CA2143822A1 - Orbital implant and method - Google Patents
Orbital implant and methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA2143822A1 CA2143822A1 CA002143822A CA2143822A CA2143822A1 CA 2143822 A1 CA2143822 A1 CA 2143822A1 CA 002143822 A CA002143822 A CA 002143822A CA 2143822 A CA2143822 A CA 2143822A CA 2143822 A1 CA2143822 A1 CA 2143822A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- implant
- sphere
- tlle
- peg
- anterior surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/141—Artificial eyes
Abstract
An orbital implant is provided with a passageway extending from the anterior surface inwardly to receive a peg prior to implantation in the patient. The peg is made of non microporous material so that surrounding tissue will encapsulate the peg without adhering to it. This provides for later coupling of the ocular prosthesis to the implant without the necessity of a second operative procedure, and also allows the peg to be easily removed surgically if deemed necessary by the surgeon. The implant itself can be of any suitable material, but the implant is preferably made of biodegradable material having a matrix with random voids throughout to enhance tissue ingrowth into the implant. The matrix can be created by foaming or molding a suitable material, or the matrix can be formed from microporous thread of an inert material that is knitted, crocheted or otherwise formed into the desired size and shape.
Description
21 l3822 -O~BITAL IMPLANT AND METHOD
-. B~CK~nOVND OF Tll~ IN~EN~ION
rhe lnventLon relates to eye replacement implants. If an eye llas become damaged due to trauma or dLsease, the damaged eye may have to be evl~aerated in wllicl) all of tlle inner contents of tlle eye are removed, or an enucleation may be performed ln whlcll the entlre eyeball 1~ removed after ~evering i t from the eye muscles and the optic nerve. Followlng eltller of these proceduren, lt 18 common practlce to flll the result:~ng vold Wittl an orbltal lmplant and subsequently ~ to~ tlle implant an ocular prosthesi~ that c!lonely re~embles the eye. Wllen properly placed wlth~n the orb;t, the orbltal lmplanl: replaces the volume lost wllerl the eye was removed and llelps to ma~ntalrl tlle normal structure of thQ eyelid~
and eyebrow~. Wtlell the ocular pro~the~ properly matchecl to the other eye and coupled to tlle lmplant to move w~tll lt, substantlally normal appearance of ~lle patient 1~ re~tored.
1~ variety of orbLtnl imp]ants llave been used clnd are kllown and avallable, usually takltlg the fortn oil a sphere or globe o sultable llert materlal. Whell the l~nplatlt ha~ been lnserted followlng enucleat;on or ev~sceratlon of tlle eye, t:~ssues wlll lleal ~ver tlle lmplnnt after wh;ch the ocular prostllesls 1~ placed on the t;~sues that have ormed over tlle lmplnnt. However, over a perlod o~ t~me, mLgratlon and extruslon o~ tlle lmplallt can occur. In tlle lntegrated Lmplants f~r~t u~ed ~n tlle 19508, the prlmary cAu~e of lmplant migratLon or extru~lotl wan l;hat when the ocular p~ ttlesls was coupled to tlle orbltal lmplallt, lt wa~ neces~ary to expo~e portlon o the lmplanl: to tl~e outside envlrotlment, thereby allowlng . , 1 2143~22 bacteria to enter and infect the implant. ~nother cause of implant migration and extruslon i~ the lack of tissue supposedly covering the implant thereby allowing possible infection to enter through any open~ng where the implant i8 not covered by tissue. Aleo, eometimee the tissues whicll have previously covered the implant become pressured and necrose, thus allowing bacteria to enter and cause infection. This can occur years after the implant is made.
A number of attempte have been made to overcome these and other problems of lmplant migration alld extru~ion. Perry, U.S.
Patent No. 4,976,731 teaches the use of an orbital implant made of low density hydroxyapatite, and following implantation of the implant and during the llealing process, tissue penetrates the porous structure of the implant as the scleral sac or other covering is abeorbed into the ~ystem. Perry teachee that after sufficient healing has occurred, the implant can be drilled to provide a passageway that allows the ocular prosthesis to be attached to the implant by insertion of a peg protruding from and forming a part of the prosthes~s. Perry asserts that thls will reE~olve the concern of migratlon or extrusion of the implant because tissue will also grow into and provide a lining for the drilled passageway. However, even using tlle Perry recommended material for the implant, a second surgical procedure le required with the normal risks of such procedures, including infection of the tiseue around the peg implant.
Vachet, U.S. Patent No. 5,089,021, teachee the uee of a epherical core over which there is bonded a layer of material made 21~3822 from a micro-porous, bio-compatible ~yntl)et1c substaoce sucl) as polytetrafluorethylene (EPTFE). Vachet claims that wlth this implant construction, the coating layer will be invaded by fibroblasts and blood vessels wllicll will gradually transfer tlle coating layer into a tissue and vascular shell and thus min1mize the ri~k of migration and extrusioll of the lmplallt. Vachet thell as~erts that following heallng, the patient can be fltted wlth an ocular pro~the~1~ by carefully moldlng the pro~the~1~ over the tl~sue~ coverlng the lmplant. ~owever, ~lnce the only traction between the prosthesis and the lmplant i~ from the tlssues forming the poHterior a~pect of the ~ocket, this techlllque may produce le~
than ~atisfactory motillty.
In all of the prior art teachillgs, references are made to tlle use of a variety of different materials for the orbital implant which materials are all preferably lnert. Also, the prior art teaches the u~e of materlals whicll are mlcroporous 80 that the surrounding tissue will eventually penetrate the implant to hold lt in place and thereby minimize the pos~ibility of extrusion of tlle 1mplant. Perry, U.S. Patent No. 4,976,731, referred to above 1~ an example of thi~ teachlng. The prlor art al~o teaches the use of different synthetic materials that are used by oral and ortllopedic surgeon~ to replace void~ created in bone structures. ~rekke U.S.
Patent No. 4,186,448 i~ an example of such a teaching in which bone volds created by fracture, surgery, etc. are treated by filling the voids with a material that i~ bio-degradable and wllich haH randomly positioned volds throughout substantially all of the its volume.
~rekke also teaclles the use of a wetting agent incorporated in the material to promote the filllng of the void~ in the material with blood vessels BO a~ to form ti~ue that will fill the voids.
~ventually, thi~ material becomes absorbed.
However, prior art materialH that are currently known and u~ed for ~ome eye implants are quite expensive, and those that are not microporou~, occasionally require additional surgical procedures to minimize migration and extru~ion. In addition, the known structures and tectlnique~ for integrating the ocular pro~thesis with tlle orbital implant are not entirely satisfactory. Some such tecllnique~ require po~t-Hurgical drilling of the implant after heallng ha~ occurred adding to the co~t and patient trauma and always with ri~k of infectioll.
~ tlere i~ therefore a need for an improved orbital implant that will reduce the ~urgical procedure~ and time involved and thus lower the aost of the overall implant procesH as well as provide for improved integratiotl of tlle implant Wittl tlle ocular prostheHi~.
Ttlere is furthermore a need for the use of improved material~ for the orbital implant whictl material~ will reduce greatly the likellhood of migration or extru~ion of ttle implant.
~UMMARY OF TH E I NVENT I ON
One aepect of the inventioll provideH an orbital implant of any suitable material whictl i~ pre-drilled or pre-formed with a passageway extending inwardly from the anterior ~urface for receipt of an implant peg of a non-microporous material. The orbital implant with the peg in place is tllen ~urgically in~erted following 214~822 either enucleation or evisceration. Since the peg i8 of a non-microporous materlal a fibrou~ capsule will form around it but not adhere to it wllicll allows the surgeon to later remove the peg implant easlly from the orbital implant if deemed necessary.
Moreover the peg implant provides a means for direct integration with the ocular prosthesis for improved motility.
Another aspect of the inventiorl provide~ for the u~e of microporous threads formed into a sphere by knitting crocheting or any other procedure BO as to form an orbital implant of the desired size and shape containlllg a plurality of contlnuous voids to facilltate tissue invAsion. A further aspect of the use of microporous threads is to form tl~e orbital implant into a sphere using any suitable material and then cover eitler the anterlor eurface only or the entire eurface of the sphere with a thin sheet of soft material formed of a microporous material. Materlal~
suitable for this aspect of the invention are polyproplyene polyesthere (Mercilene Dacron~ and ePrFE which 18 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
Another aspect of tle invention is to form the orbltal implant from an absorbable bio-degradable material such as polylactic acid ~PLLA) polyglycolic acid (PLA) or absorbable coral or any other absorbable materlal.
Regardless of the use of the particular material for the orbital implant tlle implant may be pre-drilled or pre-formed to receive a peg of non-microporous material. rle anterior surface of the ball peg or flat peg could be lined lf desired with a microporous inert biomaterial 8uch as ePTFE, etc. Tlle inqrowth of ti~sue that occur~ will decrease the possibility of exposure of ttle peg and prevent havlng to remove the peg to replace lt.
~RIEF DE~CRIPTION OF THE DRAWIN~
Flg. 1 18 a sectional view illustratinq the exi~ting art regardlng the use of orbital implants integrated with an ocular pro~thesis;
Fig. 2 is a ~ectional view of an orbital implant illustrating one aspect of the irlventio-l in which the peg is integrated wlt}l the orbltal implant by in~e~tion ln a pre-formed opening;
~ ig. 3 illustrate~ ttle uHe of eltller a flat peg or a ball peg;
and Fig. 4 is a front view of the implant to illustrate the u~e peg~ whlch are clrcular ln cro~-sectlorl or whlcllllave a ball ttlat iH elongated in one dimension.
DE8CRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT~ OF THE INVENTION
Fig. 1 lllustrates a known implant and technlque in which the orbital implant 10 i~ in place and attached to the eye mu~cle~ 12 to provide for motility. The implant 10 has a longitudinal pas~ageway formed in it extendlng lnwardly from its anterior ~urface. The present teaclling is ttlat the pa~Hageway 14 i~ drilled into tlle implant after tlle implantatlon procedure lla~ been completed and after a perlod of healing of a ew month~. At ttlls time, the ocular prosthesi~ 16 that i~ formed with an integral peg 1~ is attaclled to tlle implant 10 by lnsertion of the peg 18 into the passageway 14 of the implant 10. ~owever, lf bacteria enter .
the space between the tissue and tlle peg 18, or if the implant 10 i~ not ingrown, exposure of tl-e implant 10 may occur. l'he infection re~ults from expo~ure of the implarlt 10 to the outHide environment after the drilling procedure necessary to attach tlle ocular prostheeis 16.
In the first aspect of the inventiorl, the orbital implant 10 is formed with a passageway 14a in it. The pas~ageway 14a extends from tlle interior surface of the implant 10 inwardly along a radial line, and i8 either formed at tlle time the implant 10 iE~ produced, such as by molding, or the paflsageway 14a can be drilled irlto the implant 10 prior to sterilization and implantation. ~1BO prior to sterilization and implantation, the implant 10 i8 provided with a peg 20 of a non-mlcroporous material such a~ an ela~tomeric material like silicone. Tlle peg 20 is formed in tlle shape of a flat peg with no head or a l~all peg having a head 22. The head 22 may be ~pllerical as illustrated in Fig. 4 or it may be elongated lr one direction as illustrated by the llead 22a also shown ln Fig. 4 which is a front view of the orbital implant 10. The main body 24 of the peg 20 may be provided witll a ridge or screw as illustrated in Fig. 3 to allow tissue to fill the void~ and prevent the peg 20 from moving freely in l:he pal3sageway 14a.
8ince the peg 20 i~ formed of a non-microporous material, once the implant 10 containing tlle peg 20 i~ implanted in tissue, a fibrou~ capsule will form around the peg 20, and the capsule will not adhere to the elastomeric material. Thi~ allow~ the ~urgeon to later remove the peg 20 from the implant 10 if deemed neces~ary.
If the-peg 20 18 made of ela~tomerlc mater~al, lt wlll Atretch and can be ea~lly extracted.
'rlle u~e of the ball peg 22 provlde~ for dlrect lntegratlon of tlle lmplant 10 wlth any ~ultable oculnr pro~tllesls. If the elongated ball 22a l~ utllized, unde~lrable rotatlon of tlle ocular pro~the~ls wlll be decrea~ed. Of cour~e, lf tlle flat peg 20 ~
u~ed, there wlll be no d3rect lntegratlolt wlth the pro~the~1~, Rnd lf lmproved motlllty 1~ de~lred at a later date, a small portlon of the aon~unctlva and the tenon can be lnclRed allowlng extractlon of the flat peg 20 nnd ln~ertlon of any otller peg lncludlng the commonly known and ll~ed sleeved peg.
~ y pre-formlng tlle pa~sageway 14a ln the orbltal lmplant 10, the ~econdary procedure for drllllng ~lle lmp1ant 10, after lmplantatlon and heallng, l~ ellmlnated. If aftèr lmplantatlon the ball peg 20 of the lnventlon ~llould become expo~ed due to pre~ure necro~l~, for example, lt wlll alway~ be po~Rlble to extract tlle peg 20 and replace lt wlth the commonly known and used ~leeved peg.
~lowever, the anterlor surface of tlle ball peg or flat peg can be llned, lf de~lred, witll a mlcroporou~ lnert blomaterlal ~uch a~
ePTFE, etc. Tlle lngrowth of tl~sue that occur~ wll~ decrea~e tlle posRlb~l~ty of expo~ure of tlle peg and prevent havll1g to remove tlle peg to replace lt.
The peg 20 can be made of any ~ultable type of materlal whlch generate~ encap~ulatlon and to wlllch tln~ue~ wlll not readlly adllere. Tlle mate~lal for tlle lmplant 10 can al~o be of any ~u~table ~nown materlal, slnae any of the materlalR ~ultable for tlle orbltal lmplarlt 10 can be ea~lly formed wltl- tlle pa~agewny 14~. Slllta~le materlal~ Itlclude lly]oll, polyvlllylfl~or~dene, etc.
Ilowever, anotller Q~pect of tlle lnvelltloll l~ to produce tlle lmplallt 10 from a mlcroporou~ or bra~ded tllread of a ~ultable mater~al ~uall a~ polyproplyene, polye~ter (Meralielle, Uacron) or expallded polytetrafluoretllylene (eP'r~B). 'rlle~e mnterlAl~ are ~ultable becnu~e oE tllelr lllertlle~ ill tlle body a~ well A~ belllg m~aroporou~
alld tl~erefore provldlllg ~ome tl~ e lllvn~Joll nfter tl~e lmplnlltntlotl procedllre. Tlle bralded or molloellamellt tllrend~ nre formed lnto tlle de~lred ~pllerlcal ~I~Ape, nad wllell ~o formed~ tlle lmplnnt lO wlll contAlll a plurallty of vold8 or mal:rlx tllat wlll ellcourage tls~ue lnyrowtll alld decrene tlle po~lblllty of mlgratloll.
Ill allotller aspect of tlle 31lvelltloll, tlle lmplant 10 call be produced oE any ~ultnble mAterlal, lncludlllg tlle bralded tllread constructloll, and tllea covered e3tl~er partlnlly or fully wltll a ~lleet of mlcroporouR mnterlnl ~uoll nR polyproplyelle~ polye~ter (Meral1ene, Dacron~, expallded P'l'Fe ~'refloll)~ etc. If a partlal coverlng l~ made, only tlle anterlox ~urface o tlle lmplallt 10 1~
covered, wltll tlle ~overlllg eltller ~utured or Attaalled to tlle lmpla~t ln wltl~ a ~ultable adlle~lve.
tn anotller anpect of tlle lllvelltloll, tlle lmplant 1~ call be formed u~lllg all ab~orbable, blo-mnterlnl. ~xnmple~ of ~IlCll mnterlal are foamed polylacl:lc acld ~PLL.~) or polyglycollc acld ~PG~ . Foaln Rtructure~ of tllene htaterlal~ produce a matrlx contallllllg a plurallty of colltllllloll~ vold~. Illltlally~ tlle lmplaat 10 flll~ tlle vold created dlle to ellucleatloll or evl~ceratloll.
need not be wrapped or ellcased w1tll ally material. Tllis ellminates tl~e commonly used surgLcal teclln~que of wrappillg lmplallts ltlHclera or fascia.
I~l another aspect oE llle invell~loll, caps formed of foamed polylactic acld can be placed itl ~ront of a spllerical sllaped lmplant lO. Tlle~e curved caps are o~ a preEerred tllickness of l ~o 2 mm nnd durlllg tlle illlp:Lallt procedure nre posltloned over tlle ~pllerical implant beEore clo~l.ng tenotl' H snd con~ lctivA. In tllis aspect oE tlle lnvellt10ll, ~lle apace occupied by tlle foamed cap.
offers a matrlx tllat wlll ~e invaded first by fibroblAsts alld tllen by vascular ingrowtll. Over a perlod of t1me, tllls matr1x will areate an extra layer of- tlssue over tlle implallt lU and under tellon's alld colljunctlva. 'rllls new t1ssue created oll tlle allterlor surface of tlle lmplant lU wlll serve aH a cusllloll between the lmplant lO and tlle ocular prostllesls.
From tlle foregolng descrlptloll~ it wlll be evldent tllat tlle var10us aspects oE tlle invell~10ll provide new and ~mproved tecllnlques ~or eye replacemell~ lmplants. Witll tlle use of tlle materlals descrlbed llerein for tlle bas1c lmplnllt or ~or aoverlng~
for implallts, and ln selected ca~es p~eforming tl~e implallt wltll a pasHageway for receipt oE a peg prlor to implall~at~.oil, tlle ~urgeon llas available a nulllber of new alld llnproved materlals alld tecllll1ques tha~ can be used ln any partlcul.ar case depend1llg Upoll tlle ~udgmellt oE tlle surgeoli. By provlding tlle surgeoll w1tll new alld ~mproved opt10lls, tlle eye replacement procedures call be performed at lower cost and wltll less traullla to tlle patlellt.
_.
Durlng tlle heallng per~od followlng tlle ~urgical procedure, cellular ingrowth and flbro va~cularlzation will attaah to all the ~urrounding tl~ue~ and create a flbrou~ cap~ule to whlcll the mu~cle~ prevlou~ly ~utured to tlle lmplant 10 wlll remaln attaclled.
~fter a perlod of montll~ and after tlle healing proce~ ha~ ~lowed or stopped, tlle matrlx of the lmplallt wlll llave en~lrely ab~orbed and the space prevlou~ly occupled by the implant 1~ will be fllled by more tl~ue ingrowth. If a matrix of foamed polylactlc acid i~
u~ed, tlle material compri~e~ ollly five percent of the total volume, the remalnlng being tlle air ~pace of tlle vold~ the materlal 1~
ab~orbed over time, ~ome ~hrillkage may occur ln tlle lmplant but thl~ ~hollld be negllgible. 81nae tlle matrlx structure of the lmplallt 1~ i~ random, tlle flbrou~ tl~sue will grow ln almo~t every dlrection to mlnlmlze contractlJre. Moreover, tlle~e new tl~ue~ can then be ~urgically altered a~ needed to practlcally ellmlllate tlle poe~iblllty of late mlgratlon or malpo~ltloll. Extru~lon will not occur after tlle materlal i~ ab~orbed. For example, if more orbltal volume i~ needed, anotller lmplant of the desired ~ize and ~hape can be implanted witllill the~e ~oft flbrou~ ti~ue~. ~1RO~ if the po~terior a~pects of the ocular ~ocke~ are unacceptable and cau~e a problem ln flttlllg the ocular pro~tlle~ ome of the soft tl~ue~ can be ~urglcally altered wlth relatlve ea~e. I'hu~, the u~e of an ab~orbable material lla~ tremendou~ potential for lmproved patlent care.
U~e of a polylactlc acld ~tructure for tlle lmplant 1(~ al~o provlde~ for attacllmellt of tlle mu~cle~ by ~uturlng, and tlle implallt .
Ilavlllg tl-u~ de~crlbed tlle lnventloll ln aonl1ectloll wltll certal~l preferred embodlment~ and a~pect~ tllereof, lt wlll be evldent to tllo~e ~kllled ln tlle art tllat varlou~ provl~lon~ and modlficatlon~
aan be made to tlle preferred embodllllent~ de~crlbed llereln wltllout departlng from tlle splrlt and ~cope of tlle lnventloll. It 1~ my illtention~ llowever, tlla~ all ~ucll revi~lon~ and modlflcatioll~ tllat are obvlous to tllo~e ~Icllled ln tlle art wlll be lncluded ln tlle ~cope o~ tlle followlllg clallll~.
-. B~CK~nOVND OF Tll~ IN~EN~ION
rhe lnventLon relates to eye replacement implants. If an eye llas become damaged due to trauma or dLsease, the damaged eye may have to be evl~aerated in wllicl) all of tlle inner contents of tlle eye are removed, or an enucleation may be performed ln whlcll the entlre eyeball 1~ removed after ~evering i t from the eye muscles and the optic nerve. Followlng eltller of these proceduren, lt 18 common practlce to flll the result:~ng vold Wittl an orbltal lmplant and subsequently ~ to~ tlle implant an ocular prosthesi~ that c!lonely re~embles the eye. Wllen properly placed wlth~n the orb;t, the orbltal lmplanl: replaces the volume lost wllerl the eye was removed and llelps to ma~ntalrl tlle normal structure of thQ eyelid~
and eyebrow~. Wtlell the ocular pro~the~ properly matchecl to the other eye and coupled to tlle lmplant to move w~tll lt, substantlally normal appearance of ~lle patient 1~ re~tored.
1~ variety of orbLtnl imp]ants llave been used clnd are kllown and avallable, usually takltlg the fortn oil a sphere or globe o sultable llert materlal. Whell the l~nplatlt ha~ been lnserted followlng enucleat;on or ev~sceratlon of tlle eye, t:~ssues wlll lleal ~ver tlle lmplnnt after wh;ch the ocular prostllesls 1~ placed on the t;~sues that have ormed over tlle lmplnnt. However, over a perlod o~ t~me, mLgratlon and extruslon o~ tlle lmplallt can occur. In tlle lntegrated Lmplants f~r~t u~ed ~n tlle 19508, the prlmary cAu~e of lmplant migratLon or extru~lotl wan l;hat when the ocular p~ ttlesls was coupled to tlle orbltal lmplallt, lt wa~ neces~ary to expo~e portlon o the lmplanl: to tl~e outside envlrotlment, thereby allowlng . , 1 2143~22 bacteria to enter and infect the implant. ~nother cause of implant migration and extruslon i~ the lack of tissue supposedly covering the implant thereby allowing possible infection to enter through any open~ng where the implant i8 not covered by tissue. Aleo, eometimee the tissues whicll have previously covered the implant become pressured and necrose, thus allowing bacteria to enter and cause infection. This can occur years after the implant is made.
A number of attempte have been made to overcome these and other problems of lmplant migration alld extru~ion. Perry, U.S.
Patent No. 4,976,731 teaches the use of an orbital implant made of low density hydroxyapatite, and following implantation of the implant and during the llealing process, tissue penetrates the porous structure of the implant as the scleral sac or other covering is abeorbed into the ~ystem. Perry teachee that after sufficient healing has occurred, the implant can be drilled to provide a passageway that allows the ocular prosthesis to be attached to the implant by insertion of a peg protruding from and forming a part of the prosthes~s. Perry asserts that thls will reE~olve the concern of migratlon or extrusion of the implant because tissue will also grow into and provide a lining for the drilled passageway. However, even using tlle Perry recommended material for the implant, a second surgical procedure le required with the normal risks of such procedures, including infection of the tiseue around the peg implant.
Vachet, U.S. Patent No. 5,089,021, teachee the uee of a epherical core over which there is bonded a layer of material made 21~3822 from a micro-porous, bio-compatible ~yntl)et1c substaoce sucl) as polytetrafluorethylene (EPTFE). Vachet claims that wlth this implant construction, the coating layer will be invaded by fibroblasts and blood vessels wllicll will gradually transfer tlle coating layer into a tissue and vascular shell and thus min1mize the ri~k of migration and extrusioll of the lmplallt. Vachet thell as~erts that following heallng, the patient can be fltted wlth an ocular pro~the~1~ by carefully moldlng the pro~the~1~ over the tl~sue~ coverlng the lmplant. ~owever, ~lnce the only traction between the prosthesis and the lmplant i~ from the tlssues forming the poHterior a~pect of the ~ocket, this techlllque may produce le~
than ~atisfactory motillty.
In all of the prior art teachillgs, references are made to tlle use of a variety of different materials for the orbital implant which materials are all preferably lnert. Also, the prior art teaches the u~e of materlals whicll are mlcroporous 80 that the surrounding tissue will eventually penetrate the implant to hold lt in place and thereby minimize the pos~ibility of extrusion of tlle 1mplant. Perry, U.S. Patent No. 4,976,731, referred to above 1~ an example of thi~ teachlng. The prlor art al~o teaches the use of different synthetic materials that are used by oral and ortllopedic surgeon~ to replace void~ created in bone structures. ~rekke U.S.
Patent No. 4,186,448 i~ an example of such a teaching in which bone volds created by fracture, surgery, etc. are treated by filling the voids with a material that i~ bio-degradable and wllich haH randomly positioned volds throughout substantially all of the its volume.
~rekke also teaclles the use of a wetting agent incorporated in the material to promote the filllng of the void~ in the material with blood vessels BO a~ to form ti~ue that will fill the voids.
~ventually, thi~ material becomes absorbed.
However, prior art materialH that are currently known and u~ed for ~ome eye implants are quite expensive, and those that are not microporou~, occasionally require additional surgical procedures to minimize migration and extru~ion. In addition, the known structures and tectlnique~ for integrating the ocular pro~thesis with tlle orbital implant are not entirely satisfactory. Some such tecllnique~ require po~t-Hurgical drilling of the implant after heallng ha~ occurred adding to the co~t and patient trauma and always with ri~k of infectioll.
~ tlere i~ therefore a need for an improved orbital implant that will reduce the ~urgical procedure~ and time involved and thus lower the aost of the overall implant procesH as well as provide for improved integratiotl of tlle implant Wittl tlle ocular prostheHi~.
Ttlere is furthermore a need for the use of improved material~ for the orbital implant whictl material~ will reduce greatly the likellhood of migration or extru~ion of ttle implant.
~UMMARY OF TH E I NVENT I ON
One aepect of the inventioll provideH an orbital implant of any suitable material whictl i~ pre-drilled or pre-formed with a passageway extending inwardly from the anterior ~urface for receipt of an implant peg of a non-microporous material. The orbital implant with the peg in place is tllen ~urgically in~erted following 214~822 either enucleation or evisceration. Since the peg i8 of a non-microporous materlal a fibrou~ capsule will form around it but not adhere to it wllicll allows the surgeon to later remove the peg implant easlly from the orbital implant if deemed necessary.
Moreover the peg implant provides a means for direct integration with the ocular prosthesis for improved motility.
Another aspect of the inventiorl provide~ for the u~e of microporous threads formed into a sphere by knitting crocheting or any other procedure BO as to form an orbital implant of the desired size and shape containlllg a plurality of contlnuous voids to facilltate tissue invAsion. A further aspect of the use of microporous threads is to form tl~e orbital implant into a sphere using any suitable material and then cover eitler the anterlor eurface only or the entire eurface of the sphere with a thin sheet of soft material formed of a microporous material. Materlal~
suitable for this aspect of the invention are polyproplyene polyesthere (Mercilene Dacron~ and ePrFE which 18 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
Another aspect of tle invention is to form the orbltal implant from an absorbable bio-degradable material such as polylactic acid ~PLLA) polyglycolic acid (PLA) or absorbable coral or any other absorbable materlal.
Regardless of the use of the particular material for the orbital implant tlle implant may be pre-drilled or pre-formed to receive a peg of non-microporous material. rle anterior surface of the ball peg or flat peg could be lined lf desired with a microporous inert biomaterial 8uch as ePTFE, etc. Tlle inqrowth of ti~sue that occur~ will decrease the possibility of exposure of ttle peg and prevent havlng to remove the peg to replace lt.
~RIEF DE~CRIPTION OF THE DRAWIN~
Flg. 1 18 a sectional view illustratinq the exi~ting art regardlng the use of orbital implants integrated with an ocular pro~thesis;
Fig. 2 is a ~ectional view of an orbital implant illustrating one aspect of the irlventio-l in which the peg is integrated wlt}l the orbltal implant by in~e~tion ln a pre-formed opening;
~ ig. 3 illustrate~ ttle uHe of eltller a flat peg or a ball peg;
and Fig. 4 is a front view of the implant to illustrate the u~e peg~ whlch are clrcular ln cro~-sectlorl or whlcllllave a ball ttlat iH elongated in one dimension.
DE8CRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT~ OF THE INVENTION
Fig. 1 lllustrates a known implant and technlque in which the orbital implant 10 i~ in place and attached to the eye mu~cle~ 12 to provide for motility. The implant 10 has a longitudinal pas~ageway formed in it extendlng lnwardly from its anterior ~urface. The present teaclling is ttlat the pa~Hageway 14 i~ drilled into tlle implant after tlle implantatlon procedure lla~ been completed and after a perlod of healing of a ew month~. At ttlls time, the ocular prosthesi~ 16 that i~ formed with an integral peg 1~ is attaclled to tlle implant 10 by lnsertion of the peg 18 into the passageway 14 of the implant 10. ~owever, lf bacteria enter .
the space between the tissue and tlle peg 18, or if the implant 10 i~ not ingrown, exposure of tl-e implant 10 may occur. l'he infection re~ults from expo~ure of the implarlt 10 to the outHide environment after the drilling procedure necessary to attach tlle ocular prostheeis 16.
In the first aspect of the inventiorl, the orbital implant 10 is formed with a passageway 14a in it. The pas~ageway 14a extends from tlle interior surface of the implant 10 inwardly along a radial line, and i8 either formed at tlle time the implant 10 iE~ produced, such as by molding, or the paflsageway 14a can be drilled irlto the implant 10 prior to sterilization and implantation. ~1BO prior to sterilization and implantation, the implant 10 i8 provided with a peg 20 of a non-mlcroporous material such a~ an ela~tomeric material like silicone. Tlle peg 20 is formed in tlle shape of a flat peg with no head or a l~all peg having a head 22. The head 22 may be ~pllerical as illustrated in Fig. 4 or it may be elongated lr one direction as illustrated by the llead 22a also shown ln Fig. 4 which is a front view of the orbital implant 10. The main body 24 of the peg 20 may be provided witll a ridge or screw as illustrated in Fig. 3 to allow tissue to fill the void~ and prevent the peg 20 from moving freely in l:he pal3sageway 14a.
8ince the peg 20 i~ formed of a non-microporous material, once the implant 10 containing tlle peg 20 i~ implanted in tissue, a fibrou~ capsule will form around the peg 20, and the capsule will not adhere to the elastomeric material. Thi~ allow~ the ~urgeon to later remove the peg 20 from the implant 10 if deemed neces~ary.
If the-peg 20 18 made of ela~tomerlc mater~al, lt wlll Atretch and can be ea~lly extracted.
'rlle u~e of the ball peg 22 provlde~ for dlrect lntegratlon of tlle lmplant 10 wlth any ~ultable oculnr pro~tllesls. If the elongated ball 22a l~ utllized, unde~lrable rotatlon of tlle ocular pro~the~ls wlll be decrea~ed. Of cour~e, lf tlle flat peg 20 ~
u~ed, there wlll be no d3rect lntegratlolt wlth the pro~the~1~, Rnd lf lmproved motlllty 1~ de~lred at a later date, a small portlon of the aon~unctlva and the tenon can be lnclRed allowlng extractlon of the flat peg 20 nnd ln~ertlon of any otller peg lncludlng the commonly known and ll~ed sleeved peg.
~ y pre-formlng tlle pa~sageway 14a ln the orbltal lmplant 10, the ~econdary procedure for drllllng ~lle lmp1ant 10, after lmplantatlon and heallng, l~ ellmlnated. If aftèr lmplantatlon the ball peg 20 of the lnventlon ~llould become expo~ed due to pre~ure necro~l~, for example, lt wlll alway~ be po~Rlble to extract tlle peg 20 and replace lt wlth the commonly known and used ~leeved peg.
~lowever, the anterlor surface of tlle ball peg or flat peg can be llned, lf de~lred, witll a mlcroporou~ lnert blomaterlal ~uch a~
ePTFE, etc. Tlle lngrowth of tl~sue that occur~ wll~ decrea~e tlle posRlb~l~ty of expo~ure of tlle peg and prevent havll1g to remove tlle peg to replace lt.
The peg 20 can be made of any ~ultable type of materlal whlch generate~ encap~ulatlon and to wlllch tln~ue~ wlll not readlly adllere. Tlle mate~lal for tlle lmplant 10 can al~o be of any ~u~table ~nown materlal, slnae any of the materlalR ~ultable for tlle orbltal lmplarlt 10 can be ea~lly formed wltl- tlle pa~agewny 14~. Slllta~le materlal~ Itlclude lly]oll, polyvlllylfl~or~dene, etc.
Ilowever, anotller Q~pect of tlle lnvelltloll l~ to produce tlle lmplallt 10 from a mlcroporou~ or bra~ded tllread of a ~ultable mater~al ~uall a~ polyproplyene, polye~ter (Meralielle, Uacron) or expallded polytetrafluoretllylene (eP'r~B). 'rlle~e mnterlAl~ are ~ultable becnu~e oE tllelr lllertlle~ ill tlle body a~ well A~ belllg m~aroporou~
alld tl~erefore provldlllg ~ome tl~ e lllvn~Joll nfter tl~e lmplnlltntlotl procedllre. Tlle bralded or molloellamellt tllrend~ nre formed lnto tlle de~lred ~pllerlcal ~I~Ape, nad wllell ~o formed~ tlle lmplnnt lO wlll contAlll a plurallty of vold8 or mal:rlx tllat wlll ellcourage tls~ue lnyrowtll alld decrene tlle po~lblllty of mlgratloll.
Ill allotller aspect of tlle 31lvelltloll, tlle lmplant 10 call be produced oE any ~ultnble mAterlal, lncludlllg tlle bralded tllread constructloll, and tllea covered e3tl~er partlnlly or fully wltll a ~lleet of mlcroporouR mnterlnl ~uoll nR polyproplyelle~ polye~ter (Meral1ene, Dacron~, expallded P'l'Fe ~'refloll)~ etc. If a partlal coverlng l~ made, only tlle anterlox ~urface o tlle lmplallt 10 1~
covered, wltll tlle ~overlllg eltller ~utured or Attaalled to tlle lmpla~t ln wltl~ a ~ultable adlle~lve.
tn anotller anpect of tlle lllvelltloll, tlle lmplant 1~ call be formed u~lllg all ab~orbable, blo-mnterlnl. ~xnmple~ of ~IlCll mnterlal are foamed polylacl:lc acld ~PLL.~) or polyglycollc acld ~PG~ . Foaln Rtructure~ of tllene htaterlal~ produce a matrlx contallllllg a plurallty of colltllllloll~ vold~. Illltlally~ tlle lmplaat 10 flll~ tlle vold created dlle to ellucleatloll or evl~ceratloll.
need not be wrapped or ellcased w1tll ally material. Tllis ellminates tl~e commonly used surgLcal teclln~que of wrappillg lmplallts ltlHclera or fascia.
I~l another aspect oE llle invell~loll, caps formed of foamed polylactic acld can be placed itl ~ront of a spllerical sllaped lmplant lO. Tlle~e curved caps are o~ a preEerred tllickness of l ~o 2 mm nnd durlllg tlle illlp:Lallt procedure nre posltloned over tlle ~pllerical implant beEore clo~l.ng tenotl' H snd con~ lctivA. In tllis aspect oE tlle lnvellt10ll, ~lle apace occupied by tlle foamed cap.
offers a matrlx tllat wlll ~e invaded first by fibroblAsts alld tllen by vascular ingrowtll. Over a perlod of t1me, tllls matr1x will areate an extra layer of- tlssue over tlle implallt lU and under tellon's alld colljunctlva. 'rllls new t1ssue created oll tlle allterlor surface of tlle lmplant lU wlll serve aH a cusllloll between the lmplant lO and tlle ocular prostllesls.
From tlle foregolng descrlptloll~ it wlll be evldent tllat tlle var10us aspects oE tlle invell~10ll provide new and ~mproved tecllnlques ~or eye replacemell~ lmplants. Witll tlle use of tlle materlals descrlbed llerein for tlle bas1c lmplnllt or ~or aoverlng~
for implallts, and ln selected ca~es p~eforming tl~e implallt wltll a pasHageway for receipt oE a peg prlor to implall~at~.oil, tlle ~urgeon llas available a nulllber of new alld llnproved materlals alld tecllll1ques tha~ can be used ln any partlcul.ar case depend1llg Upoll tlle ~udgmellt oE tlle surgeoli. By provlding tlle surgeoll w1tll new alld ~mproved opt10lls, tlle eye replacement procedures call be performed at lower cost and wltll less traullla to tlle patlellt.
_.
Durlng tlle heallng per~od followlng tlle ~urgical procedure, cellular ingrowth and flbro va~cularlzation will attaah to all the ~urrounding tl~ue~ and create a flbrou~ cap~ule to whlcll the mu~cle~ prevlou~ly ~utured to tlle lmplant 10 wlll remaln attaclled.
~fter a perlod of montll~ and after tlle healing proce~ ha~ ~lowed or stopped, tlle matrlx of the lmplallt wlll llave en~lrely ab~orbed and the space prevlou~ly occupled by the implant 1~ will be fllled by more tl~ue ingrowth. If a matrix of foamed polylactlc acid i~
u~ed, tlle material compri~e~ ollly five percent of the total volume, the remalnlng being tlle air ~pace of tlle vold~ the materlal 1~
ab~orbed over time, ~ome ~hrillkage may occur ln tlle lmplant but thl~ ~hollld be negllgible. 81nae tlle matrlx structure of the lmplallt 1~ i~ random, tlle flbrou~ tl~sue will grow ln almo~t every dlrection to mlnlmlze contractlJre. Moreover, tlle~e new tl~ue~ can then be ~urgically altered a~ needed to practlcally ellmlllate tlle poe~iblllty of late mlgratlon or malpo~ltloll. Extru~lon will not occur after tlle materlal i~ ab~orbed. For example, if more orbltal volume i~ needed, anotller lmplant of the desired ~ize and ~hape can be implanted witllill the~e ~oft flbrou~ ti~ue~. ~1RO~ if the po~terior a~pects of the ocular ~ocke~ are unacceptable and cau~e a problem ln flttlllg the ocular pro~tlle~ ome of the soft tl~ue~ can be ~urglcally altered wlth relatlve ea~e. I'hu~, the u~e of an ab~orbable material lla~ tremendou~ potential for lmproved patlent care.
U~e of a polylactlc acld ~tructure for tlle lmplant 1(~ al~o provlde~ for attacllmellt of tlle mu~cle~ by ~uturlng, and tlle implallt .
Ilavlllg tl-u~ de~crlbed tlle lnventloll ln aonl1ectloll wltll certal~l preferred embodlment~ and a~pect~ tllereof, lt wlll be evldent to tllo~e ~kllled ln tlle art tllat varlou~ provl~lon~ and modlficatlon~
aan be made to tlle preferred embodllllent~ de~crlbed llereln wltllout departlng from tlle splrlt and ~cope of tlle lnventloll. It 1~ my illtention~ llowever, tlla~ all ~ucll revi~lon~ and modlflcatioll~ tllat are obvlous to tllo~e ~Icllled ln tlle art wlll be lncluded ln tlle ~cope o~ tlle followlllg clallll~.
Claims (16)
1. An orbital implant for coupling with an ocular prosthesis to replace an eye in a patient following evisceration or enucleation, said implant comprising a sphere having an anterior surface and a posterior surface when implanted, the sphere being made of an absorbable bio-material forming a matrix having a plurality of continuous random voids that promote ingrowth of surrounding tissue after the implant is in place in the patient.
2. The orbital implant of claim 1, in which the absorbable bio-material is made of foamed polylactic acid .
3. The orbital implant of claim 1, in which the absorbable bio-material is made of foamed polyglycolic acid.
4. An orbital implant for coupling with an ocular prosthesis to replace an eye following evisceration or enucleation, said implant comprising a sphere having an anterior surface and a posterior surface when implanted, the sphere being formed of braided threads of a micro-porous material that provide a plurality of voids for tissue ingrowth.
5. The orbital implant of claim 4, in which the sphere is combined with a sheet or microporous material.
6. The orbital implant of claim 4, in which the entire sphere is covered with the sheet of microporous material.
7. The orbital implant of claim 4, 5 or 6, in which only the anterior surface is covered with the sheet of microporous material.
8. A method for making an orbital implant for coupling with an ocular prosthesis to replace an eye following evisceration or enucleation, said method comprising:
forming a sphere having an anterior surface and a posterior surface when implanted; forming a passageway in the sphere extending inwardly toward the center of the sphere from the anterior surface; and inserting a peg of non-microporous material in the passageway to provide a means for direct integration with the ocular prosthesis.
forming a sphere having an anterior surface and a posterior surface when implanted; forming a passageway in the sphere extending inwardly toward the center of the sphere from the anterior surface; and inserting a peg of non-microporous material in the passageway to provide a means for direct integration with the ocular prosthesis.
9. The method of claim 8, in which the sphere is formed of a microporous material.
10. The method of claim 8, in which the sphere is formed of an absorbable bio-material.
11. The method of claim 8, in which the sphere is formed of foamed polylactic acid.
12. The method of claim 8, in which the sphere is formed of foamed polyglycolic acid.
13. A method for coupling an orbital implant with an ocular prosthesis to fill the void created following evisceration or enucleation of an eye, said method comprising: filling the void with a sphere having an anterior surface and a posterior surface when implanted
14 in the void, the sphere having a preformed passageway extending inwardly toward the center of the sphere from the anterior surface and having a peg of non-microporous material in the passageway; allowing a fibrous capsule to form around the peg; providing an ocular prosthesis for covering the anterior surface of the sphere; and integrating the ocular prosthesis with the peg to provide for motility of the prosthesis.
14. An orbital implant for coupling with an ocular prosthesis to replace an eye in a patient following evisceration or enucleation, said implant comprising a sphere having an anterior surface and a posterior surface when implanted, and a cap positioned on the anterior surface of the sphere, the cap being made of an absorbable bio-material forming a matrix having a plurality of continuous random voids that promote ingrowth into the cap of surrounding tissue after the implant is in place in the patient.
14. An orbital implant for coupling with an ocular prosthesis to replace an eye in a patient following evisceration or enucleation, said implant comprising a sphere having an anterior surface and a posterior surface when implanted, and a cap positioned on the anterior surface of the sphere, the cap being made of an absorbable bio-material forming a matrix having a plurality of continuous random voids that promote ingrowth into the cap of surrounding tissue after the implant is in place in the patient.
15. The orbital implant of claim 14, in which the absorbable bio-material is foamed polylactic acid.
16. The orbital implant of claim 14, in which the absorbable bio-material is foamed polyglycolic acid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/206,956 | 1994-03-07 | ||
| US08/206,956 US5466259A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1994-03-07 | Orbital implant and method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2143822A1 true CA2143822A1 (en) | 1995-09-08 |
Family
ID=22768653
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002143822A Abandoned CA2143822A1 (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-03-02 | Orbital implant and method |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5466259A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2143822A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110652378A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-07 | 法国外科仪器公司 | Orbital implant including a through-window for suturing |
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| US6033437A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 2000-03-07 | Orbital Implant Technology | Pegs for orbital implants |
| US5584880A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1996-12-17 | Martinez; Miguel | Orbital implant |
| US5919234A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1999-07-06 | Macropore, Inc. | Resorbable, macro-porous, non-collapsing and flexible membrane barrier for skeletal repair and regeneration |
| US5843185A (en) * | 1996-10-23 | 1998-12-01 | Leon Rolden; Carlos R. | Keratoprosthesis and method of corneal replacement |
| US5713955A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1998-02-03 | Durette; Jean-Francois | Orbital implant |
| US6099564A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 2000-08-08 | Perry; Arthur C. | Self-tapping pegs for orbital implants |
| AU1831999A (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-07-05 | Comfort Biomedical, Inc. | Bone augmentation for prosthetic implants and the like |
| US6214049B1 (en) | 1999-01-14 | 2001-04-10 | Comfort Biomedical, Inc. | Method and apparatus for augmentating osteointegration of prosthetic implant devices |
| US6063117A (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 2000-05-16 | Perry; Arthur C. | Porous orbital implant structure |
| US6143026A (en) * | 1998-02-04 | 2000-11-07 | Meakem; Thomas J. | Process for the production of a prosthetic eye |
| US6699210B2 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2004-03-02 | The Arizona Board Of Regents | Glaucoma shunt and a method of making and surgically implanting the same |
| ES2282483T3 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2007-10-16 | Eyeborn (Proprietary) Limited | ORBITAL IMPLANT |
| KR100474066B1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2005-03-08 | 오차선 | production method of an artificial eye |
| US7988730B2 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2011-08-02 | Durette Jean-Francois | Quasi-spherical orbital implant |
| US20060116682A1 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2006-06-01 | Longo Marc N | Surgical implant and methods of making and using the same |
| US8083798B2 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2011-12-27 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Non-circular stabilization sphere and method |
| US8672870B2 (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2014-03-18 | Transcend Medical, Inc. | Ocular implant with hydrogel expansion capabilities |
| US8011408B2 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2011-09-06 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Labeling apparatus |
| WO2009158524A2 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-30 | Transcend Medical, Inc. | Ocular implant with shape change capabilities |
| US8529492B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2013-09-10 | Trascend Medical, Inc. | Drug delivery devices and methods |
| US9381112B1 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2016-07-05 | William Eric Sponsell | Bleb drainage device, ophthalmological product and methods |
| US8632489B1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2014-01-21 | A. Mateen Ahmed | Implantable medical assembly and methods |
| MX2017013845A (en) | 2017-10-27 | 2018-03-21 | Aldo Fichtl Garcia | Nucleoreticular multicellular ocular implant duo-system. |
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| US2571721A (en) * | 1948-01-30 | 1951-10-16 | American Optical Corp | Artificial eye |
| US2574750A (en) * | 1948-10-25 | 1951-11-13 | Telford I Moore | Implant for artificial eyes |
| US2688139A (en) * | 1950-03-09 | 1954-09-07 | American Optical Corp | Anatomical replacement means |
| US2792573A (en) * | 1950-10-05 | 1957-05-21 | Eric D Clarke | Artificial eye |
| US2810134A (en) * | 1951-07-03 | 1957-10-22 | Alexander J Radin | Artificial eyes |
| US4186448A (en) * | 1976-04-16 | 1980-02-05 | Brekke John H | Device and method for treating and healing a newly created bone void |
| US4195366A (en) * | 1977-12-23 | 1980-04-01 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Whitlockite ceramic |
| US4314380A (en) * | 1980-09-26 | 1982-02-09 | Koken Co., Ltd. | Artificial bone |
| FR2603797B1 (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1988-11-18 | Vachet Jean Marc | ORBITARY IMPLANT AFTER ENUCLEATION |
| US4882148A (en) * | 1987-06-18 | 1989-11-21 | Corvita Corporation | Crack prevention and improved thrombogenicity of implanted prostheses by sulfonation |
| US4976731A (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1990-12-11 | Perry Arthur C | Device for orbital implant |
| DE58902022D1 (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1992-09-17 | Mathys Ag | MARKER ROOM LOCK. |
| US5035713A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1991-07-30 | Orthopaedic Research Institute, Inc. | Surgical implants incorporating re-entrant material |
| US5026392A (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1991-06-25 | Gordon Gregg E | Prosthetic eye |
| DE4101828A1 (en) * | 1991-01-23 | 1992-07-30 | Patrick Dr Med Berg | Artificial eye structure - has transparent convex projection which gives appearance of natural eye |
| US5352461A (en) * | 1992-03-11 | 1994-10-04 | Pharmaceutical Discovery Corporation | Self assembling diketopiperazine drug delivery system |
| US5192315A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1993-03-09 | Jacob Labarre Jean T | Total ocular replacement apparatus with muscle attachment sites |
| US5192293A (en) * | 1992-07-06 | 1993-03-09 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Drill guide for orbital implant |
-
1994
- 1994-03-07 US US08/206,956 patent/US5466259A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-03-02 CA CA002143822A patent/CA2143822A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-06-07 US US08/482,937 patent/US5556427A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110652378A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-07 | 法国外科仪器公司 | Orbital implant including a through-window for suturing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5466259A (en) | 1995-11-14 |
| US5556427A (en) | 1996-09-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |