CA2011565A1 - Low residue antiperspirant creams - Google Patents
Low residue antiperspirant creamsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2011565A1 CA2011565A1 CA002011565A CA2011565A CA2011565A1 CA 2011565 A1 CA2011565 A1 CA 2011565A1 CA 002011565 A CA002011565 A CA 002011565A CA 2011565 A CA2011565 A CA 2011565A CA 2011565 A1 CA2011565 A1 CA 2011565A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- antiperspirant
- composition according
- cream composition
- clay
- volatile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q15/00—Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0216—Solid or semisolid forms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/26—Aluminium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/28—Zirconium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/58—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus
- A61K8/585—Organosilicon compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S424/00—Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
- Y10S424/05—Stick
Abstract
LOW RESIDUE ANTIPERSPIRANT CREAMS
Abstract of the Disclosure Antiperspirant cream compositions, which exhibit reduced residue on the skin and excellent cosmetics and aesthetics, as well as good composition stability over time, are claimed. These compositions, which may be formulated to have relatively high viscosities, include a volatile silicone material, a particulate antiperspirant active, a clay thickening agent, an activator for the clay thickening agent, and a non-volatile paraffinic hydro-carbon fluid, such as mineral oil or branched chain C16-C68 hydrocarbons. A method of treating or preventing perspiration in humans using these compositions is also claimed.
Abstract of the Disclosure Antiperspirant cream compositions, which exhibit reduced residue on the skin and excellent cosmetics and aesthetics, as well as good composition stability over time, are claimed. These compositions, which may be formulated to have relatively high viscosities, include a volatile silicone material, a particulate antiperspirant active, a clay thickening agent, an activator for the clay thickening agent, and a non-volatile paraffinic hydro-carbon fluid, such as mineral oil or branched chain C16-C68 hydrocarbons. A method of treating or preventing perspiration in humans using these compositions is also claimed.
Description
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LOW RESIDUE ANTIPERSPI M NT CREAMS
Paul R. Tanner Randy G. Nunn John P. Luebbe Technical Field The present inVQntion relates to antiperspirant compositions in cream form ~hich provide good antiperspirant e~ficacy together with reduced residue on the skin, excellent cosmetics and aesthe-tics, and good composition stability over time. These composi-tions may be formulated to have very high viscosities.
8ackqround of the Invention ~ompositions designed to stop or reduce the flow of perspi-ration are well-known in the cosmetic and chemical literature.
Antiperspirants typically contain an astringent material, such as an astringent aluminum or zirconium salt. These compositions are designed to deliver the active to the skin in an effective form, while being cosmetic~lly acceptable to the user.
A variety of methods have been used~to apply antiparspirant compos;t;ons to the skin. For exan~ple? spray, roll-on, cream, and stick compositions are commonly used. Such formula~ions are described in Plechner, iAntiperspirants and Deodorants", Cos-metics, Science and Techno10~y; ~:373-416 (8alsam & Sagarin, Ed., 1972).
A Yar1ety of cream-type formulations are known. For example, eream emuls~ons are described in U.S. Patent 4,268,499, Keil, issued May 19, 1981. Cream suspensions are described in European Patent Application 28,853, Beckmeyer et al., published May 20, lg81. Anhydrous creams in gel form are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,083,956, Shelton, issued April 11, 1978, and European Pa~ent Application 135,315, Kasatj publishe~ March 27, -1985. M~wever, cream composttions present particular formulation and use problems and, as a result, have been less popular than other antiperspirant produet forms. For example,; some cream compositions may be sticky and produce aesthetically ~undesirable levels of white chalky restdue on the skin after use. Creams may also be messy and otherwise difficult to apply. Special packages . . . . ~ . . .
. , .
: , ~ ,, and dispensers have been designed to reduce such application nega-tives. In spite of this, the residue and aesthetics problems generally tend to make craams a less des~rable form for anti-perspirant compositions.
It has now been found that the antiperspirant creams of the present invention? which utilize specifically defined non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluids together with a volatile silicone material, a particulate antiperspirant active? a clay thickening agent, and an activator for the clay, provide effectiYe anti-perspirant performance together with reduced residue upon appli-cation to the skin, reduced residue on the skin after dry-down, excellent cosmetics and aesthetics, and improved composition stability over time. The present invention may also provide a benefit in terms of improved delivery and substantivity of perfumes included in the compositions. If desired, these com-positions may be formulated to have very high viscoslties.
Mineral oil has been taught in the art for use in wa~er-contain;ng emulsion-type deodorant sticks (e.g., U.S. Patent 3,255,082, Barton et al.~ issued June 7, 1966), in aerosol de-odorants (e.g., U.S. Patent 3,968,203, Spit~er et al., issued July 6, 1976), and in deodorant creams (e.g., U.S. Patent 4,083,956, Shelton, issued April 11, 1978). See also European Patent Appli-cation 28,853, Beckmeyer et al., published May 20, 1981 ~m;neral oil as a non-volatile emollient in l 7 qu;d antipersp;rant compositionsJ.
U.S. Patent 4,424,328, Nabial, issued January 19, 1984, describes deodorant sticks containing an antiperspirant active, a volatile cyclic silirone emollient, a clay suspending agent, and an activator for the clay. These composltions may optionally include e~ollients, such as 2-ethylhexyl palmitate. U.SO Patent 4,265,878, Keil, issued May 57 1981, describes emulsion-type deodorant sticks containing an antiperspirant active dispersed in a solid matrix which includes a volatile water-insoluble liquid.
Useful volat~le liquids include cyclic polysiloxanes and paraf finic hydrocarbons. Clays are not taught to be includ~d in these .
~ 3 compositions. U.S. Patent 4,2~9,432, Geria, issued October 21~
1980, describes th~ use o-f certain waxy materials to keep the active components dispersed in an antiperspirant stick composi-~ion. Straight and branched-chain paraf~inic hydrocarbon waxes are disclosed. U.S. Patent 4,7247139, Palinczar, issued February 9, 1988, describes antiperspirant s$icks which include 5-80% of a volatile isoparaffin liquid, 5-60% of a water-insoluble W3X, such as castor wax, and 8-~0% of a particulate antiperspirant active.
There is no disclosure of clays or clay activators in these compositions. Further, the branched chain hydrocarbons utilized in the Keil and Palinczar patents are volatil~, as opposed to the non-volatile materials required in the present invention. These prior art products, which relate to deodorant sticks, would tend to leave a visible residue on the skin after use.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides antiperspirant cream composi-tions, having a penetration force value of from about 60 to about 500 grams, comprising:
(a) from abo~t 20X to about 70% of volatile silicone material;
(b) from about 5X to about 35% of a particulate antiper-spirant active;
(c) from about 3% to about 1~ of a clay th;ckening agent;
(d) from about 0.1% to about 5~ oP an activator for said clay th;ckening agent; and (e) from a~out 5%to about 40~ of a non-volatile paraffinic hydrooarbon fluld selected from the sroup consisting of mlneral oils, branched-chain C16-C68 hydrocarbon emol-lients, and mixtures thereof. ~
Preferred compositions additionally contain from abou~ 0.5% ~ -to about 5X of a non-clay thickener, such as castor wax. The present invention also encompasses a method of treating and preventing perspiration in humans utilizing these compositions.
Deta~led ~e$cr~ption_of the Invention The antiperspirant cream compositions of the present inven-tion comprise a volatile silicone material, a particulate anti-:
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- ~ -perspirant active, a clay thickening agent, an activator for the cl~y thickening agent, and a non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluid. The components to be included in these creams must be "cosmetically acceptable", i.e., safe for human use via topical application and aesthetically acceptable at the levels encompassed by the present invention, at a reasonable risk/benefit ratio.
The compositions encompass any semi-solid formulation that is suitable for depositing antiperspirant material on human skin.
The creams o~ this invention have a penetration force value of from about 60 9 to about 500 9, preferably from about 100 9 to about 300 9, at 25C and at 50% relative humidity, as measured with a Stevens Texture Analyzer, manufactured by C. Stevens Sons, Ltd. This value is the force required to move a standard-izPd 1.5 cm diameter disc through the product, for a distance of 5 mm, at a rate of Z mm/second. It is a unique benefit of the present ~nvention that effective, aesthetic, low residue composi-tions may be formulated having high viscosities.
The components used in the present invention are described in . detai7 below. As used herein, all percentages and ratios are by Zo wei~ht unless otherwise specified.
Vo_ ~ile s;!icone Mate-La-l :
The compositions of the present invention contain from about 20% to about 70X, prcferably fro~ about 20% to about 5Gæ, of a volatile silicone matcrial. As used in this context, "volatile"
~5 refers to those materlals which have measurable vapor pressure at ambl ent cond~ ti ons . Such vol ati 1 e s i 1 i cones may be cycl i c or linear. A description of various volatile silicones is found in Todd et al., ~Yolatile Silicone Fluids For Cosmetics", Cosme~ics dnd Toi1etries, 91:27-32 (1976)~ incorporated herein by reference.
Preferred volatile silicone materials inelude those having ~from about 3 to about 7, preferably from abou~ 4 to about 5, silicon atoms. Cycl~c volatile silicones are preferred for use herein and include those having the formula:
n wherein n is from about 3 to about 7. Linear volatile silicone materials include those having the formula:
(CH3)3Si-O-~Si(CH3)20]n-Si(CH3) wherein n is from about 1 to about 7. Linear volatile silicones generally have viscosities of less than about 5 centistokes a~
25-C, whereas the cyclic silicones have viscosities of less than about 10 centistokes. Examples of volatile silicones useful in the present invention include: Dow Corning 344, Dow Corning 345, and Dow Corning 200 ~commercially available from Dow Corning Corp.); GE 7207 and 7158 (con~nercially available from General Electric Co.); and SWS-03314 (con~nercially avai1able from SWS
Silicones Corp.).
Particulate Anti~ers~irant Materia!
The compositions of the present lmention also ~nclude from about 5% to about 35%, pr~ferably from about lO~ to about 30~7, of a particulate ant~perspirant material. These weight percentages ar~ caleulated on an anhydrous nletal salt basis (exclusiYe of ~- 25 glyc{ne, the salts of glycine, or other complexing agents). The partlculate antiperspirant material preferably has particle s kes ranging from about 1 to about 100 microns, more preferably from about 1 to about 50 microns. They may be impalpable or micro-spherical in far~ and, preferably, have a high bulk density (e.g., greater than about 0.7 g/cm~
The particulate antiperspirant materials utilized in the present invention comprisQ any compound or compositlon or mixtures thereof having antiperspirant activity. Astringent ~etallic salts are preferred antiperspirant materials for use herein7 particu-larly the inorganic and organic salts of aluminum~ zirconium and zinc, as well as mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are the ~, . . . .
aluminum and zirconium salts, such as aluminum halides, aluminum hydroxy halides, zirconyl oxide halides, zirconyl hydroxy halides, and mixtures thereo~.
Preferred aluminum salts include thosP having the Formula:
Al 2 ( OH)aclb-xH 2 wherein a ls from about 2 to about 5; the sum of a and b is about 6; x ls from about 1 to about 6; and wherein a, b, and x may have non-integer values. Particularly preferred are the aluminum chlorhydroxides referred to as "5/6 basic chlorhydroxide", wherein a ~ 5, and "2/3 basic chlorhydroxide", wherein a = 4. Processes for preparing aluminum salts are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,887,6g2, G;lman, issued June 3, 1~75; U.S. Patent 3,904,741, Jones et al., issued September g, 1975; U.S. Patent 4,359,456, Gosling et al., issued November 16, 1982; and British Patent Specification 2,048,229, Fitzgerald et al., published December 10, 1980. Mixtures of aluminum salts are described in British Patent Specification 1,347,950, Shin et al., published February 27, 1974.
Zirconium salts are also preferred for use in the antiperspirant creams of the present invention. Such salts have the general foImula:
ZrO(OH)~."Cla.xH20 wherein a is from about 1.5 to about 1.87; x is from about 1 to about 7; and wherein a and x may have non-integer values. These zirconium salts are described in Belgian Patent 825,146, Schmitz, issued August 4, 1975.
Particularly preferred zirconium salts are those complexes which additionally contain aluminurn and glycine, commonly known as ZAG complexes. Such ZAG complexes contain aluminum chlorhydroxide and zirconyl hydroxy chloride of the formulae described above. Such ZAG complexes are described in U.S. Patent 3,679,068, Luedders et al., issued February 127 1974, and U.S. Patent 4,120,948, Shelton, issued October 17, 197~.
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Also use:ful herein are the ZAG complexes disclosed in Great Britain Patent Application 2,14~ 92, Callaghan et al., published March 20, 1985.
I'hese ZAG actives, when analyzed by high pressure gel permeation chroma~ography, exhibit a distribution pattern having 4 or more successive peaks or "bands1, where the height ratio of bands IV to III is greater than about 2:1. Most preferred are the ~AG aotives which have a total area under the curve of bands I and II of less than about I~%, preferably less than about 5%, more preferably less than about 2%, and most pre~erably less than abou$ 1%.
ClaY Thickening Aqent The present invention also includes from about 3% to about 10% of a clay thicken~ng agent, or a mixture of such thickening agents, particularly hydrophobically-treated clays. The thicken-ing agents useful herein include hydrophobically-treated mont-morillonite clays, e.g., bentonites and hectorites. Many such clay thickening agents are co~mercially available. They include, for example, Bentone 38 (hectorite) and Bentone 34 (bentonite), commerc~ally available fro~ HL Industries, Inc.1 and Ti~oyel (bentonite), comm~rc~ally available from United Catalyst, Inc.
The hectorite and bentonlte clay minerals described above are expandable ~swellable), 3-layer clays, in wh kh a sheet of alumi- :
num/oxygen ato~s or magn~sium/oxygen atoms lies between 2 layers of s11icone/oxygen atoms, i.e., alumlnosilicates and magnesium ~:-silicates, having an lon exchange capacity of at least about 50 ~eq/lOO g of clay, and preferably at least about 60 meq/100 g of clay. The term "expandable~, as used to describe the clays herein, relates to the ability o~ the layered clay structures to be swollen or expanded on contact with water. Such hectorite and bentonite clays are described in Griml C7ay Minerology (2nd Ed.),pp 77-79 (1968), and YanOlphen, An IntrRduct7'0~ to C1dy ~:
Co170id Che~istry (Znd Ed.), pp 64-76 (1977).
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The clay minerals employed in the compositions of the present invention contain exchangeable cations including, but not limited to, protons, sodium ions, potasslum ions, caloium ions, magnesium ions, lithium ions, and the like. It is customary to distinguish between clays on the basis of one cation predominantly or exclu-sively absorbed. For example, a sodium clay is one in which the absorbed cation is predominantly sodium. As used herein, the term "clayn, such as a hectorite clay~ includes all the various ex-changeable cation variants of that clay, e.g., sodium hectorite, ~0 potassium hectorite, lithium hectorite, magnesium hectorite, calcium heotorite, etc.
The clay minerals employed in the present invention are made hydrophobic by treating them with a cationic surfactant material.
A preferred cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant, such as ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride.
Thick~ninq Aqçnt Ac~ivator The compositions of th~ present invention contain from about 0.1% to about 5X of an activator for th~ clay thickening agent to enable the hydrophobically-treated clay to suspend the anti-persplrant active in the deodorant creams of the present inven-tion. Such activating materials are well known in the art and include, for example, propylene carbonate, ethanol, methanol, and mixtures thereof.
NQn-VQLa~ Paraffinic Hvdrocarborl Fl uid A crit k al component of the antiperspirant creams of the present invention is the spec1fically selected non-volatile paraffin~c hydrocarbon fluid. The compositions of the present invent~on include from about 5~ to about 40%, preferably from about 10~ to about 30%, of a non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluid. If the level of non-volatlle hydrocarbon fluid is too low, -the low residue benefits of the present invention are not seen; if the leYel of non-volatile hydrocarbon fluid is too high, the deodorant product tends to be too greasy, having undesirable aesthetics. As used in this context, the term "non-volatile"
means that the hydrooarbon fluids used in the present invention have a boiling point of at least about 200-C. Further, the :" ' ' ' ' . . .
hydrooarbon fluids must be liquids at room temperature. The hydrocarbon fluids useful in the present invention include mineral oils and certain branched-chain hydrocarbons~
Mineral oils useful in the present invention are petroleum S derivatives which are complex mixtures of paraffinic and naph-thenic (cyclic) hydrocarbons. ~hese include both "light" and "heavy" mineral oils, which are differentiated on the basis of the average molecular weight of the hydrocarbons included. The mineral oils useful herein have the following properties:
13 - viscosity of from about S centistokes to about 70 centistokes at 40-C;
- density between about 0.82 and about 0.89 g/cm3 at 25~C;
- flash point between about 138~C and about 216~C; and - carbon chain length between about 14 and about 40 carbons.
The branched chain hydrocarbons useful in the present inven-tion are highly branched non-volatile aliphatic liquids containing an average of from about 16 to about 68, preferably from about 16 to about 24, carbon atoms. If the compounds are not sufficiently branchad, they will be waxes rather than the liquids required in the present invention. Materials containing 15 and fewer carbons tend to be too volat~le for use in the present invention. Commer-cially available materials are mixtures of various branchad chain compounds, rather than a single pure compound. Branched chain hydrocarbon fluids useful hersin have the following properties:
- denslty between about 0.79 and about 0.8g g/cm3 at 20 - bo~ling point greater than about 200-C; and - flash polnt between about 90~C and about 200C.
Preferred branched chain hydrocarbons are commercially available under ths tra~emarks Permethyl (Permethyl Corporation) and Isopar (Exxon). In selecting a branched chain hydrocarbon material 9 its average carbon chain length must be considered to make certain that it falls within the ranges set forth herein.
Particularly preferred materials include Permethyl 103A, which contains an average of about 24 carbon atoms, Permethyl 102A, which contains an average oF about 20 carbon atoms9 and Permethyl 101A, which oontains an average oF about 16 carbon atoms.
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Preferred antiperspirant creams of the present inven~ion contain, in addition to the clay thicken~ng agent, from about 0.5%
to about 5% of a non-clay thickener. The addition of this non-clay thickener has a particularly beneficial effect in improving the product's viscoslty, stability, and cosmetics. Such materials are well known in the art an~ include, for example, castor wax, beeswax, spermac~ti, carnauba, baysberry, candelilla, montan, ozokerite, ceresin, paraffin, synthetic waxes such as Fisher-Tropsch waxes, microcrystalline waxes, and mixtures thereof. A
particularly preferred non-clay thickener is castor wax (com-mercially available under the trademarks Thixin E and Thixin R
from NL Industries).
Another non-clay thickening material which may be used in the present invention is finely divided silica or ~colloidal silica"
which is comprised of micron ta submicron sized silica particu-lates having high surface areas (preferably greater than about 100 squar~ meters per gram of mater1al). Preferably, the colloidal silica material is less than about 1 micron in size, and i~ most preferably a fumed silica. Colloidal silica materials are de-scribed in Hardy et al.9 ~The Use of Fumed S~licas in Cosmeticsn, Cosme~ ~echnology 2.~35 (1980). Useful colloidal silica materials include those marketed as Syloid silicas (manufacturecl by Da~lison Chemical Division of W.R. Grace), Cab-O-Sil (manufactured by Cabot (:orp.), and Aerosil (manufactured by Degussa A.&.). Cab-O-Sil is a pre~erred commercially-available colloidal silica usefill herein, having a surface area of frorn about 200 to about 400 square meters per gram.
The compositions of the present invention may also contain optional components which modify the physical characteristics of the vehicles or serve as "active" components when deposited on the skin in addition to the particulate antiperspirant active material. Additional active components include bacteriostats and fungistats. Optional components useful herein are described in U.S. Patent 4,049,792, Elsnau, issued September 20, 1977, and ~' European ~tent Application 28,853, Beckmeyer ~t al., published June 20, 1~81. The specific non-active components that may be useful herein will clepend upon the character;stics (e.g., thickness, color, odor, skin--feel) that are desirecl for the particular composition being formul~ted. Such comporlents include, for example, emollients, colorants, perfumes, and emulsifiers.
The ant1perspirant cream compositions of the present inven-tion may also optionally contain from about 0.5YO to about 5% of a particulate hydrophilic polymer. These polymers assist in the removal of the antiperspirant residue from the skin during wash-ing. Preferred hydrophilic polymers include cellulose ether polymers (cation~e, neutral, and anionic3, modified starches, polyamides ~especially polyacrylamides), and polypeptides, as disclosed generally in Davidson, Handbook of ~ater-Solub1e Gums and Resins, 1980. Preferably, the polymer is selected from nonionic cellulose ether polymers, such as alkylcelluloses (e.g., methylcellulose), hydroxyalkyl alkylcelluloses (e.g., hydroxy-propyl methylcellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, ethylhydroxy ethylcellulose), hydroxy alkylcelluloses (e.y., hydroxyethylcellu-lose, hydro~ypropylcellulose), and ~ixtures thereof. Most pre-ferred are the hydroxy alkylcelluloses, especially hydroxyethyl-cellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose.
Another optional component which may be included in the antipersp;rant creams of th~ present inv~ntion is a cosmetic powder or a m1,xture of such powders, incorporated at level of from abou~ 0.5% to about 10%. In order to optimize :the low residue benefits of the present inYentiOn~ it may be useful, ;n certain compositions, to limit the total amount of part kulates and ~powders (other than the antiperspirant aetive and the clay thick-ener) to no more than about ~ of the composition. Cosmetic powders useful herein include "inert spherlcal particulate mate-rialsr' having a mean diameter of at least about 10 m;crons. Such ;nert particulate materials include, for example, polyolefins A ~
(such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropyl~ne), nylon, ~axes7 teflon, essentially water-insoluble cross-linked starches, and mixtures thereof. Other cosmetic po~ders useful herein include silicate powders (including talc, aluminum silicate and magnesium silicate1, modified corn starches, metallic stearates, and mixtures ~hereof. Talc is described in Plotkin, "Cosmetic Talo", C.T.F.A. Cosme~ic Joumal 11:13-16 (1979). Commercially-available powders include, for example, Veecote (anhydrous aluminum silicate, commercially available from R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc.) and Dry Flo (aluminum starch succinate, commercially available from National Starch &
Chemicals Co.).
The processes used for making khe compositions of the ~resent invention, as well as the equipment used in such processes, are well known to those skilled in the art. They may be batch pro-cesses (i .e., involving discrete processing steps) or continuous processes (i.e., wherein the product composition is passed between processing steps in essentially continuous increments3. The process used for making the cream compositions of the present inventlon may be as simple as thoroughly mixing together all of the components. For example, in one method for making the com-positions of the present ;nvention, all of the ;ngredients, with the exception of th~ activator for the clay thickening agent, are comblned and heated to a temperature of from about 35-C to about 50~C. The specific temperature used will depend upon the character~stics of the particular components being mixed. The temperatur~ selested may be the one necessary to activate the non-clay thick~ner, if one is utilized in the composition. The mixture is then allowed to cool to room temperature. The acti-vator is added to the composition with high shear mixing or milling to form a stable cream product. Examples of high shear mixers which may be usQd in this process are well-known and include9 for example, homogenizers and colloid mills. Specific essential and non-essentlal materials to be included in the present invention, and their levels, are selected to produce a cream of desired aesthetics and viscosity, which deposits a A
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2 ~ c~' suitable amount of antiperspirant active on the skin during use.
In making the compositions of the present invention care must be taken to assure that the particulate materials are dispersed relatively uniformly throughout the composition.
Creams of this invention may be packed in conventional antip~rspirant cream containers known in the art. Such packages typically contain the cream in bulk form. The cream is then applied by hand, or by a pad or similar applicator device. The creams of the present invention may also be packed in a dispenser designed to extrude or otherwise directly apply the creams to the skin.
The antiperspirant cream compositions of the present inven-tion are utilized in a conventional manner to treat or prevent perspiration on areas of the human body, such as the axillary lS areas, which are prone to perspiration wetness. Specifically, an effective amount of any of the ~ompositions described herein is applied topically to such areas one or more t;mes a day. When this is done, the compositions provide effective antiperspirant performance, as well as reduced residue on the skin, and good aesthetics upon application for the user. ~-The following non-limiting examples illustrate the composi-tions, processes of ~anufacture, and methods of use described in th~ present appl~cat10n.
ExamPl~ I
An antiperspirant cream composition of the present invention is prepar~d as follows.
55~QQn~n~ Weight %
Cyclomethicone D-5 1 30.5 Permethyl lOlA 2 15.3 Permethyl 102A 3 15.0 ~Propylene Carbonate 4 1.6 Quaternium-18 (Ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride) Hectorit~ 5 6.0 Castor Wax 6 3.7 Polyethylene Spheres 7 5.5 Aluminum Zirconium Triohlorohydrex Gly 8 22.7 100~
A cyclic polydimethylsiloxane containing S carbons, supplied by G.E. Si1~cones 2 16 carbon branched chain hydrocarbon fluid, supplied by Permethyl Corporation (density - 0.79 g/cm3; b.p. ~ 210-250-C~ ;
3 20 carbon branched chain hydrocarbon fluid, supplied by Permethyl Corporation (density - 0.83 g/cm3, bp ~ 275-300-C) 4 Supplied by Te~aco 5 Bentone-38, supplied by NL Industries 8 Thixin E, supplied by Nl Industries 7 Microthene ML-733, supplied by U.S. Industrial Chemicals a Supplled by Westwood Chemical Corporation All of th~ ingredients except the propylene carbonate are combinecl and heated to 49-C (120aF) with agitation. The propylene carbonate is then slowly adde~ to the batch while milling with a Tekmar mlll. The resulting stiff cream is filled into jars or ~:
cream applicators and allow~d to cool. The penetra~ion force value of the composition is about 118 grams.
ExamDl~ II
The fcllow~ng is an antipersplrant cream composition of the present invent~on~
; 25 Cyclomæthicone D-5 40.5 Permethyl 103A ~ 20.0 Propyl~ne Carbonate 2.0 Quaternium-18 H~ctorite 7.5 Talc S.0 ~ : .
: 30 Aluminum Chlorohydrate 2 ~5.0 - 1007o 24 carbon branched chain hydrocarbon fluid, supplied by The Permethyl Corporation (density ~ 0.838 g/cm3 b.p.: Y 230-350-~) Z Dow Corning ACH-323 impalpable powder, supplied by Dow Corning :
" ,~
~ - . . .
, ~ :
;
2 ~
This cream composition is prepared in a manner similar to the cream described in Example I, except that for this composition no heating is required.
Example III
The Following is an antiperspirant cream composition of the present invention.
Wei~t %
Cyclomethicone D-5 36.7 Light Mineral Oil ~ 10.0 Permethyl lOlA 10.0 Propylene Carbonate 1.8 Quaternium-18 Hectorite 7.0 `:
Castor Wax 4.5 Aluminum Chlorohydrate 30.
100%
Benol White Mineral Oil, suppl ied by ~l~tco ~hemical Corp.
(viscos~ty Y 18-20 csk at 40 C; dens~ty ~ 0.839-0.855 9/cm3) Th~s crea~ composition ls prepared by essentially the same 20 procedur~ as described in Exa~ple I.
The antipersplrant compositklns described in Examples I~III, when applied to the axillary area of th~ user, prov1de effective prevention and control of perspirat~on wetness. These composi-tions ar~ stable, have excellent aesthetics, and provlde reduced 25 vtstbl~ residue on the skin after application.
:
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LOW RESIDUE ANTIPERSPI M NT CREAMS
Paul R. Tanner Randy G. Nunn John P. Luebbe Technical Field The present inVQntion relates to antiperspirant compositions in cream form ~hich provide good antiperspirant e~ficacy together with reduced residue on the skin, excellent cosmetics and aesthe-tics, and good composition stability over time. These composi-tions may be formulated to have very high viscosities.
8ackqround of the Invention ~ompositions designed to stop or reduce the flow of perspi-ration are well-known in the cosmetic and chemical literature.
Antiperspirants typically contain an astringent material, such as an astringent aluminum or zirconium salt. These compositions are designed to deliver the active to the skin in an effective form, while being cosmetic~lly acceptable to the user.
A variety of methods have been used~to apply antiparspirant compos;t;ons to the skin. For exan~ple? spray, roll-on, cream, and stick compositions are commonly used. Such formula~ions are described in Plechner, iAntiperspirants and Deodorants", Cos-metics, Science and Techno10~y; ~:373-416 (8alsam & Sagarin, Ed., 1972).
A Yar1ety of cream-type formulations are known. For example, eream emuls~ons are described in U.S. Patent 4,268,499, Keil, issued May 19, 1981. Cream suspensions are described in European Patent Application 28,853, Beckmeyer et al., published May 20, lg81. Anhydrous creams in gel form are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,083,956, Shelton, issued April 11, 1978, and European Pa~ent Application 135,315, Kasatj publishe~ March 27, -1985. M~wever, cream composttions present particular formulation and use problems and, as a result, have been less popular than other antiperspirant produet forms. For example,; some cream compositions may be sticky and produce aesthetically ~undesirable levels of white chalky restdue on the skin after use. Creams may also be messy and otherwise difficult to apply. Special packages . . . . ~ . . .
. , .
: , ~ ,, and dispensers have been designed to reduce such application nega-tives. In spite of this, the residue and aesthetics problems generally tend to make craams a less des~rable form for anti-perspirant compositions.
It has now been found that the antiperspirant creams of the present invention? which utilize specifically defined non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluids together with a volatile silicone material, a particulate antiperspirant active? a clay thickening agent, and an activator for the clay, provide effectiYe anti-perspirant performance together with reduced residue upon appli-cation to the skin, reduced residue on the skin after dry-down, excellent cosmetics and aesthetics, and improved composition stability over time. The present invention may also provide a benefit in terms of improved delivery and substantivity of perfumes included in the compositions. If desired, these com-positions may be formulated to have very high viscoslties.
Mineral oil has been taught in the art for use in wa~er-contain;ng emulsion-type deodorant sticks (e.g., U.S. Patent 3,255,082, Barton et al.~ issued June 7, 1966), in aerosol de-odorants (e.g., U.S. Patent 3,968,203, Spit~er et al., issued July 6, 1976), and in deodorant creams (e.g., U.S. Patent 4,083,956, Shelton, issued April 11, 1978). See also European Patent Appli-cation 28,853, Beckmeyer et al., published May 20, 1981 ~m;neral oil as a non-volatile emollient in l 7 qu;d antipersp;rant compositionsJ.
U.S. Patent 4,424,328, Nabial, issued January 19, 1984, describes deodorant sticks containing an antiperspirant active, a volatile cyclic silirone emollient, a clay suspending agent, and an activator for the clay. These composltions may optionally include e~ollients, such as 2-ethylhexyl palmitate. U.SO Patent 4,265,878, Keil, issued May 57 1981, describes emulsion-type deodorant sticks containing an antiperspirant active dispersed in a solid matrix which includes a volatile water-insoluble liquid.
Useful volat~le liquids include cyclic polysiloxanes and paraf finic hydrocarbons. Clays are not taught to be includ~d in these .
~ 3 compositions. U.S. Patent 4,2~9,432, Geria, issued October 21~
1980, describes th~ use o-f certain waxy materials to keep the active components dispersed in an antiperspirant stick composi-~ion. Straight and branched-chain paraf~inic hydrocarbon waxes are disclosed. U.S. Patent 4,7247139, Palinczar, issued February 9, 1988, describes antiperspirant s$icks which include 5-80% of a volatile isoparaffin liquid, 5-60% of a water-insoluble W3X, such as castor wax, and 8-~0% of a particulate antiperspirant active.
There is no disclosure of clays or clay activators in these compositions. Further, the branched chain hydrocarbons utilized in the Keil and Palinczar patents are volatil~, as opposed to the non-volatile materials required in the present invention. These prior art products, which relate to deodorant sticks, would tend to leave a visible residue on the skin after use.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides antiperspirant cream composi-tions, having a penetration force value of from about 60 to about 500 grams, comprising:
(a) from abo~t 20X to about 70% of volatile silicone material;
(b) from about 5X to about 35% of a particulate antiper-spirant active;
(c) from about 3% to about 1~ of a clay th;ckening agent;
(d) from about 0.1% to about 5~ oP an activator for said clay th;ckening agent; and (e) from a~out 5%to about 40~ of a non-volatile paraffinic hydrooarbon fluld selected from the sroup consisting of mlneral oils, branched-chain C16-C68 hydrocarbon emol-lients, and mixtures thereof. ~
Preferred compositions additionally contain from abou~ 0.5% ~ -to about 5X of a non-clay thickener, such as castor wax. The present invention also encompasses a method of treating and preventing perspiration in humans utilizing these compositions.
Deta~led ~e$cr~ption_of the Invention The antiperspirant cream compositions of the present inven-tion comprise a volatile silicone material, a particulate anti-:
,- . : . . :.: .
;. . , . ~ . .
~ ' ' : ' ~. , . , ~ .
2 0 ~ ~ 5 ~ C~
- ~ -perspirant active, a clay thickening agent, an activator for the cl~y thickening agent, and a non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluid. The components to be included in these creams must be "cosmetically acceptable", i.e., safe for human use via topical application and aesthetically acceptable at the levels encompassed by the present invention, at a reasonable risk/benefit ratio.
The compositions encompass any semi-solid formulation that is suitable for depositing antiperspirant material on human skin.
The creams o~ this invention have a penetration force value of from about 60 9 to about 500 9, preferably from about 100 9 to about 300 9, at 25C and at 50% relative humidity, as measured with a Stevens Texture Analyzer, manufactured by C. Stevens Sons, Ltd. This value is the force required to move a standard-izPd 1.5 cm diameter disc through the product, for a distance of 5 mm, at a rate of Z mm/second. It is a unique benefit of the present ~nvention that effective, aesthetic, low residue composi-tions may be formulated having high viscosities.
The components used in the present invention are described in . detai7 below. As used herein, all percentages and ratios are by Zo wei~ht unless otherwise specified.
Vo_ ~ile s;!icone Mate-La-l :
The compositions of the present invention contain from about 20% to about 70X, prcferably fro~ about 20% to about 5Gæ, of a volatile silicone matcrial. As used in this context, "volatile"
~5 refers to those materlals which have measurable vapor pressure at ambl ent cond~ ti ons . Such vol ati 1 e s i 1 i cones may be cycl i c or linear. A description of various volatile silicones is found in Todd et al., ~Yolatile Silicone Fluids For Cosmetics", Cosme~ics dnd Toi1etries, 91:27-32 (1976)~ incorporated herein by reference.
Preferred volatile silicone materials inelude those having ~from about 3 to about 7, preferably from abou~ 4 to about 5, silicon atoms. Cycl~c volatile silicones are preferred for use herein and include those having the formula:
n wherein n is from about 3 to about 7. Linear volatile silicone materials include those having the formula:
(CH3)3Si-O-~Si(CH3)20]n-Si(CH3) wherein n is from about 1 to about 7. Linear volatile silicones generally have viscosities of less than about 5 centistokes a~
25-C, whereas the cyclic silicones have viscosities of less than about 10 centistokes. Examples of volatile silicones useful in the present invention include: Dow Corning 344, Dow Corning 345, and Dow Corning 200 ~commercially available from Dow Corning Corp.); GE 7207 and 7158 (con~nercially available from General Electric Co.); and SWS-03314 (con~nercially avai1able from SWS
Silicones Corp.).
Particulate Anti~ers~irant Materia!
The compositions of the present lmention also ~nclude from about 5% to about 35%, pr~ferably from about lO~ to about 30~7, of a particulate ant~perspirant material. These weight percentages ar~ caleulated on an anhydrous nletal salt basis (exclusiYe of ~- 25 glyc{ne, the salts of glycine, or other complexing agents). The partlculate antiperspirant material preferably has particle s kes ranging from about 1 to about 100 microns, more preferably from about 1 to about 50 microns. They may be impalpable or micro-spherical in far~ and, preferably, have a high bulk density (e.g., greater than about 0.7 g/cm~
The particulate antiperspirant materials utilized in the present invention comprisQ any compound or compositlon or mixtures thereof having antiperspirant activity. Astringent ~etallic salts are preferred antiperspirant materials for use herein7 particu-larly the inorganic and organic salts of aluminum~ zirconium and zinc, as well as mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are the ~, . . . .
aluminum and zirconium salts, such as aluminum halides, aluminum hydroxy halides, zirconyl oxide halides, zirconyl hydroxy halides, and mixtures thereo~.
Preferred aluminum salts include thosP having the Formula:
Al 2 ( OH)aclb-xH 2 wherein a ls from about 2 to about 5; the sum of a and b is about 6; x ls from about 1 to about 6; and wherein a, b, and x may have non-integer values. Particularly preferred are the aluminum chlorhydroxides referred to as "5/6 basic chlorhydroxide", wherein a ~ 5, and "2/3 basic chlorhydroxide", wherein a = 4. Processes for preparing aluminum salts are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,887,6g2, G;lman, issued June 3, 1~75; U.S. Patent 3,904,741, Jones et al., issued September g, 1975; U.S. Patent 4,359,456, Gosling et al., issued November 16, 1982; and British Patent Specification 2,048,229, Fitzgerald et al., published December 10, 1980. Mixtures of aluminum salts are described in British Patent Specification 1,347,950, Shin et al., published February 27, 1974.
Zirconium salts are also preferred for use in the antiperspirant creams of the present invention. Such salts have the general foImula:
ZrO(OH)~."Cla.xH20 wherein a is from about 1.5 to about 1.87; x is from about 1 to about 7; and wherein a and x may have non-integer values. These zirconium salts are described in Belgian Patent 825,146, Schmitz, issued August 4, 1975.
Particularly preferred zirconium salts are those complexes which additionally contain aluminurn and glycine, commonly known as ZAG complexes. Such ZAG complexes contain aluminum chlorhydroxide and zirconyl hydroxy chloride of the formulae described above. Such ZAG complexes are described in U.S. Patent 3,679,068, Luedders et al., issued February 127 1974, and U.S. Patent 4,120,948, Shelton, issued October 17, 197~.
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Also use:ful herein are the ZAG complexes disclosed in Great Britain Patent Application 2,14~ 92, Callaghan et al., published March 20, 1985.
I'hese ZAG actives, when analyzed by high pressure gel permeation chroma~ography, exhibit a distribution pattern having 4 or more successive peaks or "bands1, where the height ratio of bands IV to III is greater than about 2:1. Most preferred are the ~AG aotives which have a total area under the curve of bands I and II of less than about I~%, preferably less than about 5%, more preferably less than about 2%, and most pre~erably less than abou$ 1%.
ClaY Thickening Aqent The present invention also includes from about 3% to about 10% of a clay thicken~ng agent, or a mixture of such thickening agents, particularly hydrophobically-treated clays. The thicken-ing agents useful herein include hydrophobically-treated mont-morillonite clays, e.g., bentonites and hectorites. Many such clay thickening agents are co~mercially available. They include, for example, Bentone 38 (hectorite) and Bentone 34 (bentonite), commerc~ally available fro~ HL Industries, Inc.1 and Ti~oyel (bentonite), comm~rc~ally available from United Catalyst, Inc.
The hectorite and bentonlte clay minerals described above are expandable ~swellable), 3-layer clays, in wh kh a sheet of alumi- :
num/oxygen ato~s or magn~sium/oxygen atoms lies between 2 layers of s11icone/oxygen atoms, i.e., alumlnosilicates and magnesium ~:-silicates, having an lon exchange capacity of at least about 50 ~eq/lOO g of clay, and preferably at least about 60 meq/100 g of clay. The term "expandable~, as used to describe the clays herein, relates to the ability o~ the layered clay structures to be swollen or expanded on contact with water. Such hectorite and bentonite clays are described in Griml C7ay Minerology (2nd Ed.),pp 77-79 (1968), and YanOlphen, An IntrRduct7'0~ to C1dy ~:
Co170id Che~istry (Znd Ed.), pp 64-76 (1977).
~,:
*Trade Mark ' . .,~
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.. ' . . , ~ . .
The clay minerals employed in the compositions of the present invention contain exchangeable cations including, but not limited to, protons, sodium ions, potasslum ions, caloium ions, magnesium ions, lithium ions, and the like. It is customary to distinguish between clays on the basis of one cation predominantly or exclu-sively absorbed. For example, a sodium clay is one in which the absorbed cation is predominantly sodium. As used herein, the term "clayn, such as a hectorite clay~ includes all the various ex-changeable cation variants of that clay, e.g., sodium hectorite, ~0 potassium hectorite, lithium hectorite, magnesium hectorite, calcium heotorite, etc.
The clay minerals employed in the present invention are made hydrophobic by treating them with a cationic surfactant material.
A preferred cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant, such as ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride.
Thick~ninq Aqçnt Ac~ivator The compositions of th~ present invention contain from about 0.1% to about 5X of an activator for th~ clay thickening agent to enable the hydrophobically-treated clay to suspend the anti-persplrant active in the deodorant creams of the present inven-tion. Such activating materials are well known in the art and include, for example, propylene carbonate, ethanol, methanol, and mixtures thereof.
NQn-VQLa~ Paraffinic Hvdrocarborl Fl uid A crit k al component of the antiperspirant creams of the present invention is the spec1fically selected non-volatile paraffin~c hydrocarbon fluid. The compositions of the present invent~on include from about 5~ to about 40%, preferably from about 10~ to about 30%, of a non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluid. If the level of non-volatlle hydrocarbon fluid is too low, -the low residue benefits of the present invention are not seen; if the leYel of non-volatile hydrocarbon fluid is too high, the deodorant product tends to be too greasy, having undesirable aesthetics. As used in this context, the term "non-volatile"
means that the hydrooarbon fluids used in the present invention have a boiling point of at least about 200-C. Further, the :" ' ' ' ' . . .
hydrooarbon fluids must be liquids at room temperature. The hydrocarbon fluids useful in the present invention include mineral oils and certain branched-chain hydrocarbons~
Mineral oils useful in the present invention are petroleum S derivatives which are complex mixtures of paraffinic and naph-thenic (cyclic) hydrocarbons. ~hese include both "light" and "heavy" mineral oils, which are differentiated on the basis of the average molecular weight of the hydrocarbons included. The mineral oils useful herein have the following properties:
13 - viscosity of from about S centistokes to about 70 centistokes at 40-C;
- density between about 0.82 and about 0.89 g/cm3 at 25~C;
- flash point between about 138~C and about 216~C; and - carbon chain length between about 14 and about 40 carbons.
The branched chain hydrocarbons useful in the present inven-tion are highly branched non-volatile aliphatic liquids containing an average of from about 16 to about 68, preferably from about 16 to about 24, carbon atoms. If the compounds are not sufficiently branchad, they will be waxes rather than the liquids required in the present invention. Materials containing 15 and fewer carbons tend to be too volat~le for use in the present invention. Commer-cially available materials are mixtures of various branchad chain compounds, rather than a single pure compound. Branched chain hydrocarbon fluids useful hersin have the following properties:
- denslty between about 0.79 and about 0.8g g/cm3 at 20 - bo~ling point greater than about 200-C; and - flash polnt between about 90~C and about 200C.
Preferred branched chain hydrocarbons are commercially available under ths tra~emarks Permethyl (Permethyl Corporation) and Isopar (Exxon). In selecting a branched chain hydrocarbon material 9 its average carbon chain length must be considered to make certain that it falls within the ranges set forth herein.
Particularly preferred materials include Permethyl 103A, which contains an average of about 24 carbon atoms, Permethyl 102A, which contains an average oF about 20 carbon atoms9 and Permethyl 101A, which oontains an average oF about 16 carbon atoms.
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~:
Preferred antiperspirant creams of the present inven~ion contain, in addition to the clay thicken~ng agent, from about 0.5%
to about 5% of a non-clay thickener. The addition of this non-clay thickener has a particularly beneficial effect in improving the product's viscoslty, stability, and cosmetics. Such materials are well known in the art an~ include, for example, castor wax, beeswax, spermac~ti, carnauba, baysberry, candelilla, montan, ozokerite, ceresin, paraffin, synthetic waxes such as Fisher-Tropsch waxes, microcrystalline waxes, and mixtures thereof. A
particularly preferred non-clay thickener is castor wax (com-mercially available under the trademarks Thixin E and Thixin R
from NL Industries).
Another non-clay thickening material which may be used in the present invention is finely divided silica or ~colloidal silica"
which is comprised of micron ta submicron sized silica particu-lates having high surface areas (preferably greater than about 100 squar~ meters per gram of mater1al). Preferably, the colloidal silica material is less than about 1 micron in size, and i~ most preferably a fumed silica. Colloidal silica materials are de-scribed in Hardy et al.9 ~The Use of Fumed S~licas in Cosmeticsn, Cosme~ ~echnology 2.~35 (1980). Useful colloidal silica materials include those marketed as Syloid silicas (manufacturecl by Da~lison Chemical Division of W.R. Grace), Cab-O-Sil (manufactured by Cabot (:orp.), and Aerosil (manufactured by Degussa A.&.). Cab-O-Sil is a pre~erred commercially-available colloidal silica usefill herein, having a surface area of frorn about 200 to about 400 square meters per gram.
The compositions of the present invention may also contain optional components which modify the physical characteristics of the vehicles or serve as "active" components when deposited on the skin in addition to the particulate antiperspirant active material. Additional active components include bacteriostats and fungistats. Optional components useful herein are described in U.S. Patent 4,049,792, Elsnau, issued September 20, 1977, and ~' European ~tent Application 28,853, Beckmeyer ~t al., published June 20, 1~81. The specific non-active components that may be useful herein will clepend upon the character;stics (e.g., thickness, color, odor, skin--feel) that are desirecl for the particular composition being formul~ted. Such comporlents include, for example, emollients, colorants, perfumes, and emulsifiers.
The ant1perspirant cream compositions of the present inven-tion may also optionally contain from about 0.5YO to about 5% of a particulate hydrophilic polymer. These polymers assist in the removal of the antiperspirant residue from the skin during wash-ing. Preferred hydrophilic polymers include cellulose ether polymers (cation~e, neutral, and anionic3, modified starches, polyamides ~especially polyacrylamides), and polypeptides, as disclosed generally in Davidson, Handbook of ~ater-Solub1e Gums and Resins, 1980. Preferably, the polymer is selected from nonionic cellulose ether polymers, such as alkylcelluloses (e.g., methylcellulose), hydroxyalkyl alkylcelluloses (e.g., hydroxy-propyl methylcellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, ethylhydroxy ethylcellulose), hydroxy alkylcelluloses (e.y., hydroxyethylcellu-lose, hydro~ypropylcellulose), and ~ixtures thereof. Most pre-ferred are the hydroxy alkylcelluloses, especially hydroxyethyl-cellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose.
Another optional component which may be included in the antipersp;rant creams of th~ present inv~ntion is a cosmetic powder or a m1,xture of such powders, incorporated at level of from abou~ 0.5% to about 10%. In order to optimize :the low residue benefits of the present inYentiOn~ it may be useful, ;n certain compositions, to limit the total amount of part kulates and ~powders (other than the antiperspirant aetive and the clay thick-ener) to no more than about ~ of the composition. Cosmetic powders useful herein include "inert spherlcal particulate mate-rialsr' having a mean diameter of at least about 10 m;crons. Such ;nert particulate materials include, for example, polyolefins A ~
(such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropyl~ne), nylon, ~axes7 teflon, essentially water-insoluble cross-linked starches, and mixtures thereof. Other cosmetic po~ders useful herein include silicate powders (including talc, aluminum silicate and magnesium silicate1, modified corn starches, metallic stearates, and mixtures ~hereof. Talc is described in Plotkin, "Cosmetic Talo", C.T.F.A. Cosme~ic Joumal 11:13-16 (1979). Commercially-available powders include, for example, Veecote (anhydrous aluminum silicate, commercially available from R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc.) and Dry Flo (aluminum starch succinate, commercially available from National Starch &
Chemicals Co.).
The processes used for making khe compositions of the ~resent invention, as well as the equipment used in such processes, are well known to those skilled in the art. They may be batch pro-cesses (i .e., involving discrete processing steps) or continuous processes (i.e., wherein the product composition is passed between processing steps in essentially continuous increments3. The process used for making the cream compositions of the present inventlon may be as simple as thoroughly mixing together all of the components. For example, in one method for making the com-positions of the present ;nvention, all of the ;ngredients, with the exception of th~ activator for the clay thickening agent, are comblned and heated to a temperature of from about 35-C to about 50~C. The specific temperature used will depend upon the character~stics of the particular components being mixed. The temperatur~ selested may be the one necessary to activate the non-clay thick~ner, if one is utilized in the composition. The mixture is then allowed to cool to room temperature. The acti-vator is added to the composition with high shear mixing or milling to form a stable cream product. Examples of high shear mixers which may be usQd in this process are well-known and include9 for example, homogenizers and colloid mills. Specific essential and non-essentlal materials to be included in the present invention, and their levels, are selected to produce a cream of desired aesthetics and viscosity, which deposits a A
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2 ~ c~' suitable amount of antiperspirant active on the skin during use.
In making the compositions of the present invention care must be taken to assure that the particulate materials are dispersed relatively uniformly throughout the composition.
Creams of this invention may be packed in conventional antip~rspirant cream containers known in the art. Such packages typically contain the cream in bulk form. The cream is then applied by hand, or by a pad or similar applicator device. The creams of the present invention may also be packed in a dispenser designed to extrude or otherwise directly apply the creams to the skin.
The antiperspirant cream compositions of the present inven-tion are utilized in a conventional manner to treat or prevent perspiration on areas of the human body, such as the axillary lS areas, which are prone to perspiration wetness. Specifically, an effective amount of any of the ~ompositions described herein is applied topically to such areas one or more t;mes a day. When this is done, the compositions provide effective antiperspirant performance, as well as reduced residue on the skin, and good aesthetics upon application for the user. ~-The following non-limiting examples illustrate the composi-tions, processes of ~anufacture, and methods of use described in th~ present appl~cat10n.
ExamPl~ I
An antiperspirant cream composition of the present invention is prepar~d as follows.
55~QQn~n~ Weight %
Cyclomethicone D-5 1 30.5 Permethyl lOlA 2 15.3 Permethyl 102A 3 15.0 ~Propylene Carbonate 4 1.6 Quaternium-18 (Ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride) Hectorit~ 5 6.0 Castor Wax 6 3.7 Polyethylene Spheres 7 5.5 Aluminum Zirconium Triohlorohydrex Gly 8 22.7 100~
A cyclic polydimethylsiloxane containing S carbons, supplied by G.E. Si1~cones 2 16 carbon branched chain hydrocarbon fluid, supplied by Permethyl Corporation (density - 0.79 g/cm3; b.p. ~ 210-250-C~ ;
3 20 carbon branched chain hydrocarbon fluid, supplied by Permethyl Corporation (density - 0.83 g/cm3, bp ~ 275-300-C) 4 Supplied by Te~aco 5 Bentone-38, supplied by NL Industries 8 Thixin E, supplied by Nl Industries 7 Microthene ML-733, supplied by U.S. Industrial Chemicals a Supplled by Westwood Chemical Corporation All of th~ ingredients except the propylene carbonate are combinecl and heated to 49-C (120aF) with agitation. The propylene carbonate is then slowly adde~ to the batch while milling with a Tekmar mlll. The resulting stiff cream is filled into jars or ~:
cream applicators and allow~d to cool. The penetra~ion force value of the composition is about 118 grams.
ExamDl~ II
The fcllow~ng is an antipersplrant cream composition of the present invent~on~
; 25 Cyclomæthicone D-5 40.5 Permethyl 103A ~ 20.0 Propyl~ne Carbonate 2.0 Quaternium-18 H~ctorite 7.5 Talc S.0 ~ : .
: 30 Aluminum Chlorohydrate 2 ~5.0 - 1007o 24 carbon branched chain hydrocarbon fluid, supplied by The Permethyl Corporation (density ~ 0.838 g/cm3 b.p.: Y 230-350-~) Z Dow Corning ACH-323 impalpable powder, supplied by Dow Corning :
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, ~ :
;
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This cream composition is prepared in a manner similar to the cream described in Example I, except that for this composition no heating is required.
Example III
The Following is an antiperspirant cream composition of the present invention.
Wei~t %
Cyclomethicone D-5 36.7 Light Mineral Oil ~ 10.0 Permethyl lOlA 10.0 Propylene Carbonate 1.8 Quaternium-18 Hectorite 7.0 `:
Castor Wax 4.5 Aluminum Chlorohydrate 30.
100%
Benol White Mineral Oil, suppl ied by ~l~tco ~hemical Corp.
(viscos~ty Y 18-20 csk at 40 C; dens~ty ~ 0.839-0.855 9/cm3) Th~s crea~ composition ls prepared by essentially the same 20 procedur~ as described in Exa~ple I.
The antipersplrant compositklns described in Examples I~III, when applied to the axillary area of th~ user, prov1de effective prevention and control of perspirat~on wetness. These composi-tions ar~ stable, have excellent aesthetics, and provlde reduced 25 vtstbl~ residue on the skin after application.
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Claims (10)
1. An antiperspirant cream composition, having a penetration force value of from about 60 grams to about 500 grams, comprising:
(a) from about 20% to about 70% of a volatile silicone material;
(b) from about 5% to about 35% of a particulate antiperspirant active;
(c) from about 3% to about 10% of a clay thickening agent;
(d) from about 0.1% to about 5% of an activator for said clay thickening agent; and (e) from about 5% to about 40% of a non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluid, said non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluid being mineral oil.
(a) from about 20% to about 70% of a volatile silicone material;
(b) from about 5% to about 35% of a particulate antiperspirant active;
(c) from about 3% to about 10% of a clay thickening agent;
(d) from about 0.1% to about 5% of an activator for said clay thickening agent; and (e) from about 5% to about 40% of a non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluid, said non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluid being mineral oil.
2. An antiperspirant cream composition according to Claim 1 which comprises from about 8% to about 25% of the non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluid.
3. An antiperspirant cream composition according to Claim 1 which comprises from about 20% to about 50% of the volatile silicone material.
4. An antiperspirant cream composition according to Claim 1 wherein the volatile silicone material is a cyclic silicone having the formula wherein n is from 3 to 7.
5. An antiperspirant cream composition according to Claim 4 wherein the particulate antiperspirant active is selected from the group consisting of ZAG complexes, and actives having the formula Al2(OH)nClbxH2O
wherein a is from 2 to 5, a+b is 6, x is from 1 to 6, and wherein a, b, and x may have non-integer values, and mixtures thereof.
wherein a is from 2 to 5, a+b is 6, x is from 1 to 6, and wherein a, b, and x may have non-integer values, and mixtures thereof.
6. An antiperspirant cream composition according to Claim 5 wherein the clay thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobically-treated bentonites, hydrophobically-treated hectorites, and mixtures thereof.
7. An antiperspirant cream composition according to Claim 6 wherein the activator is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, ethanol, methanol, and mixtures thereof.
8. An antiperspirant cream composition according to Claim 1 which additionally comprises from about 0.5% to about 5% of a non-clay thickener.
9. An antiperspirant cream composition according to Claim 8 wherein the non-clay thickener is castor wax.
10. A method for treating and preventing perspiration in humans comprising the topical application to the axillary area of an effective amount of the antiperspirant cream composition according to Claim 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/323,524 US5019375A (en) | 1989-03-14 | 1989-03-14 | Low residue antiperspirant creams |
| USS.N.323,524 | 1989-03-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2011565A1 true CA2011565A1 (en) | 1990-09-14 |
Family
ID=23259571
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002011565A Abandoned CA2011565A1 (en) | 1989-03-14 | 1990-03-06 | Low residue antiperspirant creams |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5019375A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0388110A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH03200720A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900013938A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1046096A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5120990A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9001190A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2011565A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI901243A0 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ232898A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT93428A (en) |
| TR (1) | TR25128A (en) |
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| US4719103A (en) * | 1984-06-13 | 1988-01-12 | American Cyanamid Company | Method for the preparation of water-in-oil emulsion antiperspirants |
| US4548808A (en) * | 1984-06-18 | 1985-10-22 | Leonard Chavkin | Long-acting anhydrous antiperspirant compositions containing triacetin |
| US4749569A (en) * | 1985-04-08 | 1988-06-07 | The Gillette Company | Extrudable antiperspirant composition |
| US4724139A (en) * | 1985-05-08 | 1988-02-09 | Victor Palinczar | Antiperspirant stick |
| US4777035A (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1988-10-11 | Bristol-Myers Company | Antiperspirant composition and process |
| US4863721A (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1989-09-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Reduced stinging antiperspirant compositions |
| US4853214A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-08-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Antiperspirant creams containing volatile silicones |
| US4840789A (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-06-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Antiperspirant creams |
-
1989
- 1989-03-14 US US07/323,524 patent/US5019375A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-03-06 CA CA002011565A patent/CA2011565A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-03-12 AU AU51209/90A patent/AU5120990A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-03-12 EP EP90302591A patent/EP0388110A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-13 NZ NZ232898A patent/NZ232898A/en unknown
- 1990-03-13 TR TR90/0312A patent/TR25128A/en unknown
- 1990-03-13 KR KR1019900003308A patent/KR900013938A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-03-13 FI FI901243A patent/FI901243A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-03-13 BR BR909001190A patent/BR9001190A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-03-14 PT PT93428A patent/PT93428A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-03-14 CN CN90102129A patent/CN1046096A/en active Pending
- 1990-03-14 JP JP2063916A patent/JPH03200720A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5019375A (en) | 1991-05-28 |
| BR9001190A (en) | 1991-03-19 |
| JPH03200720A (en) | 1991-09-02 |
| CN1046096A (en) | 1990-10-17 |
| AU5120990A (en) | 1990-09-20 |
| EP0388110A1 (en) | 1990-09-19 |
| KR900013938A (en) | 1990-10-22 |
| NZ232898A (en) | 1992-11-25 |
| PT93428A (en) | 1990-11-07 |
| FI901243A0 (en) | 1990-03-13 |
| TR25128A (en) | 1992-11-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |