CA2053311A1 - Apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle - Google Patents

Apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle

Info

Publication number
CA2053311A1
CA2053311A1 CA002053311A CA2053311A CA2053311A1 CA 2053311 A1 CA2053311 A1 CA 2053311A1 CA 002053311 A CA002053311 A CA 002053311A CA 2053311 A CA2053311 A CA 2053311A CA 2053311 A1 CA2053311 A1 CA 2053311A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
vehicle
zero
measuring
yaw rate
gyrometer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002053311A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David Allen Williams
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Group Lotus PLC
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2053311A1 publication Critical patent/CA2053311A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/018—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the use of a specific signal treatment or control method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/019—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C25/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/05—Attitude
    • B60G2400/052—Angular rate
    • B60G2400/0523—Yaw rate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/10—Acceleration; Deceleration
    • B60G2400/104—Acceleration; Deceleration lateral or transversal with regard to vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/20—Speed
    • B60G2400/204—Vehicle speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/20—Speed
    • B60G2400/208—Speed of wheel rotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/40—Steering conditions
    • B60G2400/41—Steering angle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2600/00—Indexing codes relating to particular elements, systems or processes used on suspension systems or suspension control systems
    • B60G2600/12—Sampling or average detecting; Addition or substraction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2600/00—Indexing codes relating to particular elements, systems or processes used on suspension systems or suspension control systems
    • B60G2600/60—Signal noise suppression; Electronic filtering means
    • B60G2600/604—Signal noise suppression; Electronic filtering means low pass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2600/00—Indexing codes relating to particular elements, systems or processes used on suspension systems or suspension control systems
    • B60G2600/68—Filtering means, e.g. fluid filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/01—Attitude or posture control
    • B60G2800/012—Rolling condition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/01—Attitude or posture control
    • B60G2800/016—Yawing condition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/70—Estimating or calculating vehicle parameters or state variables
    • B60G2800/702—Improving accuracy of a sensor signal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2250/00—Monitoring, detecting, estimating vehicle conditions
    • B60T2250/03—Vehicle yaw rate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2250/00—Monitoring, detecting, estimating vehicle conditions
    • B60T2250/06—Sensor zero-point adjustment; Offset compensation
    • B60T2250/062—Sensor zero-point adjustment; Offset compensation loosing zero-point calibration of yaw rate sensors when travelling on banked roads or in case of temperature variations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40—Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/413—Plausibility monitoring, cross check, redundancy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
    • Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
    • Y10S707/99935—Query augmenting and refining, e.g. inexact access

Abstract

The invention provides an apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle, comprising means for measuring the velocity of the vehicle (1), means for measuring the lateral acceleration of the vehicle (2) and means for measuring the steering angle of the vehicle (3), correction means (4) and a yaw gyrometer (5). The correction means (4) acts to remove bias errors from the output of the yaw gyrometer (5). The correction means (4) estimates the bias errors when the velocity of the vehicle is zero (or within a tolerance of zero) or when both the steering angle of the vehicle is zero (or within a tolerance of zero) and the lateral acceleration of the vehicle (or within a tolerance of zero).

Description

2~a~1 APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE ~AW R~TE OF A VEHIC~E

This invention relates to apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle and an active or semi-active suspension system incorporating such apparatus.
In EP-A-0114757 therQ is disclosed a vehicle control system for a wheeled land vehicle, comprising wheel suspension devices in the form of double-acting hydraulic actuators by which the wheQls are mounted to the body of the vehicle. The suspension devices are controlled by signals representing heave, pitch, roll and warp modes of movement of the vehicle, possibly 1~ modified by signals representing the speed and lateral and longitudinal acceleration for the vehicle, to obtain a desired ride quality and attit~de for the vehicle, tha signals being derived from appropriate transducers located at appropriate positions on the vehicle.
In US-A-4761022 there is disclosed a similar control system which also includes steering angle and yaw rate sensors on the vehicle, the signals from these sensors being used to control the steering characteristics of the vehicle~ As di~closed, the yaw rate sensor can be a rate gyrometer, a vibration gyrometer or an optical fibre gyrometer.
The accuracy to which the vehicle steering characteristics can be controlled depends directly upon the accuracy of the sensors employed, in particular upon the stability of the yaw rate sensor output signal. This feature has, in the past, caused high ~uality, and therefore high cost, rate sensors to be employed for the stated purpose. such sensors are 3~ generally fragile when unpowered and can have other undesirable features, such as large physical WO90/12698 ~O ~ PCT/GB90/00607 dimensions and high levels of acoustic emission.
There has recently become available a solid state rate gyrometer which is physically small, has minimal acoustic emissions when operating, has been demonstrated to be of rugged construction, and o~fsrs the potential for low unit cost in high volume production. ~11 of these features make the gyrometer eminently suitable for application in a vehicle control system as discussed above.
A whesled land vehicle generally provides a harsh working environment, including large changes in temperature. The output signal of the solid state rate gyrometer has been found to be affected by changes in ambient temperature to an extent that the performance of a vehicle control system which incorporated the sensor could prove to be unacceptable.
According to the present invention there is provided apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle comprising a gyrometer which can provide an output signal corresponding to the yaw rate of the vehicle, measuring means for measuring the velocity, the steering angle and the lateral acceleration of the vehicle and correction means, for removing bias errors from the output signal of the gyrometer, wherein said correction means measures the bias errors when the velocity of the vehicle is zero, or within a tolerance of zero, and/or when both the steering angle of the vehicle is zero or within a tolerance of zero, and the lateral acceleration of the vehicle is zero, or within 3~ a tolerance of zero.
Preferably the correction means estimates the bias errors by measuring the output signal of the gyrometer when the velocity of the vehicle is zero, or within a tolerance of zero, and/or when both the steering angle of the vehicle is zero, or within a tolerance of zero and the lateral acceleration of the WO90~12698 2 g ~ v~ ~ ~ 1 PCT/GB90/0060 vehicle is zero, or within the tolerance of 2ero.
Preferably the measuring means periodically measures the velocity, the steering angle and lateral acceleration of the vehicle.
Preferably the correction means filters the output signal of the gyrometer to remove high freguencies therefrom. The correction means prefQrably filters the output signal by summing the signal over a sampling period of the measurement means and multipying the summed signal by a factor proportional to the sampling period.
Preferably the apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of the vehicle is included in an active or in a semi-active suspension system for a wheeled land vehicle.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fi~ure 1 is a schematic representation of a four wheeled land vehicle.
Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the apparatus according to the invention.
Figure 3 is a flow chart showing the steps of the invention.
Referring to figure 1, it can be seen that the yaw rate r of a vehicle is the rate at which the vehicle rotates above a fixed point on the vehicle.
Referring to figure 2, it can be seen that a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises measuring means including means for measuring vehicle velocity 1, maans for lateral acceleration of the vehicle 2 and means for measuring the steering angle of the vahicle 3, as well as correction means 4 and a yaw gyrometer 5. The means for measuring vehicle velocity V comprises means for measuring the rotational speed of a wheel of a vehicle and WO90/12698 ;~ PCT/GB90/00607 calculating from this the velocity of the vehicle and means for producing an output signal corresponding to the velocity of the vehicle. The output signal from the velocity measuring means l is transmitted via a line 6 to the correction means 4.
The lateral acceleration measuring means 2 measUrQs the acceleration ~xperiQnced by the vehicle in a direction perpendicular to the direction of vehicle motion, such acceleration being commonly Q~perienced by the vehicle upon cornering. The lateral acceleration measuring means 2 outputs a signal corresponding to the lateral acceleration experienced by the vehicle and this signal is sent along line 7 to the correction means 4.
The steering angle ~ of a vehicle is proportional to the angles that the front wheels of the vehicle make to a plane parallel with the axis of the vehicle. This steering angle ~ is commonly determined by measuring the rotation of the steering wheel of a vehicle (from an arbitrary point of fixed reference) by the driver of the vehicle. A signal corresponding to the steering angle is sent by the steering angle measuring means 3 via a line 8 to the correction means 4.
The correction means 4 periodically samples the three signals sent by lines 6, 7 and 8. The period of sampling should be regular, but can be of arbitrary length, the sampling period being only limited by the practicalities of sampling~ Having sampled the three inputs from lines 6, 7 and 8, the correction means 4 determines whether V = 0 or both A = 0 and ~ = 0.
If aither of the conditions exist, then the correction means 4 samples also the output of the yaw gyrometer 5. The output of the yaw gyrometer 5 corresponds to the yaw rate of the vehicle measured by the gyrometer. Since the yaw rate of the vehicle should WO90/12698 ~ a 3 3 11 PCT/GB90/00607 be zero when the velocity of the vehicle is zero, or when both the steering angle ~ and the lateral acceleration A of the vehicle are zero, then it is possible to determine the bias errors of the signal S produced by the gyrometer 5. The estimated bias errors are then stored in the memory of the correction means 4 and is removed from the actual outpout signal of the gyrometer rg to provide a corrected output signal rout.
Figur~ 3 shows a flow chart detailing the missive operation of the correction means. Initially the bias errors are given an arbitrary value W. The correction mQans then inputs the values of yaw rate, lateral acceleration, velocity and steering angle measured by the gyrometer and the measuring means.
The correction means then corrects the measured yaw rate signal rg by substracting the bias errors rbiaS. The corrected signal rOut is then output as the ~orrected output of the apparatus for measuring the yaw rate.
The correction means also samples at regular intervals the three variables velocity V, lateral acceleration A and steering angle ~. The correction means determines firstly whether the velocity measured is within a defined tolerance range of zero. This can be seen in decision box no. lO. If the velocity is within the tolerance range, then the correction means resQts the errcr bias signal, as shown in box 20. The operation of box 20 is discussed later in the specification.
If the velocity is not within the acceptable tolerance range then the correction means decides whether the lateral acceleration of the vehicle is wit~in a defined tolerance range and also whether the steering angle of the vehicle is within a defined tolerance range. This can be seen in decision box ~VO90/12698 PCT/GB90tO0607 2 ~ 6 -30. If both the steering angle and the lateral acceleration of the vehicle are within their respective tolerance ranges, then the correction means resets the bias error signal, as shown in box 20.
If the velocity is not within the defined tolerance range of zero and both the lateral accelQration and the steering angle of the vehicle are also not wit~in their respQctivQ tolerancQ ranges of zero, then the error bias signal remains unalterQd.
The control system of the invQntion derives from the appr~ciation that a compensation for any error in the output signal from the gyrometer is possible in a wheeled land vehiclQ bacause, in gQneral, such a vehicle will have a zero yaw rate when the vehicle is stationery, that is when V ix zero, or travelling in a straight line, that is when the steering angle ~ is zero, and the vehicle has zero lateral acceleration a.
Thus, as shown in Figure 3, rout = rg- rbiaS
where rout = corrected output of the gyrometer rg = actual output of the gyrometer rbiaS = bias error in output of the gyrometer Provided either -Xc V~ +X
or Both -Y~ ~ +Y
and -Z~ a~ +Z
where V = velocity of vehicle ~ ~ steering angle of vehicle a = lateral acceleration of vehicle ~h~ rbias = rbiaS + const.*rc where const. = integration scale factor for use in correction The range -X to +X is the tolerance range for the measured velocity V. The range -Y to +Y is the W090/l2698 2 ~ 3 ~ PCT/GB90/00607 tolerance range for the measured steering angle ~.
The range -z to +Z is the tolerance range for the measured lateral acceleration a.
As shown above and in box 20 of Figure 3, when the bias error term is reset, it is reset as being the sum of the old bias error term and the factor: const x rc. The box 20 acts as a digital low pass filter.
The system is only interested in long texm bias errors, those due for instance to changes in the ambient temperature of the yaw gyrometer. ~igh ~reguQncy fluctuations will occur due to noise and ambient conditions whilst the vehicle is in motion.
It is a feature of the present invention that the bias error term ignores such high frequency inputs when determining the bias error of the gyrometer. If such filtering did not occur then the bias error term could be substantially incorrect, having taken into account transient peaks rather than low frequency alterations in the output of the yaw gyrometer. The filtering of the signal can be carried out either by analogue low pass filter or by digitally filtering the yaw rate signal. To digitally filter the yaw rate signal, the signal could first be converted to the frequency domain by suitable transformation, so that the higher fre~uencies could be removed. Alternatively, the signal could be summed over the sampling period and divided by a constant proportional to the sampling period, so that an average value of the bias error is obtained rather than an instantaneous value.
The system of the invention can readily be incorporated in an overall control system as described in the prior documents mentioned above, the correction means being the processing means used in such system, and thus a complete description of the system will not 3~ be given herein.

Claims (8)

  1. CLAIMS:

    l. Apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle comprising a gyrometer which can provide an output signal corresponding to the yaw rate of the vehicle, measuring means for measuring the velocity, the steering angle and the lateral acceleration of the vehicle and correction means for removing bias errors from the output signal of the gyrometer, wherein said correction means measures the bias errors when the velocity of the vehicle is zero, or within a tolerance of zero, and/or when both the steering angle of the vehicle is zero, or within a tolerance of zero, and the lateral acceleration of the vehicle is zero, or within a tolerance of zero.
  2. 2. Apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle as claimed in claim 1 wherein the correction means estimates the bias errors by measuring the output signal of the gyrometer when the velocity of the vehicle is zero, or within a tolerance of zero, and/or when both the steering angle of the vehicle is zero, or within a tolerance of zero, and the lateral acceleration of the vehicle is zero, of within a tolerance of zero.
  3. 3. Apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle as claimed in claim 2 wherein said measuring means periodically measures the velocity, the steering angle and lateral acceleration of the vehicle.
  4. 4. Apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle as claimed in claim 3 wherein the correction means filters the output signal of the gyrometer to remove high frequencies therefrom.
  5. 5. Apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle as claimed in claim 4 wherein the output signal is filtered by summing the signal over a sampling period of the measurement means and multiplying the summed signal by a factor proportional to the sampling period.
  6. 6. An active or a semi-active suspension system for a wheeled land vehicle comprising apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of the vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
  7. 7. Apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle as substantially described in the accompanying specification and drawings.
  8. 8. An active or a semi-active suspension system for a wheeled land vehicle comprising apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of the vehicle as described in the accompanying specification and drawings.
CA002053311A 1989-04-21 1990-04-20 Apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle Abandoned CA2053311A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8909074.0 1989-04-21
GB898909074A GB8909074D0 (en) 1989-04-21 1989-04-21 Vehicle control system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2053311A1 true CA2053311A1 (en) 1990-10-22

Family

ID=10655452

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002053311A Abandoned CA2053311A1 (en) 1989-04-21 1990-04-20 Apparatus for measuring the yaw rate of a vehicle

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5274576A (en)
EP (1) EP0469057B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04504902A (en)
CA (1) CA2053311A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69014108T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2067027T3 (en)
GB (1) GB8909074D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1990012698A1 (en)

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WO1990012698A1 (en) 1990-11-01
EP0469057A1 (en) 1992-02-05
DE69014108T2 (en) 1995-06-14
DE69014108D1 (en) 1994-12-15
US5274576A (en) 1993-12-28
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ES2067027T3 (en) 1995-03-16
EP0469057B1 (en) 1994-11-09

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