CA2138507A1 - Methods of inhibiting sexual precocity - Google Patents
Methods of inhibiting sexual precocityInfo
- Publication number
- CA2138507A1 CA2138507A1 CA002138507A CA2138507A CA2138507A1 CA 2138507 A1 CA2138507 A1 CA 2138507A1 CA 002138507 A CA002138507 A CA 002138507A CA 2138507 A CA2138507 A CA 2138507A CA 2138507 A1 CA2138507 A1 CA 2138507A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- estrogen
- precocity
- raloxifene
- sexual precocity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4535—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a heterocyclic ring having sulfur as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pizotifen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/38—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/4025—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. cromakalim
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/02—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
Abstract
A method of inhibiting sexual precocity comprising administering to a human in need thereof an effective amount of a compound having the formula (I) wherein R1 and R3 are independently hydrogen, -CH3, , or , wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidine, hexamethyleneamino, and piperidino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of solvate thereof.
R2 is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidine, hexamethyleneamino, and piperidino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of solvate thereof.
Description
21~85~7 -METHODS OF INHIBITING SEXUAL PRECOCITY
Sexual precocity is defined as the appearance of any sign of secondary sexual maturation at an age more than two standard deviations below the mean (age 8 for girls).
In cases of sexual precocity, production of endogenous estrogen at an early age results in the premature onset of puberty. Several different forms of sexual precocity, also termed precocious puberty, have been identified including true precocious puberty (complete isosexual precocity), incomplete isosexual precocity, and contrasexual precocity.
Variations include premature thelarche, premature isolated menarche, and premature adrenarche.
Complete isosexual precocity results from early activation of hypothalamic LHRH pulse generator pituitary gonadotropin-gonadal axis and is thus LHRH dependent. This form of precocious puberty is more prevalent in girls than boys and results in the appearance of breast development, enlargement of the laboria minora, and maturational changes in the vaginal mucosa along with pubic hair appearance.
Accordingly, sexual maturation is more rapid than in normal puberty. The rapid growth is associated with increases in serum IGFI levels because of increased gonadal estrogen secretion. True precocious puberty often results from CNS
tumors (including optic and hypothalamic gliomas, astrocytomas, and ependymonas) which interfere with the LHRH pulse generator in childhood. Other CNS diseases often association with this form of early puberty include hydrocephalus, encephalitis, static cerebral encephalopathy and brain abcess.
Currently, three principal agents have been used to treat true precocious puberty including medroxyprogesterone acetate, cyproterone acetate, and LHRH
agonists. The former two agents reverse or stop secondary sexual characteristics but do not effect final height, particularly for girls. The lack of effect on final height .
-is presumably due to the action of circulating estradiol on skeletal growth. Thus, these agents do not correct for the excessive amount of circulating estradiol. LHRH agonists are currently the therapy of choice for true precocious puberty and act to block the effects endogenous LHRH and functions as selective, highly specific inhibitors of estrogen secretion without interfering directly with the release of other pituitary hormones. Discontinuing treatment results in reversal of estrogen suppression and allows for progression of sexual maturation. Side effects include local systematic allergic reactions.
Incomplete isosexual precocity results from premature estrogen production independent of endogenous LHRH secretion. In girls, this disorder results from autonomous secretion of estrogen by ovarian cysts or tumors, an adrenal neoplasm, or inadvertent exposure to estrogen. Ovarian masses which produce estrogen include autonomous ovarian follicular cysts, granulosa cell tumor of the ovary, as well as others. Other variations of this disorder include McCune-Albright Syndrome and juvenile hypothyroidism.
This invention provides methods for inhibiting sexual precocity comprising administering to a human in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula I
,~ OCH2CH2--R2 ~
R10/~ ~ oR3 (I) wherein Rl and R3 are independently hydrogen, O O
-CH3 -C-(Cl-C 6 alkyl), or -C-Ar , wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidino, hexamethyleneimino, and piperidino; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.
The current invention concerns the discovery that a select group of 2-phenyl-3-aroylbenzothiophenes (benzothiophenes), those of formula I, are useful for inhibiting sexual precocity. The methods of use provided by this invention are practiced by administering to a human in need thereof a dose of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, that is effective to inhibit sexual precocity or attending symptoms. The term inhibit is defined to include its generally accepted meaning which includes prophylactical administration to a human subject to incurring sexual precocity or its symptoms, and holding in check and/or treating existing sexual precocity or its symptoms. As such, the present method includes both medical therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment, as appropriate.
Raloxifene, a compound of this invention wherein it is the hydrochloride salt of a compound of formula 1, Rl and R3 are hydrogen and R2 is l-piperidinyl, is a nuclear regulatory molecule. Raloxifene has been shown to bind to the estrogen receptor and was originally thought to be a molecule whose function and pharmacology was that of an anti-estrogen in that it blocked the ability of estrogen to activate uterine tissue and estrogen dependent breast cancers. Indeed, raloxifene does block the action of estrogen in some cells; however in other cell types, raloxifene activates the same genes as estrogen does and displays the same pharmacology, e.g., osteoporosis, ` 2138~07 hyperlipidemia. As a result, raloxifene has been referred to as an anti-estrogen with mixed agonist-antagonist properties. The unique profile which raloxifene displays and differs from that of estrogen is now thought to be due to the unique activation and/or suppression of various gene functions by the raloxifene-estrogen receptor complex as opposed to the activation and/or suppression of genes by the estrogen-estrogen receptor complex. Therefore, although raloxifene and estrogen utilize and compete for the same receptor, the pharmacological outcome from gene regulation of the two is not easily predicted and is unique to each.
Generally, the compound is formulated with common excipients, diluents or carriers, and compressed into tablets, or formulated as elixirs or solutions for convenient oral administration, or administered by the intramuscular or intravenous routes. The compounds can be administered transdermally, and may be formulated as sustained release dosage forms and the like.
The compounds used in the methods of the current invention can be made according to established procedures, such as those detailed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,133,814, 4,418,068, and 4,380,635 all of which are incorporated by reference herein. In general, the process starts with a benzo[b]thiophene having a 6-hydroxyl group and a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) group. The starting compound is protected, acylated, and deprotected to form the formula I compounds.
Examples of the preparation of such compounds are provided in the U.S. patents discussed above. Optionally substituted phenyl includes phenyl and phenyl substituted once or twice with Cl-C6 alkyl, Cl-C4 alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, chloro, fluoro, or tri(chloro or fluoro)methyl.
The compounds used in the methods of this invention form pharmaceutically acceptable acid and base addition salts with a wide variety of organic and inorganic acids and bases and include the physiologically acceptable salts which are often used in pharmaceutical chemistry.
Such salts are also part of this invention. Typical inorganic acids used to form such salts include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, sulfuric, phosphoric, hypophosphoric and the like. Salts derived from organic acids, such as aliphatic mono and dicarboxylic acids, phenyl substituted alkanoic acids, hydroxyalkanoic and hydroxyalkandioic acids, aromatic acids, aliphatic and aromatic sulfonic acids, may also be used. Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts thus include acetate, phenylacetate, trifluoroacetate, acrylate, ascorbate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, methylbenzoate, o-acetoxybenzoate, naphthalene-2-benzoate, bromide, isobutyrate, phenylbutyrate, ~-hydroxybutyrate, butyne-1,4-dioate, hexyne-1,4-dioate, caprate, caprylate, chloride, cinn~m~te, citrate, formate, fumarate, glycollate, heptanoate, hippurate, lactate, malate, maleate, hydroxymaleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, nicotinate, isonicotinate, nitrate, oxalate, phthalate, teraphthalate, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, propiolate, propionate, phenylpropionate, salicylate, sebacate, succinate, suberate, sulfate, bisulfate, pyrosulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, sulfonate, benzene-sulfonate, p-bromophenylsulfonate, chlorobenzenesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, methanesulfonate, naphthalene-l-sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, xylenesulfonate, tartarate, and the like. A preferred salt is the hydrochloride salt.
The pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts are typically formed by reacting a compound of formula I with an equimolar or excess amount of acid. The reactants are generally combined in a mutual solvent such as diethyl ether or benzene. The salt normally precipitates out of solution within about one hour to 10 days and can be isolated by filtration or the solvent can be stripped off by conventional means.
Bases commonly used for formation of salts include ammonium hydroxide and alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, as well as aliphatic and primary, secondary and tertiary amines, aliphatic diamines.
Bases especially useful in the preparation of addition salts include ammonium hvdroxide, potassium carbonate, methylamine, diethylamine, ethylene diamine and cyclohexylamine.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts generally have enhanced solubility characteristics compared to the compound from which they are derived, and thus are often more amenable to formulation as liquids or emulsions.
Pharmaceutical formulations can be prepared by procedures known in the art. For example, the compounds can be formulated with common excipients, diluents, or carriers, and formed into tablets, capsules, suspensions, powders, and the like. Examples of excipients, diluents, and carriers that are suitable for such formulations include the following: fillers and extenders such as starch, sugars, mannitol, and silicic derivatives; binding agents such as carboxymethyl cellulose and other cellulose derivatives, alginates, gelatin, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone;
moisturizing agents such as glycerol; disintegrating agents such as calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate; agents for retarding dissolution such as paraffin; resorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds; surface active agents such as cetyl alcohol, glycerol monostearate;
adsorptive carriers such as kaolin and bentonite; and lubricants such as talc, calcium and magnesium stearate, and solid polyethyl glycols.
The compounds can also be formulated as elixirs or solutions for convenient oral administration or as solutions appropriate for parenteral administration, for instance by intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous ` ~13~7 routes. Additionally, the compounds are well suited to formulation as sustained release dosage forms and the like.
The formulations can be so constituted that they release the active ingredient only or preferably in a particular part of the intestinal tract, possibly over a period of time. The coatings, envelopes, and protective matrices may be made, for example, from polymeric substances or waxes.
The particular dosage of a compound of formula I
required to inhibit sexual precocity, or attending symptoms, according to this invention will depend upon the severity of the condition, the route of administration, and related factors that will be decided by the attending physician. Generally, accepted and effective daily doses will be from about 0.1 to about 1000 mg/day, and more typically from about 50 to about 200 mg/day. Such dosages will be administered to a subject in need thereof from once to about three times each day, or more often as needed to effectively treat or prevent sexual precocity, or symptoms thereof. It also may be advantageous to administor a progestin or LHRH agonist with a compound of formula 1.
It is usually preferred to administer a compound of formula I in the form of an acid addition salt, as is customary in the administration of pharmaceuticals bearing a basic group, such as the piperidino ring. It is also advantageous to administer such a compound by the oral route. For such purposes the following oral dosage forms are available.
Formulations In the formulations which follow, ~active ingredient" means a compound of formula I.
Formulation 1: Gelatin Capsules Hard gelatin capsules are prepared using the following:
IngredientQuantity (mg/capsule) Active ingredient 0.1 - 1000 Starch, NF O - 650 Starch flowable powder0 - 650 Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 0 - 15 The ingredients are blended, passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve, and filled into hard gelatin capsules.
Examples of specific capsule formulations of raloxifene, that have been made include those shown below:
Formulation 2: Raloxifene capsule IngredientQuantity (mg/capsule) Raloxifene Starch, NF 112 Starch flowable powder 225.3 Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 1.7 Formulation 3: Raloxifene capsule IngredientQuantity (mg/capsule) Raloxifene 5 Starch, NF 108 Starch flowable powder 225.3 Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 1.7 Formulation 4: Raloxifene capsule Ingredient Quantity (mg/capsule) Raloxifene 10 Starch, NF 103 Starch flowable powder 225.3 Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 1.7 Formulation 5: Raloxifene capsule IngredientQuantity (mg/capsule) Raloxifene 50 Starch, NF 150 Starch flowable powder 397 Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 3.0 The specific formulations above may be changed in compliance with the reasonable variations provided.
A tablet formulation is prepared using the ingredients below:
Formulation 6: Tablets Ingredient Quantity (mg/tablet) Active ingredient 0.1 - 1000 Cellulose, microcrystalline0 - 650 Silicon dioxide, fumed0 - 650 Stearate acid 0 - 15 The components are blended and compressed to form tablets.
Alternatively, tablets each containing 0.1 -1000 mg of active ingredient are made up as follows:
`` 2138~07 x-9490 -10-Formulation 7: Tablets Ingredient Quantity (mg/tablet) Active ingredient 0.1 - 1000 Starch 45 Cellulose, microcrystalline 35 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 4 (as 10% solution in water) Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 4.5 Magnesium stearate 0.5 Talc The active ingredient, starch, and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powders which are then passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so produced are dried at 50-60 C and passed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve.
The sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate, and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 U.S. sieve, are then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a tablet machine to yield tablets.
Suspensions each containing 0.1 - 1000 mg of medicament per 5 mL dose are made as follows:
- ` 2138507 -Formulation 8: Suspensions IngredientQuantity (mg/5 ml) Active ingredient0.1 - 1000 mg Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 50 mg Syrup 1.25 mg Benzoic acid solution 0.10 mL
Flavor q.v.
Color q.v.
Purified water to5 mL
The medicament is passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and syrup to form a smooth paste. The benzoic acid solution, flavor, and color are diluted with some of the water and added, with stirring. Sufficient water is then added to produce the required volume.
TEST PROCEDURE
Five to fifty females are selected for the clinical study. The females are between the ages of twelve and eighteen and have been diagnosed with sexual precocity, but are in good general health otherwise. The study has a placebo control group, i.e., the females are divided into two groups, one of which receives the active agent of this invention and the other receives a placebo. Females in the test group receive between 50-200 mg of the active agent per day by the oral route. They continue this therapy for 2-12 months. Accurate records are kept as to the status of the problem and symptoms thereof in both groups and at the end of the study these results are compared. The results are compared both between members of each group and also the results for each patient are compared to the status reported on each patient before the study began.
` .-. 2138507 Utility of the compounds of the invention is illustrated by the positive impact they have on sexual precocity and/or one or more of its attending symptoms when used in a study as above.
Sexual precocity is defined as the appearance of any sign of secondary sexual maturation at an age more than two standard deviations below the mean (age 8 for girls).
In cases of sexual precocity, production of endogenous estrogen at an early age results in the premature onset of puberty. Several different forms of sexual precocity, also termed precocious puberty, have been identified including true precocious puberty (complete isosexual precocity), incomplete isosexual precocity, and contrasexual precocity.
Variations include premature thelarche, premature isolated menarche, and premature adrenarche.
Complete isosexual precocity results from early activation of hypothalamic LHRH pulse generator pituitary gonadotropin-gonadal axis and is thus LHRH dependent. This form of precocious puberty is more prevalent in girls than boys and results in the appearance of breast development, enlargement of the laboria minora, and maturational changes in the vaginal mucosa along with pubic hair appearance.
Accordingly, sexual maturation is more rapid than in normal puberty. The rapid growth is associated with increases in serum IGFI levels because of increased gonadal estrogen secretion. True precocious puberty often results from CNS
tumors (including optic and hypothalamic gliomas, astrocytomas, and ependymonas) which interfere with the LHRH pulse generator in childhood. Other CNS diseases often association with this form of early puberty include hydrocephalus, encephalitis, static cerebral encephalopathy and brain abcess.
Currently, three principal agents have been used to treat true precocious puberty including medroxyprogesterone acetate, cyproterone acetate, and LHRH
agonists. The former two agents reverse or stop secondary sexual characteristics but do not effect final height, particularly for girls. The lack of effect on final height .
-is presumably due to the action of circulating estradiol on skeletal growth. Thus, these agents do not correct for the excessive amount of circulating estradiol. LHRH agonists are currently the therapy of choice for true precocious puberty and act to block the effects endogenous LHRH and functions as selective, highly specific inhibitors of estrogen secretion without interfering directly with the release of other pituitary hormones. Discontinuing treatment results in reversal of estrogen suppression and allows for progression of sexual maturation. Side effects include local systematic allergic reactions.
Incomplete isosexual precocity results from premature estrogen production independent of endogenous LHRH secretion. In girls, this disorder results from autonomous secretion of estrogen by ovarian cysts or tumors, an adrenal neoplasm, or inadvertent exposure to estrogen. Ovarian masses which produce estrogen include autonomous ovarian follicular cysts, granulosa cell tumor of the ovary, as well as others. Other variations of this disorder include McCune-Albright Syndrome and juvenile hypothyroidism.
This invention provides methods for inhibiting sexual precocity comprising administering to a human in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula I
,~ OCH2CH2--R2 ~
R10/~ ~ oR3 (I) wherein Rl and R3 are independently hydrogen, O O
-CH3 -C-(Cl-C 6 alkyl), or -C-Ar , wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidino, hexamethyleneimino, and piperidino; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.
The current invention concerns the discovery that a select group of 2-phenyl-3-aroylbenzothiophenes (benzothiophenes), those of formula I, are useful for inhibiting sexual precocity. The methods of use provided by this invention are practiced by administering to a human in need thereof a dose of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, that is effective to inhibit sexual precocity or attending symptoms. The term inhibit is defined to include its generally accepted meaning which includes prophylactical administration to a human subject to incurring sexual precocity or its symptoms, and holding in check and/or treating existing sexual precocity or its symptoms. As such, the present method includes both medical therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment, as appropriate.
Raloxifene, a compound of this invention wherein it is the hydrochloride salt of a compound of formula 1, Rl and R3 are hydrogen and R2 is l-piperidinyl, is a nuclear regulatory molecule. Raloxifene has been shown to bind to the estrogen receptor and was originally thought to be a molecule whose function and pharmacology was that of an anti-estrogen in that it blocked the ability of estrogen to activate uterine tissue and estrogen dependent breast cancers. Indeed, raloxifene does block the action of estrogen in some cells; however in other cell types, raloxifene activates the same genes as estrogen does and displays the same pharmacology, e.g., osteoporosis, ` 2138~07 hyperlipidemia. As a result, raloxifene has been referred to as an anti-estrogen with mixed agonist-antagonist properties. The unique profile which raloxifene displays and differs from that of estrogen is now thought to be due to the unique activation and/or suppression of various gene functions by the raloxifene-estrogen receptor complex as opposed to the activation and/or suppression of genes by the estrogen-estrogen receptor complex. Therefore, although raloxifene and estrogen utilize and compete for the same receptor, the pharmacological outcome from gene regulation of the two is not easily predicted and is unique to each.
Generally, the compound is formulated with common excipients, diluents or carriers, and compressed into tablets, or formulated as elixirs or solutions for convenient oral administration, or administered by the intramuscular or intravenous routes. The compounds can be administered transdermally, and may be formulated as sustained release dosage forms and the like.
The compounds used in the methods of the current invention can be made according to established procedures, such as those detailed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,133,814, 4,418,068, and 4,380,635 all of which are incorporated by reference herein. In general, the process starts with a benzo[b]thiophene having a 6-hydroxyl group and a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) group. The starting compound is protected, acylated, and deprotected to form the formula I compounds.
Examples of the preparation of such compounds are provided in the U.S. patents discussed above. Optionally substituted phenyl includes phenyl and phenyl substituted once or twice with Cl-C6 alkyl, Cl-C4 alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, chloro, fluoro, or tri(chloro or fluoro)methyl.
The compounds used in the methods of this invention form pharmaceutically acceptable acid and base addition salts with a wide variety of organic and inorganic acids and bases and include the physiologically acceptable salts which are often used in pharmaceutical chemistry.
Such salts are also part of this invention. Typical inorganic acids used to form such salts include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, sulfuric, phosphoric, hypophosphoric and the like. Salts derived from organic acids, such as aliphatic mono and dicarboxylic acids, phenyl substituted alkanoic acids, hydroxyalkanoic and hydroxyalkandioic acids, aromatic acids, aliphatic and aromatic sulfonic acids, may also be used. Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts thus include acetate, phenylacetate, trifluoroacetate, acrylate, ascorbate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, methylbenzoate, o-acetoxybenzoate, naphthalene-2-benzoate, bromide, isobutyrate, phenylbutyrate, ~-hydroxybutyrate, butyne-1,4-dioate, hexyne-1,4-dioate, caprate, caprylate, chloride, cinn~m~te, citrate, formate, fumarate, glycollate, heptanoate, hippurate, lactate, malate, maleate, hydroxymaleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, nicotinate, isonicotinate, nitrate, oxalate, phthalate, teraphthalate, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, propiolate, propionate, phenylpropionate, salicylate, sebacate, succinate, suberate, sulfate, bisulfate, pyrosulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, sulfonate, benzene-sulfonate, p-bromophenylsulfonate, chlorobenzenesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, methanesulfonate, naphthalene-l-sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, xylenesulfonate, tartarate, and the like. A preferred salt is the hydrochloride salt.
The pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts are typically formed by reacting a compound of formula I with an equimolar or excess amount of acid. The reactants are generally combined in a mutual solvent such as diethyl ether or benzene. The salt normally precipitates out of solution within about one hour to 10 days and can be isolated by filtration or the solvent can be stripped off by conventional means.
Bases commonly used for formation of salts include ammonium hydroxide and alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, as well as aliphatic and primary, secondary and tertiary amines, aliphatic diamines.
Bases especially useful in the preparation of addition salts include ammonium hvdroxide, potassium carbonate, methylamine, diethylamine, ethylene diamine and cyclohexylamine.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts generally have enhanced solubility characteristics compared to the compound from which they are derived, and thus are often more amenable to formulation as liquids or emulsions.
Pharmaceutical formulations can be prepared by procedures known in the art. For example, the compounds can be formulated with common excipients, diluents, or carriers, and formed into tablets, capsules, suspensions, powders, and the like. Examples of excipients, diluents, and carriers that are suitable for such formulations include the following: fillers and extenders such as starch, sugars, mannitol, and silicic derivatives; binding agents such as carboxymethyl cellulose and other cellulose derivatives, alginates, gelatin, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone;
moisturizing agents such as glycerol; disintegrating agents such as calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate; agents for retarding dissolution such as paraffin; resorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds; surface active agents such as cetyl alcohol, glycerol monostearate;
adsorptive carriers such as kaolin and bentonite; and lubricants such as talc, calcium and magnesium stearate, and solid polyethyl glycols.
The compounds can also be formulated as elixirs or solutions for convenient oral administration or as solutions appropriate for parenteral administration, for instance by intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous ` ~13~7 routes. Additionally, the compounds are well suited to formulation as sustained release dosage forms and the like.
The formulations can be so constituted that they release the active ingredient only or preferably in a particular part of the intestinal tract, possibly over a period of time. The coatings, envelopes, and protective matrices may be made, for example, from polymeric substances or waxes.
The particular dosage of a compound of formula I
required to inhibit sexual precocity, or attending symptoms, according to this invention will depend upon the severity of the condition, the route of administration, and related factors that will be decided by the attending physician. Generally, accepted and effective daily doses will be from about 0.1 to about 1000 mg/day, and more typically from about 50 to about 200 mg/day. Such dosages will be administered to a subject in need thereof from once to about three times each day, or more often as needed to effectively treat or prevent sexual precocity, or symptoms thereof. It also may be advantageous to administor a progestin or LHRH agonist with a compound of formula 1.
It is usually preferred to administer a compound of formula I in the form of an acid addition salt, as is customary in the administration of pharmaceuticals bearing a basic group, such as the piperidino ring. It is also advantageous to administer such a compound by the oral route. For such purposes the following oral dosage forms are available.
Formulations In the formulations which follow, ~active ingredient" means a compound of formula I.
Formulation 1: Gelatin Capsules Hard gelatin capsules are prepared using the following:
IngredientQuantity (mg/capsule) Active ingredient 0.1 - 1000 Starch, NF O - 650 Starch flowable powder0 - 650 Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 0 - 15 The ingredients are blended, passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve, and filled into hard gelatin capsules.
Examples of specific capsule formulations of raloxifene, that have been made include those shown below:
Formulation 2: Raloxifene capsule IngredientQuantity (mg/capsule) Raloxifene Starch, NF 112 Starch flowable powder 225.3 Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 1.7 Formulation 3: Raloxifene capsule IngredientQuantity (mg/capsule) Raloxifene 5 Starch, NF 108 Starch flowable powder 225.3 Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 1.7 Formulation 4: Raloxifene capsule Ingredient Quantity (mg/capsule) Raloxifene 10 Starch, NF 103 Starch flowable powder 225.3 Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 1.7 Formulation 5: Raloxifene capsule IngredientQuantity (mg/capsule) Raloxifene 50 Starch, NF 150 Starch flowable powder 397 Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 3.0 The specific formulations above may be changed in compliance with the reasonable variations provided.
A tablet formulation is prepared using the ingredients below:
Formulation 6: Tablets Ingredient Quantity (mg/tablet) Active ingredient 0.1 - 1000 Cellulose, microcrystalline0 - 650 Silicon dioxide, fumed0 - 650 Stearate acid 0 - 15 The components are blended and compressed to form tablets.
Alternatively, tablets each containing 0.1 -1000 mg of active ingredient are made up as follows:
`` 2138~07 x-9490 -10-Formulation 7: Tablets Ingredient Quantity (mg/tablet) Active ingredient 0.1 - 1000 Starch 45 Cellulose, microcrystalline 35 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 4 (as 10% solution in water) Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 4.5 Magnesium stearate 0.5 Talc The active ingredient, starch, and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powders which are then passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so produced are dried at 50-60 C and passed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve.
The sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate, and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 U.S. sieve, are then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a tablet machine to yield tablets.
Suspensions each containing 0.1 - 1000 mg of medicament per 5 mL dose are made as follows:
- ` 2138507 -Formulation 8: Suspensions IngredientQuantity (mg/5 ml) Active ingredient0.1 - 1000 mg Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 50 mg Syrup 1.25 mg Benzoic acid solution 0.10 mL
Flavor q.v.
Color q.v.
Purified water to5 mL
The medicament is passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and syrup to form a smooth paste. The benzoic acid solution, flavor, and color are diluted with some of the water and added, with stirring. Sufficient water is then added to produce the required volume.
TEST PROCEDURE
Five to fifty females are selected for the clinical study. The females are between the ages of twelve and eighteen and have been diagnosed with sexual precocity, but are in good general health otherwise. The study has a placebo control group, i.e., the females are divided into two groups, one of which receives the active agent of this invention and the other receives a placebo. Females in the test group receive between 50-200 mg of the active agent per day by the oral route. They continue this therapy for 2-12 months. Accurate records are kept as to the status of the problem and symptoms thereof in both groups and at the end of the study these results are compared. The results are compared both between members of each group and also the results for each patient are compared to the status reported on each patient before the study began.
` .-. 2138507 Utility of the compounds of the invention is illustrated by the positive impact they have on sexual precocity and/or one or more of its attending symptoms when used in a study as above.
Claims (4)
1. A compound having the formula (I) wherein R1 and R3 are independently hydrogen, -CH3, , or , wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidino and piperidino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use in inhibiting sexual precocity.
R2 is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidino and piperidino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use in inhibiting sexual precocity.
2. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said compound is the hydrochloride salt thereof.
3. The compound of Claim 1 wherein its administration is prophylactic.
4. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said compound is or its hydrochloride salt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/171,393 US5451590A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1993-12-21 | Methods of inhibiting sexual precocity |
| US08/171,393 | 1993-12-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2138507A1 true CA2138507A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
Family
ID=22623576
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002138507A Abandoned CA2138507A1 (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1994-12-19 | Methods of inhibiting sexual precocity |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5451590A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0659420A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07215857A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR950016734A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1108099A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU8155294A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2138507A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ321794A3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT71340A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL112051A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO944931L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ270179A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU94045156A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9410075B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5811447A (en) | 1993-01-28 | 1998-09-22 | Neorx Corporation | Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells |
| US6515009B1 (en) | 1991-09-27 | 2003-02-04 | Neorx Corporation | Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells |
| US6491938B2 (en) | 1993-05-13 | 2002-12-10 | Neorx Corporation | Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells |
| US5595722A (en) | 1993-01-28 | 1997-01-21 | Neorx Corporation | Method for identifying an agent which increases TGF-beta levels |
| CA2162586C (en) | 1993-05-13 | 2006-01-03 | David J. Grainger | Prevention and treatment of pathologies associated with abnormally proliferative smooth muscle cells |
| US7209221B2 (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 2007-04-24 | Automotive Technologies International, Inc. | Method for obtaining and displaying information about objects in a vehicular blind spot |
| US5521214A (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 1996-05-28 | Eli Lilly And Company | Methods of inhibiting environmental estrogens |
| DE19604231A1 (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1997-07-31 | Schering Ag | Combined pharmaceutical preparation and its use for the treatment of gynecological disorders |
| IL120266A (en) | 1996-02-28 | 2005-05-17 | Pfizer | Use of estrogen antagonists and estrogen agonists in the preparation of medicaments for inhibiting pathological conditions |
| TW442286B (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2001-06-23 | Pfizer | New therapeutic uses of estrogen agonists |
| AU6959898A (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-11-11 | David J. Grainger | Compounds and therapies for the prevention of vascular and non-vascular pathol ogies |
| AU777770C (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2005-11-10 | Strakan International Limited | Androgen glycosides and androgenic activity thereof |
| US7852462B2 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2010-12-14 | Automotive Technologies International, Inc. | Vehicular component control methods based on blind spot monitoring |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE637389A (en) * | 1962-09-13 | |||
| US4133814A (en) * | 1975-10-28 | 1979-01-09 | Eli Lilly And Company | 2-Phenyl-3-aroylbenzothiophenes useful as antifertility agents |
| US4380635A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-04-19 | Eli Lilly And Company | Synthesis of acylated benzothiophenes |
| US4418068A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-11-29 | Eli Lilly And Company | Antiestrogenic and antiandrugenic benzothiophenes |
| US5075321A (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1991-12-24 | University Of Pennsylvania | Methods of treating diseases characterized by interactions of IgG-containing immune complexes with macrophage Fc receptors using antiestrogenic benzothiophenes |
| US5395842A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1995-03-07 | Endorecherche Inc. | Anti-estrogenic compounds and compositions |
| JP3157882B2 (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 2001-04-16 | 帝国臓器製薬株式会社 | New benzothiophene derivatives |
-
1993
- 1993-12-21 US US08/171,393 patent/US5451590A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-12-19 HU HU9403669A patent/HUT71340A/en unknown
- 1994-12-19 CA CA002138507A patent/CA2138507A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-19 JP JP6314553A patent/JPH07215857A/en active Pending
- 1994-12-19 ZA ZA9410075A patent/ZA9410075B/en unknown
- 1994-12-19 RU RU94045156/14A patent/RU94045156A/en unknown
- 1994-12-19 NO NO944931A patent/NO944931L/en unknown
- 1994-12-19 IL IL11205194A patent/IL112051A0/en unknown
- 1994-12-19 KR KR1019940034925A patent/KR950016734A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-19 EP EP94309478A patent/EP0659420A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-19 CN CN94119730A patent/CN1108099A/en active Pending
- 1994-12-19 CZ CZ943217A patent/CZ321794A3/en unknown
- 1994-12-19 NZ NZ270179A patent/NZ270179A/en unknown
- 1994-12-19 AU AU81552/94A patent/AU8155294A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1995
- 1995-05-17 US US08/442,707 patent/US5552417A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1108099A (en) | 1995-09-13 |
| JPH07215857A (en) | 1995-08-15 |
| HUT71340A (en) | 1995-11-28 |
| NO944931D0 (en) | 1994-12-19 |
| US5451590A (en) | 1995-09-19 |
| US5552417A (en) | 1996-09-03 |
| IL112051A0 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| NZ270179A (en) | 1996-08-27 |
| AU8155294A (en) | 1995-06-29 |
| ZA9410075B (en) | 1996-06-19 |
| RU94045156A (en) | 1996-10-20 |
| EP0659420A1 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| NO944931L (en) | 1995-06-22 |
| CZ321794A3 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
| KR950016734A (en) | 1995-07-20 |
| HU9403669D0 (en) | 1995-02-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |