CA2023807A1 - Inhaler - Google Patents
InhalerInfo
- Publication number
- CA2023807A1 CA2023807A1 CA002023807A CA2023807A CA2023807A1 CA 2023807 A1 CA2023807 A1 CA 2023807A1 CA 002023807 A CA002023807 A CA 002023807A CA 2023807 A CA2023807 A CA 2023807A CA 2023807 A1 CA2023807 A1 CA 2023807A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- breath
- inhaler
- inhalation device
- casing
- actuated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0091—Inhalators mechanically breath-triggered
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0065—Inhalators with dosage or measuring devices
- A61M15/0068—Indicating or counting the number of dispensed doses or of remaining doses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/009—Inhalators using medicine packages with incorporated spraying means, e.g. aerosol cans
Abstract
ABSTRACT
INHALER
An inhalation device comprising:
(i) a breath-actuated inhaler comprising a medicament reservoir mounted within a housing which comprises a mouthpiece and breath-actuation means which prevents dispensing from the reservoir until a patient inhales through the mouthpiece, and, (ii) a protective casing surrounding the breath actuated inhaler, the casing comprising a body portion and a movable cover which may be displaced to allow a patient access to the mouthpiece to use the breath-actuated inhaler whilst it is within the casing, the breath-actuated inhaler being removable from the protective casing and operable outside the casing.
INHALER
An inhalation device comprising:
(i) a breath-actuated inhaler comprising a medicament reservoir mounted within a housing which comprises a mouthpiece and breath-actuation means which prevents dispensing from the reservoir until a patient inhales through the mouthpiece, and, (ii) a protective casing surrounding the breath actuated inhaler, the casing comprising a body portion and a movable cover which may be displaced to allow a patient access to the mouthpiece to use the breath-actuated inhaler whilst it is within the casing, the breath-actuated inhaler being removable from the protective casing and operable outside the casing.
Description
2~238~7 INH~ER
~IELD OF THE INVENTION
This inventiGn relates to inhalation activatable dispensers for use with inhalers such as dry powder dispersers and aA,-osol container assemblies which contain medicaments for iAlhalation therapy, are pressurised with liquid propellants, and include a metering valve through which a series of metered medicament doses can be dispensed. In part:icular the invention relates to inhalation activatable dispensers which are removably retained within an outer casing.
BhS`];GROUND TO THE INVENTION
Inhalation activatable dispensers for use with aerosol container assemblies of the type described above are known, their g~neral purpose being to afford proper co-ordination of t:.he dispensing of a dose of medicament with the inhalati.oJ- of the patient thereby allowing the maximum proportion ol the dose of medicament to be drawn into the patient'-; bronchial passages. Examples of such dispensers are de~st:ribed in British Patent Specification Nos. 1,269,554, '.,335,378, 1,392,192 and 2,061,116 and United States Pat.el,t Nos. 3,456,644, 3,645,645, 3,456,646, 3,565,(i70, 3,598,294, 3,814,297, 3,605,738, 3,732,864, 3,636,~l9, 3,789,843 and 3,187,748 and German Patent No. 3,040,li~l1.
European Patelt No. 147C28 discloses an inhalation activatable dispencer for use with an aerosol container in which a latch l:;echanism releasing vane is pivotally mounted in an air ~assage between an aerosol outlet valve and a mouthpiece, ~hich latch mechanism cannot be released if force t:o activate the dispenser is not applied before a E~atient inhales.
The dispenser generally comprises a housing having a mouthpiece and an air passage therethrough terminating at the mouthpiece, the housing being adapted to receive an aerosol container ~aving a support block with a socket adapted to receive the stem of the valve of the aerosol container and a thl-ough orifice communicating between the 2023~7 socket and the ai1 passage, and latch means having parts movable between an engaged position in which movement of the container and 1:.he support block toward each other upon the applicaticn of a force to bias the container and the support bloc~ toward each other is prevented and a re:Lease positior. i.n which movement of the container and the support block t:oward each other in response to said force is permitted causing the stem to move to its inner discharge pOsitioll, the latch means comprising a vane mounted on the houciing in the air passageway between the orifice and the m~ thpiece for movement toward the mouthpiece under the influence of inhalation through the mouthpiece to releclse the latch means in which the vane moves toward the rl1outhpiece from a blocking to a non-blocXing position with respect to the passageway inresponse to inhali.ng at the mouthpiece and releases the latch means only d-lring the application of said force to bias the container. and support block toward each other.
This inhalati.on device has been received favourably by patients and doctors since it not only overcomes the hand-lung co-ordination problem but it does so at a very low triggering flow-rate (approximately 30 litres/minute) essentially silent.ly, and with a very compact design barely larger than a standard inhaler.
It is an obje.:t of the present invention to provide an inhalation activable dispenser within an outer casing.
BR-L~~.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore according to the present invention there is provided:
(i) a breath~actuated inhaler comprising a medicament reservoi.r mounted within a housing which comprises a mouthpi.ece and breath-actuation means which prevents dispensing from the reservoir until a patient inhales through the mouthpiece, and (ii) a protect.ive casing surrounding the breath actuated inhaler, the casing comprising a body portion and a movable cove:r which may be displaced to allow a patient access to the mouthpiece to use the breath-actuated inhaler ~lilst it is within the casing the 2023~7 breath-actuated inhaler bein~ removable from the protective casing and operable outside the casing.
The arrangemerlt of a removable breath-actuated inhaler within a protective casing has several advantages. The casing surrounds and preferably completely envelopes the inhaler preventing ingress of dust, water and other foreign bodies allowing the inhalation device i_o be readily carried in a pocket, handbag etc. The inhaler may be used without removing it from the casing b~l displacing the cover to allow patient access to the mGuthpiece. The casinq also protects the inhaler, particularly the breath-actuated mechanism, from direct damage and if the casing is damaged the inhaler will probably still function from within the casing.
However, if the caC,ing is subjected to severe damage the inhaler may be rel~c,ved and used in its breath-actuated mode outside the czsing. In a preferred embodiment the breath-actuated irll!aler comprises means to disable the breath-actuated m-chanism thereby allowing the inhaler to be used in a simple press-and-breathe mode which allows test firing.
DESCRIPX!ON OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The inhaler preferably comprises an aerosol vial containing a mixture of propellant and medicament and equipped with a metering valve. However, the inhalation device of the invention may comprise a dry powder dispensing device :in which the medicament is entrained in the air stream est:2blished by the patient's inspiratory effort. Examples c~f such devices are disclosed in our co-pending British Patent Application No. 8909891.7.
Suitable breath-actuated mechanisms for use in the inhaler are known and are described, for example, in European Patent No~ 147028. The breath-actuated mechanism requires a priming or cocking force which moves the aerosol conta_rler relative to the valve stem for dispensing when the breath-actuated mechanism has been actuated. In one arrangement of the invention the priming force may be provided by a cocking lever mounted 2023~Q7 through the protec:tive casing or may be provided by a screw arrangement Gr when the cover is displaced e.g. by a sliding, lever, g-eared or cam action or a combination thereof. Alternatively, access to a cocXing lever may be gained when the cover is displaced. The priming force may be applied directly to the aerosol container or to the valve e.g. via a nozzle block assembly. The priming force is preferab',~ applied by the cover which may be pivotally mounted to displace upwardly or downwardly to provide access to the mouthpiece. Generally the priming force applied by '~-~e cocking lever, cover etc., results in compression o~ ~ spring which moves the aerosol container relative to the valve when the breath-actuated mechanism is triyc~ered. When the inhaler is removed from the casing the prillling force may be applied manually by squeezing the aeroE:ol container and housing between thumb and finger in a s;luilar manner to a conventional press-and-breathe inhaler.
Alternatively, the inhaler may possess its own cocking lever to apply the primary force when the inhaler is removed from the casing. When the inhaler is within the casing the coc}:ing lever may be uncovered for use when the cover i~ clisplaced or may interact with the cover to prime the inhaler during displacement of the cover.
The inhaler ~,e; preferably capable of accommodating aerosol vials of d:fferent lengths to avoid the necessity of producing completely different devices for each size of vial. Different: length vials may be accommodated by forming the body ~ortion of the casing in two or more parts, one part be:ing in the form of a sleeve or shroud which envelops th~ base and at least part of the body of the aerosol vial. A series of such sleeves may be fabricated to cor~espond to different lengths of aerosol vials. Alternatively, the body portion of the casing may have an aperture t:hrough which the aerosol vial extends thereby obviating l:he need for producing a range of different size co-ml?onents.
2023~07 The inhaler preferably incorporates means to provide an indication of the number of doses dispensed and/or remaining in the aerosol container. The indication is preferably visual and the housing of the inhaler and optionally the prct:ective casing may have a transparent window or apertur2 for viewing.
The inventio~l will now be described with reference to the accompanyi~-~ drawings in which:
Figure 1 represents a vertical cross-section through a breath-actuated i.nhaler suitable for use in the inventlon, Figure 2 represents a vertical cross-section through the breath-actuated inhaler of Figure 1 during operation, Figure 3 represents a vertical cross-section through the breath-actuatecl inhaler of Figure 1 in the press-and-breathe mode, Figure 4 represents a vertical cross-section through an inhalation dev.i.c:e in accordance with the invention which comprises th.-:! breath-actuated inhaler of Figure 1 within a protecti.~c! casing, Figure 5 represents a vertical cross-section through the inhalation dev.i.ce of Figure 4 showing the cover displaced, Figures 6a ancl 6b represent a perspective view and a cross-section t:hrough an alternative inhalation device in accordance wit:h the invention, Figures 7a ancl 7b represent a perspective view and vertical cross-sec::t.ion through a further inhalation device in accordarlc:e with the invention, Figures 8a and 8b represent a vertical cross-section through the upper portion of a further inhalation device in accordance with the invention, Figures 9a allcl 9b represent a vertical cross-section through an upper portion of a further inhalation device in accordance wit~ the invention, and Figures lOa arld lOb represent a vertical cross-section through arl upper portion of a further inhalation device in accordarlc:e with the invention.
2~23~07 Referring to Figures 1 to 5, the breath-actuated inhaler comprises z. housing (2) incorporating a mouthpiece (4) anc~ contains a aerosol vial (6). The aerosol vial (6) may be of any suitable size and has a metering valve (not. shown) possessing a hollow valve stem (8). The valve stem (8) is held within a nozzle block (10) which has a passage (12) in communication with the mouthpiece (4). l~i.scharge of the metering valve is effected by relati.ve movement between the valve stem (8) and the aerosol vi2.1 (6).
The breath-act:uation mechanism comprises a vane (14) which is pivotall~ mounted within the mouthpiece ~4), a rocker element (15) which supports a catch (16) pivotally mounted on the roc~]~:er at (18). When the breath-actuated mechanism is in i~..s blocking position as shown in Figure 1 and a cocking ..orce is applied in the direction of the arrows A, movement of the aerosol vial (6) relative to the valve stem (8) is prevented. Such movement is blocked by the roc]cer element (15), which is prevented from pivotal movement by the catch (16) having a curved surface (17) engaqi.ng the curved surface (20) of the vane (14). Thus, when the inhaler is in its breath-actuated mode it is not po~.;sible to dispense from the aerosol vial before inhalation t:hrough the mouthpiece (4).
When a patiellt: inhales through the mouthpiece as shown in Figure 2, inhalation causes pivotal movement of the vane. The cur~ed surface (20) of the vane (14) and the curved surface (17) of the catch (16) effectively act as co-operating ro:l.ler surfaces. Pivotal movement of the vane causes the u:lved surface (20) to rotate in one direction resultinl,r in curved surface (17) of the catch rotating in the opposite direction. This displacement of the catch moves i~rom a blocking to an unblocking position allowing pivotal movement of the rocker element (15) which in turn allc~"s movement of the vial (6) relative to the valve stem (~ under the influence of the cocking pressure causing '.he valve to fire.
The inhaler a]so comprises a switch (22) which may convert the inhaler between a breath-actuated mode and a press-and-breathe mode as may be required for test firing. The switch (22) is pivotally mounted within the housing ~2) and conlprises a finger (24) which is capable of engaging the catch (16). When the switch (22) is in the breath-actuat~cl mode as shown in Figures 1 and 2 there is no engayement between the finger (24) and the catch (16). However, when the switch (22) is pivoted to the press-and-bre.lJ;:he mode as shown in Figure 3, the finger (24) engayes the catch (16), pivoting the catch (16) away from the vane (14) to its unblocking position thereby allowing ~ree movement of the aerosol vial (6) relative to the valve stem (8). In the press-and-breathe mode the valve may be fired at any time. During use the patient will be recluired to co-ordinate the cocking force and breathing in order to attain an effective dose. The vane (14) will siJnply pivot to the roof of the mouthpiece during inhalation~
The breath-act:uated inhaler additionally comprises means to provide an indication of the number of doses dispensed and/or arl indication of the number of doses remaining. The irldicator means comprises a ring (26) mounted for rotation about the aerosol vial, the ring having a pluralit; of circumferential teeth (28) which co-operate with a ~,lurality of tines (30) mounted on the housing. During tlle reciprocatory motion of the aerosol vial when the val~re is operated one or more of the tines (30) abuts a cam surface on one or more of the teeth (28) causing rotation of the ring (26) by a small increment.
Suitable indication markings are present on the side of the ring (26) which may be viewed through a transparent window (32) in the housing to provide the patient with an indication of the contents remaining. Examples of such means for providincl an indication of the contents of an inhaler are disc]o-;ed in our co-pending British Patent Application No. 8Cil3893.7~ dated 16th June, 1989.
202380~
Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings illustrate the breath-actuated inhaler of Figures l to 3 positioned within a protective casing generally shown at (34). The casing c:omprises a body portion (36) and a movable cover (3~:). The protective casing completely envelopes the inha]er preventing ingress of dust and other contaminates and provides robust protection against percussion damage should the inhalation device be dropped etc.
In the embodilllent shown in Figures 4 and 5 the movable cover (38) is pivoted about pivot point (40) and has a forward protecting extension (39) which when closed fills the gap between pivot (40) and the casing. As the cover is pivoted, t:his extension (39) acts as a cam (42) on the bar of the :inhaler and lifts it up against spring (48). After 90 of movement flange (44) is lifted above first step (45) on projection (46) on the protective cover and is retailled on second step, where it remains during remainder ~f cover movement. On closing, the cover disengages ~Iange (44) from step (45) and allows it to return to oriyirlal position. Thus, a patient may simply open the cnYer of the casing a`nd inhale through the mouthpiece to xeceive a dose of medicament.
The breath-act:uated inhaler is retained within the protective cover by a flange (44) on the housing engaging projection (46) on the interior of the protective cover.
The inhaler may simply be removed by pushing the inhaler upwards against the cockiny spring (48) until the flange (44) and projecticJr; (46) disengage and then the inhaler may be readily pulled from the protective casing.
The breath-ac1:uated inhaler may be inserted within the protective cover by fully opening the cover, pushing the top of the inhaler up against the cocking spring and inserting the base until the flange (44) engages the projection (46). h'hen the cover is closed the breath-actuated inhaler will automatically be converted to the 2023~07 breath-actuated mode, even if it is in the press-and-breathe mode, by flange (2S) on the cover pushing switch (22) to the kreath-actuated position.
It will be readily appreciated that the protective ca~ing may be constructed in a number of different configurations and it is not necessary for the opening of the cover to automatically apply a cocking force to the inhaler. The arrangement of Figure 6a and 6b comprises a body portion (36) and a cover (38) which is pivotally mounted about pivot point (40). Opening of the cover (38) does not apply a cocking force to the breath-actuated inhaler. Cocking lever (50) is provided at the top of the protective cover and is constructed and arranged such that upon pivoting the cocking lever (50) downward pressure is applied to the aerosol vial of the breath-actuated inhaler (Figure 6b).
Figures 7a and 7b illustrate an alternative form of protective casing comprising a body portion (36) and a movable cover (38) which is pivoted from a point at the top of the body portion and provides a cocking force to the inhaler as the cover (38) is opened.
Figures 8a and 8b of the accompanying drawings illustrate a breath-actuated inhaler in accordance with the invention in which the protective casing (34) may be modified to accommGdate aerosol vials of different length. The body portion (36) of the casing has an aperture (80) through which a shroud (82) extends which accommodates the aerosol vial (not shown). A series of shrouds (82) may be fabricated having different lengths in order to accomm~date various sizes of aerosol vial.
Whilst a cocking spring may be positioned within the top of the shroud (82), in a similar manner to the cocking spring (48 shown in Figure 4), to absorb and retain the cocking force applied when the cover (38) is opened (as descri~ed with reference to Figure 4) a cocking spring external of the shroud (82) may be 2023~07 employed. The shroud (82) is provided with a flange (84) ancl cocking sprinc,~ (86) is positioned around the shroud (82) extending between the flange (84) and a stop or the top of the protective casing (88). When the cover (38) is opened, the breath-actuated inhaler, together with the shroud (82) is lifted (Figure 8b) compressing cocking spring (86). Wher, the patient breathes through the mouthpiece (4), the breath-actuated mechanism is triggered moving the shroud (82) and aerosol vial downwards to fire the aerosol valve.
Figures 9a ancl 9b of the accompanying drawings illustrate an alternative cocking mechanism which may be incorporated into the protective casing of an inhalation device in accordanc:e with the invention, The body portion (36) of the protective casing may comprise a separate upper port:ion (90) which envelopes the end of the aerosol valve ~6). Cocking spring (48) is positioned within the upper portion of the casing (90) to act against the base o~ the aerosol vial (6). The upper portion (90) is ret:ained on the body portion (36) of the protective casing l~y complimentary flanges (92 and 94) which constitute a thread segment such that rotation of the upper portion l'90) in the direction of the arrow X
(Figure 9b) causes the upper portion (90) to move down the body portion l36) thereby compressing cocking spring (48) and applying t:he necessary cocking force for the breath-actuated mec:hanism.
Figures lOa arld lOb illustrate an inhalation device in accordance with the invention which incorporates the features of Figures 8 and 9. The top of the protective casing comprises all upper portion (90) through which extends a shroud ~;2) whose length is selected to accommodate the particular size of aerosol vial (6).
Cocking spring ~&6~ extends between flange (84) on the shroud and a stop or top (88) of the upper portion (90) and is compressed hy downward movement of the upper portion (90) upcn rotation in the direction of the arrow .
2023~07 X. When the patient breathes through the mouthpiece (not shown) the breath-actuated device is triggered and the shroud (82) mcves downwardly under the influence of the spring (86) thereby firing the aerosol valve.
In a further embodiment of the invention (not illustrated in the drawings) the shroud (82) shown in Figures 8 and lO ~ay be dispensed with and replaced by a circumferential flange extending around the aerosol vial, equivalent to flange (84), against which cocking spring (86) will act. The circumferential flange may be fabricated as a snap-on component around the aerosol vial e.g., in the region of the neck of the vial. This arrangement will obviate the need for fabricating a series of shrouds to accommodate the different sizes of aerosol vial, since the aerosol vial will simply extend through the top ol the protective casing.
~IELD OF THE INVENTION
This inventiGn relates to inhalation activatable dispensers for use with inhalers such as dry powder dispersers and aA,-osol container assemblies which contain medicaments for iAlhalation therapy, are pressurised with liquid propellants, and include a metering valve through which a series of metered medicament doses can be dispensed. In part:icular the invention relates to inhalation activatable dispensers which are removably retained within an outer casing.
BhS`];GROUND TO THE INVENTION
Inhalation activatable dispensers for use with aerosol container assemblies of the type described above are known, their g~neral purpose being to afford proper co-ordination of t:.he dispensing of a dose of medicament with the inhalati.oJ- of the patient thereby allowing the maximum proportion ol the dose of medicament to be drawn into the patient'-; bronchial passages. Examples of such dispensers are de~st:ribed in British Patent Specification Nos. 1,269,554, '.,335,378, 1,392,192 and 2,061,116 and United States Pat.el,t Nos. 3,456,644, 3,645,645, 3,456,646, 3,565,(i70, 3,598,294, 3,814,297, 3,605,738, 3,732,864, 3,636,~l9, 3,789,843 and 3,187,748 and German Patent No. 3,040,li~l1.
European Patelt No. 147C28 discloses an inhalation activatable dispencer for use with an aerosol container in which a latch l:;echanism releasing vane is pivotally mounted in an air ~assage between an aerosol outlet valve and a mouthpiece, ~hich latch mechanism cannot be released if force t:o activate the dispenser is not applied before a E~atient inhales.
The dispenser generally comprises a housing having a mouthpiece and an air passage therethrough terminating at the mouthpiece, the housing being adapted to receive an aerosol container ~aving a support block with a socket adapted to receive the stem of the valve of the aerosol container and a thl-ough orifice communicating between the 2023~7 socket and the ai1 passage, and latch means having parts movable between an engaged position in which movement of the container and 1:.he support block toward each other upon the applicaticn of a force to bias the container and the support bloc~ toward each other is prevented and a re:Lease positior. i.n which movement of the container and the support block t:oward each other in response to said force is permitted causing the stem to move to its inner discharge pOsitioll, the latch means comprising a vane mounted on the houciing in the air passageway between the orifice and the m~ thpiece for movement toward the mouthpiece under the influence of inhalation through the mouthpiece to releclse the latch means in which the vane moves toward the rl1outhpiece from a blocking to a non-blocXing position with respect to the passageway inresponse to inhali.ng at the mouthpiece and releases the latch means only d-lring the application of said force to bias the container. and support block toward each other.
This inhalati.on device has been received favourably by patients and doctors since it not only overcomes the hand-lung co-ordination problem but it does so at a very low triggering flow-rate (approximately 30 litres/minute) essentially silent.ly, and with a very compact design barely larger than a standard inhaler.
It is an obje.:t of the present invention to provide an inhalation activable dispenser within an outer casing.
BR-L~~.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore according to the present invention there is provided:
(i) a breath~actuated inhaler comprising a medicament reservoi.r mounted within a housing which comprises a mouthpi.ece and breath-actuation means which prevents dispensing from the reservoir until a patient inhales through the mouthpiece, and (ii) a protect.ive casing surrounding the breath actuated inhaler, the casing comprising a body portion and a movable cove:r which may be displaced to allow a patient access to the mouthpiece to use the breath-actuated inhaler ~lilst it is within the casing the 2023~7 breath-actuated inhaler bein~ removable from the protective casing and operable outside the casing.
The arrangemerlt of a removable breath-actuated inhaler within a protective casing has several advantages. The casing surrounds and preferably completely envelopes the inhaler preventing ingress of dust, water and other foreign bodies allowing the inhalation device i_o be readily carried in a pocket, handbag etc. The inhaler may be used without removing it from the casing b~l displacing the cover to allow patient access to the mGuthpiece. The casinq also protects the inhaler, particularly the breath-actuated mechanism, from direct damage and if the casing is damaged the inhaler will probably still function from within the casing.
However, if the caC,ing is subjected to severe damage the inhaler may be rel~c,ved and used in its breath-actuated mode outside the czsing. In a preferred embodiment the breath-actuated irll!aler comprises means to disable the breath-actuated m-chanism thereby allowing the inhaler to be used in a simple press-and-breathe mode which allows test firing.
DESCRIPX!ON OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The inhaler preferably comprises an aerosol vial containing a mixture of propellant and medicament and equipped with a metering valve. However, the inhalation device of the invention may comprise a dry powder dispensing device :in which the medicament is entrained in the air stream est:2blished by the patient's inspiratory effort. Examples c~f such devices are disclosed in our co-pending British Patent Application No. 8909891.7.
Suitable breath-actuated mechanisms for use in the inhaler are known and are described, for example, in European Patent No~ 147028. The breath-actuated mechanism requires a priming or cocking force which moves the aerosol conta_rler relative to the valve stem for dispensing when the breath-actuated mechanism has been actuated. In one arrangement of the invention the priming force may be provided by a cocking lever mounted 2023~Q7 through the protec:tive casing or may be provided by a screw arrangement Gr when the cover is displaced e.g. by a sliding, lever, g-eared or cam action or a combination thereof. Alternatively, access to a cocXing lever may be gained when the cover is displaced. The priming force may be applied directly to the aerosol container or to the valve e.g. via a nozzle block assembly. The priming force is preferab',~ applied by the cover which may be pivotally mounted to displace upwardly or downwardly to provide access to the mouthpiece. Generally the priming force applied by '~-~e cocking lever, cover etc., results in compression o~ ~ spring which moves the aerosol container relative to the valve when the breath-actuated mechanism is triyc~ered. When the inhaler is removed from the casing the prillling force may be applied manually by squeezing the aeroE:ol container and housing between thumb and finger in a s;luilar manner to a conventional press-and-breathe inhaler.
Alternatively, the inhaler may possess its own cocking lever to apply the primary force when the inhaler is removed from the casing. When the inhaler is within the casing the coc}:ing lever may be uncovered for use when the cover i~ clisplaced or may interact with the cover to prime the inhaler during displacement of the cover.
The inhaler ~,e; preferably capable of accommodating aerosol vials of d:fferent lengths to avoid the necessity of producing completely different devices for each size of vial. Different: length vials may be accommodated by forming the body ~ortion of the casing in two or more parts, one part be:ing in the form of a sleeve or shroud which envelops th~ base and at least part of the body of the aerosol vial. A series of such sleeves may be fabricated to cor~espond to different lengths of aerosol vials. Alternatively, the body portion of the casing may have an aperture t:hrough which the aerosol vial extends thereby obviating l:he need for producing a range of different size co-ml?onents.
2023~07 The inhaler preferably incorporates means to provide an indication of the number of doses dispensed and/or remaining in the aerosol container. The indication is preferably visual and the housing of the inhaler and optionally the prct:ective casing may have a transparent window or apertur2 for viewing.
The inventio~l will now be described with reference to the accompanyi~-~ drawings in which:
Figure 1 represents a vertical cross-section through a breath-actuated i.nhaler suitable for use in the inventlon, Figure 2 represents a vertical cross-section through the breath-actuated inhaler of Figure 1 during operation, Figure 3 represents a vertical cross-section through the breath-actuatecl inhaler of Figure 1 in the press-and-breathe mode, Figure 4 represents a vertical cross-section through an inhalation dev.i.c:e in accordance with the invention which comprises th.-:! breath-actuated inhaler of Figure 1 within a protecti.~c! casing, Figure 5 represents a vertical cross-section through the inhalation dev.i.ce of Figure 4 showing the cover displaced, Figures 6a ancl 6b represent a perspective view and a cross-section t:hrough an alternative inhalation device in accordance wit:h the invention, Figures 7a ancl 7b represent a perspective view and vertical cross-sec::t.ion through a further inhalation device in accordarlc:e with the invention, Figures 8a and 8b represent a vertical cross-section through the upper portion of a further inhalation device in accordance with the invention, Figures 9a allcl 9b represent a vertical cross-section through an upper portion of a further inhalation device in accordance wit~ the invention, and Figures lOa arld lOb represent a vertical cross-section through arl upper portion of a further inhalation device in accordarlc:e with the invention.
2~23~07 Referring to Figures 1 to 5, the breath-actuated inhaler comprises z. housing (2) incorporating a mouthpiece (4) anc~ contains a aerosol vial (6). The aerosol vial (6) may be of any suitable size and has a metering valve (not. shown) possessing a hollow valve stem (8). The valve stem (8) is held within a nozzle block (10) which has a passage (12) in communication with the mouthpiece (4). l~i.scharge of the metering valve is effected by relati.ve movement between the valve stem (8) and the aerosol vi2.1 (6).
The breath-act:uation mechanism comprises a vane (14) which is pivotall~ mounted within the mouthpiece ~4), a rocker element (15) which supports a catch (16) pivotally mounted on the roc~]~:er at (18). When the breath-actuated mechanism is in i~..s blocking position as shown in Figure 1 and a cocking ..orce is applied in the direction of the arrows A, movement of the aerosol vial (6) relative to the valve stem (8) is prevented. Such movement is blocked by the roc]cer element (15), which is prevented from pivotal movement by the catch (16) having a curved surface (17) engaqi.ng the curved surface (20) of the vane (14). Thus, when the inhaler is in its breath-actuated mode it is not po~.;sible to dispense from the aerosol vial before inhalation t:hrough the mouthpiece (4).
When a patiellt: inhales through the mouthpiece as shown in Figure 2, inhalation causes pivotal movement of the vane. The cur~ed surface (20) of the vane (14) and the curved surface (17) of the catch (16) effectively act as co-operating ro:l.ler surfaces. Pivotal movement of the vane causes the u:lved surface (20) to rotate in one direction resultinl,r in curved surface (17) of the catch rotating in the opposite direction. This displacement of the catch moves i~rom a blocking to an unblocking position allowing pivotal movement of the rocker element (15) which in turn allc~"s movement of the vial (6) relative to the valve stem (~ under the influence of the cocking pressure causing '.he valve to fire.
The inhaler a]so comprises a switch (22) which may convert the inhaler between a breath-actuated mode and a press-and-breathe mode as may be required for test firing. The switch (22) is pivotally mounted within the housing ~2) and conlprises a finger (24) which is capable of engaging the catch (16). When the switch (22) is in the breath-actuat~cl mode as shown in Figures 1 and 2 there is no engayement between the finger (24) and the catch (16). However, when the switch (22) is pivoted to the press-and-bre.lJ;:he mode as shown in Figure 3, the finger (24) engayes the catch (16), pivoting the catch (16) away from the vane (14) to its unblocking position thereby allowing ~ree movement of the aerosol vial (6) relative to the valve stem (8). In the press-and-breathe mode the valve may be fired at any time. During use the patient will be recluired to co-ordinate the cocking force and breathing in order to attain an effective dose. The vane (14) will siJnply pivot to the roof of the mouthpiece during inhalation~
The breath-act:uated inhaler additionally comprises means to provide an indication of the number of doses dispensed and/or arl indication of the number of doses remaining. The irldicator means comprises a ring (26) mounted for rotation about the aerosol vial, the ring having a pluralit; of circumferential teeth (28) which co-operate with a ~,lurality of tines (30) mounted on the housing. During tlle reciprocatory motion of the aerosol vial when the val~re is operated one or more of the tines (30) abuts a cam surface on one or more of the teeth (28) causing rotation of the ring (26) by a small increment.
Suitable indication markings are present on the side of the ring (26) which may be viewed through a transparent window (32) in the housing to provide the patient with an indication of the contents remaining. Examples of such means for providincl an indication of the contents of an inhaler are disc]o-;ed in our co-pending British Patent Application No. 8Cil3893.7~ dated 16th June, 1989.
202380~
Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings illustrate the breath-actuated inhaler of Figures l to 3 positioned within a protective casing generally shown at (34). The casing c:omprises a body portion (36) and a movable cover (3~:). The protective casing completely envelopes the inha]er preventing ingress of dust and other contaminates and provides robust protection against percussion damage should the inhalation device be dropped etc.
In the embodilllent shown in Figures 4 and 5 the movable cover (38) is pivoted about pivot point (40) and has a forward protecting extension (39) which when closed fills the gap between pivot (40) and the casing. As the cover is pivoted, t:his extension (39) acts as a cam (42) on the bar of the :inhaler and lifts it up against spring (48). After 90 of movement flange (44) is lifted above first step (45) on projection (46) on the protective cover and is retailled on second step, where it remains during remainder ~f cover movement. On closing, the cover disengages ~Iange (44) from step (45) and allows it to return to oriyirlal position. Thus, a patient may simply open the cnYer of the casing a`nd inhale through the mouthpiece to xeceive a dose of medicament.
The breath-act:uated inhaler is retained within the protective cover by a flange (44) on the housing engaging projection (46) on the interior of the protective cover.
The inhaler may simply be removed by pushing the inhaler upwards against the cockiny spring (48) until the flange (44) and projecticJr; (46) disengage and then the inhaler may be readily pulled from the protective casing.
The breath-ac1:uated inhaler may be inserted within the protective cover by fully opening the cover, pushing the top of the inhaler up against the cocking spring and inserting the base until the flange (44) engages the projection (46). h'hen the cover is closed the breath-actuated inhaler will automatically be converted to the 2023~07 breath-actuated mode, even if it is in the press-and-breathe mode, by flange (2S) on the cover pushing switch (22) to the kreath-actuated position.
It will be readily appreciated that the protective ca~ing may be constructed in a number of different configurations and it is not necessary for the opening of the cover to automatically apply a cocking force to the inhaler. The arrangement of Figure 6a and 6b comprises a body portion (36) and a cover (38) which is pivotally mounted about pivot point (40). Opening of the cover (38) does not apply a cocking force to the breath-actuated inhaler. Cocking lever (50) is provided at the top of the protective cover and is constructed and arranged such that upon pivoting the cocking lever (50) downward pressure is applied to the aerosol vial of the breath-actuated inhaler (Figure 6b).
Figures 7a and 7b illustrate an alternative form of protective casing comprising a body portion (36) and a movable cover (38) which is pivoted from a point at the top of the body portion and provides a cocking force to the inhaler as the cover (38) is opened.
Figures 8a and 8b of the accompanying drawings illustrate a breath-actuated inhaler in accordance with the invention in which the protective casing (34) may be modified to accommGdate aerosol vials of different length. The body portion (36) of the casing has an aperture (80) through which a shroud (82) extends which accommodates the aerosol vial (not shown). A series of shrouds (82) may be fabricated having different lengths in order to accomm~date various sizes of aerosol vial.
Whilst a cocking spring may be positioned within the top of the shroud (82), in a similar manner to the cocking spring (48 shown in Figure 4), to absorb and retain the cocking force applied when the cover (38) is opened (as descri~ed with reference to Figure 4) a cocking spring external of the shroud (82) may be 2023~07 employed. The shroud (82) is provided with a flange (84) ancl cocking sprinc,~ (86) is positioned around the shroud (82) extending between the flange (84) and a stop or the top of the protective casing (88). When the cover (38) is opened, the breath-actuated inhaler, together with the shroud (82) is lifted (Figure 8b) compressing cocking spring (86). Wher, the patient breathes through the mouthpiece (4), the breath-actuated mechanism is triggered moving the shroud (82) and aerosol vial downwards to fire the aerosol valve.
Figures 9a ancl 9b of the accompanying drawings illustrate an alternative cocking mechanism which may be incorporated into the protective casing of an inhalation device in accordanc:e with the invention, The body portion (36) of the protective casing may comprise a separate upper port:ion (90) which envelopes the end of the aerosol valve ~6). Cocking spring (48) is positioned within the upper portion of the casing (90) to act against the base o~ the aerosol vial (6). The upper portion (90) is ret:ained on the body portion (36) of the protective casing l~y complimentary flanges (92 and 94) which constitute a thread segment such that rotation of the upper portion l'90) in the direction of the arrow X
(Figure 9b) causes the upper portion (90) to move down the body portion l36) thereby compressing cocking spring (48) and applying t:he necessary cocking force for the breath-actuated mec:hanism.
Figures lOa arld lOb illustrate an inhalation device in accordance with the invention which incorporates the features of Figures 8 and 9. The top of the protective casing comprises all upper portion (90) through which extends a shroud ~;2) whose length is selected to accommodate the particular size of aerosol vial (6).
Cocking spring ~&6~ extends between flange (84) on the shroud and a stop or top (88) of the upper portion (90) and is compressed hy downward movement of the upper portion (90) upcn rotation in the direction of the arrow .
2023~07 X. When the patient breathes through the mouthpiece (not shown) the breath-actuated device is triggered and the shroud (82) mcves downwardly under the influence of the spring (86) thereby firing the aerosol valve.
In a further embodiment of the invention (not illustrated in the drawings) the shroud (82) shown in Figures 8 and lO ~ay be dispensed with and replaced by a circumferential flange extending around the aerosol vial, equivalent to flange (84), against which cocking spring (86) will act. The circumferential flange may be fabricated as a snap-on component around the aerosol vial e.g., in the region of the neck of the vial. This arrangement will obviate the need for fabricating a series of shrouds to accommodate the different sizes of aerosol vial, since the aerosol vial will simply extend through the top ol the protective casing.
Claims (14)
1. An inhalation device comprising:
(i) a breath-actuated inhaler comprising a medicament reservoir mounted within a housing which comprises a mouthpiece and breath-actuation means which prevents dispensing from the reservoir until a patient inhales through the mouthpiece, and, (ii) a protective casing surrounding the breath actuated inhaler, the casing comprising a body portion and a movable cover which may be displaced to allow a patient access to the mouthpiece to use the breath-actuated inhaler whilst it is within the casing, the breath-actuated inhaler being removable from the protective casing and operable outside the casing.
(i) a breath-actuated inhaler comprising a medicament reservoir mounted within a housing which comprises a mouthpiece and breath-actuation means which prevents dispensing from the reservoir until a patient inhales through the mouthpiece, and, (ii) a protective casing surrounding the breath actuated inhaler, the casing comprising a body portion and a movable cover which may be displaced to allow a patient access to the mouthpiece to use the breath-actuated inhaler whilst it is within the casing, the breath-actuated inhaler being removable from the protective casing and operable outside the casing.
2. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the protective casing completely envelopes the inhaler.
3. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the inhaler comprises an aerosol vial containing propellant and medicament and equipped with a dispensing valve.
4. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the movable cover is mounted for movement about a pivot point positioned towards the top of the protective casing.
5. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the movable cover is mounted for movement about a pivot point positioned towards the bottom of the protective casing .
6. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the protective casing additionally comprises means for applying a cocking force to the breath-actuated inhaler.
7. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the means for applying the cocking force comprises a lever separate from the movable cover.
8. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the means for applying the cocking force comprises the movable cover.
9. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the means for applying the cocking force comprises an upper portion of the protective casing which is mounted on the remainder of the body portion by a screw thread arrangement, rotation of the upper portion causing movement thereof along the body portion.
10. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the breath-actuated inhaler comprises means to switch the inhaler from the breath-actuated mode to a press-and-breathe mode.
11. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 10 which is constructed and arranged such that the inhaler is converted to and maintained in a breath-actuated inhaler upon insertion into the protective casing.
12. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the breath-actuated inhaler additionally comprises means for providing an indication of the contents dispensed and/or remaining in the aerosol container.
13. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the inhaler comprises an aerosol vial and the protective casing comprises a shroud surrounding the aerosol vial.
14. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 13 wherein the shroud is movable within the remainder of the protective casing and spring biased to urge the aerosol vial towards a firing position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB89.19131 | 1989-08-23 | ||
| GB898919131A GB8919131D0 (en) | 1989-08-23 | 1989-08-23 | Inhaler |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2023807A1 true CA2023807A1 (en) | 1991-02-24 |
Family
ID=10661986
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002023807A Abandoned CA2023807A1 (en) | 1989-08-23 | 1990-08-22 | Inhaler |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5069204A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0414536B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH03170165A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR910004213A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE99553T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2023807A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69005738T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0414536T3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8919131D0 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ235008A (en) |
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-
1989
- 1989-08-23 GB GB898919131A patent/GB8919131D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-08-17 US US07/569,071 patent/US5069204A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-22 NZ NZ235008A patent/NZ235008A/en unknown
- 1990-08-22 CA CA002023807A patent/CA2023807A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-08-23 DK DK90309239.3T patent/DK0414536T3/en active
- 1990-08-23 EP EP90309239A patent/EP0414536B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-23 JP JP2222330A patent/JPH03170165A/en active Pending
- 1990-08-23 KR KR1019900012992A patent/KR910004213A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-08-23 AT AT90309239T patent/ATE99553T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-23 DE DE69005738T patent/DE69005738T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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|---|---|
| DK0414536T3 (en) | 1994-05-16 |
| EP0414536A3 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
| DE69005738D1 (en) | 1994-02-17 |
| GB8919131D0 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
| NZ235008A (en) | 1993-12-23 |
| DE69005738T2 (en) | 1994-07-28 |
| EP0414536B1 (en) | 1994-01-05 |
| EP0414536A2 (en) | 1991-02-27 |
| KR910004213A (en) | 1991-03-28 |
| JPH03170165A (en) | 1991-07-23 |
| US5069204A (en) | 1991-12-03 |
| ATE99553T1 (en) | 1994-01-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |