CA2053272C - Device for administering an active agent to the skin or mucosa - Google Patents
Device for administering an active agent to the skin or mucosaInfo
- Publication number
- CA2053272C CA2053272C CA002053272A CA2053272A CA2053272C CA 2053272 C CA2053272 C CA 2053272C CA 002053272 A CA002053272 A CA 002053272A CA 2053272 A CA2053272 A CA 2053272A CA 2053272 C CA2053272 C CA 2053272C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- adhesive
- peelable
- membrane
- active agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960005084 calcitriol Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-NKMMMXOESA-N calcitriol Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-NKMMMXOESA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000020964 calcitriol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011612 calcitriol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- AIKVCUNQWYTVTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicardipine hydrochloride Chemical group Cl.COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCCN(C)CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 AIKVCUNQWYTVTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002289 nicardipine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N codeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1S(=O)CC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NHXLMOGPVYXJNR-ATOGVRKGSA-N somatostatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NHXLMOGPVYXJNR-ATOGVRKGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000553 somatostatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N spironolactone Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)CCC(=O)C=C4C[C@H]([C@@H]13)SC(=O)C)C[C@@]21CCC(=O)O1 LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002256 spironolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000195 terbutaline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000351 terfenadine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003451 thiazide diuretic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003106 tissue adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003204 tranquilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002936 tranquilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940100640 transdermal system Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CBEQULMOCCWAQT-WOJGMQOQSA-N triprolidine Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(\C=1N=CC=CC=1)=C/CN1CCCC1 CBEQULMOCCWAQT-WOJGMQOQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001128 triprolidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007666 vacuum forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001722 verapamil Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/02—Adhesive plasters or dressings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
- A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
- A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
- A61K9/7084—Transdermal patches having a drug layer or reservoir, and one or more separate drug-free skin-adhesive layers, e.g. between drug reservoir and skin, or surrounding the drug reservoir; Liquid-filled reservoir patches
Abstract
A transdermal drug delivery device (11) comprising a drug formulation-containing reservoir (13) defined by a backing layer (12) and a drug-permeable membrane layer (16), a peelable inner liner (20) that underlies the reservoir and a portion of the backing/
membrane outwardly of the reservoir periphery, an adhesive layer (15) that underlies the inner liner and outwardly extending portions of the membrane/backing layers, and a peelable release liner layer (17) that underlies the adhesive layer with a first permanent heat seal (18) between the backing and the membrane about the perimeter of the reservoir and another peelable (impermanent) heat seal (19) between the membrane and the inner liner underlying the first permanent heat seal, the heat seals and peelable barrier layer providing barriers that isolate the drug formulation from the adhesive.
membrane outwardly of the reservoir periphery, an adhesive layer (15) that underlies the inner liner and outwardly extending portions of the membrane/backing layers, and a peelable release liner layer (17) that underlies the adhesive layer with a first permanent heat seal (18) between the backing and the membrane about the perimeter of the reservoir and another peelable (impermanent) heat seal (19) between the membrane and the inner liner underlying the first permanent heat seal, the heat seals and peelable barrier layer providing barriers that isolate the drug formulation from the adhesive.
Description
2~53272 DEVICE FOR ADMINISTERING AN ACTIVE AGENT
TO THE SKIN OR MUCOSA
Description Technical Field This invention is in the field of transdermal/
15 transmucosal administration of active agents (drugs).
More particularly it relates to a device for achieving such administration comprising an active agent-containing reservoir and an adhesive layer for affixing the device to the skin or mucosa in which the adhesive layer is peri-20 pheral to the path of the active agent to the skin or mucosa and is protected from degradation by the components of the reservoir by a multiplicity of heat seals.
Background of the Invention There are many patents describing devices for administering drugs through the skin or mucosa. These devices are commonly in the form of a laminated composite that includes a reservoir layer containing the drug, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer for attaching the 30 composite to the skin, and a backing layer that forms theupper layer of the device. Depending upon the particular drug and drug formulation involved, the reservoir layer may be a matrix in which the drug formulation is dispersed or a layer in the form of a walled container which holds 35 the drug formulation. Container-type reservoirs are often formed as a pocket between the backing layer and a drug-permeable basal membrane through which the drug passes to the skin. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer normally underlies the membrane and the drug also passes through it on its way to the skin.
Devices having container-type reservoirs with underlying pressure sensitive adhesive layers have significant disadvantages when one or more components of the drug formulation that are released from the reservoir to the skin are solvents for the adhesive or otherwise adversely effect the properties of the adhesive as they pass through it to the skin. In such cases those reser-voir component(s) cannot be permitted to pass through the adhesive and means must be found to isolate the adhesive from them. Further, in such devices the drug partitions into the adhesive and alters drug release characteristics over prolonged storage. The present invention provides a device design in which the adhesive is peripheral to the path of the drug formulation and is isolated from the drug formulation by a peelable barrier disc and a multiplicity of heat seals between selected layers of the device.
At least one other transdermal drug delivery device design has been proposed which involves an adhesive layer that is peripheral to the path of the drug to the skin. U.S. Patent No. 4,573,996 describes a device that has both a drug-permeable adhesive layer in the path of the drug and a peripheral drug-impermeable adhesive layer that is not in the path of the drug. The purpose of the peripheral adhesive layer is to provide a site for handling the device which avoids the risks of altering the drug path or contaminating the fingers with drug. Figure 6 of the patent shows a multi-layer laminated composite composed of ~1) a backing layer, (2) a drug permeable mem-brane underlying the backing that forms with the backing a pocket that serves as a drug-containing reservoir, (3) a drug-permeable adhesive layer directly underlying the ~3~ 2053272 membrane, (4) a ring-shaped drug-impermeable adhesive layer adjacent and peripheral to the drug-permeable adhe-sive layer, and (5) a basal removable protective layer.
The combination of a heat seal between the backing and the membrane at the edge of the reservoir and the peripheral drug-impermeable adhesive layer prevents radial or hori-zontal migration of the drug from the reservoir. This patented device is distinct from the device of the present invention in several respects. The patented device does not involve the problem of keeping drug formulation components isolated from the adhesive layer. In the patented device, the drug passes through the drug-permeable adhesive layer. There is only a single heat seal shown in the patented device. And, the single heat lS seal is not used to isolate the drug formulation from either adhesive layer.
The present invention is also unique in that it employs two peelable layers, a permanent heat seal and a peelable heat seal in a manner that permits the creation of a peripheral ring of adhesive when the two peelable layers are removed from the device.
The presently claimed devices are variations of the devices described in U.S. Patent No. 4,849,224. They differ from the devices in one or both of (1) the relative locations of the permanent and peelable heat seals and (2) the manner in which the first and second peelable layers are bonded together.
Disclosure of the Invention The invention is a device for administering an active agent to the skin or mucosa of an individual comprising a laminated composite of (a) a backing layer;
(b) an active agent-permeable membrane, the backing layer and membrane defining ~53~72 (c) a reservoir therebetween that contains a formulation of the active agent, said reservoir having a smaller periphery than the backing layer and membrane such that a portion of the backing layer and membrane extends outwardly of the periphery of the reservoir;
(d) a first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer that underlies the reservoir and a portion of said outwardly extending portion of the backing layer and membrane;
(e) an adhesive layer that underlies and covers the first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer and said outwardly extending portion of the backing layer and membrane;
(f) a second peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer that underlies and covers the adhesive layer;
(g) a permanent heat seal about the periphery of the reservoir between the backing layer and the membrane; and (h) a peelable heat seal between the membrane and the first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer located underneath and at a position directly underlying that of the permanent heat seal, said permanent and peelable heat seals providing barriers to migration of components of the active agent formulation from the reservoir into the adhesive layer and said first and second peelable active agent impermeable layers being bonded together such that when the second peelable layer is removed from the device the peelable heat seal is broken and the first peelable layer and underlying portion of the adhesive layer is removed therewith.
Brief Description of the Drawing Figure 1 is an enlarged sectional view of one embodiment of the invention.
~5~ 20~3272 Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 1 after the second and first peelable layers have been peeled off the remainder of the embodiment.
Figures 3 and 4 are enlarged sectional views of a portion of other embodiments depicting alternative means for affixing the first and second peelable layers together.
The drawings are not to scale and like parts are referred to by like reference numerals in the various figures.
Modes for Carrying Out the Invention The drawing shows a device, generally designated 11, that is an embodiment of the invention that is designed to administer a formulation of a drug and/or a permeation enhancer that is a solvent for pressure sensi-tive adhesives that are commonly used in transdermal delivery devices. Device 11 is designed to place the adhesive out of the path of the enhancer-drug formulation and to prohibit radial or horizontal migration of the drug/enhancer into the adhesive. Device 11 is a laminated composite. The uppermost layer of the composite is a heat-sealable backing film 12 having an inverted, cup-shaped recess 13 that serves as a container or reservoirfor a drug-enhancer formulation 14. ~nderlying the reservoir and all or a portion of the part of the backing layer outwardly of the reservoir is a membrane layer 16 that is permeable to the drug-enhancer formulation. An inner peel sealable liner 20 underlies the membrane layer and extends outwardly of the periphery of the reservoir.
The next layer in the composite is a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 15 that underlies the inner peel sealable liner and the portion of the backinq layer that extends outwardly of the edge of the liner. Finally a peelable adhesive release liner layer 17 covers the entire under-side of the assembly and forms the basal surface of the device. There are a minimum of two concentric heat seals in the composite. The first is at 18 between the membrane and the backing. It extends completely around the peri-meter of the reservoir and forms a permanent seal between the backing film and membrane. The second is at 19 and is between the outer edge of the inner peel sealable liner and the membrane and forms a peelable (impermanent) seal between the membrane and inner liner. It is underneath the first heat seal and at a radius not less than that of the first heat seal. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, it is located vertically in line with the first heat seal.
These seals prevent the drug/enhancer formulation from migrating into the adhesive during storage. After the release liner is removed, the first heat seal prevents such migration during wearing. The width of the seals will usually be in the range of 0.05 cm to 1.0 cm. The peel strength between the adhesive layer and the release liner layer is greater than the force required to break the peelable seal at 19. Thus, when the release liner is peeled from the underside of the assembly the peelable seal is broken and the adhesive layer peripheral to the inner peel sealable liner is cut by the edge of that liner as the release liner and peel sealable liner 20 are removed, leaving the portion of the adhesive between liners 17 and 20 and creating a peripheral ring of adhe-sive underlying the membrane and backing peripheral to the reservoir (see Figure 2). Alternatively, the release liner and the inner peel sealable liner may be bonded together (e.g., by permanent adhesive or mechanical bonding) such that removal of the release liner results in simultaneous removal of the inner liner. Figures 3 and 4 depict such alternative bonding means. These means are also described in Examples 5 and 6, infra. In Figure 3 the means is a metal staple 21 that passes vertically ~7~ 20~3272 through the first peelable layer 20, the underlying adhesive layer 15 and the second peelable (release) layer 17 just inwardly of the edge of layer 20. Corres-pondingly, in Figure 4 the means is a plastic rivet 22 that is similarly passed through the three mentioned layers.
When device 11 is placed into use, the release liner layer 17 and inner liner 20 are peeled away from the underside of the device and discarded. This operation directly exposes the undersurfaces of the membrane and the peripheral ring of adhesive layer and the device can be placed on a desired site on the skin or mucosa of the individual to be treated with the active agent.
In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 the second impermeable heat seal is formed between the membrane and inner liner. It will be appreciated in this regard that additional heat-sealable layers could be included in the device between any of the component layers that are part of the membrane, backing or inner liner, as the case may be.
The invention device is useful when one or more of the components of the active agent formulation is incompatible with available adhesives that are useful for removably attaching elements to the skin or mucosa. The term incompatible' is intended to mean that through physical and/or chemical interaction of the component(s) with the adhesive the adhesiveness or other desirable properties (e.g., nonirritancy) of the adhesive are significantly destroyed or impaired. The drug itself may be such a component or a carrier, solvent, skin permeation enhancing agent or other additive may be such a component.
Also, this design prevents migration of drug into the adhesive which otherwise alters drug release character-istics over prolonged storage.
The backing layer 12 of the device may be composed of a single film or a plurality of films. In any 20~3272 event, its inner surface must be capable of being heat sealed to the membrane. One or more of the films that constitute the layer will be impermeable to components of the drug formulation contained in the reservoir. Examples of materials used as backing layers in transdermal delivery devices that may find use in the present invention are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene vinylacetate, polyethylene terephthalate, and combinations thereof. The layer may include one or more metal layers and/or one or more fibrous layers.
The reservoir pocket in the backing may be formed by vacuum forming or other like methods of forming desired shapes in films.
The term ~Idrugl~ as used to describe the principal active ingredient of the device intends a bio-logically active compound or mixture of compounds that has a therapeutic, prophylactic or other beneficial pharma-cological and/or physiological effect on the wearer of the device. Examples of types of drugs that may be used in the invention device are antiinflammatory drugs, analgesics, antiarthritic drugs, antispasmodics, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, tranquilizers, antianxiety drugs, narcotic antagonists, antiparkinsonism agents, cholinergic agonists, anticancer drugs, immunosuppression agents, antiviral agents, antibiotic agents, appetite suppressants, antiemetics, anticholinergics, antihistamines, antimigraine agents, coronary, cerebral or peripheral vasodilators, hormonal agents, contraceptive agents, antithrombotic agents, diuretics, antihypertensive agents, cardiovascular drugs, and the like. The appropriate drugs of such types are capable of permeating through the skin either inherently or by virtue of treatment of the skin with a percutaneous absorption enhancer. Because the size of the device is limited for patient acceptance reasons, the preferred drugs are those that are effective at low concentration in the blood stream. Examples of specific drugs are steroids such as estradiol, progesterone, norgestrel, levonor-gestrel, norethindrone, medroxyprogestrone acetate, testosterone and their esters, nitro-compounds such as nitroglycerine and isosorbide nitrates, nicotine, chlor-pheniramine, terfenadine, triprolidine, hydrocortisone, oxicam derivatives such as piroxicam, ketoprofen, mucopolysaccharidases such as thiomucase, buprenorphine, fentanyl, naloxone, codeine, dihydroergotamine, pizo-tiline, salbutamol, terbutaline, prostaglandins such asmisoprostol and enprostil, omeprazole, imipramine, benzamides such as metoclopramine, scopolamine, peptides such as growth releasing factor and somatostatin, clonidine, dihydropyridines such as nifedipine, verapamil, ephedrine, pindolol, metoprolol, spironolactone, nicar-dipine hydrochloride, calcitriol, thiazides such as hydrochlorothiazide, flunarizine, sydononimines such as molsidomine, sulfated polysaccharides such as heparin fractions and the salts of such compounds with pharma-ceutically acceptable acids or bases, as the case may be.
Depending upon the inherent permeability of theskin to the particular drug or drugs being administered by the device, the reservoir may also contain a percutaneous absorption enhancer that increases the permeability of the skin to the drug(s) and is coadministered to the skin.
Examples of percutaneous absorption enhancers are those referred to in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,989,816, 4,316,893, 4,405,616, 4,060,084, and 4,379,454 and J Pharm Sci (1975) 64:901-024. The formulation contained in the reservoir may also include solvent(s), gelling agents, stabilizers, and other additives. As indicated previously one or more of these components or a combination of these components is incompatible with the adhesive.
The membrane is permeable to the dru~. It may be a "dense' membrane made of a material that is inher-ently permeable to the components of the reservoir that are to be administered to the skin or mucosa or it may be made of a microporous material whose pores are filled with a drug-permeable material including the drug-enhancer formulation itself. In the case of dense membranes, the component(s) dissolve in the material and diffuse through the material to the skin. In the case of microporous materials the component(s) diffuse through the pores to the skin. The membrane may or may not be a rate-controlling element depending upon the particular drug involved, the permeability of the skin to the drug, and the rate of delivery required to provide therapy.
Examples of materials for making dense membranes are given in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,598,122 and 4,650,484. Examples of materials for making microporous membranes are provided in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,797,494 and 4,031,894.
The adhesive layer is composed of a pressure sensitive surgical adhesive such as those that are commonly used to affix transdermal drug delivery devices, bandages or other dressings to the skin. Examples of such adhesives are polyisobutene, natural rubber adhesives, acrylic and methacrylic adhesives, and silicone adhesives.
The release liner layer 17 and inner liner 20 may be composed of a single layer or a multiplicity of layers. They should be (1) impermeable to the components of the drug formulation that diffuse through the membrane, (2) heat-sealable in the case of the inner liner, and (3) inherently strippable or peelable or rendered so by techniques such as silicon or fluorocarbon treatment or surface treatment with a seal incompatible ~ayer. An example of a film having such properties is Bertek 4418 Peelable Seal.
The respective components of the device may be formulated and assembled using procedures that are known in the drug formulation, transdermal device, and lami-nating arts. The shape of the device is not critical, anddevices of preformed shapes may be assembled directly or --ll--punched, cut, or otherwise formed from large sheets of laminated composite.
The following examples further illustrate the invention. These examples are not intended to limit the invention in any manner.
Examples Example 1 A silicone adhesive is prepared by mixing Dow Corning 355 Medical Adhesive with Dow Corning 360 Medical Fluid (10,000 cps) to provide 20% (wt/wt) Medical fluid in the final adhesive. The adhesive/medical fluid mixture is coated onto an Akrosil Biorelease release liner using a 10 mil gap casting knife and the adhesive solvent is evaporated at 80~C for 15 min to provide a final dry adhesive coating thickness of 0.0025 inches. A peelable heat seal disc (Bertek 4418) is then die cut into a 1.375 inch diameter circular disc which is positioned onto the adhesive surface of above adhesive-coated release liner with the peelable heat seal surface facing outward. A
0.002 inch thick microporous membrane (3M, MSP-61588) is then laminated over the entire surface of the above adhesive/release liner/peelable disc structure to form a membrane/peelable disc/adhesive/release liner laminate (Ll).
The backing film (Scotchpak 1012) is pressure formed to provide a 5 cm2 surface area and a 0.4 cc volume circular shaped cup.
A gelled calcitriol/enhancer reservoir formu-lation is prepared by mixing sufficient amounts of calcitriol and Klucel HF~i with a 67.S%/21.75%/7.5~/3.25~
(volume percent) mixture of ethanol/water/glycerine/methyl laurate to provide a 100 ug/ml calcitriol concentration and a 1.5% Klucel HF-T~ gel.
20~3272 To fabricate a clacitriol system, 0.4 ml of the gelled calcitriol formulation is pipetted onto the micro-porous membrane surface of the Ll laminate coinciding with the exact center of the peelable disc underlying the membrane. The backing film is then placed over the Ll laminate such that the pre-formed cup on the backing film is situated over the drug/enhancer gel. The backing film is then heat sealed to the Ll laminate using a 0.9934 inch diameter circular heat seal die with a 0.0787 inch width heat sealing zone at 320 C with 30 PSI pressure for 0.5 seconds. The single heat sealing step creates the permanent heat seal between the backing film and micro-porous membrane layers, and simultaneously forms the peelable seal between the microporous membrane and the peelable disc directly underneath the permanent seal.
The backing film is then sealed to the microporous membrane in the outer area peripheral to the drug-enhancer reservoir with a heated plate. Finally, a 20 cm2 (overall surface area) calcitriol system is die cut from the heat sealed structure using a steel rule die.
The peel force between the silicone adhesive and the release liner is greater than the force necessary to break the peelable seal between the membrane and the peel-able disc. Therefore, when the release liner is peeled away from the system, the peelable disc is removed with the release liner exposing the 5 cm2 microporous membrane drug-enhancer delivery surface area and creating the peripheral adhesive pattern. The in vitro steady state calcitriol skin flux is determined using the methods of Merritt and Cooper (J. Controlled Release 1:161, 1984) to be 1 ug/cm2day.
-13- 20~3272 Example 2 A membrane/peelable disc/adhesive/release liner laminate (L1) is prepared as described in Example 1 using a Scotchpak 1022 release liner in place of the Akrosil Biorelease release liner.
A pindolol-enhancer gel formulation is prepared by mixing adequate quantities of pindolol HCl and Klucel HF~ with a mixture consisting of 50%/39%/10~/1% (volume percent) ethanol/water/glycerine/glycerol monooleate to provide a gel with a final pindolol concentration of 65 mg/cc and Klucel level of 1.5% (wt/wt).
The pindolol-enhancer gel is pipetted (0.4 ml) onto the Ll laminate and a Scotchpak 1012 backing film (0.4 ml cup previously formed) is positioned over the laminate. The backing film is then heat sealed to the L1 laminate and a final system is die cut as described in Example 1. When the release liner is peeled from the system, the peel force between the adhesive and release liner is greater than the force necessary to break the peelable seal between the peelable disc and the micro-porous membrane. The peelable disc is thus removed from the system with the release liner, creating the peripheral adhesive and exposing the drug-enhancer delivery surface area. The in vitro pindolol skin flux from the system is determined using the methods of Merritt and Cooper, supra, to be 33 ug/cm2/hr.
Example 3 An Ll laminate is prepared as described in Example 1 using a polyisobutylene (PIB) adhesive in place of the silicone adhesive and a Daubert C-150 release liner in place of the Akrosil Biorelease release liner. A
nicardipine-enhancer gel formulation is prepared by mixing adequate quantities of nicardipine HCl and Klucel HF- with a 65%/10~/20~/5~ (volume percent) mixture of ethanol/
water/glycerine/glycerol monooleate to provide a final gel -14- 20-~3272 with a nicardipine concentration of 150 mg/cc and a Klucel level of 1.5~ (wt/wt). A nicardipine transdermal system is then prepared as described in Example 1 using the nicardipine-enhancer gel formulation.
As with the previous examples, the peel force between the PIB adhesive and the release liner is greater than the force necessary to break the peelable seal between the microporous membrane and the peelable disc.
As such, the peelable disc is removed with the release liner when the release liner is peeled away from the system, simultaneously creating the peripheral adhesive pattern. The in vitro skin flux from the nicardipine system is determined using the methods described above to be 15 ug/cm2/hr.
Example 4 The Ll laminate is prepared as described in Example 1 using 3M #93088 medical grade acrylic adhesive in place of the silicone adhesive and a silanized release liner in place of the Akrosil Biorelease release liner.
Prior to laminating the microporous membrane, the disc is fastened to the underlying release liner by using a sewing needle with a nylon thread. The needle with the nylon thread is pushed through the disc at a distance of 0.0469 inches from its peripheral edge through the underlying adhesive and release liner. This procedure is repeated in the opposite direction by first piercing the release liner followed by the disc 0.1875 inches removed from the first stitch, while still maintaining 1 mm distance to the edge of the disc. The nylon thread is pulled tight and the two ends are tied to each other forming a knot as close to the surface of the disc as possible. This stitch forms the mechanical bcnd between the disc and the release liner.
The 0.002 inch thick microporous membrane (3M
MSP-61588) is then laminated over the entire surface of the above peelable disc/adhesive/release liner structure to form a membrane/peelable disc/adhesive/release liner laminate. This structure is used to fabricate calcitriol, pindolol and nicardipine transdermal systems as described in Examples 1, 2 and 3.
Example 5 An Ll laminate is prepared as described in Example 4 except that a mechanical bonding of the disc to the release liner is obtained by stapling the disc to the release liner. The disc is stapled .030 of an inch removed from the peripheral edge of the disc to the release liner by using a 0.375 inch long metal staple.
Calcitriol, pindolol and nicardipine transdermal systems are then prepared as described in ExampLes 1, 2 and 3.
Example 6 An Ll laminate is prepared as described in Example 4 except that the mechanical bond is obtained by the use of a plastic rivet. This rivet is formed by first punching a 0.020 inche diameter hole into the disc/
adhesive/release liner laminate. The center of this hole is 0.030 inches set back from the edge of th disc.
A thermoset polymer is then extruded into this hole and forms a mechanical bond upon cooling.
Transdermal systems are then prepared from this L1 laminate as described in the previous examples.
TO THE SKIN OR MUCOSA
Description Technical Field This invention is in the field of transdermal/
15 transmucosal administration of active agents (drugs).
More particularly it relates to a device for achieving such administration comprising an active agent-containing reservoir and an adhesive layer for affixing the device to the skin or mucosa in which the adhesive layer is peri-20 pheral to the path of the active agent to the skin or mucosa and is protected from degradation by the components of the reservoir by a multiplicity of heat seals.
Background of the Invention There are many patents describing devices for administering drugs through the skin or mucosa. These devices are commonly in the form of a laminated composite that includes a reservoir layer containing the drug, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer for attaching the 30 composite to the skin, and a backing layer that forms theupper layer of the device. Depending upon the particular drug and drug formulation involved, the reservoir layer may be a matrix in which the drug formulation is dispersed or a layer in the form of a walled container which holds 35 the drug formulation. Container-type reservoirs are often formed as a pocket between the backing layer and a drug-permeable basal membrane through which the drug passes to the skin. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer normally underlies the membrane and the drug also passes through it on its way to the skin.
Devices having container-type reservoirs with underlying pressure sensitive adhesive layers have significant disadvantages when one or more components of the drug formulation that are released from the reservoir to the skin are solvents for the adhesive or otherwise adversely effect the properties of the adhesive as they pass through it to the skin. In such cases those reser-voir component(s) cannot be permitted to pass through the adhesive and means must be found to isolate the adhesive from them. Further, in such devices the drug partitions into the adhesive and alters drug release characteristics over prolonged storage. The present invention provides a device design in which the adhesive is peripheral to the path of the drug formulation and is isolated from the drug formulation by a peelable barrier disc and a multiplicity of heat seals between selected layers of the device.
At least one other transdermal drug delivery device design has been proposed which involves an adhesive layer that is peripheral to the path of the drug to the skin. U.S. Patent No. 4,573,996 describes a device that has both a drug-permeable adhesive layer in the path of the drug and a peripheral drug-impermeable adhesive layer that is not in the path of the drug. The purpose of the peripheral adhesive layer is to provide a site for handling the device which avoids the risks of altering the drug path or contaminating the fingers with drug. Figure 6 of the patent shows a multi-layer laminated composite composed of ~1) a backing layer, (2) a drug permeable mem-brane underlying the backing that forms with the backing a pocket that serves as a drug-containing reservoir, (3) a drug-permeable adhesive layer directly underlying the ~3~ 2053272 membrane, (4) a ring-shaped drug-impermeable adhesive layer adjacent and peripheral to the drug-permeable adhe-sive layer, and (5) a basal removable protective layer.
The combination of a heat seal between the backing and the membrane at the edge of the reservoir and the peripheral drug-impermeable adhesive layer prevents radial or hori-zontal migration of the drug from the reservoir. This patented device is distinct from the device of the present invention in several respects. The patented device does not involve the problem of keeping drug formulation components isolated from the adhesive layer. In the patented device, the drug passes through the drug-permeable adhesive layer. There is only a single heat seal shown in the patented device. And, the single heat lS seal is not used to isolate the drug formulation from either adhesive layer.
The present invention is also unique in that it employs two peelable layers, a permanent heat seal and a peelable heat seal in a manner that permits the creation of a peripheral ring of adhesive when the two peelable layers are removed from the device.
The presently claimed devices are variations of the devices described in U.S. Patent No. 4,849,224. They differ from the devices in one or both of (1) the relative locations of the permanent and peelable heat seals and (2) the manner in which the first and second peelable layers are bonded together.
Disclosure of the Invention The invention is a device for administering an active agent to the skin or mucosa of an individual comprising a laminated composite of (a) a backing layer;
(b) an active agent-permeable membrane, the backing layer and membrane defining ~53~72 (c) a reservoir therebetween that contains a formulation of the active agent, said reservoir having a smaller periphery than the backing layer and membrane such that a portion of the backing layer and membrane extends outwardly of the periphery of the reservoir;
(d) a first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer that underlies the reservoir and a portion of said outwardly extending portion of the backing layer and membrane;
(e) an adhesive layer that underlies and covers the first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer and said outwardly extending portion of the backing layer and membrane;
(f) a second peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer that underlies and covers the adhesive layer;
(g) a permanent heat seal about the periphery of the reservoir between the backing layer and the membrane; and (h) a peelable heat seal between the membrane and the first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer located underneath and at a position directly underlying that of the permanent heat seal, said permanent and peelable heat seals providing barriers to migration of components of the active agent formulation from the reservoir into the adhesive layer and said first and second peelable active agent impermeable layers being bonded together such that when the second peelable layer is removed from the device the peelable heat seal is broken and the first peelable layer and underlying portion of the adhesive layer is removed therewith.
Brief Description of the Drawing Figure 1 is an enlarged sectional view of one embodiment of the invention.
~5~ 20~3272 Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 1 after the second and first peelable layers have been peeled off the remainder of the embodiment.
Figures 3 and 4 are enlarged sectional views of a portion of other embodiments depicting alternative means for affixing the first and second peelable layers together.
The drawings are not to scale and like parts are referred to by like reference numerals in the various figures.
Modes for Carrying Out the Invention The drawing shows a device, generally designated 11, that is an embodiment of the invention that is designed to administer a formulation of a drug and/or a permeation enhancer that is a solvent for pressure sensi-tive adhesives that are commonly used in transdermal delivery devices. Device 11 is designed to place the adhesive out of the path of the enhancer-drug formulation and to prohibit radial or horizontal migration of the drug/enhancer into the adhesive. Device 11 is a laminated composite. The uppermost layer of the composite is a heat-sealable backing film 12 having an inverted, cup-shaped recess 13 that serves as a container or reservoirfor a drug-enhancer formulation 14. ~nderlying the reservoir and all or a portion of the part of the backing layer outwardly of the reservoir is a membrane layer 16 that is permeable to the drug-enhancer formulation. An inner peel sealable liner 20 underlies the membrane layer and extends outwardly of the periphery of the reservoir.
The next layer in the composite is a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 15 that underlies the inner peel sealable liner and the portion of the backinq layer that extends outwardly of the edge of the liner. Finally a peelable adhesive release liner layer 17 covers the entire under-side of the assembly and forms the basal surface of the device. There are a minimum of two concentric heat seals in the composite. The first is at 18 between the membrane and the backing. It extends completely around the peri-meter of the reservoir and forms a permanent seal between the backing film and membrane. The second is at 19 and is between the outer edge of the inner peel sealable liner and the membrane and forms a peelable (impermanent) seal between the membrane and inner liner. It is underneath the first heat seal and at a radius not less than that of the first heat seal. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, it is located vertically in line with the first heat seal.
These seals prevent the drug/enhancer formulation from migrating into the adhesive during storage. After the release liner is removed, the first heat seal prevents such migration during wearing. The width of the seals will usually be in the range of 0.05 cm to 1.0 cm. The peel strength between the adhesive layer and the release liner layer is greater than the force required to break the peelable seal at 19. Thus, when the release liner is peeled from the underside of the assembly the peelable seal is broken and the adhesive layer peripheral to the inner peel sealable liner is cut by the edge of that liner as the release liner and peel sealable liner 20 are removed, leaving the portion of the adhesive between liners 17 and 20 and creating a peripheral ring of adhe-sive underlying the membrane and backing peripheral to the reservoir (see Figure 2). Alternatively, the release liner and the inner peel sealable liner may be bonded together (e.g., by permanent adhesive or mechanical bonding) such that removal of the release liner results in simultaneous removal of the inner liner. Figures 3 and 4 depict such alternative bonding means. These means are also described in Examples 5 and 6, infra. In Figure 3 the means is a metal staple 21 that passes vertically ~7~ 20~3272 through the first peelable layer 20, the underlying adhesive layer 15 and the second peelable (release) layer 17 just inwardly of the edge of layer 20. Corres-pondingly, in Figure 4 the means is a plastic rivet 22 that is similarly passed through the three mentioned layers.
When device 11 is placed into use, the release liner layer 17 and inner liner 20 are peeled away from the underside of the device and discarded. This operation directly exposes the undersurfaces of the membrane and the peripheral ring of adhesive layer and the device can be placed on a desired site on the skin or mucosa of the individual to be treated with the active agent.
In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 the second impermeable heat seal is formed between the membrane and inner liner. It will be appreciated in this regard that additional heat-sealable layers could be included in the device between any of the component layers that are part of the membrane, backing or inner liner, as the case may be.
The invention device is useful when one or more of the components of the active agent formulation is incompatible with available adhesives that are useful for removably attaching elements to the skin or mucosa. The term incompatible' is intended to mean that through physical and/or chemical interaction of the component(s) with the adhesive the adhesiveness or other desirable properties (e.g., nonirritancy) of the adhesive are significantly destroyed or impaired. The drug itself may be such a component or a carrier, solvent, skin permeation enhancing agent or other additive may be such a component.
Also, this design prevents migration of drug into the adhesive which otherwise alters drug release character-istics over prolonged storage.
The backing layer 12 of the device may be composed of a single film or a plurality of films. In any 20~3272 event, its inner surface must be capable of being heat sealed to the membrane. One or more of the films that constitute the layer will be impermeable to components of the drug formulation contained in the reservoir. Examples of materials used as backing layers in transdermal delivery devices that may find use in the present invention are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene vinylacetate, polyethylene terephthalate, and combinations thereof. The layer may include one or more metal layers and/or one or more fibrous layers.
The reservoir pocket in the backing may be formed by vacuum forming or other like methods of forming desired shapes in films.
The term ~Idrugl~ as used to describe the principal active ingredient of the device intends a bio-logically active compound or mixture of compounds that has a therapeutic, prophylactic or other beneficial pharma-cological and/or physiological effect on the wearer of the device. Examples of types of drugs that may be used in the invention device are antiinflammatory drugs, analgesics, antiarthritic drugs, antispasmodics, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, tranquilizers, antianxiety drugs, narcotic antagonists, antiparkinsonism agents, cholinergic agonists, anticancer drugs, immunosuppression agents, antiviral agents, antibiotic agents, appetite suppressants, antiemetics, anticholinergics, antihistamines, antimigraine agents, coronary, cerebral or peripheral vasodilators, hormonal agents, contraceptive agents, antithrombotic agents, diuretics, antihypertensive agents, cardiovascular drugs, and the like. The appropriate drugs of such types are capable of permeating through the skin either inherently or by virtue of treatment of the skin with a percutaneous absorption enhancer. Because the size of the device is limited for patient acceptance reasons, the preferred drugs are those that are effective at low concentration in the blood stream. Examples of specific drugs are steroids such as estradiol, progesterone, norgestrel, levonor-gestrel, norethindrone, medroxyprogestrone acetate, testosterone and their esters, nitro-compounds such as nitroglycerine and isosorbide nitrates, nicotine, chlor-pheniramine, terfenadine, triprolidine, hydrocortisone, oxicam derivatives such as piroxicam, ketoprofen, mucopolysaccharidases such as thiomucase, buprenorphine, fentanyl, naloxone, codeine, dihydroergotamine, pizo-tiline, salbutamol, terbutaline, prostaglandins such asmisoprostol and enprostil, omeprazole, imipramine, benzamides such as metoclopramine, scopolamine, peptides such as growth releasing factor and somatostatin, clonidine, dihydropyridines such as nifedipine, verapamil, ephedrine, pindolol, metoprolol, spironolactone, nicar-dipine hydrochloride, calcitriol, thiazides such as hydrochlorothiazide, flunarizine, sydononimines such as molsidomine, sulfated polysaccharides such as heparin fractions and the salts of such compounds with pharma-ceutically acceptable acids or bases, as the case may be.
Depending upon the inherent permeability of theskin to the particular drug or drugs being administered by the device, the reservoir may also contain a percutaneous absorption enhancer that increases the permeability of the skin to the drug(s) and is coadministered to the skin.
Examples of percutaneous absorption enhancers are those referred to in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,989,816, 4,316,893, 4,405,616, 4,060,084, and 4,379,454 and J Pharm Sci (1975) 64:901-024. The formulation contained in the reservoir may also include solvent(s), gelling agents, stabilizers, and other additives. As indicated previously one or more of these components or a combination of these components is incompatible with the adhesive.
The membrane is permeable to the dru~. It may be a "dense' membrane made of a material that is inher-ently permeable to the components of the reservoir that are to be administered to the skin or mucosa or it may be made of a microporous material whose pores are filled with a drug-permeable material including the drug-enhancer formulation itself. In the case of dense membranes, the component(s) dissolve in the material and diffuse through the material to the skin. In the case of microporous materials the component(s) diffuse through the pores to the skin. The membrane may or may not be a rate-controlling element depending upon the particular drug involved, the permeability of the skin to the drug, and the rate of delivery required to provide therapy.
Examples of materials for making dense membranes are given in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,598,122 and 4,650,484. Examples of materials for making microporous membranes are provided in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,797,494 and 4,031,894.
The adhesive layer is composed of a pressure sensitive surgical adhesive such as those that are commonly used to affix transdermal drug delivery devices, bandages or other dressings to the skin. Examples of such adhesives are polyisobutene, natural rubber adhesives, acrylic and methacrylic adhesives, and silicone adhesives.
The release liner layer 17 and inner liner 20 may be composed of a single layer or a multiplicity of layers. They should be (1) impermeable to the components of the drug formulation that diffuse through the membrane, (2) heat-sealable in the case of the inner liner, and (3) inherently strippable or peelable or rendered so by techniques such as silicon or fluorocarbon treatment or surface treatment with a seal incompatible ~ayer. An example of a film having such properties is Bertek 4418 Peelable Seal.
The respective components of the device may be formulated and assembled using procedures that are known in the drug formulation, transdermal device, and lami-nating arts. The shape of the device is not critical, anddevices of preformed shapes may be assembled directly or --ll--punched, cut, or otherwise formed from large sheets of laminated composite.
The following examples further illustrate the invention. These examples are not intended to limit the invention in any manner.
Examples Example 1 A silicone adhesive is prepared by mixing Dow Corning 355 Medical Adhesive with Dow Corning 360 Medical Fluid (10,000 cps) to provide 20% (wt/wt) Medical fluid in the final adhesive. The adhesive/medical fluid mixture is coated onto an Akrosil Biorelease release liner using a 10 mil gap casting knife and the adhesive solvent is evaporated at 80~C for 15 min to provide a final dry adhesive coating thickness of 0.0025 inches. A peelable heat seal disc (Bertek 4418) is then die cut into a 1.375 inch diameter circular disc which is positioned onto the adhesive surface of above adhesive-coated release liner with the peelable heat seal surface facing outward. A
0.002 inch thick microporous membrane (3M, MSP-61588) is then laminated over the entire surface of the above adhesive/release liner/peelable disc structure to form a membrane/peelable disc/adhesive/release liner laminate (Ll).
The backing film (Scotchpak 1012) is pressure formed to provide a 5 cm2 surface area and a 0.4 cc volume circular shaped cup.
A gelled calcitriol/enhancer reservoir formu-lation is prepared by mixing sufficient amounts of calcitriol and Klucel HF~i with a 67.S%/21.75%/7.5~/3.25~
(volume percent) mixture of ethanol/water/glycerine/methyl laurate to provide a 100 ug/ml calcitriol concentration and a 1.5% Klucel HF-T~ gel.
20~3272 To fabricate a clacitriol system, 0.4 ml of the gelled calcitriol formulation is pipetted onto the micro-porous membrane surface of the Ll laminate coinciding with the exact center of the peelable disc underlying the membrane. The backing film is then placed over the Ll laminate such that the pre-formed cup on the backing film is situated over the drug/enhancer gel. The backing film is then heat sealed to the Ll laminate using a 0.9934 inch diameter circular heat seal die with a 0.0787 inch width heat sealing zone at 320 C with 30 PSI pressure for 0.5 seconds. The single heat sealing step creates the permanent heat seal between the backing film and micro-porous membrane layers, and simultaneously forms the peelable seal between the microporous membrane and the peelable disc directly underneath the permanent seal.
The backing film is then sealed to the microporous membrane in the outer area peripheral to the drug-enhancer reservoir with a heated plate. Finally, a 20 cm2 (overall surface area) calcitriol system is die cut from the heat sealed structure using a steel rule die.
The peel force between the silicone adhesive and the release liner is greater than the force necessary to break the peelable seal between the membrane and the peel-able disc. Therefore, when the release liner is peeled away from the system, the peelable disc is removed with the release liner exposing the 5 cm2 microporous membrane drug-enhancer delivery surface area and creating the peripheral adhesive pattern. The in vitro steady state calcitriol skin flux is determined using the methods of Merritt and Cooper (J. Controlled Release 1:161, 1984) to be 1 ug/cm2day.
-13- 20~3272 Example 2 A membrane/peelable disc/adhesive/release liner laminate (L1) is prepared as described in Example 1 using a Scotchpak 1022 release liner in place of the Akrosil Biorelease release liner.
A pindolol-enhancer gel formulation is prepared by mixing adequate quantities of pindolol HCl and Klucel HF~ with a mixture consisting of 50%/39%/10~/1% (volume percent) ethanol/water/glycerine/glycerol monooleate to provide a gel with a final pindolol concentration of 65 mg/cc and Klucel level of 1.5% (wt/wt).
The pindolol-enhancer gel is pipetted (0.4 ml) onto the Ll laminate and a Scotchpak 1012 backing film (0.4 ml cup previously formed) is positioned over the laminate. The backing film is then heat sealed to the L1 laminate and a final system is die cut as described in Example 1. When the release liner is peeled from the system, the peel force between the adhesive and release liner is greater than the force necessary to break the peelable seal between the peelable disc and the micro-porous membrane. The peelable disc is thus removed from the system with the release liner, creating the peripheral adhesive and exposing the drug-enhancer delivery surface area. The in vitro pindolol skin flux from the system is determined using the methods of Merritt and Cooper, supra, to be 33 ug/cm2/hr.
Example 3 An Ll laminate is prepared as described in Example 1 using a polyisobutylene (PIB) adhesive in place of the silicone adhesive and a Daubert C-150 release liner in place of the Akrosil Biorelease release liner. A
nicardipine-enhancer gel formulation is prepared by mixing adequate quantities of nicardipine HCl and Klucel HF- with a 65%/10~/20~/5~ (volume percent) mixture of ethanol/
water/glycerine/glycerol monooleate to provide a final gel -14- 20-~3272 with a nicardipine concentration of 150 mg/cc and a Klucel level of 1.5~ (wt/wt). A nicardipine transdermal system is then prepared as described in Example 1 using the nicardipine-enhancer gel formulation.
As with the previous examples, the peel force between the PIB adhesive and the release liner is greater than the force necessary to break the peelable seal between the microporous membrane and the peelable disc.
As such, the peelable disc is removed with the release liner when the release liner is peeled away from the system, simultaneously creating the peripheral adhesive pattern. The in vitro skin flux from the nicardipine system is determined using the methods described above to be 15 ug/cm2/hr.
Example 4 The Ll laminate is prepared as described in Example 1 using 3M #93088 medical grade acrylic adhesive in place of the silicone adhesive and a silanized release liner in place of the Akrosil Biorelease release liner.
Prior to laminating the microporous membrane, the disc is fastened to the underlying release liner by using a sewing needle with a nylon thread. The needle with the nylon thread is pushed through the disc at a distance of 0.0469 inches from its peripheral edge through the underlying adhesive and release liner. This procedure is repeated in the opposite direction by first piercing the release liner followed by the disc 0.1875 inches removed from the first stitch, while still maintaining 1 mm distance to the edge of the disc. The nylon thread is pulled tight and the two ends are tied to each other forming a knot as close to the surface of the disc as possible. This stitch forms the mechanical bcnd between the disc and the release liner.
The 0.002 inch thick microporous membrane (3M
MSP-61588) is then laminated over the entire surface of the above peelable disc/adhesive/release liner structure to form a membrane/peelable disc/adhesive/release liner laminate. This structure is used to fabricate calcitriol, pindolol and nicardipine transdermal systems as described in Examples 1, 2 and 3.
Example 5 An Ll laminate is prepared as described in Example 4 except that a mechanical bonding of the disc to the release liner is obtained by stapling the disc to the release liner. The disc is stapled .030 of an inch removed from the peripheral edge of the disc to the release liner by using a 0.375 inch long metal staple.
Calcitriol, pindolol and nicardipine transdermal systems are then prepared as described in ExampLes 1, 2 and 3.
Example 6 An Ll laminate is prepared as described in Example 4 except that the mechanical bond is obtained by the use of a plastic rivet. This rivet is formed by first punching a 0.020 inche diameter hole into the disc/
adhesive/release liner laminate. The center of this hole is 0.030 inches set back from the edge of th disc.
A thermoset polymer is then extruded into this hole and forms a mechanical bond upon cooling.
Transdermal systems are then prepared from this L1 laminate as described in the previous examples.
Claims (8)
1. A device for administering an active agent to the skin or mucosa of an individual comprising a laminated composite of:
(a) a backing layer;
(b) an active agent-permeable membrane, the backing layer and membrane defining (c) a reservoir therebetween that contains a formulation of the active agent, said reservoir having a smaller periphery than the backing layer and membrane such that a portion of the backing layer and membrane extends outwardly of the periphery of the reservoir;
(d) a first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer that underlies the reservoir and a portion of said outwardly extending portion of the backing layer and membrane;
(e) an adhesive layer that underlies and covers the first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer and said outwardly extending portion of the backing layer and membrane;
(f) a second peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer that underlies and covers the adhesive layer;
(g) a permanent heat seal about the periphery of the reservoir between the backing layer and the membrane; and (h) a peelable heat seal between the membrane and the first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer located underneath.
and at a position directly underlying that of the permanent heat seal, said permanent and peelable heat seals providing barriers to the migration of components of the active agent formulation from the reservoir into the adhesive layer and said first and second peelable active agent impermeable layers being bonded together such that when the second peelable layer is removed from the device the peelable heat seal is broken and the first peelable layer and underlying portion of the adhesive layer is removed therewith.
(a) a backing layer;
(b) an active agent-permeable membrane, the backing layer and membrane defining (c) a reservoir therebetween that contains a formulation of the active agent, said reservoir having a smaller periphery than the backing layer and membrane such that a portion of the backing layer and membrane extends outwardly of the periphery of the reservoir;
(d) a first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer that underlies the reservoir and a portion of said outwardly extending portion of the backing layer and membrane;
(e) an adhesive layer that underlies and covers the first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer and said outwardly extending portion of the backing layer and membrane;
(f) a second peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer that underlies and covers the adhesive layer;
(g) a permanent heat seal about the periphery of the reservoir between the backing layer and the membrane; and (h) a peelable heat seal between the membrane and the first peelable active agent formulation-impermeable layer located underneath.
and at a position directly underlying that of the permanent heat seal, said permanent and peelable heat seals providing barriers to the migration of components of the active agent formulation from the reservoir into the adhesive layer and said first and second peelable active agent impermeable layers being bonded together such that when the second peelable layer is removed from the device the peelable heat seal is broken and the first peelable layer and underlying portion of the adhesive layer is removed therewith.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the adhesive is incompatible with one or more of the components of the formulation that permeate through the membrane to the skin or mucosa.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the backing layer is a laminated composite of at least one layer that is impermeable to the formulation and an inner heat-sealable layer.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the adhesive is an acrylic adhesive, the active agent is pindolol hydrochloride, and the formulation includes ethyl alcohol and glycerol monooleate.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein the adhesive is an acrylic adhesive, the active agent is nicardipine hydrochloride, and the formulation includes ethyl alcohol and glycerol monooleate.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the adhesive is a silicone adhesive, the active agent is calcitriol and the formulation includes ethanol, methyl laurate, and water.
7. The device of claim 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 wherein the first and second peelable active agent impermeable layers are bonded by a permanent adhesive.
8. The device of claim 7 wherein the first and second peelable active agent impermeable layers are bonded by mechanical bonding in addition to the adhesive.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/326,536 US4983395A (en) | 1987-11-12 | 1989-03-21 | Device for administering an active agent to the skin or mucosa |
US326,536 | 1989-03-21 |
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CA2053272A1 CA2053272A1 (en) | 1990-09-22 |
CA2053272C true CA2053272C (en) | 1998-05-19 |
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EP (1) | EP0464106B1 (en) |
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-
1989
- 1989-03-21 US US07/326,536 patent/US4983395A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-03-21 ES ES90905296T patent/ES2103271T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-21 KR KR1019900702482A patent/KR0149492B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-21 JP JP2505275A patent/JPH0818976B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-21 EP EP90905296A patent/EP0464106B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-21 CA CA002053272A patent/CA2053272C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-21 AU AU53416/90A patent/AU631417B2/en not_active Expired
- 1990-03-21 WO PCT/US1990/001513 patent/WO1990011065A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-03-21 AT AT90905296T patent/ATE154751T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-21 DE DE69030974T patent/DE69030974T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-21 DK DK90905296.1T patent/DK0464106T3/en active
-
1998
- 1998-03-23 HK HK98102424A patent/HK1003322A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
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EP0464106A4 (en) | 1993-09-22 |
US4983395A (en) | 1991-01-08 |
CA2053272A1 (en) | 1990-09-22 |
EP0464106A1 (en) | 1992-01-08 |
DE69030974T2 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
WO1990011065A1 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
AU631417B2 (en) | 1992-11-26 |
HK1003322A1 (en) | 1998-10-23 |
DK0464106T3 (en) | 1997-07-21 |
EP0464106B1 (en) | 1997-06-25 |
AU5341690A (en) | 1990-10-22 |
KR920700019A (en) | 1992-02-19 |
ATE154751T1 (en) | 1997-07-15 |
ES2103271T3 (en) | 1997-09-16 |
DE69030974D1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
JPH04506062A (en) | 1992-10-22 |
JPH0818976B2 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
KR0149492B1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
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