CA2092984C - Film with improved lap seal - Google Patents
Film with improved lap seal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2092984C CA2092984C CA 2092984 CA2092984A CA2092984C CA 2092984 C CA2092984 C CA 2092984C CA 2092984 CA2092984 CA 2092984 CA 2092984 A CA2092984 A CA 2092984A CA 2092984 C CA2092984 C CA 2092984C
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- layer
- layers
- copolymer
- skin layers
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- -1 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006213 ethylene-alphaolefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229920006300 shrink film Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 7
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 102100031948 Enhancer of polycomb homolog 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101000920634 Homo sapiens Enhancer of polycomb homolog 1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004708 Very-low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100298996 Arabidopsis thaliana PBC2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920006257 Heat-shrinkable film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101100502336 Komagataella pastoris FLD1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DIWRORZWFLOCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lorazepam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC(=O)C(O)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl DIWRORZWFLOCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100421128 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) SEI1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- LMHUKLLZJMVJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-ene;prop-1-ene Chemical compound CC=C.CCC=C LMHUKLLZJMVJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002654 heat shrinkable material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006281 multilayer packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
- B32B2250/242—All polymers belonging to those covered by group B32B27/32
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/72—Cured, e.g. vulcanised, cross-linked
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
- B32B2307/736—Shrinkable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
- B32B2323/046—LDPE, i.e. low density polyethylene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/91—Product with molecular orientation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1328—Shrinkable or shrunk [e.g., due to heat, solvent, volatile agent, restraint removal, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
- Y10T428/2813—Heat or solvent activated or sealable
- Y10T428/2817—Heat sealable
- Y10T428/2826—Synthetic resin or polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31913—Monoolefin polymer
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
Abstract
A multilayered thermoplastic film having improved lap seal strength includes skin layers having blends of ethylene propylene copolymer with polybutylene or propylene butene copolymer, or propylene butene copolymer. Oriented shrink films can beneficially be made from three and five layer formulations including such skin layer compositions.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to thermoplastic film, and in particular to heat shrinkable, thermoplastic packaging films having improved lap seals. The present invention is directed especially to shrink films utilizing blends of ethylene propylene copolymer and polybutylene or propylene butene copolymer resins, or alternatively prapylene butene copolymer, as a constituent of outer layers in a multilayer packaging film.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to new and useful films, and especially heat shrinkable films. One distinguishing feature of a shrink film is the film's ability, upan exposure to a certain temperature, to shrink or, if restrained from shrinking, to generate shrink tension within the film.
The manufacture of shrink films, as is well known in the art, may be generally accomplished by extrusion of the resinous materials which have been heated to their flow or melting point from an extrusion die in tubular or planar form. After a post extrusion quenching to cool, the extrudate is then reheated to its orientation temperature range. The orientation temperature range for a given film will vary with the different resinous polymers and blends thereof which comprise the film. However, the orientation temperature range may generally be ~/gzo~~.o.z/sP~cF~,DR
?~8 stated to be above room temperature and below the melting point of the film.
The terms "oriented" or "orientation" are used herein to describe the process and resultant product characteristics obtained by stretching and immediately cooling a resinous polymeric material which has been heated to its orientation temperature range so as to revise the molecular configuration of the material by physical alignment of the molecules to improve mechanical properties of the film such as , for example, shrink tension and orientation release stress. Both of these properties may be measured in accordance with ASTM D 2838-69 (reapproved 1975). When the stretching force is applied in one direction uniaxial orientation results. Whan the stretching force is applied in two directions biaxial orientation results. Orientation is also herein used interchangeably with "heat shrinkability" with these terms designating a material which has been stretched and set by cooling at its stretched dimensions. An oriented (i.e., heat shrinkable) material will tend to return to its original unstretched dimensions when heated to an appropriate temperature below its melting temperature range.
The term "Zap seal strength" is used herein to mean the strength of the film of the present invention when sealed to itself, primarily assisted only by the weight of the product which is being packaged. Typically, shrink tunnel heat is employed to create the lap seal. ,This is to be contrasted to "heat seal strength" referring typically to conventional heat seals created by the pressure of e.g. an impulse sealer. Typically, seal bar heat is employed to create the heat seal.
Returning to the basic process for manufacturing the film as discussed above, it can be seen that the film once extruded and initially quenched to cool is then reheated to its orientation temperature range and oriented. The stretching to orient may be accomplished in many ways such as, for example, by "blown bubble"
techniques or "tenter framing". These terms are well known to those in 7/920710.2/SPECFLDR
This invention relates to thermoplastic film, and in particular to heat shrinkable, thermoplastic packaging films having improved lap seals. The present invention is directed especially to shrink films utilizing blends of ethylene propylene copolymer and polybutylene or propylene butene copolymer resins, or alternatively prapylene butene copolymer, as a constituent of outer layers in a multilayer packaging film.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to new and useful films, and especially heat shrinkable films. One distinguishing feature of a shrink film is the film's ability, upan exposure to a certain temperature, to shrink or, if restrained from shrinking, to generate shrink tension within the film.
The manufacture of shrink films, as is well known in the art, may be generally accomplished by extrusion of the resinous materials which have been heated to their flow or melting point from an extrusion die in tubular or planar form. After a post extrusion quenching to cool, the extrudate is then reheated to its orientation temperature range. The orientation temperature range for a given film will vary with the different resinous polymers and blends thereof which comprise the film. However, the orientation temperature range may generally be ~/gzo~~.o.z/sP~cF~,DR
?~8 stated to be above room temperature and below the melting point of the film.
The terms "oriented" or "orientation" are used herein to describe the process and resultant product characteristics obtained by stretching and immediately cooling a resinous polymeric material which has been heated to its orientation temperature range so as to revise the molecular configuration of the material by physical alignment of the molecules to improve mechanical properties of the film such as , for example, shrink tension and orientation release stress. Both of these properties may be measured in accordance with ASTM D 2838-69 (reapproved 1975). When the stretching force is applied in one direction uniaxial orientation results. Whan the stretching force is applied in two directions biaxial orientation results. Orientation is also herein used interchangeably with "heat shrinkability" with these terms designating a material which has been stretched and set by cooling at its stretched dimensions. An oriented (i.e., heat shrinkable) material will tend to return to its original unstretched dimensions when heated to an appropriate temperature below its melting temperature range.
The term "Zap seal strength" is used herein to mean the strength of the film of the present invention when sealed to itself, primarily assisted only by the weight of the product which is being packaged. Typically, shrink tunnel heat is employed to create the lap seal. ,This is to be contrasted to "heat seal strength" referring typically to conventional heat seals created by the pressure of e.g. an impulse sealer. Typically, seal bar heat is employed to create the heat seal.
Returning to the basic process for manufacturing the film as discussed above, it can be seen that the film once extruded and initially quenched to cool is then reheated to its orientation temperature range and oriented. The stretching to orient may be accomplished in many ways such as, for example, by "blown bubble"
techniques or "tenter framing". These terms are well known to those in 7/920710.2/SPECFLDR
the art and refer to orientation steps whereby the material is stretched in the cross or transverse direction (TD) and in the longitudinal or machine direction (MD). After being stretched, the film is rapidly cooled to quench and thus set or lock-in the oriented molecular configuration.
After locking-in the oriented molecular configuration the film may then be stored in rolls and utilized to tight 1y package a variety of items. In this regard, the product to be packaged is first enclosed in the heat shrinkable material by heat sealing the shrink film to itself where necessary. Thereafter, the enclosed product is subjected to elevated temperatures by, for example, passing the product through a hot air or hot water tunnel. This causes the film to shrink around the product (also inducing creation of the lap seal) to produce a tight wrapping that closely conforms to the contour of the product.
The above general outline for manufacturing films is not meant to be all inclusive since this process is well known to those in the art. For example, see U. S. Patent Nos. 4,274,90 O; 4,229,241;
4,194,039; 4,188,443; 4,048,428; 3,821,182 and 3,022,543.
Many variations on the above discussed general processing theme are available to those in the art depending upon the end use for which the film is to be put and the characteristics desired to be instilled in the f ilm. For example, the molecules of the f ilm may be cross-linked during processing to improve the films abu se resistance and other characteristics. Cross-linking and methods for cross-linking are well known in the art. Cross-linking may be accomplished by irradiating the film or, alternatively, may be accomplished chemically through the utilization of e.g. peroxides. Another possible processing variation is the application of a f ine mist of silicone spray to the interior of the freshly extruded material to improve the further processability of the material.
After locking-in the oriented molecular configuration the film may then be stored in rolls and utilized to tight 1y package a variety of items. In this regard, the product to be packaged is first enclosed in the heat shrinkable material by heat sealing the shrink film to itself where necessary. Thereafter, the enclosed product is subjected to elevated temperatures by, for example, passing the product through a hot air or hot water tunnel. This causes the film to shrink around the product (also inducing creation of the lap seal) to produce a tight wrapping that closely conforms to the contour of the product.
The above general outline for manufacturing films is not meant to be all inclusive since this process is well known to those in the art. For example, see U. S. Patent Nos. 4,274,90 O; 4,229,241;
4,194,039; 4,188,443; 4,048,428; 3,821,182 and 3,022,543.
Many variations on the above discussed general processing theme are available to those in the art depending upon the end use for which the film is to be put and the characteristics desired to be instilled in the f ilm. For example, the molecules of the f ilm may be cross-linked during processing to improve the films abu se resistance and other characteristics. Cross-linking and methods for cross-linking are well known in the art. Cross-linking may be accomplished by irradiating the film or, alternatively, may be accomplished chemically through the utilization of e.g. peroxides. Another possible processing variation is the application of a f ine mist of silicone spray to the interior of the freshly extruded material to improve the further processability of the material.
In packaging applications involving the application of a heat seal to close a package, a film with high shrink tension can sometimes undergo seal failure or weakening during a subsequent heat shrinking step. Where the seal is a lap seal, e.g. an overlap of film typically on the underside of a package, seal failure can result in loss, damage, or contamination of the packaged product.
The inventor has discovered that the lap seal strength of certain packaging films can be significantly improved by using a blend of ethylene propylene copolymer and polybutylene in the outer layers of such films.
Alternatively, the lap seal strength of certain packaging films can be significantly improved by using a blend of ethylene propylene copolymer and propylene butene copolymer in the outer layers of such films.
Films having outer layers comprising propylene butene copolymer are also beneficial.
DEFINITIONS
Unless specifically set forth and defined or limited, the terms "polymer" or "polymer resin" as used herein generally include homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, block, graft polymers, random, and alternating polymers.
The inventor has discovered that the lap seal strength of certain packaging films can be significantly improved by using a blend of ethylene propylene copolymer and polybutylene in the outer layers of such films.
Alternatively, the lap seal strength of certain packaging films can be significantly improved by using a blend of ethylene propylene copolymer and propylene butene copolymer in the outer layers of such films.
Films having outer layers comprising propylene butene copolymer are also beneficial.
DEFINITIONS
Unless specifically set forth and defined or limited, the terms "polymer" or "polymer resin" as used herein generally include homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, block, graft polymers, random, and alternating polymers.
The term "core" or "core layer" as used herein means a layer in a multilayer film which is enclosed on both sides by additional layers.
The term "skin" or "skin layer" as used herein means an outer (i.e., surface) layer of a multilayer film.
The term "intermediate" or "intermediate layers" as used herein means a layer of a multilayer film which is not a skin layer, and typically is an adhesive layer for bonding a core layer to a skin layer.
The term "linear low density polyethylene" (LLDPE) as used herein refers tc a copolymer of ethylene and 8~ or less of butene, octene or hexene having a density of from 0.910 to 0.925 and in which the molecules comprise long chains with few or no branches or cross-linked structures.
The term "linear medium density polyethlyene" (LNmPE) as used herein refers to a copolymer of ethylene and less than 8~ butene, octene or hexene having a density of from 0.926 to 0.940 and in which the molecules comprise long chains with few or no branches or cross-linked structures.
The term "polybutylene" (PB) as used herein refers to a thermoplastic resin, typically semicrystalline, based on butene-1.
The term "linear ethylene alpha olefin copolymer" (linear EAO) is used herein to refer to LLDPE, LMDPE, very low density polyethylene, and similar copolymers with a significant degree of linearity. Typical alpha olef ins are C4 through Ce comonomers.
The term "propylene butene copolymer" (PBC) as used herein refers to a thermoplastic resin formed from butene and propylene monomers wherein the propylene derived units are present as a major constituent, and the butene derived units are present as a minor constituent. The term "ethylene propylene copolymer" (EPC) -.
as used herein refers to a copolymer formed from ethylene and propylene monomers wherein the propylene derived units are present as a major constituent and the ethylene derived units are present as a minor constituent.
The term "propylene homopolymer" (PP) as used herein refers to a thermoplastic resin having a density of approximately 0.90 and made by polymerizing propylene with suitable catalysts as is well known in the art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has been discovered that a flexible thermoplastic packaging film having a desirable lap seal strength has been achieved by the mult.ilayer flexible, thermoplastic packaging film of the present invention. This multilayer film has a "core" layer that comprises a linear ethylene alpha olefin copolymer such as preferably linear low density polyethylene. Linear medium density polyethylene, very low density polyethylene, and propylene polymer or copolymer can also be used in the core layer. A preferred three layer embodiment also comprises, in addition to the above identi:Eied "core" layer, two skin Layers each comprising a blend of an ethylene propylene copolymer and a polybutylene. Preferably, the multilayer film is oriented so that it is heat shrinkable in at least one direction.
The multilayer film may be combined with other polymeric materials for specific applications. For instance, relatively thin layers may be added on either or both sides of the basic preferred three layer structure, or within the structure, to improve seal strength or to lower gas or moisture permeability.
Another embodiment of the present invention envisions a five layered film structure. A preferred five layer structure comprises the same core and skin layers as the above discussed three layer structure and additionally includes two intermediate layers each comprising a low ethylene content propylene copolymer, or other polymeric material which 7/920?10.2/SPECFLDR
i can adequately adhere the skin layers to the core layer.
Various polymeric adhesives are available which can function as the intermediate layers; some of these include carboxylic acid or acid anhydride moieties. Linear EAO is a suitable material.
In still other alternative embodiments, three and five layer film structures like those described above, but having a blend of EPC and propylene butene copolymer (PBC) in the skin layer can also be used beneficially in packaging applications.
Finally, a film comprising skin layers of PBC is also an alternative construction of benefit in the packaging field.
In a specific aspect, the invention provides a process in which a multilayer film which is oriented in at least one direction, comprising: (a) a core layer consisting essentially of a linear ethylene alpha olefin copolymer selected from the group consisting of: (i) linear medium density polyethylene having a density in the range 0.926 to 0.940; and (ii) linear low density polyethylene having a density in the range 0.910 to 0.925; and (b) two skin layers comprising a blend of 70 to 99~ by weight ethylene propylene copolymer and 1 to 30~ by weight polybutylene, is used to wrap an article and in which the film is sealed around the article in the process by contacting the two skin layers and lap sealing them together, and then heat treating the film to shrink it around the article.
There is also provided a packaged article produced by the above process, in which the seal when tested, as defined below, has a lap seal strength of more than 3.6 lb/in. (3.1 N/mm).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure I is a cross sectional view of a preferred three layered embodiment of the present invention.
Figure II is a cross sectional view of a preferred five layered embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to Figure I, which is a cross sectional view of a three layered preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is seen that this embodiment 10 comprises core layer 14 and skin layers 12 and 16. The preferred thickness ratio of the three layers of 1/3/1 is demonstrated in Figure I. A preferred core layer 14 constituent comprises a linear low density polyethylene. However, it is believed that linear medium density polyethylene and other linear ethylene alpha olefins can be substituted as a core layer constituent without substantial alteration of the characteristics of the final film product. The core layer 14 can also comprise propylene homopolymer or copolymer. The propylene homopolymer may be obtained from the Himont under the trade-mark PD064.
My experimentation has revealed that an especially preferred core layer formulation comprises linear low density polyethylene. This material may be obtained from the Dow Chemical Company under the trade-mark Dowlex 2045.
Returning to Figure I and, in particular, to skin layers 12 and 16, appropriate skin layer formulations can be EPC blended with PB.
Experimentation has also determined that a particularly preferred skin layer formulation comprises a blend of 1% to 30% PB with 70% to 99% EPC, more preferably 10% to 25% PB with 75% to 90% EPC, and most preferably 15%
to 20% PB with 80% to 85% EPC.
The ethylene propylene copolymer may be obtained from Fina under the trade-mark 8473. The PB may be obtained from Shell under the trade-mark 0300 and 8310.
An alternative skin layer comprises PBC, such as that available from Mitsui as Tafmer'"" XR 106L, 107L, and 110L. This material can optionally be blended with propylene polymer or copolymer. Preferred blends include 50% to 90% PP and/or EPC, more preferably 60% to 80% EPC, blended with 10% to 50%, more preferably 20% to 40% PBC.
Throughout this specification and claims all percentages are "by weight" percentages.
Throughout the specification and claims all references to density are in gm/cc.
In summary, my experimentation has determined that a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a core layer comprising linear low density polyethylene and skin layers comprising a blend of 10% to 25% of polybutylene with 75% to 90% ethylene propylene copolymer.
Although the above-discussed three layer formulations are generally preferred over structures having more than three layers as a result of the economics of manufacture, various five layer formulations are also satisfactory from a physical characteristics point of view.
However, the cost of manufacturing a five layer film is generally greater than that of a three layer film.
Figure II is a cross sectional view of a five layer film 18 of the present invention. The core layer 24 may comprise any of the core layer formulations discussed above with regard to the core layer 14 of the three layer embodiment.
The skin layers 20 and 28 of the five layer embodiment may comprise any of the skin layer formulations discussed above with regard to the skin layers 12 and 16 of the three layered embodiment of Figure I.
The five layered embodiment of Figure II also includes intermediate layers 22 and 26. These intermediate layers can comprise low ethylene content propylene copolymer, or other polymeric material such as linear EAO
which can adequately adhere the skin layers to the core layer. various polymeric adhesives are available which can function as the intermediate layers.
My experimentation has revealed that a particularly preferred five layer structure will comprise skin layers 20 and 28 which comprise a blend of 75% to 90%
of an ethylene propylene copolymer (EPC) and 10% to 25% of a polybutylene; intermediate layers 22 and 26 comprising a low ethylene content propylene copolymer; and a core layer 24 comprising a linear low density polyethylene. The EPC may be obtained from Fina under the trade-mark 8473. The PB may be obtained from Shell under the trade-mark 0300 and 8310.
The LLDPE may be obtained from the Dow Chemical Company under the trade-mark Dowlex 2045.
9a (V
Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that all of the above disclosed, by weight, percentages are subject to slight variation. Additionally, these percentages may vary slightly as a result of the inclusion or application of additives such as the silicone mist discussed below or agents such as slip and anti-block agents.
Additional layers and/or minor amounts of additives may be added to either the 3-layer or 5-layer structure of the present invention as desired.
In the preferred process for making the multilayer film of the present invention the basic steps are blending the polymers for the various layers, coextruding the layers to form a multilayer film, and then optionally stretching the film to biaxially orient. These steps and additional desirable steps will be explained in detail in the paragraphs which follow.
The process begins by blending the raw materials (i.e.
polymeric resins) in the proportions and .ranges desired as discussed above. The resins are usually purchased from a supplier in pellet form and can be blended in any one of a number of commercially available blenders as is well known in the art. During the blending process any additives and/or agents which are desired to be utilized are also incorporated.
The blended resins and applicable additives and/or agents are then fed into the hoppers of extruders which feed the coextrusion die, For the three-layer film at least three extruders need to be employed if each layer is to have a different composition. Two extruders are fed the materials desirable fox the inner and outer skin layers and 'the other extruder is fed the linear low or linear medium density polyethylene material which is desired for utilization in the core layer. Additional extruders may be employed, if desired. Preferably the materials are coextruded as a tube having a diameter which is dependent on the racking ratio and desired final diameter. This coextruded tube is relatively thick and is referred to as the "tape".
7/ 9207 ~.0 . 2/BPE~FLD1~, Circular coextrusion dies are well known in the art and can be purchased from a number of manufactures. In addition to tubular coextrusion, slot dies could be used to coextrude the material in planar form. Well known single or multilayer extrusion coating processes could also be employed if desired.
An additional process step which may be utilized is to irradiate the tape or unexpanded tubing or sheet by bombarding it with e.g. high-energy electrons from an accelator to cross-link at least part of 'the tape. Cross-linking greatly increases the structural strength of the film or the force at which the material can be stretched before tearing apart when the film materials are predominately ethylene such as polyethylene or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Irradiation also improves the optical properties of the film and changes the properties of the film.at higher temperatures. If an irradiation step is employed a preferred irradiation doseage level is in the range of 0.5MR to 12.OMR. MR .is an abbreviation for megarads. A megarad is 1 x 106 rads with a rad being the quantity of ionizing irradiation that xesults in the absorption of 100 ergs of energy per gram of irradiated material regardless of the source of the radiation. Tn some instances, it may be desirable to stretch the multilayer film first and then irradiate it, or, if sequential coating is employed one layer or a group of layers could be irradiated and then another layer or layers could be added before the final step of stretching and orienting.
An additional optional process step is the application of a fine silicon spray to the interior of the newly extruded tape.
Following coextrusion, quenching to cool, and if desired irradiation, the extruded tape is optionally reheated and is continuously inf7.ated by internal air pressure into a bubble thereby transforming the narrow tape with thick walls into a wide film with thin walls of the desired film thickness. this process is sometimes referred to as the "trapped bubble technique" of oriention or as "racking". After stretching, the bubble is then deflated and the film 7/920710.2/SPECFLDR
is wound onto semi-finished rolls called "mill rolls". The racking process orients the film, by stretching it transversly and, to some extent, longitudinally to rearrange the molecules and thus impart shrink capabilites to the film and modify the film's physical characteristics. Additional longitudinal or machine direction stretching may be accomplished by revolving the deflate rollers which aid in the collapsing of the "blown bubble" at a speed greater than that of the rolls which serve to transport the reheated "tape" to the racking or blown bubble area. Tenter framing can also be employed.
All of these methods of orientation are well known in the art.
The invention may be further understood by reference to the following tables. Table 1 identifies the resins used in the subsequent tables. Table 2 compares various physical properties of the films of Examples 2-5 with a control film of Example 1. The control film is TM
Cryovac's MPD 2055 shrink film. Table 3 has several additional examples of the present inventive film.
Hot slip properties referred to in the Tables are measured subjectively by taking the film to be tested, wrapping it around boxes, and running the boxes through a shrink tunnel. While the material is still warm, the boxes are shifted pass each other, and a value between 1 and 5 is assigned according to the ease with which the boxes slip or shift pass each other. The higher the number, the more slippery the film. The control MPD material, indicated as having a slip of 4 minus in Table 1, is usually in the 2 to 3 range, as shown for example in Table 2.
Cold slip involves the same procedure, but with the film cooling to room temperature before the slip test is made.
The benefit of slip values depends on the end use application. For example, sometimes low cold slip is beneficial, if movement of multiple packages as a unit is desired.
---.., Coefficient of friction (COF) is defined as the ratio of the force required to move or push a film covered sled of 50 grams mass, divided by the weight of 'the object. COF involves an objective ASTM procedure (ASTM D 1894) wherein a sled is covered with the film to be tested. A
track on which the sled will be moved is also covered with the same film. The film is therefore sliding against itself. COF provides a more objective test of slip.
Because it takes more effort to initiate slip than to continue slip (as a result of inertia), a graphic representation of COF
values would typically show an initial peak which represents static COF. The continuing curve on such a graph, representing the force needed to continue movement of the film covered sled against the film covered table, is referred to as kinetic COF.
In the Tables, the phrase "in" for the COF values refers to the fact that each of 'the film samples in contact with each other are positioned so that the surface of the film representing the interior surface of the film during the tubular extrusion from a die is in contact with a like surf ace on the second film sample.
Conversely, the phrase "out" in the table indicates that exterior surfaces of the film are placed against each other.
Note that Examples 7 and 8 differ in that the film of Example 7 was subjected to a silicone misting step as described above; the film of Example 8 was not.
Also, the skin layers of Examples 6 through 8 included about of slip and antiblock additives; the intermediate layers of Examples 6 through 8 included about 1/2 percent of slip additives.
The films of Examples 1 to 10 were made by the coextrusion processes described above, including the orientation steps but not including irradiation of the materials.
7/920710.2/SPECFLDR
_TABLE 1 ABBREVIATION
COMMERCIAL NAME SUPPLIER
TM
FINA
- (PP-Based Masterbatch) r.r.nPE1 - DOWLEXM 2045 DOW
SHELL
S~~
MITSUI
TM
PBC2 - TAFMEn ~;
'' =07L
. MITSUI
MITSUI
HIMONT
Note: NB1 is a masterbatch having about 90% polypropyleae and about 10% antiblock and slip agents.
2092~8~
( Control ) EXAMPLE NO. 1 2 3 4 5 Structure A/B/A A/B/A A/B/A A/B/A ~ A/
Where A= 87.5% EPC1 77.5% EPCl 67.5% EPC1 77.5% EPCl 67 + + +
12.5% P4B1 12.5% MB1 12.5% MBl 12.5% MB1 12 + + +
10 % PB, 20 % PB1 10 % PBz 20 and B= LLDPEl LLDPEl LLDPE1 LLDPEz LL:
Layer Ratio 1/3/1 1/3/1/ 1/3/1 1/3/1 1/:
Lap Seal Strength (lb/in) 2.9 5.0 7.5 5.4 5.
Hat Slip 4- 3 2- 2- 1 Cold Slip 3+ 3+ 3- 3- 2 COF,static/in0.335 0.367 0.315 0.254 0, COF,kinetic/in0.256 0.355 0.445 0.398 0.
COF,static/out0.354 0.275 0.314 0.293 0.;
COF;kinetic/out0.229 0.396 0.424 0.363 0.:
7/9207 10.2/SFECFLDR
~~Q~~~8 --.:.
EXAMPLE N0. 6 7 8 Structure A/B/C/B/A A/B/C/B/A A/B/C/B/A A/B/A A/
Where A= PBC, + PBCZ PBCZ 67.5% EPCl 47 +
20% PBC3 4U
+ ~
12.5% MB, 12 B= 87.50 EPC~ 87.5% EPC1 87.5% EPC, LLDPE,, LL
+ + +
12.50 PPy 12.5% PP,, 12.5% PP1 and C= LLDPE1 LLDPE1 LLDpEl Layer Ratio 1/2/4/2/1 1/2/4/2/1 1/2/4/2/1 1/3/1 1/.' Lap Seal Strength 7.6 5.3 5.3 3.6 5..
Hot Slip 2+ 1 1 1 1 Cold Slip 3 2 3+ 1 2-COF,static/in0.278 0.41 0.636 0.383 0.=
COF,kinetic/in0.17 0.203 0.237 0.253 0..
COF,static/out0.289 0.371 0.35 0.355 0..
COF,kinetic/out0.188 0.185 0.186 0.241 O.a 7/9207 10.2/SPECFLDR
Lap seal strengths indicated in the previous Tables were measured according to an internally developed test method as follows.
A standard sized gift box (approximately 10 inches x 7 inches x 2 inches) is loaded with a piece of plywood about 1/2 inch thick. The wood is added in order to keep the box on the conveyor belt when subjected to the movement of hot air inside the shrink tunnel. Film of the present invention is wrapped around the loaded box, forming a tube. The wrapping is done by means of a WeldotronM1400 wrapper. The film is aligned with respect to the box so that the machine direction of the film corresponds to the longest dimension of the box. After wrapping, the film tube is cut and simultaneously trim sealed using a hot wire. The lapped material is tacked in place along the length of the package using an electrostatic arc. The film is then shrunk around the box in a hot air shrink tunnel, and the heat of shrinking forms the lap seal bond. One inch strips are cut perpendicular to the lap seal, and the strength of this seal is measured with an Instron type tensile strength tester in a conventional manner.
It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples which indicate the presently preferred embodiments of the invention are given by way of illustration only since various 2~92~~4 -..
changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the above detailed description and examples, 7/920710.2/SPECFLD~t
The term "skin" or "skin layer" as used herein means an outer (i.e., surface) layer of a multilayer film.
The term "intermediate" or "intermediate layers" as used herein means a layer of a multilayer film which is not a skin layer, and typically is an adhesive layer for bonding a core layer to a skin layer.
The term "linear low density polyethylene" (LLDPE) as used herein refers tc a copolymer of ethylene and 8~ or less of butene, octene or hexene having a density of from 0.910 to 0.925 and in which the molecules comprise long chains with few or no branches or cross-linked structures.
The term "linear medium density polyethlyene" (LNmPE) as used herein refers to a copolymer of ethylene and less than 8~ butene, octene or hexene having a density of from 0.926 to 0.940 and in which the molecules comprise long chains with few or no branches or cross-linked structures.
The term "polybutylene" (PB) as used herein refers to a thermoplastic resin, typically semicrystalline, based on butene-1.
The term "linear ethylene alpha olefin copolymer" (linear EAO) is used herein to refer to LLDPE, LMDPE, very low density polyethylene, and similar copolymers with a significant degree of linearity. Typical alpha olef ins are C4 through Ce comonomers.
The term "propylene butene copolymer" (PBC) as used herein refers to a thermoplastic resin formed from butene and propylene monomers wherein the propylene derived units are present as a major constituent, and the butene derived units are present as a minor constituent. The term "ethylene propylene copolymer" (EPC) -.
as used herein refers to a copolymer formed from ethylene and propylene monomers wherein the propylene derived units are present as a major constituent and the ethylene derived units are present as a minor constituent.
The term "propylene homopolymer" (PP) as used herein refers to a thermoplastic resin having a density of approximately 0.90 and made by polymerizing propylene with suitable catalysts as is well known in the art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has been discovered that a flexible thermoplastic packaging film having a desirable lap seal strength has been achieved by the mult.ilayer flexible, thermoplastic packaging film of the present invention. This multilayer film has a "core" layer that comprises a linear ethylene alpha olefin copolymer such as preferably linear low density polyethylene. Linear medium density polyethylene, very low density polyethylene, and propylene polymer or copolymer can also be used in the core layer. A preferred three layer embodiment also comprises, in addition to the above identi:Eied "core" layer, two skin Layers each comprising a blend of an ethylene propylene copolymer and a polybutylene. Preferably, the multilayer film is oriented so that it is heat shrinkable in at least one direction.
The multilayer film may be combined with other polymeric materials for specific applications. For instance, relatively thin layers may be added on either or both sides of the basic preferred three layer structure, or within the structure, to improve seal strength or to lower gas or moisture permeability.
Another embodiment of the present invention envisions a five layered film structure. A preferred five layer structure comprises the same core and skin layers as the above discussed three layer structure and additionally includes two intermediate layers each comprising a low ethylene content propylene copolymer, or other polymeric material which 7/920?10.2/SPECFLDR
i can adequately adhere the skin layers to the core layer.
Various polymeric adhesives are available which can function as the intermediate layers; some of these include carboxylic acid or acid anhydride moieties. Linear EAO is a suitable material.
In still other alternative embodiments, three and five layer film structures like those described above, but having a blend of EPC and propylene butene copolymer (PBC) in the skin layer can also be used beneficially in packaging applications.
Finally, a film comprising skin layers of PBC is also an alternative construction of benefit in the packaging field.
In a specific aspect, the invention provides a process in which a multilayer film which is oriented in at least one direction, comprising: (a) a core layer consisting essentially of a linear ethylene alpha olefin copolymer selected from the group consisting of: (i) linear medium density polyethylene having a density in the range 0.926 to 0.940; and (ii) linear low density polyethylene having a density in the range 0.910 to 0.925; and (b) two skin layers comprising a blend of 70 to 99~ by weight ethylene propylene copolymer and 1 to 30~ by weight polybutylene, is used to wrap an article and in which the film is sealed around the article in the process by contacting the two skin layers and lap sealing them together, and then heat treating the film to shrink it around the article.
There is also provided a packaged article produced by the above process, in which the seal when tested, as defined below, has a lap seal strength of more than 3.6 lb/in. (3.1 N/mm).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure I is a cross sectional view of a preferred three layered embodiment of the present invention.
Figure II is a cross sectional view of a preferred five layered embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to Figure I, which is a cross sectional view of a three layered preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is seen that this embodiment 10 comprises core layer 14 and skin layers 12 and 16. The preferred thickness ratio of the three layers of 1/3/1 is demonstrated in Figure I. A preferred core layer 14 constituent comprises a linear low density polyethylene. However, it is believed that linear medium density polyethylene and other linear ethylene alpha olefins can be substituted as a core layer constituent without substantial alteration of the characteristics of the final film product. The core layer 14 can also comprise propylene homopolymer or copolymer. The propylene homopolymer may be obtained from the Himont under the trade-mark PD064.
My experimentation has revealed that an especially preferred core layer formulation comprises linear low density polyethylene. This material may be obtained from the Dow Chemical Company under the trade-mark Dowlex 2045.
Returning to Figure I and, in particular, to skin layers 12 and 16, appropriate skin layer formulations can be EPC blended with PB.
Experimentation has also determined that a particularly preferred skin layer formulation comprises a blend of 1% to 30% PB with 70% to 99% EPC, more preferably 10% to 25% PB with 75% to 90% EPC, and most preferably 15%
to 20% PB with 80% to 85% EPC.
The ethylene propylene copolymer may be obtained from Fina under the trade-mark 8473. The PB may be obtained from Shell under the trade-mark 0300 and 8310.
An alternative skin layer comprises PBC, such as that available from Mitsui as Tafmer'"" XR 106L, 107L, and 110L. This material can optionally be blended with propylene polymer or copolymer. Preferred blends include 50% to 90% PP and/or EPC, more preferably 60% to 80% EPC, blended with 10% to 50%, more preferably 20% to 40% PBC.
Throughout this specification and claims all percentages are "by weight" percentages.
Throughout the specification and claims all references to density are in gm/cc.
In summary, my experimentation has determined that a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a core layer comprising linear low density polyethylene and skin layers comprising a blend of 10% to 25% of polybutylene with 75% to 90% ethylene propylene copolymer.
Although the above-discussed three layer formulations are generally preferred over structures having more than three layers as a result of the economics of manufacture, various five layer formulations are also satisfactory from a physical characteristics point of view.
However, the cost of manufacturing a five layer film is generally greater than that of a three layer film.
Figure II is a cross sectional view of a five layer film 18 of the present invention. The core layer 24 may comprise any of the core layer formulations discussed above with regard to the core layer 14 of the three layer embodiment.
The skin layers 20 and 28 of the five layer embodiment may comprise any of the skin layer formulations discussed above with regard to the skin layers 12 and 16 of the three layered embodiment of Figure I.
The five layered embodiment of Figure II also includes intermediate layers 22 and 26. These intermediate layers can comprise low ethylene content propylene copolymer, or other polymeric material such as linear EAO
which can adequately adhere the skin layers to the core layer. various polymeric adhesives are available which can function as the intermediate layers.
My experimentation has revealed that a particularly preferred five layer structure will comprise skin layers 20 and 28 which comprise a blend of 75% to 90%
of an ethylene propylene copolymer (EPC) and 10% to 25% of a polybutylene; intermediate layers 22 and 26 comprising a low ethylene content propylene copolymer; and a core layer 24 comprising a linear low density polyethylene. The EPC may be obtained from Fina under the trade-mark 8473. The PB may be obtained from Shell under the trade-mark 0300 and 8310.
The LLDPE may be obtained from the Dow Chemical Company under the trade-mark Dowlex 2045.
9a (V
Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that all of the above disclosed, by weight, percentages are subject to slight variation. Additionally, these percentages may vary slightly as a result of the inclusion or application of additives such as the silicone mist discussed below or agents such as slip and anti-block agents.
Additional layers and/or minor amounts of additives may be added to either the 3-layer or 5-layer structure of the present invention as desired.
In the preferred process for making the multilayer film of the present invention the basic steps are blending the polymers for the various layers, coextruding the layers to form a multilayer film, and then optionally stretching the film to biaxially orient. These steps and additional desirable steps will be explained in detail in the paragraphs which follow.
The process begins by blending the raw materials (i.e.
polymeric resins) in the proportions and .ranges desired as discussed above. The resins are usually purchased from a supplier in pellet form and can be blended in any one of a number of commercially available blenders as is well known in the art. During the blending process any additives and/or agents which are desired to be utilized are also incorporated.
The blended resins and applicable additives and/or agents are then fed into the hoppers of extruders which feed the coextrusion die, For the three-layer film at least three extruders need to be employed if each layer is to have a different composition. Two extruders are fed the materials desirable fox the inner and outer skin layers and 'the other extruder is fed the linear low or linear medium density polyethylene material which is desired for utilization in the core layer. Additional extruders may be employed, if desired. Preferably the materials are coextruded as a tube having a diameter which is dependent on the racking ratio and desired final diameter. This coextruded tube is relatively thick and is referred to as the "tape".
7/ 9207 ~.0 . 2/BPE~FLD1~, Circular coextrusion dies are well known in the art and can be purchased from a number of manufactures. In addition to tubular coextrusion, slot dies could be used to coextrude the material in planar form. Well known single or multilayer extrusion coating processes could also be employed if desired.
An additional process step which may be utilized is to irradiate the tape or unexpanded tubing or sheet by bombarding it with e.g. high-energy electrons from an accelator to cross-link at least part of 'the tape. Cross-linking greatly increases the structural strength of the film or the force at which the material can be stretched before tearing apart when the film materials are predominately ethylene such as polyethylene or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Irradiation also improves the optical properties of the film and changes the properties of the film.at higher temperatures. If an irradiation step is employed a preferred irradiation doseage level is in the range of 0.5MR to 12.OMR. MR .is an abbreviation for megarads. A megarad is 1 x 106 rads with a rad being the quantity of ionizing irradiation that xesults in the absorption of 100 ergs of energy per gram of irradiated material regardless of the source of the radiation. Tn some instances, it may be desirable to stretch the multilayer film first and then irradiate it, or, if sequential coating is employed one layer or a group of layers could be irradiated and then another layer or layers could be added before the final step of stretching and orienting.
An additional optional process step is the application of a fine silicon spray to the interior of the newly extruded tape.
Following coextrusion, quenching to cool, and if desired irradiation, the extruded tape is optionally reheated and is continuously inf7.ated by internal air pressure into a bubble thereby transforming the narrow tape with thick walls into a wide film with thin walls of the desired film thickness. this process is sometimes referred to as the "trapped bubble technique" of oriention or as "racking". After stretching, the bubble is then deflated and the film 7/920710.2/SPECFLDR
is wound onto semi-finished rolls called "mill rolls". The racking process orients the film, by stretching it transversly and, to some extent, longitudinally to rearrange the molecules and thus impart shrink capabilites to the film and modify the film's physical characteristics. Additional longitudinal or machine direction stretching may be accomplished by revolving the deflate rollers which aid in the collapsing of the "blown bubble" at a speed greater than that of the rolls which serve to transport the reheated "tape" to the racking or blown bubble area. Tenter framing can also be employed.
All of these methods of orientation are well known in the art.
The invention may be further understood by reference to the following tables. Table 1 identifies the resins used in the subsequent tables. Table 2 compares various physical properties of the films of Examples 2-5 with a control film of Example 1. The control film is TM
Cryovac's MPD 2055 shrink film. Table 3 has several additional examples of the present inventive film.
Hot slip properties referred to in the Tables are measured subjectively by taking the film to be tested, wrapping it around boxes, and running the boxes through a shrink tunnel. While the material is still warm, the boxes are shifted pass each other, and a value between 1 and 5 is assigned according to the ease with which the boxes slip or shift pass each other. The higher the number, the more slippery the film. The control MPD material, indicated as having a slip of 4 minus in Table 1, is usually in the 2 to 3 range, as shown for example in Table 2.
Cold slip involves the same procedure, but with the film cooling to room temperature before the slip test is made.
The benefit of slip values depends on the end use application. For example, sometimes low cold slip is beneficial, if movement of multiple packages as a unit is desired.
---.., Coefficient of friction (COF) is defined as the ratio of the force required to move or push a film covered sled of 50 grams mass, divided by the weight of 'the object. COF involves an objective ASTM procedure (ASTM D 1894) wherein a sled is covered with the film to be tested. A
track on which the sled will be moved is also covered with the same film. The film is therefore sliding against itself. COF provides a more objective test of slip.
Because it takes more effort to initiate slip than to continue slip (as a result of inertia), a graphic representation of COF
values would typically show an initial peak which represents static COF. The continuing curve on such a graph, representing the force needed to continue movement of the film covered sled against the film covered table, is referred to as kinetic COF.
In the Tables, the phrase "in" for the COF values refers to the fact that each of 'the film samples in contact with each other are positioned so that the surface of the film representing the interior surface of the film during the tubular extrusion from a die is in contact with a like surf ace on the second film sample.
Conversely, the phrase "out" in the table indicates that exterior surfaces of the film are placed against each other.
Note that Examples 7 and 8 differ in that the film of Example 7 was subjected to a silicone misting step as described above; the film of Example 8 was not.
Also, the skin layers of Examples 6 through 8 included about of slip and antiblock additives; the intermediate layers of Examples 6 through 8 included about 1/2 percent of slip additives.
The films of Examples 1 to 10 were made by the coextrusion processes described above, including the orientation steps but not including irradiation of the materials.
7/920710.2/SPECFLDR
_TABLE 1 ABBREVIATION
COMMERCIAL NAME SUPPLIER
TM
FINA
- (PP-Based Masterbatch) r.r.nPE1 - DOWLEXM 2045 DOW
SHELL
S~~
MITSUI
TM
PBC2 - TAFMEn ~;
'' =07L
. MITSUI
MITSUI
HIMONT
Note: NB1 is a masterbatch having about 90% polypropyleae and about 10% antiblock and slip agents.
2092~8~
( Control ) EXAMPLE NO. 1 2 3 4 5 Structure A/B/A A/B/A A/B/A A/B/A ~ A/
Where A= 87.5% EPC1 77.5% EPCl 67.5% EPC1 77.5% EPCl 67 + + +
12.5% P4B1 12.5% MB1 12.5% MBl 12.5% MB1 12 + + +
10 % PB, 20 % PB1 10 % PBz 20 and B= LLDPEl LLDPEl LLDPE1 LLDPEz LL:
Layer Ratio 1/3/1 1/3/1/ 1/3/1 1/3/1 1/:
Lap Seal Strength (lb/in) 2.9 5.0 7.5 5.4 5.
Hat Slip 4- 3 2- 2- 1 Cold Slip 3+ 3+ 3- 3- 2 COF,static/in0.335 0.367 0.315 0.254 0, COF,kinetic/in0.256 0.355 0.445 0.398 0.
COF,static/out0.354 0.275 0.314 0.293 0.;
COF;kinetic/out0.229 0.396 0.424 0.363 0.:
7/9207 10.2/SFECFLDR
~~Q~~~8 --.:.
EXAMPLE N0. 6 7 8 Structure A/B/C/B/A A/B/C/B/A A/B/C/B/A A/B/A A/
Where A= PBC, + PBCZ PBCZ 67.5% EPCl 47 +
20% PBC3 4U
+ ~
12.5% MB, 12 B= 87.50 EPC~ 87.5% EPC1 87.5% EPC, LLDPE,, LL
+ + +
12.50 PPy 12.5% PP,, 12.5% PP1 and C= LLDPE1 LLDPE1 LLDpEl Layer Ratio 1/2/4/2/1 1/2/4/2/1 1/2/4/2/1 1/3/1 1/.' Lap Seal Strength 7.6 5.3 5.3 3.6 5..
Hot Slip 2+ 1 1 1 1 Cold Slip 3 2 3+ 1 2-COF,static/in0.278 0.41 0.636 0.383 0.=
COF,kinetic/in0.17 0.203 0.237 0.253 0..
COF,static/out0.289 0.371 0.35 0.355 0..
COF,kinetic/out0.188 0.185 0.186 0.241 O.a 7/9207 10.2/SPECFLDR
Lap seal strengths indicated in the previous Tables were measured according to an internally developed test method as follows.
A standard sized gift box (approximately 10 inches x 7 inches x 2 inches) is loaded with a piece of plywood about 1/2 inch thick. The wood is added in order to keep the box on the conveyor belt when subjected to the movement of hot air inside the shrink tunnel. Film of the present invention is wrapped around the loaded box, forming a tube. The wrapping is done by means of a WeldotronM1400 wrapper. The film is aligned with respect to the box so that the machine direction of the film corresponds to the longest dimension of the box. After wrapping, the film tube is cut and simultaneously trim sealed using a hot wire. The lapped material is tacked in place along the length of the package using an electrostatic arc. The film is then shrunk around the box in a hot air shrink tunnel, and the heat of shrinking forms the lap seal bond. One inch strips are cut perpendicular to the lap seal, and the strength of this seal is measured with an Instron type tensile strength tester in a conventional manner.
It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples which indicate the presently preferred embodiments of the invention are given by way of illustration only since various 2~92~~4 -..
changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the above detailed description and examples, 7/920710.2/SPECFLD~t
Claims (7)
1. A process in which a multilayer film which is oriented in at least one direction, comprising:
(a) a core layer consisting essentially of a linear ethylene alpha olefin copolymer selected from the group consisting of:
(i) linear medium density polyethylene having a density in the range 0.926 to 0.940; and (ii) linear low density polyethylene having a density in the range 0.910 to 0.925; and (b) two skin layers comprising a blend of 70 to 99% by weight ethylene propylene copolymer and 1 to 30% by weight polybutylene, is used to wrap an article and in which the film is sealed around the article in the process by contacting the two skin layers and lap sealing them together, and then heat treating the film to shrink it around the article.
(a) a core layer consisting essentially of a linear ethylene alpha olefin copolymer selected from the group consisting of:
(i) linear medium density polyethylene having a density in the range 0.926 to 0.940; and (ii) linear low density polyethylene having a density in the range 0.910 to 0.925; and (b) two skin layers comprising a blend of 70 to 99% by weight ethylene propylene copolymer and 1 to 30% by weight polybutylene, is used to wrap an article and in which the film is sealed around the article in the process by contacting the two skin layers and lap sealing them together, and then heat treating the film to shrink it around the article.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the two skin layers are formed of the same polymeric material.
3. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein the two skin layers each comprise a blend of 75 to 90% ethylene propylene copolymer and 10 to 25% polybutylene.
4. The process of any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the film further comprises at least two intermediate layers comprising a polymeric adhesive.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the polymeric adhesive is a low ethylene content ethylene propylene copolymer or a linear ethylene alpha olefin copolymer.
6. The process of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one layer of the film is cross-linked.
7. A packaged article produced by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the seal when tested according to the lap seal test has a lap seal strength of more than 3.6 lb/in (3.1 N/mm).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US935,696 | 1992-08-21 | ||
US07/935,696 US5298302A (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1992-08-21 | Film with improved lap seal |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2092984A1 CA2092984A1 (en) | 1994-02-22 |
CA2092984C true CA2092984C (en) | 2003-07-29 |
Family
ID=25467526
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2092984 Expired - Lifetime CA2092984C (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1993-03-30 | Film with improved lap seal |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5298302A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0586160A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2092984C (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ248205A (en) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4205555A1 (en) * | 1992-02-24 | 1993-08-26 | Hoechst Ag | SINGLE-LOW SEALING TRANSPARENT POLYOLEFIN MULTILAYER FOIL, PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND THEIR USE |
IT1256051B (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1995-11-21 | Soten | HEAT-SHRINK CO-EXTRUDED FILM AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION. |
DE69503560T2 (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1999-03-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Polypropylene composition for laminated and oriented films and laminated and oriented film made from them |
JPH0825593A (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1996-01-30 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Self-adhesive wrapping film |
US5834077A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1998-11-10 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | High shrink multilayer film which maintains optics upon shrinking |
NZ280151A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1997-12-19 | Grace W R & Co | Heat-shrinkable, multilayer packaging film which maintains transparency after shrinking |
US5837335A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1998-11-17 | Cryovac, Inc. | High shrink multilayer film which maintains optics upon shrinking |
US6291063B1 (en) | 1994-11-07 | 2001-09-18 | Cryovac, Inc. | Film containing silicon oil and antiblocking agent |
WO1996039297A1 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-12 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Heat resistant pressure sensitive adhesive constructions |
US5741563A (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1998-04-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Shrink films from propylene polymers |
IT1277095B1 (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-11-04 | Montell Technology Company Bv | MULTI-LAYER HEAT-SHRINK FILM |
IT1281198B1 (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1998-02-17 | Montell Technology Company Bv | SHRINK FILMS BASED ON POLYOLEFIN COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING A LINEAR COPOLYMER OF ETHYLENE WITH ALPHA-OLEFINS |
US5958686A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1999-09-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Simple PCR technique for detecting and differentiating bacterial pathogens |
CA2207698C (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2005-08-16 | Trevor Curtis Arthurs | Multilayered polyolefin high shrinkage, low shrink force shrink film |
IT1292138B1 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1999-01-25 | Montell Technology Company Bv | EXTENSIBLE MULTILAYER FILM |
CA2372954C (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2009-05-26 | Basell Technology Company Bv | Multilayer heat-shrinkable sealable films |
US6887582B2 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2005-05-03 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Polyolefin film for use in cold seal cohesive applications |
MXPA05000289A (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2005-09-20 | Pliant Corp | Lap sealable film with a peel layer. |
US20050244661A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2005-11-03 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Biaxially oriented polyolefin film for cold seal application |
DE50309369D1 (en) * | 2003-08-16 | 2008-04-24 | Renolit Ag | Multi-layer film for the production of labels |
US7244507B2 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2007-07-17 | Intertape Polymer Corp. | Silicone-free multilayer shrink film for high speed packaging lines |
CN102137757A (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2011-07-27 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Films, articles prepared therefrom, and methods of making the same |
BRPI0910499A2 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2020-08-18 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | film and perforated film |
US8147934B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 | 2012-04-03 | Curwood, Inc. | Easy-open packages formed from peelable thermoplastic laminates |
BR112012010897B1 (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2019-09-10 | Basell Poliolefine Italia Srl | "heat shrinkable films" |
WO2012031953A1 (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-03-15 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. | Polyolefin compositions having improved sealability |
US9403347B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2016-08-02 | Berry Plastics Corporation | Peelable closure for container |
JP2017165937A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-21 | 三井化学株式会社 | Composition and molded body |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3022543A (en) | 1958-02-07 | 1962-02-27 | Grace W R & Co | Method of producing film having improved shrink energy |
US3821182A (en) | 1961-12-05 | 1974-06-28 | Grace W R & Co | Method for preparing of film of a vinylidene chloride polymer |
US4048428A (en) | 1961-12-05 | 1977-09-13 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Method for preparing a film of vinylidene chloride polymer |
GB1497577A (en) * | 1975-06-11 | 1978-01-12 | Ici Ltd | Film-forming olefin polymer compositions |
US4194039A (en) * | 1978-04-17 | 1980-03-18 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Multi-layer polyolefin shrink film |
US4188443A (en) | 1978-08-30 | 1980-02-12 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Multi-layer polyester/polyolefin shrink film |
US4274900A (en) | 1978-08-30 | 1981-06-23 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Multi-layer polyester/polyolefin shrink film |
US4229241A (en) | 1978-12-04 | 1980-10-21 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Process for making a multi layer polyolefin shrink film |
US4391862A (en) * | 1981-07-02 | 1983-07-05 | W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Division | Pasteurizable thermoplastic film and receptacle therefrom |
CA1199567A (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1986-01-21 | Walter B. Mueller | Linear polyethylene shrink films |
US4786562A (en) * | 1986-07-11 | 1988-11-22 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polypropylene multi-layer film |
AU599750B2 (en) * | 1987-03-09 | 1990-07-26 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Multi-layer shrink film |
GB2221649B (en) * | 1988-08-11 | 1992-04-29 | Okura Industrial Co Ltd | Heat shrinkable composite film and packaging method using same |
-
1992
- 1992-08-21 US US07/935,696 patent/US5298302A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-03-30 CA CA 2092984 patent/CA2092984C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-20 NZ NZ248205A patent/NZ248205A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-23 EP EP19930306650 patent/EP0586160A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0586160A1 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
CA2092984A1 (en) | 1994-02-22 |
NZ248205A (en) | 1996-08-27 |
US5298302A (en) | 1994-03-29 |
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