CA2157237A1 - Thermal emitted radiation detecting device - Google Patents
Thermal emitted radiation detecting deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA2157237A1 CA2157237A1 CA002157237A CA2157237A CA2157237A1 CA 2157237 A1 CA2157237 A1 CA 2157237A1 CA 002157237 A CA002157237 A CA 002157237A CA 2157237 A CA2157237 A CA 2157237A CA 2157237 A1 CA2157237 A1 CA 2157237A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- view
- detector
- fields
- switching
- optics
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000661 Mercury cadmium telluride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000940835 Pales Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010033546 Pallor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000089486 Phragmites australis subsp australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- CFMYXEVWODSLAX-QOZOJKKESA-N tetrodotoxin Chemical compound O([C@@]([C@H]1O)(O)O[C@H]2[C@@]3(O)CO)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@]11[C@H]2[C@@H](O)N=C(N)N1 CFMYXEVWODSLAX-QOZOJKKESA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/785—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
- B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
- B60Q1/50—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating other intentions or conditions, e.g. request for waiting or overtaking
- B60Q1/52—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating other intentions or conditions, e.g. request for waiting or overtaking for indicating emergencies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R11/04—Mounting of cameras operative during drive; Arrangement of controls thereof relative to the vehicle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0022—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation of moving bodies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
- G08G1/167—Driving aids for lane monitoring, lane changing, e.g. blind spot detection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R2011/0001—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
- B60R2011/0003—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R2011/0001—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
- B60R2011/0003—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
- B60R2011/0033—Rear-view mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
Abstract
A thermal emitted radiation detecting device is configured to detect objects in visual blind spots of a vehicle. A low cost differential detector is used which is sensitive to temperature change. Optics train two different fields of view on the detector and switch between the two fields of view to provide a blind spot field of view and a reference field of view. The presence of a vehicle in the blind spot field of view results in a temperature difference between the two fields of view. The resulting detector output signal is compared to predetermined threshold levels and then used to provide an indication, either visual or audible. Several embodiments of optics and switching fields of view are provided.
Description
21~7237 THERMAL E~~ RADIATION DETECTING DEVICE
The present invention is concerned with a thermal emitted radiation detector device and is particularly concerned with using such a device to detect objects in a blind spot.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The problem of detecting the presence of a trailing vehicle in the blind spot of a vehicle is well known. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,122,796 issued June 16, 1992 to George Beggs et al and assigned to Auto-Sense Ltd., discloses an active system using an electro-optic emitter and receiver. The emitter opelates in a short 10 wavelength infrared region thereby avoiding in~lrt;lc;llce from long wavelength infrared or thermal emitted radiation sources such as hot objects. A band pass filter is used to limit the detector to the pass band of the emitter.
For add-on devices in automotive applications, it is desirable to operate with power sources independent of the main vehicle power system. Active devices such as the Beggs et al emitter/detector system have a relatively high power consumption and may need connection to the vehicle's electrical system.
Passive detector systems have been proposed. For example, the present inventor is a co-inventor of a PCT Tntern~tional Patent Application filed March 10, 1995, proposes using a thermal emitted radiation detector of the type found in se~;uli~y system motion detectors for a passive blind spot detector. This type of thermal emitted radiation detector requires a change in telllpel~lule to provide an output.
As in the motion detector application, the proposed detector relies upon movement of the heat-generating object through the field of view of the detector to generate an output signal. This type of detector is, however, in~en~itive to relatively stationary objects. Hence, a trailing vehicle, rt;~ ining in the blind spot, if rem~ining in a fixed relative position, becomes undetect~ble and may be fo~ollell by the vehicle opelator.
21572~7 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved th~rm~l emitted radiation detecting device.
In accordallce with an aspect of the present invention there is provided a 5 thermal emitted radiation de,tectin~ device for detecting objects in a blind spot comprising: detector means for generating an output signal responsive to th.orm~l emitted radiation; means for defining first and second fields of view relative to the detector means; means for ~witching the field of view detected to generate a combined output signal; and means for deriving an indication of a proximate object 10 from the combined output signal.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a thermal emitted radiation detecting device for detecting objects in a blind spot compri~ing: a detector responsive to changes in thermal emitted radiation received to generate an output signal; optics for de,finin~ first and second fields of view relative 15 to the detector; a shutter for switching the field of view detected to generate a combined output signal; a signal generator for providing a square wave of prede,termin~d frequency for opeld~ing the shutter; a high-pass filter connected to the detector for filte,ring the combined output signal; a demodulator connected to the high-pass filter and the signal generator for deriving an object event signal; and an20 annunciator for colllp~,;n~ the object event signal to predetermined thresholds and providing an in~ic~tit)n of the presence of an object in the blind spot.
An advantage of the present invention is the ability to detect a relatively stationary object in a blind spot. Another advantage of the present invention isrelative in~Pn~itivity to variations in surface l~"~ ules common to the fields of 25 view.
_ 2157237 BRIEF DESCRIPIION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be further understood from the following description with reference to the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 illustrates a thermal emitted radiation detecting device in accordance S with a prerelled embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates operation of the thermal emitted radiation detectin~ device of Fig. 1 mounted on a leading vehicle to detect, in its visual blind spot, the presence of a trailing vehicle;
Fig. 3 schem~tically illustrates a colllpound Fresnel lens used in the thermal emitted radiation detecting device of Fig. l;
Fig. 4 schem~tic~lly illustrates a circuit for deriving an indication of the presence of a trailing vehicle for use with the detector of Fig. 1 in accordance with a pleferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figs. 5a, Sb, and 5c graphically illustrate typical signals at various stages ofthe circuit of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 illustrates a second embodiment of the thermal emitted radiation detector;
Fig. 7 illustrates a third embodiment of the thermal emitted radiation detector;and Fig. 8 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the thermal emitted radiation detector.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to Fig. 1 there is illustrated a blind spot detector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The blind spot detector incl~ldes a thermal emitted radiation detector 10, Fresnel lens 12 in spaced relationship from the thermal emitted radiation detector 10 and a shutter 14 disposed between the thermal emitted radiation detector 10 and the Fresnel lens 12. The Fresnel lens 12 includes four lens elements, lens elements 16, 18 and 20 defining fields of view for the detector 10 corresponding to the blind spot and lens element 22 defining a field of view for the detector 10 directed toward a reference point on the road behind the vehicle. The shutter 14 is operated between a first position 24 and is biased toward that position by the return spring 26 and a second position 28 and is attracted toward that second position by an electromagnet 30. In the first position 24 the shutter blocks the fields of view from the lens elements 16, 18 and 20 co~ onding to the blind spot of thevehicle and allows the field of view from the lens element 22 colres~llding to the 5 reference spot on the road to fall on the detector 10. In the second position 28 on energizing electromagnet 30 the shutter blocks the field of view from the lens elemPnt 22 and allows the fields of view from lens elempnt~ 16, 18 and 20 coll~,~onding to the blind spot of the vehicle to fall on the detector 10. As the detector 10 is sensitive to changes in le~ ule the switching between fields of view from a reference point 10 on the road behind the vehicle to the blind spot of the vehicle will provide a difference if there is a vehicle present within the blind spot.
Referring to Fig. 2 a vehicle 32 has mounted a blind spot de~;lQr 34 in accordal~ce with the present invention and travels along a road in a lane 36. A
second vehicle 38 trails the first vehicle in an adi~rpnt lane 40. The blind spot detector 34 establishes fields of view 42, 44 and 46 within the blind spot of the vehicle and generally directed toward a lane 40 and a reference field of view 48directed behind the vehicle 32 in the lane 36. The fields of view 42, 44, 46 and 48 col~s~nd to the Fresnel lens elements 16, 18, 20 and 22, rt;,~,eclively. The tllerm~l emitted r~di~tiQn detector 10, for the 8 - 14 micron range, is preferably a single 20 elemrnt pyroelectric detector such as the ~m~m~t~u P4736. As an ~llet~ v-e a pyroelectric detector having two sensing elemeMt~, for example, a Hynman LAH958 may be used with one of the detecting elements covered. ~ltern~tively, a semicustom device could be used. Such devices are usually manufactured with a large resistor, e.g. 100 GOhm, in parallel to the detecting elements. A lower value of this resistor 25 provides a wider effective bandwidth with a tradeoff of less sensitivity at lower frequencies. For the present emb~limP-nt, in which a lower frequency cutoff of about 10 Hz is desired, a resistor value of about 100 MOhm would be a~L)r~liate. Thesetypes of pyroelectric detectors are sensitive to changes in te~ luf~ and not to absolute le~llpel~lure thus the detector must see a change in lelllpe~alule in order to 30 generate an output signal. This change in telllpel~ule will occur when a heatgenerating object such as an operating vehicle is detected in one of the fields of view -` 21572~7 of the detector. The change in te~ )erdlule between one of the blind spot fields of view and the reference field of view is accomplished in the p~efe led embodiment by means of a shutter meçl~ni~m The shutter is driven at a constant rate of 10 Hertz.
The rate of operation must be slow enough to come within the band pass of the pyroelectric detector used and must be fast enough to provide s~lffi~ nt warning of a vehicle entering the blind spot. The pyro~etector response limits the m~illlulll shutter speed to less than 50 Hertz while need for detection of the vehicle limits the lower speed to approxi",~tely 2 Hertz. At this lower speed there is one measurement of the blind spot field of view every 500 milli~econds. ~uming a vehicle approaching at a relative speed of 20 km/h (5.6 meter/second), this gives a change in distance between ~mples of 2.3 meters. Thus, if the maximum detection range of the unit is 10 meters an appro~ching vehicle will be detected somewhere bc~ween 10 and 7.6 meters. The reference field of view 40 is directed behind the vehicle in an area that is not in the blind spot of a driver and in which a vehicle would not normally be positioned. Switching between the reference field of view 48 and theblind spot fields of view 42, 44 and 46 provides the neces~ y change in telllpeldlu~
for the detector where the heat generating objects such as an opeldling vehicle is present within those fields of view.
Referring to Fig. 3 there is illustrated a Fresnel lens in acco~ance with the ple~led embodiment of the present invention. The Fresnel lens includes lens element~ 16, 18 and 20 directed toward the vehicle blind spot and lens element 22 directed toward the road behind the vehicle. The lens elements 16, 18, and 20 are offset from each other to provide different fields of view, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
The Fresnel lens 12 also includes a thermal emitted radiation opaque mask 50 around the lens areas. The blind spot lens elements 16, 18 and 20 have a total area equal to the road viewing lens 22. This ensures that the thermal emitted radiation collected by the three blind spot lenses on an empty road will be equivalent to that collected by the road only lens 22. This is true as long as the road t~lll~ld~Ul'e iS relatively constant over the road only and blind spot fields of view.
--` 2157237 Referring to Fig. 4 there is sçhPm~tiç~lly illustrated a circuit for driving thecharter m~h~ni~m and for driving from the detector an in-lic~tion of the presence of a vehicle within the blind spot. In accordal1ce with an embodiment of the present invention the circuit includes a detector circuit 52 providing input to an ~mr)lifier 5 circuit 54 which provides input to a demodulator circuit 56 which provides input to an annunciator circuit 58. The demodulator circuit 56 is driven by a 10 Hertz square wave genel~lor 60 which also drives the shutter electromagnet 30. The detector circuit 52 inçl~ldes the pyroe1octric detector 10. Output from the detector is c~pacitively coupled via c~p~it~r Cl to the ~mplifi~r circuit 52 provided with two amplification stages 62 and 64. The amplifier circuit 54 acts as a high pass filter with a cut off frequency of about 10 Hertz. The output of the amplifier circuit 54 isapplied as input to the demodulator circuit 56. The demodulator circuit 56 is operated at a frequency of 10 Hertz by applying the output of the 10 Hertz square wave generator 60 to switches within the modulator circuit. The annunciator circuit 58 having COlllp~tOl~ 66 and 68 co~pales the output of the demodulator circuit 56 to threshold values to determine the presence of a vehicle in the blind spot and in response provides an output indication in the form of a drive signal to an LED D3.
Referring to Figures 5a, 5b and 5c there are graphically illustrated the outputsof the detector 52, the amplifier 54 and the demodulator 56 with the thresholds 20 applied by the annunciator circuit 58 s.l~li",posed thereon.
Figure 5a graphically illustrates a typical raw signal output from the pyroelectrical detector 10. This signal contains a response from a car in the blind spot belween 0.5 to 1.8 seconds superimposed on the signal caused by variations in the road le",pe~dlu~. The background signal caused by the variations of the road is 25 predomin~ntly lower frequency, hence high pass filtering will se~le a car signal from the background signal. The amplifier circuit 54 o~l~es as a high pass filter with a cut off frequency of 10 Hertz and produces an output signal from the input signal of 5a as shown in Figure 5b. The signal of Figure 5b is then demodul~t~d by ~vilching polarity synchronously with the shutter to produce a deteçtion signal as -- 21~7237 illustrated in Figure Sc. The ~nn~n~i~tQr circuit 58 then colllpa~es this signal with threshold values in order to determine the presence of a vehicle in the blind spot.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate ~ltern~tive embo liment~ of the thermal emitted radiation detector. In the plefelled embodiment of Fig. 1, the reference field of view 5 of the road surface and fields of view of the blind spot are defined by Fresnel lens ~lemPnt~ 16, 18, 20 and 22, respectively, with selection of the field of view being determin~ by the shutter 14. It is possible to provide various mP~h~nic~l shutter arrangements for example vibrating reeds or rotating blades. A LCD used as a shutter may work with thermal emitted radiation, but requires further investigation.
10 It is also possible to change the field of view of the detector 10 by other means as described hereinbelow.
Referring to Fig. 6, a single Fresnel lens 80is provided and ~uppolLed at one side by a vibrating device 82. The vibrating device 82 may be electrom~h~ni~l orpie70e1ectric in nature. On application of the drive signal to the vibrating device 82 15 the Fresnel lens 80 is rocked between two positions, co~sl)ollding to a reference field of view and a blind spot field of view. As the detector 10 is sensitive to change in le--~pel~ure, the change in fields of view results in an output signal being generated with the presence of a vehicle in the blind spot. Operation of the rest of the detector is as described with regard to the p,ere~red embodiment. As is wellknown the optical eltqment~, lenses, and the optical elemlont~, mirrors, may be inlel~hallged. Hence the Fresnel lens of Fig. 6 may be replaced by a concave mirror.
Fig. 7 illustrates such an arrangement in a third embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment, the Fresnel lens 80, of Fig. 6, is replaced by a concave mirror 86. The mirror 86 is mounted in a similar manner to the Fresnel lens, and in operation vibrates between two fields of view.
The fourth embodiment of Fig. 8 uses fixed optics 88, i.e. a lens or a mirror, but imparts relative movement to the detector to define two fields of view.
While the embo-limPnt~ of Figs. 6 through 8 have been described using the square wave generator of the p-efelled embodiment of Fig. 1 other waveforms are possible. The embo lim~nt~ of Figs. 6 through 8 define fields of view based on relative position and would capable of continuous movement between positions if the 5 detector has sufficient bandwidth. For example, either an MCT (HgCdTe) detector or a pyro-electric with a relatively low parallel resistor (about 1 MOhm) would have sufflcient bandwidth. Hence, a sawtooth waveform could be used to drive the vibration device 82 to cause the field of view to sweep an area within the blind spot.
For example, the field of view could be swept from a relatively near position to a 10 relatively remote position within the blind spot, thereby combining a reference field-of-view and blind spot field-of-view in a continuous scan. In addition, a phase ri ",i~ or could be added to quantify the relative position of the vehicle indication, and dirre~eilt colored LEDs could be used to display relative position. For example red yellow and green, collt;~onding to near, interm~i~te or distance positions of the 15 vehicle in the blind spot.
While embodiments of the present invention are described in the context of detecting trailing vehicles in the rear visual blind spot of the lead vehicle, other applications of the present invention are envisioned. For example, the present invention may be used on the front of a school bus to detect children not visible to 20 the driver. The present invention may also be used to detect people and vehicles in the blind spot directly behind large trucks, to warn the driver before backing up.
Numerous m~lific~tion, variations, and adaptations may be made to the particular embodiment~ of the invention described above without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims.
The present invention is concerned with a thermal emitted radiation detector device and is particularly concerned with using such a device to detect objects in a blind spot.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The problem of detecting the presence of a trailing vehicle in the blind spot of a vehicle is well known. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,122,796 issued June 16, 1992 to George Beggs et al and assigned to Auto-Sense Ltd., discloses an active system using an electro-optic emitter and receiver. The emitter opelates in a short 10 wavelength infrared region thereby avoiding in~lrt;lc;llce from long wavelength infrared or thermal emitted radiation sources such as hot objects. A band pass filter is used to limit the detector to the pass band of the emitter.
For add-on devices in automotive applications, it is desirable to operate with power sources independent of the main vehicle power system. Active devices such as the Beggs et al emitter/detector system have a relatively high power consumption and may need connection to the vehicle's electrical system.
Passive detector systems have been proposed. For example, the present inventor is a co-inventor of a PCT Tntern~tional Patent Application filed March 10, 1995, proposes using a thermal emitted radiation detector of the type found in se~;uli~y system motion detectors for a passive blind spot detector. This type of thermal emitted radiation detector requires a change in telllpel~lule to provide an output.
As in the motion detector application, the proposed detector relies upon movement of the heat-generating object through the field of view of the detector to generate an output signal. This type of detector is, however, in~en~itive to relatively stationary objects. Hence, a trailing vehicle, rt;~ ining in the blind spot, if rem~ining in a fixed relative position, becomes undetect~ble and may be fo~ollell by the vehicle opelator.
21572~7 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved th~rm~l emitted radiation detecting device.
In accordallce with an aspect of the present invention there is provided a 5 thermal emitted radiation de,tectin~ device for detecting objects in a blind spot comprising: detector means for generating an output signal responsive to th.orm~l emitted radiation; means for defining first and second fields of view relative to the detector means; means for ~witching the field of view detected to generate a combined output signal; and means for deriving an indication of a proximate object 10 from the combined output signal.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a thermal emitted radiation detecting device for detecting objects in a blind spot compri~ing: a detector responsive to changes in thermal emitted radiation received to generate an output signal; optics for de,finin~ first and second fields of view relative 15 to the detector; a shutter for switching the field of view detected to generate a combined output signal; a signal generator for providing a square wave of prede,termin~d frequency for opeld~ing the shutter; a high-pass filter connected to the detector for filte,ring the combined output signal; a demodulator connected to the high-pass filter and the signal generator for deriving an object event signal; and an20 annunciator for colllp~,;n~ the object event signal to predetermined thresholds and providing an in~ic~tit)n of the presence of an object in the blind spot.
An advantage of the present invention is the ability to detect a relatively stationary object in a blind spot. Another advantage of the present invention isrelative in~Pn~itivity to variations in surface l~"~ ules common to the fields of 25 view.
_ 2157237 BRIEF DESCRIPIION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be further understood from the following description with reference to the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 illustrates a thermal emitted radiation detecting device in accordance S with a prerelled embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates operation of the thermal emitted radiation detectin~ device of Fig. 1 mounted on a leading vehicle to detect, in its visual blind spot, the presence of a trailing vehicle;
Fig. 3 schem~tically illustrates a colllpound Fresnel lens used in the thermal emitted radiation detecting device of Fig. l;
Fig. 4 schem~tic~lly illustrates a circuit for deriving an indication of the presence of a trailing vehicle for use with the detector of Fig. 1 in accordance with a pleferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figs. 5a, Sb, and 5c graphically illustrate typical signals at various stages ofthe circuit of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 illustrates a second embodiment of the thermal emitted radiation detector;
Fig. 7 illustrates a third embodiment of the thermal emitted radiation detector;and Fig. 8 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the thermal emitted radiation detector.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to Fig. 1 there is illustrated a blind spot detector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The blind spot detector incl~ldes a thermal emitted radiation detector 10, Fresnel lens 12 in spaced relationship from the thermal emitted radiation detector 10 and a shutter 14 disposed between the thermal emitted radiation detector 10 and the Fresnel lens 12. The Fresnel lens 12 includes four lens elements, lens elements 16, 18 and 20 defining fields of view for the detector 10 corresponding to the blind spot and lens element 22 defining a field of view for the detector 10 directed toward a reference point on the road behind the vehicle. The shutter 14 is operated between a first position 24 and is biased toward that position by the return spring 26 and a second position 28 and is attracted toward that second position by an electromagnet 30. In the first position 24 the shutter blocks the fields of view from the lens elements 16, 18 and 20 co~ onding to the blind spot of thevehicle and allows the field of view from the lens element 22 colres~llding to the 5 reference spot on the road to fall on the detector 10. In the second position 28 on energizing electromagnet 30 the shutter blocks the field of view from the lens elemPnt 22 and allows the fields of view from lens elempnt~ 16, 18 and 20 coll~,~onding to the blind spot of the vehicle to fall on the detector 10. As the detector 10 is sensitive to changes in le~ ule the switching between fields of view from a reference point 10 on the road behind the vehicle to the blind spot of the vehicle will provide a difference if there is a vehicle present within the blind spot.
Referring to Fig. 2 a vehicle 32 has mounted a blind spot de~;lQr 34 in accordal~ce with the present invention and travels along a road in a lane 36. A
second vehicle 38 trails the first vehicle in an adi~rpnt lane 40. The blind spot detector 34 establishes fields of view 42, 44 and 46 within the blind spot of the vehicle and generally directed toward a lane 40 and a reference field of view 48directed behind the vehicle 32 in the lane 36. The fields of view 42, 44, 46 and 48 col~s~nd to the Fresnel lens elements 16, 18, 20 and 22, rt;,~,eclively. The tllerm~l emitted r~di~tiQn detector 10, for the 8 - 14 micron range, is preferably a single 20 elemrnt pyroelectric detector such as the ~m~m~t~u P4736. As an ~llet~ v-e a pyroelectric detector having two sensing elemeMt~, for example, a Hynman LAH958 may be used with one of the detecting elements covered. ~ltern~tively, a semicustom device could be used. Such devices are usually manufactured with a large resistor, e.g. 100 GOhm, in parallel to the detecting elements. A lower value of this resistor 25 provides a wider effective bandwidth with a tradeoff of less sensitivity at lower frequencies. For the present emb~limP-nt, in which a lower frequency cutoff of about 10 Hz is desired, a resistor value of about 100 MOhm would be a~L)r~liate. Thesetypes of pyroelectric detectors are sensitive to changes in te~ luf~ and not to absolute le~llpel~lure thus the detector must see a change in lelllpe~alule in order to 30 generate an output signal. This change in telllpel~ule will occur when a heatgenerating object such as an operating vehicle is detected in one of the fields of view -` 21572~7 of the detector. The change in te~ )erdlule between one of the blind spot fields of view and the reference field of view is accomplished in the p~efe led embodiment by means of a shutter meçl~ni~m The shutter is driven at a constant rate of 10 Hertz.
The rate of operation must be slow enough to come within the band pass of the pyroelectric detector used and must be fast enough to provide s~lffi~ nt warning of a vehicle entering the blind spot. The pyro~etector response limits the m~illlulll shutter speed to less than 50 Hertz while need for detection of the vehicle limits the lower speed to approxi",~tely 2 Hertz. At this lower speed there is one measurement of the blind spot field of view every 500 milli~econds. ~uming a vehicle approaching at a relative speed of 20 km/h (5.6 meter/second), this gives a change in distance between ~mples of 2.3 meters. Thus, if the maximum detection range of the unit is 10 meters an appro~ching vehicle will be detected somewhere bc~ween 10 and 7.6 meters. The reference field of view 40 is directed behind the vehicle in an area that is not in the blind spot of a driver and in which a vehicle would not normally be positioned. Switching between the reference field of view 48 and theblind spot fields of view 42, 44 and 46 provides the neces~ y change in telllpeldlu~
for the detector where the heat generating objects such as an opeldling vehicle is present within those fields of view.
Referring to Fig. 3 there is illustrated a Fresnel lens in acco~ance with the ple~led embodiment of the present invention. The Fresnel lens includes lens element~ 16, 18 and 20 directed toward the vehicle blind spot and lens element 22 directed toward the road behind the vehicle. The lens elements 16, 18, and 20 are offset from each other to provide different fields of view, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
The Fresnel lens 12 also includes a thermal emitted radiation opaque mask 50 around the lens areas. The blind spot lens elements 16, 18 and 20 have a total area equal to the road viewing lens 22. This ensures that the thermal emitted radiation collected by the three blind spot lenses on an empty road will be equivalent to that collected by the road only lens 22. This is true as long as the road t~lll~ld~Ul'e iS relatively constant over the road only and blind spot fields of view.
--` 2157237 Referring to Fig. 4 there is sçhPm~tiç~lly illustrated a circuit for driving thecharter m~h~ni~m and for driving from the detector an in-lic~tion of the presence of a vehicle within the blind spot. In accordal1ce with an embodiment of the present invention the circuit includes a detector circuit 52 providing input to an ~mr)lifier 5 circuit 54 which provides input to a demodulator circuit 56 which provides input to an annunciator circuit 58. The demodulator circuit 56 is driven by a 10 Hertz square wave genel~lor 60 which also drives the shutter electromagnet 30. The detector circuit 52 inçl~ldes the pyroe1octric detector 10. Output from the detector is c~pacitively coupled via c~p~it~r Cl to the ~mplifi~r circuit 52 provided with two amplification stages 62 and 64. The amplifier circuit 54 acts as a high pass filter with a cut off frequency of about 10 Hertz. The output of the amplifier circuit 54 isapplied as input to the demodulator circuit 56. The demodulator circuit 56 is operated at a frequency of 10 Hertz by applying the output of the 10 Hertz square wave generator 60 to switches within the modulator circuit. The annunciator circuit 58 having COlllp~tOl~ 66 and 68 co~pales the output of the demodulator circuit 56 to threshold values to determine the presence of a vehicle in the blind spot and in response provides an output indication in the form of a drive signal to an LED D3.
Referring to Figures 5a, 5b and 5c there are graphically illustrated the outputsof the detector 52, the amplifier 54 and the demodulator 56 with the thresholds 20 applied by the annunciator circuit 58 s.l~li",posed thereon.
Figure 5a graphically illustrates a typical raw signal output from the pyroelectrical detector 10. This signal contains a response from a car in the blind spot belween 0.5 to 1.8 seconds superimposed on the signal caused by variations in the road le",pe~dlu~. The background signal caused by the variations of the road is 25 predomin~ntly lower frequency, hence high pass filtering will se~le a car signal from the background signal. The amplifier circuit 54 o~l~es as a high pass filter with a cut off frequency of 10 Hertz and produces an output signal from the input signal of 5a as shown in Figure 5b. The signal of Figure 5b is then demodul~t~d by ~vilching polarity synchronously with the shutter to produce a deteçtion signal as -- 21~7237 illustrated in Figure Sc. The ~nn~n~i~tQr circuit 58 then colllpa~es this signal with threshold values in order to determine the presence of a vehicle in the blind spot.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate ~ltern~tive embo liment~ of the thermal emitted radiation detector. In the plefelled embodiment of Fig. 1, the reference field of view 5 of the road surface and fields of view of the blind spot are defined by Fresnel lens ~lemPnt~ 16, 18, 20 and 22, respectively, with selection of the field of view being determin~ by the shutter 14. It is possible to provide various mP~h~nic~l shutter arrangements for example vibrating reeds or rotating blades. A LCD used as a shutter may work with thermal emitted radiation, but requires further investigation.
10 It is also possible to change the field of view of the detector 10 by other means as described hereinbelow.
Referring to Fig. 6, a single Fresnel lens 80is provided and ~uppolLed at one side by a vibrating device 82. The vibrating device 82 may be electrom~h~ni~l orpie70e1ectric in nature. On application of the drive signal to the vibrating device 82 15 the Fresnel lens 80 is rocked between two positions, co~sl)ollding to a reference field of view and a blind spot field of view. As the detector 10 is sensitive to change in le--~pel~ure, the change in fields of view results in an output signal being generated with the presence of a vehicle in the blind spot. Operation of the rest of the detector is as described with regard to the p,ere~red embodiment. As is wellknown the optical eltqment~, lenses, and the optical elemlont~, mirrors, may be inlel~hallged. Hence the Fresnel lens of Fig. 6 may be replaced by a concave mirror.
Fig. 7 illustrates such an arrangement in a third embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment, the Fresnel lens 80, of Fig. 6, is replaced by a concave mirror 86. The mirror 86 is mounted in a similar manner to the Fresnel lens, and in operation vibrates between two fields of view.
The fourth embodiment of Fig. 8 uses fixed optics 88, i.e. a lens or a mirror, but imparts relative movement to the detector to define two fields of view.
While the embo-limPnt~ of Figs. 6 through 8 have been described using the square wave generator of the p-efelled embodiment of Fig. 1 other waveforms are possible. The embo lim~nt~ of Figs. 6 through 8 define fields of view based on relative position and would capable of continuous movement between positions if the 5 detector has sufficient bandwidth. For example, either an MCT (HgCdTe) detector or a pyro-electric with a relatively low parallel resistor (about 1 MOhm) would have sufflcient bandwidth. Hence, a sawtooth waveform could be used to drive the vibration device 82 to cause the field of view to sweep an area within the blind spot.
For example, the field of view could be swept from a relatively near position to a 10 relatively remote position within the blind spot, thereby combining a reference field-of-view and blind spot field-of-view in a continuous scan. In addition, a phase ri ",i~ or could be added to quantify the relative position of the vehicle indication, and dirre~eilt colored LEDs could be used to display relative position. For example red yellow and green, collt;~onding to near, interm~i~te or distance positions of the 15 vehicle in the blind spot.
While embodiments of the present invention are described in the context of detecting trailing vehicles in the rear visual blind spot of the lead vehicle, other applications of the present invention are envisioned. For example, the present invention may be used on the front of a school bus to detect children not visible to 20 the driver. The present invention may also be used to detect people and vehicles in the blind spot directly behind large trucks, to warn the driver before backing up.
Numerous m~lific~tion, variations, and adaptations may be made to the particular embodiment~ of the invention described above without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims.
Claims (28)
1. A device for detecting objects in a blind spot comprising:
detector means for generating an output signal responsive to thermal emitted radiation;
means for defining first and second fields of view relative to the detector means;
means for switching the field of view detected to generate a combined output signal; and means for deriving an indication of a proximate object from the combined output signal.
detector means for generating an output signal responsive to thermal emitted radiation;
means for defining first and second fields of view relative to the detector means;
means for switching the field of view detected to generate a combined output signal; and means for deriving an indication of a proximate object from the combined output signal.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the detector means comprises a differential thermal emitted radiation detector.
3. A device as claimed in claim 2 wherein said means for defining first and second fields of view comprise optics having first and second optical elements.
4. A device as claimed in claim 3 wherein said first and second optical elementsare Fresnel lenses.
5. A device as claimed in claim 3 wherein said first and second optical elementsare concave mirrors.
6. A device as claimed in claim 2 wherein said means for defining first and second fields of view comprise optics having a single optical element capable ofmovement between a first position and a second position corresponding to respective first and second fields of view.
7. A device as claimed in claim 6 wherein the optical element is Fresnel lens.
8. A device as claimed in claim 6 wherein the optical element is concave mirror.
9. A device as claimed in claim 6 wherein the optical element is a planar mirrorand the optics further comprise a fixed optical element.
10. A device as claimed in claim 9 wherein the fixed optical element is Fresnel lens.
11. A device as claimed in claim 9 wherein the fixed optical element is concave mirror.
12. A device as claimed in claim 3 wherein said means of switching comprises a shutter operable between first and second positions corresponding to allowing respective first and second fields of view to be detected.
13. A device as claimed in claim 12 wherein the shutter includes an opaque panelpivotally disposed between the detector and the optics, a spring biasing the panel to the first position and an electromagnet for attracting the panel to second position.
14. A device as claimed in claim 12 wherein the shutter includes a resilient reed disposed between the detector and the optics and an electromagnet for causing the reed to vibrate at a predetermined frequency.
15. A device as claimed in claim 12 wherein the shutter includes a rotary blade disposed between the detector and the optics.
16. A device as claimed in claim 6 wherein said means of switching comprises a vibrator for effecting movement of the optics between first and second positionscorresponding to allowing respective first and second fields of view to be detected.
17. A device as claimed in claim 16 wherein the vibrator is a piezoelectric device.
18. A device as claimed in claim 16 wherein the vibrator is an electromechanicaldevice.
19. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the means for detecting comprises first and second proportional detectors and wherein said first and second fields of view relate respectively thereto.
20. A device as claimed in claim 19 wherein the means for switching comprises an electrical switch for switching between the outputs of said first and second detectors.
21. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for deriving an indicationincludes a high-pass filter.
22. A device as claimed in claim 21 wherein the means for deriving includes an amplifier.
23. A device as claimed in claim 22 wherein the means for deriving includes a demodulator operable at a predetermined frequency corresponding to the frequencyof operating the means for switching.
24. A device as claimed in 23 wherein the means for deriving includes and annunciator.
25. A device as claimed in claim 3 wherein the means for switching includes a square wave generator of predetermined frequency.
26. A device as claimed in claim 6 wherein the means for switching includes a square wave generator of predetermined frequency.
27. A device as claimed in claim 6 wherein the means for switching includes a saw-tooth wave generator of predetermined frequency.
28. A device for detecting objects in a blind spot comprising:
a detector responsive to changes in thermal emitted radiation received to generate an output signal;
optics for defining first and second fields of view relative to the detector;
a shutter for switching the field of view detected to generate a combined outputsignal;
a signal generator for providing a square wave of predetermined frequency for operating the shutter;
a high-pass filter connected to the detector for filtering the combined output signal;
a demodulator connected to the high-pass filter and the signal generator for deriving an object event signal; and an annunciator for comparing the object event signal to predetermined thresholds and providing an indication of the presence of an object in the blind spot.
a detector responsive to changes in thermal emitted radiation received to generate an output signal;
optics for defining first and second fields of view relative to the detector;
a shutter for switching the field of view detected to generate a combined outputsignal;
a signal generator for providing a square wave of predetermined frequency for operating the shutter;
a high-pass filter connected to the detector for filtering the combined output signal;
a demodulator connected to the high-pass filter and the signal generator for deriving an object event signal; and an annunciator for comparing the object event signal to predetermined thresholds and providing an indication of the presence of an object in the blind spot.
Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002157237A CA2157237A1 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1995-08-30 | Thermal emitted radiation detecting device |
| US08/602,467 US5668539A (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-02-16 | Thermal emitted radiation detecting device |
| CN96196573A CN1085832C (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-07-22 | Thermal emitted radiation detecting device |
| PCT/CA1996/000490 WO1997008524A1 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-07-22 | Thermal emitted radiation detecting device |
| AU63521/96A AU6352196A (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-07-22 | Thermal emitted radiation detecting device |
| JP09509636A JP3129443B2 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-07-22 | Thermal radiation detector |
| AT96922724T ATE185622T1 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-07-22 | DETECTION DEVICE FOR THERMALLY EMITTED RADIATION |
| DK96922724T DK0847519T3 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-07-22 | Device for detecting thermal radiation |
| DE69604684T DE69604684T2 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-07-22 | DETECTING DEVICE FOR THERMALLY EMITTED RADIATION |
| EP96922724A EP0847519B1 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-07-22 | Thermal emitted radiation detecting device |
| MXPA/A/1998/001567A MXPA98001567A (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1998-02-26 | Emit thermal radiation detection device |
| HK99101143A HK1016254A1 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1999-03-22 | Thermal emitted radiation detecting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002157237A CA2157237A1 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1995-08-30 | Thermal emitted radiation detecting device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2157237A1 true CA2157237A1 (en) | 1997-03-01 |
Family
ID=4156511
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002157237A Abandoned CA2157237A1 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1995-08-30 | Thermal emitted radiation detecting device |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5668539A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0847519B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3129443B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1085832C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE185622T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6352196A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2157237A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69604684T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0847519T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1016254A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997008524A1 (en) |
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-
1996
- 1996-02-16 US US08/602,467 patent/US5668539A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-22 WO PCT/CA1996/000490 patent/WO1997008524A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-22 DE DE69604684T patent/DE69604684T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-22 DK DK96922724T patent/DK0847519T3/en active
- 1996-07-22 AU AU63521/96A patent/AU6352196A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-22 CN CN96196573A patent/CN1085832C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-22 EP EP96922724A patent/EP0847519B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-22 AT AT96922724T patent/ATE185622T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-22 JP JP09509636A patent/JP3129443B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-22 HK HK99101143A patent/HK1016254A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1085832C (en) | 2002-05-29 |
| CN1194033A (en) | 1998-09-23 |
| HK1016254A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 |
| MX9801567A (en) | 1998-10-31 |
| EP0847519A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
| AU6352196A (en) | 1997-03-19 |
| US5668539A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
| JP3129443B2 (en) | 2001-01-29 |
| JP2000503760A (en) | 2000-03-28 |
| ATE185622T1 (en) | 1999-10-15 |
| EP0847519B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 |
| WO1997008524A1 (en) | 1997-03-06 |
| DK0847519T3 (en) | 2000-01-03 |
| DE69604684T2 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
| DE69604684D1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20040830 |