~ is re~dy f~r U~
'rhe present c~ln~nl; is us~al:l.y facto~-y-pro~essed, a.nd thl~s thoroughly mi~ cl with water ~.nd ,~ cind~l oE aggr.egat e, varying ~on1 sarl~i h~ving ~ rnl.nimutn size c,f ~bo~t O . l mm to ~ravel }l~Ving ~ maxi~ size o~ ~bout 32 mm, of cours~
depen~inq on ~ 3 p~oducCs Qtl~ wi~h~s to makt~. The finished mortat: c.an tht~ or ir~stance ~e int~-ocluced int~ iron mc~ 1s, ~hiCh hi4~e op~ nally ~een tr.ea~ll with ~ suit~ble mold-releac.e oii, Char~ ;tr~t~isti~ of the ~ e~e,.-,t cement i3 th~ f~ct that lil ~1~. water 1~ r.~ lred - ~s will bç ~xpl~inçd in more l'a ~ecail }~elow - ~ I,haC ~ ~oncret.e ~ n be produced whlch ha~ .?
low porosity. Vl~e to t:he por~ tld cement. ~linker ~nd the flnene.~s ~f the blast-~rtla~e 31a~, d s~lfficiently high init.icll or threshold ~ r-ngth i'!. aehieved rapidly, so that demol~ing can b~ c~rr:Led ou~ re !.atively 5~0n ~f~er a~cl thc 20 ~nolds car~ be used aga.Ln. Typi~;a:l.ly ~fter. 1 to 2 days t.he initial s~rengtl~. ls suf~i~,.len~ hi~lh Lo permit cl~molcling a..nd f~rther h~ndLln~. It .is recomn lrla~Le: to subseq~lently kccp the forme-~ produ<,t r!umid fc~r scme t~.m~ ~.o erlsure a qood 3t:renq~.h developmen.r during hardening. The E~r~r~clul-L ~lus c~talned h ,~5 goo~ ~lnal st;r~ .h ~after 2~ d,~ly.~) ..
As noted a:Dove, t:C~ make ~h~ nort~r with the present ceTn~nt only ~ relat:~v~ly ~nlclll amourlt ~f water is req~;tlrcd. The 20~6~i~79 pr~por i~n (7f ~er re~uir~l in t::he c~.ppli ~ation of the known flry typ~ o~ c~ ent~ e.~ re~s~d ~!:; the rat:lo ~f water t.
~ement, i~; ab(~u~ O.S, wh~r~as in the app.li~at;ion of thf3 present ¢~men1; a c~ i.dera~ly 1m~ r. water/cc!merlt ratio oi only 0,25-0~4 1~ su~fi.cierlt. Owlng t~ thi.s ~n~ tc~ o~mellt-c:he~i~al f~CtoL''i, a ~larderled pr~.lue:~ o~ ].ow p~ro lity il.
~btalned, This physi(:cll che.ra.cteri~L.lC is probahly one! of l:he f actors that a~count i.or ~h~ hig:h du:r~ y c~ t;he hardened produGts ln a V~:cy st-:ong1y acid ellvironment, It ~oes ~ithout sayin~ t.hat thi!~ hypot:hes1s r~yelL~din~ the emln~nt~ acid-resiC;cance obta~ d i - given WithOUt pre judice to t;he pr~ent invention and ~h~ L Lghts claime~ herein.
~: In vi~w of its parti~ular cllaracteri~lc:3 a~ ~lescri~ed ~bove, the present cemlsnt is to b~ :looX:e~l uyo~ primarily a3 a r~dy-lS to-use: ~Ir y cement. that; i:; ~artic.ularly 1:ntended for the p~oduc tion o~ c;)nc rete const:ruct.iurl~ ancl products which hy 1;he nat~re o~ tne~ir appllc.at i~n ll~u~t.: ~e resi.~stant ~gain~t the corro3ive offects o~ sr.rongl.y ac:id envil.urlnl~rltc~l condi.tions as long and as ~eff~ctlve!.ly as p,~ss:i~le. A nul~L4~1 o~ exaltlple~ ~:,f:
~O such applic~t:ions - l.ll~ustrdtln-l ~ut. no~: limiting the lnven~ ivll - hav~: been mentioncd a~o~e . ~ ~ ~
The lTlventi~n wi:LL now 4e illl~strat~d in an~ ~y t~e :
follo,~ing ~xc~
L-~ ~ x~.m~S
Eil~t-furna~ o~lc~g and E~rl ~land ce~ n~ ^link~r were ~round-until the sp~3ci.i io .s~rrace ~c~r~d val~1e Ipe~ified for l:h~ ~:L~g nd the L~ort lar,cl cem~!nt olinke- resp~ct l.vely werc r~a,_he~ .
.. . ... _._ - 2006~79 lC
Then t~he p~rti~u:1a~e Cc)mponert~ ~p~ci~i~cl in the table belo~
were homogene~us.1y mi:t~d in t.he 3pc~if ied ~moun~.s z~t, a I e~p~r~t~re ~low 50C: to f~rm r-a~y-to-u3c cement~.
Each o~ t;h~ men.es thu~ p~ par~ W-3.g th~n ~liY.ed with 5 standc~,r.~i sand (.iil d::ccJrdanc~ wil:h DIN ll F.4) and water t.o f~rm a mort.ar ~omprisin~ 4.50 parts ~ w~ight o~ cemcnt to 1.~50 part~ ~y wei~ht vE sand, Lhe wa~.er/c~ n~ ratio of ~eh mort:ar beil~ .sp~ ied in thr~ T~l~le. T~ low ~lues of the mortar~, obtained are also spec~iied irl Lhe Ta~ . F~om thc various morl;~rs ~lock~ WeLe mc~de meGL;yu~ .~.rlg ~0 x 90 x 150 mm, wh~ ~h were remvved from t~l~ m~lds .~fter l day ~nd were th~n c.~n~lit~ ned ~Ip t.o the 2~lrh ~ay :Lnelusivl.. nt 20C and c Le~ ti.Ye huml<li~y above '~S~.
Th~ ~ompressive ;tren~th of th~ Le~ pieces ~Aras determi.necl 15 A~te~ 1 day c~nd a~er 28 days . ~ rL~l: 2a days o~ h~rclcning t.he inlshed t~s~: pi.eces w~r~ lmm~r~,ed in a 3ulph~rl~ acid olution to :Lnvesti~ their durability in ~ st:r~gl~ ac:dic :~ envlronment :ir, r~erm8 of t~ wei~ ht s~gtELinod. The compr~ssive !~tren~th v~lues and tsl~ w~ ht. loss value~3 that.
0 were ~'QUSId ~.C~ ecif lec~ i~ t;he T~b Le.
For the purpose of f~r~er com~ ci~70n the ~me tests were carried o~t ~Islrlg ~ commerci~lly cLv~ila~le ;~La 7t:~furnace.
:
cement (Hofanc)lrn manufa~ture:l by E;~ I, Maastricht, ~h~
~ Netherland3).
: : :
.... _....... _. , .
Z~(~6~'~'9 -____ . -__ Compar3t i ve ~xo.m~1 t!3.q E,c,tmple .j _. __L. ~ ~ _, _ t ~n~i Ho~anorrn~ _ , _ _ _ _. _, _ . _ _ --.
~ouncl blast,-fu~nace slag 10 - we i~ 'b ::A . 65 4 5 ~ 0 4 3 . 9 4 4 . 3 - specific rf ace are~
(r~2 / k~ ) A hOO 4 50i700 fly hsh (7S'~
1~ c 32 ~um) - weight~ '~ _ q5,0 4.~.~q4.2 g~o~ln~ F.ort lan-~
c~mer,~t ~: l l nker - wci~ht ~ ~a . ? .5 1 . O 3 . .~ 2 . 7 ~0 - sps~ i f ic sl-rf ac~ area ~m~/l;g) k 500 500 500 N.32SiO3 . 5H2(~
(0,~-2.0 mm) 25 - wel~lht '~ _ 9.0 a,~ ~.~
- we ight '~.
c~lcu 1 ilt.~ a~
~la ~o ~ ~ l2 _, ~ 5 ~1 , 5, 3 _ 5, 3 w~ .r/~c~merl~
30 rat i~ '~ . 5 0 O . .~ ~ O . ~ 6 O . ~ 6 ~low o~ ~hc~ ortar (mm) 1 17'i l9C` l~5 1gO
( V I N ~ 5 5 5 ) ~ ~ .~__ ____ 3 5 cGmp~ l v ::
strerl~3~ c~f t~s~
~ NJItllll; '~
~Liill Ilfi4~
o.lag ~nd ~ly ash.
F].orn "J~urnal ~oc . ~,hell~, Incl. " ~, 191-~02 (1~40) it 1.q l~nc~ n t~ ~ctiv~te ~l~st-t`~ c-- 31a~ with an ~lkallne substanc~ to in~prove i.~ hydL~uliç p.roper.~ies.
Further, "W~rld Cr~ ent Te¢hnolocly" ;llLl~, 2~3-~.~3 (~77) rep~rts on an e~l;ensive study into the u~ o~ ~ement bascd ,^-n ~inely g~ou~d h:Li~st-Surnac~ sla~ and 1y ash in ~hich a 10 soluti~n ~E so~ m hy~;lr~ e i5' u~d a3 ~3n a~iv,~
~ rotn "Si:llcat~s Industrielslt 3, 7g-~,2 ~1983) a 30-~al:lcd F-c~lnent i$ knol"n, whLch yle:lds ~ c:onc~e ~e of low porosity .
'l`he F--~ement ~omprise~.; low l.llne ~.ilicate:s, such as blas~-~l~rn-3ce ~lag an~ ~ly Ish, anc~ .qn F ad~ .lv~ for activa~ing l:h~
15 silicate~3. 'l'he liquid F .~clditive cont.alrl3 an alkalin~
~u~stance as~cl, in a~d:Ltiorl, a l. c~n~ lfzlte ~s Zl di3pcrsin~
~gent, turthf~lr a~diti~ie3, 5u.,h c~1:3 ar,ti-~ c~amin~3 a~nt, may 3Ls~
be pr~3se~t.
From lU-A--31~ 145 i~ ls hnc~4n Co prepare a c~3ment 20 comprLsing a mix'cure ~)f fly zlsh and g~c~Jrld ~last-~urn~ace ~;].ag.
VariouS addit;lves may b~ aclc~ed, SU~ as cammon'Lum sul~t~c, calcium .sulfa~e, and c~ lulm ch:Loride~. Anothcr cld~iti~ is/
portl~ir~d ~ement in Z~ prc~portion of 5-lOli OL an allce~ e 3él Lt;~
for instanCe soclium ciul~at~ o~ .sod1um si.llc;~. Th~ mixtur~i~
25 described in t.l'Le EXC-Lmple ~ lpr l~g~S bl~aSt;~fl.lrnaCé~ 5lag ~and ~ly 7~
~sh in a wei~h~ r~io l;~ ~5~3';, ~nd cont~ins~ in 3dditior~ to o~her adclitiv~s, 1~ o~ por~lc~J~tl eement. This known c~ment is ~laimed t~.) ha~e ~ood st:rength ~e~relopment: char~cterist.ics.
In an ar~lcl¢~ ~y ~ ,C.M~e~hw~rl and ~?.5. ~al:ia entitle,~
"On the Prc~ecis ~evelopm~ c)f SE;' Cem~n~:~" in ~ndi~n C~emic3L
Manllf~,-.ta~r~r, lt~79~ pa~es 3$_3t3, cem~ L ~ .tures are rc:porte~
which c omprise ~o~ind ;}lag an~ ~.I.y ~ih 11l ~ r~tit~ o~ ~)out ~ tO whi~h tln activ.~ i5 ~c1ed. Thcoe k~wn cement:
mixtur~3 do ~10~ c:ont~ vr~land cement clinke~. The 1~ t~CtiVator3 that w~Le t~gted are ~;o~ m hyc1ro::ide, s~dium sili~ate, sod~ m (:c~rbonate, tlnd hydrated lime. Only wil;h 50dium hydroxi~! ooulcl ~ modera~ J;ength develc~pmcnt ~e ac~hieve ii .
We have r,ow ~o~n~l ~ new ~dcly-to-u~ce ~iry or 501 icl cemen1-15 which ~an easil~ be ha~dled, h~ d high ~;~orage ~tabili~J, and, when pro~ec; ;edt yi~lds ~. concr~ at h~ good 3~ren~1-h propertles ~ncl o:E~er~ "~in~r,t. re~lstatn~d to the corro~ive ~:f~ects of an ~c,ld en~ir~:)nmi~n~.
~cordlngly~ ~ ~;e~.nent o~` t.~lr~ ~YE~e~ de~cribed ln the ope~rlln~
ZO line t~eri5inabove~ ls ch~r~:L~r.i~ed, a~ lin~ to the pret~ent inven~ion~ in ~h,~t the ceme~nt; i~ a h~mos~neo~s dry particul~-t.e mixture in ready-to-ucie form, ~hich comp:ri~es bla~t-fu~nace Slag having a 3peçifi~ rfac~e ~,rea uf ~00-650 m2/kg ancl fl~
a~h in a weight ratio in tne range çf 2CI~80-60/40, ~hd further ;~5 compri.siss the ~ llowl.r1g çc~m~r~ents ifl the ~mo~lnt3 indicat~d,.
~alo~ l on th~ tC-t2il ml.~t.l:re.
2~
portland c~ment cllnker at least 2 wt,~
sodiu~ silicate l;¢alcu.l~ d ~s N,!~o ~- Slo~ w~ . ., A Ll sp~cl f ic $~rfa~e ar~d ~al~g yiven herein and in the S appendant olaimc~ have ~e~n d~terlnlr~ y the Bla:~ne method.
E`or the C~m]?ositic~ of thé~ present cement abundan~ly available in~us~;rlal ~;y-~Lvcl~:l¢'~s arl~ wa3t:c ~nater.ial ar. us~ç3, in pc~rticular ~rarl~la1:ed ~la~it-fuLnace s:Lag ~nd pow~ered co.~l ~ly ash, Genera.Lly~ th~re lCi llttle~ lime~ton~ involvc!d~ which r.~nslder~bly sL~s dowr) ~lle e~ha.u~tion o:E thi~ nat~lral substc~nce. MoreoveF, a sub~talltic~l ~moun~ o~ cner~y is ~avecl in thi.S way~ ~i.nce th~e~ proce~slng of llm~stone into portlan~
~em~nt; c!inker, frcm which por~land c:~mel-lt is prepared, t~kes ~ lot Of enerr~y, T~ ,cJiesent ce~lent can ~ st~recl ~or a lon~
15 time c~nd c an re~dily be mixe~ wi..th w~e~. ~nd the conventicn~l aggre~ es to ~orm a cOnCretl~ th~L has ~I good lnitial ~tren,~h and e;~hibi~s a ~avourable str~nc.lLh cleve:Lopmen~. Thc p~-eser,t cement~ is sp~Cii~ ca~ r inten~ed for ~he proclu~tion of concrete ~onst:ructivnes, produc~l:s or parts whl.ch ~re expo~ed to strorl~ly 2C acid environmental condltlon~ ~or lc~ng periods of time~.
E~amples o~ ~su~;h constr~clion~, e~c,, a:re sewage tre~tment.
plant.s, c-ie~age ~,ipes, sil~s ~or C3t~ring feed, oattle ~3hed zlnd pigsty ~l~or:; and elremerltY for ~3~h st~hle floor3, conStr~ion~ ~or manure ~oray.e, et:cs~ Sur~h 3trongly ~cld ~5 environmenta.l concqi~i.orls ~he~e l~he p~ arë~ more anc~ t~or~
of ~ pro~lem tc)day, el~d ~oncrete mh~le fr.rjm the ~,ypet~ of so:lid cement ~hat are comm~r~ially av.3il~lr~ c~t presen~ c~an:no~ long 2~ 7~
enough withstanc ~uch ~ggr~a~iiv~ ~n~i.r~nsn~ntal cc,nditions.
Indeed, af~er ol~Ly a few y~clLs s.~h con~cetc rnay well ~e cc~r rode~ be~olld r. epc~ ir.
The start.ing ~nale~;lals ~L ~;he ~omp~ciitlon of th~ pr~se 5 cement are kn~/n per se. Blast-furnace slag l~a a residl~c~l produ~t of the p;-oduct:ion of pig lrol~ arltl ma~ nly cc~n:~l3ts o:E
~mpou~dCi o~ lirne wit~ sllici.~ acid, alurninum o~:ide an.~
m~gSrl~Sium oxide, lf slecess~r~, Lh~ ~last-~rnace slag is first dried and the.n, 3~ill i.n dry ~r~r~nt lt i5 ~round lo the ~esired 10 ~inenes~, which for th~ ~L~aent purpose correspo~ds to a specif ic sur~ac~ area of SOO--650 sll~/kg. rrhe rule ~ays ~.hat a ~re~ter inltial ~trenyth is achi.eve~i acc:oL-ding as t~e 3pccific rface area i~ lar~e~ hl~ iY r~l~sv~nt. wi~h a view to the removclL o~ the formed c~)r\~;r~l e produ~ts from the snolds. A
l ~rea~er lnitial 5tren~ rlniL~i earli~r removal of the formr~d produc~s, where3fter t;he mol~ e:.c-ln ke ~csed again for rr,ak1ng ~lew pr.oducts. A 5peci~ Csu~:~ace~ a~ b~low 500 ~2/kg does not result, in an dccep~b:Le fLlldl st:.rr~ngth, wherea~ a 5pccl~ic surface area ~ove 650 m2/~g c~l hdL'dly ~r not ~e rec~ ed ~y ZO dry g~:inding l~r- an lndustricll sc:ale. Bl~st-furnace slc-g h~.
so-ca.Lled lat;ent hydraulic ~r~p~.~Lties, whlch mean~ thzlt c~n activ~tor iS ~e~ulred tv ~c-ival:;e those p~oper~le3. Sc)11d LU~ ~LL6~ , t~ ~e L~r~r~ h~ ~
as an ~tiv~t:or, in comblnation Wic~l the portl~nti ce~e~nt 25 cLinkkr.
1~he use or f ly ash is ~:L~ nown in the cernen~ indust~y .
Fly ash is a rr~ ;ldual p~odu~t ~ cocll b~;lrning i~ powe~- plclnts~
i~006~79 f th~sr~ arr~ fu~ rlr~ lCh p~ ?-ed c~l, powdered co~l fly ash iS produced, bl~1; if fl;.ell~cl with ~rown coal, bro~n ~oal fly ash i.s ~rc~rluce~. ~ly a.sh malrlly ~nsists of si~icon o;:ide, irc~n c;lxid~ dnd r-dlci~:lm ox.id~ L,ike blasl:-Curnace slag, fly 5 ash has l~rlL ~ly~Ldullc prc~p~rtie3, which means an ectivat~r ls indisp~n~ d~ cll 3c.~ss~:d above. Usually fly ash as suc:h alreacly h~ ic: sur~c:e ar~oa of a~out 300 m2/kg, whioh is s~ficienL evr the pre.~ont: p~Jrpc~s~, go that a grinding tre~.m~nt can l~e dl3p~.n3ed wl~:h.
POLL1~nd cement c:link~r is prep~red accordirlg to known ~ocecl~lres. The ,?~rtl~nd c~me~nt clinker .is ~roun~ flne to a lc ~uc~ace area which i.or the p~ese~t purpo3e i3 pre~erably at le,3~. 300 m2/kq and more pr.e~rd~ 503 ~2/kg ~r more. The portla.nd cem~slt cli.nl~er promotes the inltlatlon oi.
~5 t~l~ hydLdLlc)n ~l:r:OCeS~ and th~? i~.iti~l .st:reng~h development.
This i.s inl~oLLdlLL wiLh ~ Vie?.~ to rapld clemolding. The presence ~ ~?~LLldnd cement cl.i.nker i~j m~re n~ce~.sary ac~rdin~ a3 the weight r~ Or :bl~sL-furnace sl.~g ~,o fly a3h is smaller, r~r in~Lc~ 55/45 or less, and ac,oorclln~ a~ the blast,- furnace 2(~ 31ag i.~ l~yy rl"~. Tl-le pc)~tk~nd ~em~nt clin)cer is preferably u -i~l i.l'l ~111 2~MO',)Ilt ~f ~ bv we igh~ anc~ mo~e pre~era~ly in ~n ~mou:~t ~f 2~6~ }~y w~l~.lh~. Us:ing mo~e porcland cement clinkel-t}lar~ ne~-;e~s~.ry rcslllts in a dec~e~e ~f the ~esist~nce of the cc~nc re~e to a stron~ly acidi.c envirc,:nment .
2~ S~ Li' sodlum ~lllcat~ in parti~llate f~r.m is ~n ~ss~rlL.idl co[npuncnt o~ ~he present c:em~nt mixture ~ecause the .sodium iilic~e :~cLiv,.lL,es bot:h t.he blast.-fu~nace sla~ and the iS~79 f ly a~h when t;he concr~e rrlor-ar i~ prepa~red w1th i~ter al ifi w~er, The so<lium silicate inlti~ s the hydrat1c~n of t he ';13 ~nd th~ ~ly a~sh, l~us en~blill~ the r~ r.t.i~n ~r~i watP,r-insol~ib.le: produc:ts to ~he place . ~ic~ciium s i.lic~at~3 not:
5 only has the ,~t. vatin~ c~r il~it:l~sti~ unction ju3t clesciri~ ci, buL ta~cei~i part ill t~ ha~d~ning proc,~3~S i.tself, i . e . in the react;ions inv~l~red the~r~ir-. It is ilnportc~nt for t:he sodium sili~at:e to ~e r.ei~dily solu~l.e itl wclter t:~ permit eff1cicn~
activ~tiorl ~ rtle ~la~;t-ftlrllcle~ g ~nd the fly ash t~ ti~ke 10 place within acoepta~le tilne llrr,its ~or preparin~ the mor~ar, Pre~erc~ly a sodlum ~l.lk ~ is useci hav.ing an SiO2/~1~20 rat~10 that i.S wit~lln l:hc r~llge o~ 0.8-1. 2~ Goo(:l res~1ts ;sre oht~ined with so~ium silica~ t;h~t aiso cont~in~ ater of ~rystallization. Any i~Jater o~ cryYtt~ ion that is p~eset~t 15 hag been clisc-.ou.nte~l ln the ~ lfic~tiorl o~ t;he c~mount of sodi~r,l si11 ca.te to he ~sed in the pL~ser-t cem~ (2-12~ ~y ~eight~ refcra~ly h~ydr~tecl soc~ m sili.cat~ is u~iecl in the ~orm c~ part i.cles or ~anule3 th~t have ~ s1~c o~ O.2-2.O mJn, are st:able in the air,. and do IlO ive off clus~ when t.he cem~nl; ls pr~p~red and ~andl~d. Thus the~ ri~k o~ irrit:a~ic,n.
due ~o handli.ng ~y human b~ is r~du~d to a ml~ m.
&,11 ~inds ~ add:i.tives i.or regulatilly L~e wo~-kabl1ity -n~
tne w.~ter dernand c~rl b~ inco~po:l.atecl accord1ng t.o need.
~al~i~m su1f~te can ~ m~ i~rl~(i as ~n l~a~nple c,f ~r. addlt:i.
~or regulating t.he settlng time of t:he ,-on~rete mortar prepare~, Ça:Lclum ~ulr~ of var.io~3 orl.gins c~n be ul3ed.
Preferably calci.um su1fate 1~ used ~ iC~.I eorl~ from industxi~l Z~)O~i7~
proce~i jt~ Sv~ tC~ t~ ir~h~l~ i 7.~t- lo!l of fllle q~s frc power [~1~nt.~ he pr~p3rati~n o~ pho~;pho:cic, acit~, or the prepara~ion o~ h.~drogen fluoLide, Tht~ point, ls that ~uch ~lci~lm sul~`at~e i.s ~v2.il~ble 1~ gLeat: ~u.-3.ntlt~es ~nd for tht.-preSent purpo.se i.t can be gco~,3nd together wlth t.he bla3t-fu~nat~e ~alag ~r kne po~tland t~e~m~nt clinker. The ralci1~m ~ulfate need n~t. re~lly be ~J3r~ln~1 becau~e~ it h~s a suic~blc-fineness o~ itc;3e1f. ~rlng ~e g~ ing proee~s 1;h~ lul~p.s o:~
calci~,m sulfate i~re actually jùs~ pulve~:Lzed, ~nd the ~ine 10 particles ~re m:i.;;ed w:L.th the b!~3~L-furn~t~e slag ,~r t,he port~l2~nd cf~mellr.~,lin};~ t, ~;alcium .3ul~e is l.n~?d, thi.s ulfat.e will a1~ e clried du~i~:,c~3 Lhe grindin~ process.
. T~e presellt cemerlt can t~ ,ur~p3red by grlnding those components that need t;o ~e g~c~ull.t~ ~cauci they ~o not h~t3 t:he 1~7 desired finer~e-33, and t.hen tO e,t.:~tllpOSe the cement by putttng tot~ether the t~rour1el componen~:s a.nt~ L~lc: other eomponents, ~h.Lch are ~:Lr~ady suEficient ly fi~ y ~a.rrylng out ~ mixing 3s ~ eatlnent in or~er to obt;aln ~he.! r~cly-t;o-use homogeneou~
partio~ te C:ement. The rnlxi3-3g t::r~3at.ment: can be c~r~ied o~:~t in 20 known inclus~ria1 ll~ix.e:rs for f it~ dry s~bstanc~e~, such ~S
mixecl feed, c3`r~1.ficial f~rtill~er 3, dry c ement morta~; and the like. E~y m~ lng at a temp~r~url3 of 5Ct' or le~ a en 31;1rccl that tne wat3 r of cryY~ d~iorl oi- the hyd~tc:~ socl.lum silic~te ig :cecai71e~:1. The varloll~ compo:~lcn~, are7 7nixe~l in t;h~
25 proport lons in~l~.catecl 4L7e7v~ ul; prefera~ly the r~tio of ~las~-furnace c;lag tc) ~ly ash i:3 wil.hin ~he r~na;c ci7f ;30/7~
.55/4~, ~the larel~r Ch~ ~elativ*7 .3mount 0.~ fly ash/ the l;3rger 2~6~v~3 the aciA-resi~;ti~n.ce o~ the p~oduc:t~ m~de with the cement) ar~
the other c.o~npon~ are used in Lh~ fol.lowing proporti.on~:
c~ment c~linke~ 26 wt .
sodium 9ili~:~al;~ lc..~ latcd i 3 N.;120 ~- SiC~2) 41 wt..'~
Th~n ~,he mixt1,lr~ is re~dy f~r U~
'rhe present c~ln~nl; is us~al:l.y facto~-y-pro~essed, a.nd thl~s thoroughly mi~ cl with water ~.nd ,~ cind~l oE aggr.egat e, varying ~on1 sarl~i h~ving ~ rnl.nimutn size c,f ~bo~t O . l mm to ~ravel }l~Ving ~ maxi~ size o~ ~bout 32 mm, of cours~
depen~inq on ~ 3 p~oducCs Qtl~ wi~h~s to makt~. The finished mortat: c.an tht~ or ir~stance ~e int~-ocluced int~ iron mc~ 1s, ~hiCh hi4~e op~ nally ~een tr.ea~ll with ~ suit~ble mold-releac.e oii, Char~ ;tr~t~isti~ of the ~ e~e,.-,t cement i3 th~ f~ct that lil ~1~. water 1~ r.~ lred - ~s will bç ~xpl~inçd in more l'a ~ecail }~elow - ~ I,haC ~ ~oncret.e ~ n be produced whlch ha~ .?
low porosity. Vl~e to t:he por~ tld cement. ~linker ~nd the flnene.~s ~f the blast-~rtla~e 31a~, d s~lfficiently high init.icll or threshold ~ r-ngth i'!. aehieved rapidly, so that demol~ing can b~ c~rr:Led ou~ re !.atively 5~0n ~f~er a~cl thc 20 ~nolds car~ be used aga.Ln. Typi~;a:l.ly ~fter. 1 to 2 days t.he initial s~rengtl~. ls suf~i~,.len~ hi~lh Lo permit cl~molcling a..nd f~rther h~ndLln~. It .is recomn lrla~Le: to subseq~lently kccp the forme-~ produ<,t r!umid fc~r scme t~.m~ ~.o erlsure a qood 3t:renq~.h developmen.r during hardening. The E~r~r~clul-L ~lus c~talned h ,~5 goo~ ~lnal st;r~ .h ~after 2~ d,~ly.~) ..
As noted a:Dove, t:C~ make ~h~ nort~r with the present ceTn~nt only ~ relat:~v~ly ~nlclll amourlt ~f water is req~;tlrcd. The 20~6~i~79 pr~por i~n (7f ~er re~uir~l in t::he c~.ppli ~ation of the known flry typ~ o~ c~ ent~ e.~ re~s~d ~!:; the rat:lo ~f water t.
~ement, i~; ab(~u~ O.S, wh~r~as in the app.li~at;ion of thf3 present ¢~men1; a c~ i.dera~ly 1m~ r. water/cc!merlt ratio oi only 0,25-0~4 1~ su~fi.cierlt. Owlng t~ thi.s ~n~ tc~ o~mellt-c:he~i~al f~CtoL''i, a ~larderled pr~.lue:~ o~ ].ow p~ro lity il.
~btalned, This physi(:cll che.ra.cteri~L.lC is probahly one! of l:he f actors that a~count i.or ~h~ hig:h du:r~ y c~ t;he hardened produGts ln a V~:cy st-:ong1y acid ellvironment, It ~oes ~ithout sayin~ t.hat thi!~ hypot:hes1s r~yelL~din~ the emln~nt~ acid-resiC;cance obta~ d i - given WithOUt pre judice to t;he pr~ent invention and ~h~ L Lghts claime~ herein.
~: In vi~w of its parti~ular cllaracteri~lc:3 a~ ~lescri~ed ~bove, the present cemlsnt is to b~ :looX:e~l uyo~ primarily a3 a r~dy-lS to-use: ~Ir y cement. that; i:; ~artic.ularly 1:ntended for the p~oduc tion o~ c;)nc rete const:ruct.iurl~ ancl products which hy 1;he nat~re o~ tne~ir appllc.at i~n ll~u~t.: ~e resi.~stant ~gain~t the corro3ive offects o~ sr.rongl.y ac:id envil.urlnl~rltc~l condi.tions as long and as ~eff~ctlve!.ly as p,~ss:i~le. A nul~L4~1 o~ exaltlple~ ~:,f:
~O such applic~t:ions - l.ll~ustrdtln-l ~ut. no~: limiting the lnven~ ivll - hav~: been mentioncd a~o~e . ~ ~ ~
The lTlventi~n wi:LL now 4e illl~strat~d in an~ ~y t~e :
follo,~ing ~xc~
L-~ ~ x~.m~S
Eil~t-furna~ o~lc~g and E~rl ~land ce~ n~ ^link~r were ~round-until the sp~3ci.i io .s~rrace ~c~r~d val~1e Ipe~ified for l:h~ ~:L~g nd the L~ort lar,cl cem~!nt olinke- resp~ct l.vely werc r~a,_he~ .
.. . ... _._ - 2006~79 lC
Then t~he p~rti~u:1a~e Cc)mponert~ ~p~ci~i~cl in the table belo~
were homogene~us.1y mi:t~d in t.he 3pc~if ied ~moun~.s z~t, a I e~p~r~t~re ~low 50C: to f~rm r-a~y-to-u3c cement~.
Each o~ t;h~ men.es thu~ p~ par~ W-3.g th~n ~liY.ed with 5 standc~,r.~i sand (.iil d::ccJrdanc~ wil:h DIN ll F.4) and water t.o f~rm a mort.ar ~omprisin~ 4.50 parts ~ w~ight o~ cemcnt to 1.~50 part~ ~y wei~ht vE sand, Lhe wa~.er/c~ n~ ratio of ~eh mort:ar beil~ .sp~ ied in thr~ T~l~le. T~ low ~lues of the mortar~, obtained are also spec~iied irl Lhe Ta~ . F~om thc various morl;~rs ~lock~ WeLe mc~de meGL;yu~ .~.rlg ~0 x 90 x 150 mm, wh~ ~h were remvved from t~l~ m~lds .~fter l day ~nd were th~n c.~n~lit~ ned ~Ip t.o the 2~lrh ~ay :Lnelusivl.. nt 20C and c Le~ ti.Ye huml<li~y above '~S~.
Th~ ~ompressive ;tren~th of th~ Le~ pieces ~Aras determi.necl 15 A~te~ 1 day c~nd a~er 28 days . ~ rL~l: 2a days o~ h~rclcning t.he inlshed t~s~: pi.eces w~r~ lmm~r~,ed in a 3ulph~rl~ acid olution to :Lnvesti~ their durability in ~ st:r~gl~ ac:dic :~ envlronment :ir, r~erm8 of t~ wei~ ht s~gtELinod. The compr~ssive !~tren~th v~lues and tsl~ w~ ht. loss value~3 that.
0 were ~'QUSId ~.C~ ecif lec~ i~ t;he T~b Le.
For the purpose of f~r~er com~ ci~70n the ~me tests were carried o~t ~Islrlg ~ commerci~lly cLv~ila~le ;~La 7t:~furnace.
:
cement (Hofanc)lrn manufa~ture:l by E;~ I, Maastricht, ~h~
~ Netherland3).
: : :
.... _....... _. , .
Z~(~6~'~'9 -____ . -__ Compar3t i ve ~xo.m~1 t!3.q E,c,tmple .j _. __L. ~ ~ _, _ t ~n~i Ho~anorrn~ _ , _ _ _ _. _, _ . _ _ --.
~ouncl blast,-fu~nace slag 10 - we i~ 'b ::A . 65 4 5 ~ 0 4 3 . 9 4 4 . 3 - specific rf ace are~
(r~2 / k~ ) A hOO 4 50i700 fly hsh (7S'~
1~ c 32 ~um) - weight~ '~ _ q5,0 4.~.~q4.2 g~o~ln~ F.ort lan-~
c~mer,~t ~: l l nker - wci~ht ~ ~a . ? .5 1 . O 3 . .~ 2 . 7 ~0 - sps~ i f ic sl-rf ac~ area ~m~/l;g) k 500 500 500 N.32SiO3 . 5H2(~
(0,~-2.0 mm) 25 - wel~lht '~ _ 9.0 a,~ ~.~
- we ight '~.
c~lcu 1 ilt.~ a~
~la ~o ~ ~ l2 _, ~ 5 ~1 , 5, 3 _ 5, 3 w~ .r/~c~merl~
30 rat i~ '~ . 5 0 O . .~ ~ O . ~ 6 O . ~ 6 ~low o~ ~hc~ ortar (mm) 1 17'i l9C` l~5 1gO
( V I N ~ 5 5 5 ) ~ ~ .~__ ____ 3 5 cGmp~ l v ::
strerl~3~ c~f t~s~
~ NJItllll; '~
~Liill Ilfi4~
4~ - aft~r 1 day 5 . ~ O . 4 ~ . O 10 . 7 - after ~8 d~y~ 5;2 7 ~ 3~}:.2 31.5 _ 41.5_ ~6 wei~3ht los~ : :
c~f ~o~;t piec.:~:
dfL~L 2~ ~ay~J~ .
4~ lllulle~ n ln ~
S'It ~;o,~ , .
sol~t 10n 3 9 . 2 ;3 . 2 ~ 1 '1~ I
__. .. . _ ._~
~ The specific ,u~ c~ a~e of E~nci Hofano~m b1ast-furnace~
50 cement - prep~e~ by inter~rind:~ng -- is 4:~0 m2Jk~, ~2 : The followi~g can ~e ~oncluae~d frr~ ~he r~sults 4kt~ined.
Concrete prodllr~e~l ~ith. oonvent i~L~l c:em~nt wi~hcut f ly ash and sodium sili~ i.s not r~.~i5tant t~ ~ st:rongly ac:i~iç
~nvironment. If L1y ash an~ sodil~m q:Llic~t~ are b~th preserlt., only 1'~ by W~3icJht; of p~r~lan;l. cement clinker yields an insuf~i~lent ini.t:1al c,om~r~ssive~ str~lly~h, whil~ blast-f~r~
slag having a ~ oi~ surr~ee ar~a of 450 m2/kq ~-eld~. too low a Sina1 strength v~lue. 1~ a larger proportion of portl~3.nd cement clinker L;~ pre~e~nL (2 . 7~ hy weighl;) ~d the ~ t-furnace slag is ~elat:lvely ~lne ~ th~ me time (spe~lfi~s~r~a~:e ~rea ~ 600 m2/kg), ~1 ~elne~nt 15 ob~ai~d whi~h has a.
g~od init~al c~lnpressi.v~ ~LLt~ngth, an ac~ept~ble ~inal oompressive ~r.r,3n~t~ n~ a ve;ry ~ood ~ resistan~e.
' : ~ :
:
~ : :
~,::: :
:' :::
:: :
c~f ~o~;t piec.:~:
dfL~L 2~ ~ay~J~ .
4~ lllulle~ n ln ~
S'It ~;o,~ , .
sol~t 10n 3 9 . 2 ;3 . 2 ~ 1 '1~ I
__. .. . _ ._~
~ The specific ,u~ c~ a~e of E~nci Hofano~m b1ast-furnace~
50 cement - prep~e~ by inter~rind:~ng -- is 4:~0 m2Jk~, ~2 : The followi~g can ~e ~oncluae~d frr~ ~he r~sults 4kt~ined.
Concrete prodllr~e~l ~ith. oonvent i~L~l c:em~nt wi~hcut f ly ash and sodium sili~ i.s not r~.~i5tant t~ ~ st:rongly ac:i~iç
~nvironment. If L1y ash an~ sodil~m q:Llic~t~ are b~th preserlt., only 1'~ by W~3icJht; of p~r~lan;l. cement clinker yields an insuf~i~lent ini.t:1al c,om~r~ssive~ str~lly~h, whil~ blast-f~r~
slag having a ~ oi~ surr~ee ar~a of 450 m2/kq ~-eld~. too low a Sina1 strength v~lue. 1~ a larger proportion of portl~3.nd cement clinker L;~ pre~e~nL (2 . 7~ hy weighl;) ~d the ~ t-furnace slag is ~elat:lvely ~lne ~ th~ me time (spe~lfi~s~r~a~:e ~rea ~ 600 m2/kg), ~1 ~elne~nt 15 ob~ai~d whi~h has a.
g~od init~al c~lnpressi.v~ ~LLt~ngth, an ac~ept~ble ~inal oompressive ~r.r,3n~t~ n~ a ve;ry ~ood ~ resistan~e.
' : ~ :
:
~ : :
~,::: :
:' :::
:: :
Claims (10)
1. A cement based on blast-furnace slag and fly ash, characterized in that the cement is a homogeneous dry particulate mixture in ready-to-use form, which comprises blast-furnace slag having a specific surface area of 500-650 m2/kg and fly ash in a weight ratio in the range of 20/80-60/40, and further comprises the following components in the amounts indicated, calculated on the total mixture:
portland cement clinker at least 2 wt. %
sodium silicate (calculated as Na2O + SiO2) 2-12 wt. %
portland cement clinker at least 2 wt. %
sodium silicate (calculated as Na2O + SiO2) 2-12 wt. %
2. A cement according to claim 1, characterized in that the portland cement clinker is present in an amount of 2-15%
by weight.
by weight.
3. A cement according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio of blast-furnace slag to fly ash is within the range of 30/70-55/45 and that the remaining components are present in the following amount: 2-6% by weight of portland cement clinker, and 4-7% by weight of sodium silicate (calculated as Na2O + SiO2).
4. A cement according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the sodium silicate is stable in the air, readily soluble in water, and has an SiO2/Na2O ratio within the range of 0.8-1.2.
5. A cement according to claim 4, characterized in that the sodium silicate contains water of crystallization.
6. A cement according to claim 5, characterized in that the sodium silicate comprises particles having a size of 0.2-2.0 mm.
7, A cement according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the portland cement clinker has a specific surface area of at least 300 m2/kg.
8. A method of preparing a cement according to clalms;
1-7, characterized by grinding the blast-furnace slag and the portland cement clinker to obtain a dry product having the desired fineness, and subsequently particulate the cement by mixing the constituent components in particulate form in the desired proportions at a temperature not exceeding 50°C, and optionally incorporating other additives according to need during said grinding and/or mixing treatments.
1-7, characterized by grinding the blast-furnace slag and the portland cement clinker to obtain a dry product having the desired fineness, and subsequently particulate the cement by mixing the constituent components in particulate form in the desired proportions at a temperature not exceeding 50°C, and optionally incorporating other additives according to need during said grinding and/or mixing treatments.
9. A method of preparing products, such as sewage pipes, by mixing cement, water and conventional aggregates to make a mortar, bringing the mortar into the desired form and then allowing the mixture thus obtained to harden, characterized by using a cement according to claims 1-7 or prepared according to claim 8, and, when making the mortar, setting the ratio of water to cement at a value within the range of 0.25-0.40.
10. Products obtained by the use of the method according to claim 9.
:
:
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8803158 | 1988-12-23 | ||
| NL8803158 | 1988-12-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2006579A1 true CA2006579A1 (en) | 1990-06-23 |
Family
ID=19853432
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2006579 Abandoned CA2006579A1 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1989-12-22 | Cement, method of preparing such cement and method of making products using such cement |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5084102A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0375081B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2006579A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68903482T2 (en) |
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| US5358044A (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1994-10-25 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling and cementing with blast furnace slag/soluble/insoluble alcohol |
| US5361842A (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1994-11-08 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling and cementing with blast furnace slag/silicate fluid |
| US5439056A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1995-08-08 | Shell Oil Company | Coal slag solidification of drilling fluid |
| US5337824A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1994-08-16 | Shell Oil Company | Coal slag universal fluid |
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| US5363918A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1994-11-15 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore sealing with unsaturated monomer system |
| US5542358A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1996-08-06 | Breslauer; Charles S. | Ultra-light high moisture retention tile mortar |
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| EP0786438A4 (en) * | 1995-08-14 | 1999-10-20 | Chichibu Onoda Cement Corp | Curable composition and cured article |
| US5718758A (en) * | 1995-08-21 | 1998-02-17 | Breslauer; Charles S. | Ultra-light high moisture retention title mortar |
| US5772751A (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1998-06-30 | College Of Judea And Samaria | Cement-bound light-weight insulating structural monolithic aggregate concrete |
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| US6491751B1 (en) | 1998-09-18 | 2002-12-10 | Texas Industries, Inc. | Method for manufacturing cement using a raw material mix including finely ground steel slag |
| US6406534B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2002-06-18 | Hassan Kunbargi | Rapid hardening, ultra-high early strength portland-type cement compositions, novel clinkers and methods for their manufacture which reduce harmful gaseous emissions |
| US6758896B2 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2004-07-06 | Hassan Kunbargi | Rapid hardening, ultra-high early strength portland-type cement compositions, novel clinkers and methods for their manufacture which reduce harmful gaseous emissions |
| BR0108483A (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2003-04-22 | Willie W Stroup | Dome Slag Cement Mixture and Methods of Fabrication and Utilization |
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| US6709510B1 (en) | 2002-11-19 | 2004-03-23 | Texas Industries, Inc. | Process for using mill scale in cement clinker production |
| FR2882748B1 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2007-06-01 | Electricite De France | CEMENT COMPOSED WITH CFL AND CONCRETE ASH CONTAINING SAME ASH |
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| US7727327B2 (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2010-06-01 | James Glessner | Low embodied energy concrete mixture |
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| FR2949227B1 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2013-09-27 | Laboratoire Central Des Ponts Et Chaussees | GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENT AND USE THEREOF |
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| US20130213274A1 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2013-08-22 | Obayashi Corporation | Cement composition, method for producing mixed material, and method for producing cement composition |
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| FI69270C (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-01-10 | Metsaeliiton Teollisuus Oy | BRACKBESTAENDIGA TRAEKOMPOSITER SPECIELLT INREDNINGSSKIVOR OCHFOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV DESSA |
| US4642137A (en) * | 1985-03-06 | 1987-02-10 | Lone Star Industries, Inc. | Mineral binder and compositions employing the same |
| US4640715A (en) * | 1985-03-06 | 1987-02-03 | Lone Star Industries, Inc. | Mineral binder and compositions employing the same |
| US4842649A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-06-27 | Pyrament, Inc. | Cement composition curable at low temperatures |
-
1989
- 1989-12-22 DE DE1989603482 patent/DE68903482T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-22 US US07/455,620 patent/US5084102A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-22 EP EP19890203314 patent/EP0375081B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-22 CA CA 2006579 patent/CA2006579A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE68903482T2 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
| DE68903482D1 (en) | 1992-12-17 |
| EP0375081A1 (en) | 1990-06-27 |
| EP0375081B1 (en) | 1992-11-11 |
| US5084102A (en) | 1992-01-28 |
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