CA2189135C - Thin wall catheter having enhanced torqueability characteristics - Google Patents
Thin wall catheter having enhanced torqueability characteristics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2189135C CA2189135C CA002189135A CA2189135A CA2189135C CA 2189135 C CA2189135 C CA 2189135C CA 002189135 A CA002189135 A CA 002189135A CA 2189135 A CA2189135 A CA 2189135A CA 2189135 C CA2189135 C CA 2189135C
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- Prior art keywords
- tubular body
- outer layer
- peba
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- weight
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
- A61M25/0045—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features multi-layered, e.g. coated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/04—Macromolecular materials
- A61L29/049—Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/04—Macromolecular materials
- A61L29/06—Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. lubricating compositions
- A61L29/18—Materials at least partially X-ray or laser opaque
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
- A61M25/005—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features with embedded materials for reinforcement, e.g. wires, coils, braids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M2025/0098—Catheters; Hollow probes having a strain relief at the proximal end, e.g. sleeve
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0068—Static characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. shape, atraumatic tip, curved tip or tip structure
- A61M25/0069—Tip not integral with tube
Abstract
A diagnostic catheter (10) comprises a tubular body (12) having an inner layer (28) of 100 percent polyamide over which is a braided metal wire sleeve (30) and an outer layer (32) formed as a blend of either the polyamide and PEBA along with a suitable radiopaque filler or, alternatively, a blend of PEBA having different durometers. Affixed either directly to the end of the above tubular body (12) or to a stem member (34) secured to that tubular body (12) is a soft-tip (40) formed from a blend of PEBA whose hardness is such that the catheter (10) can be considered as having an atraumatic tip. The resulting catheter (10) exhibits excellent torque and column strength characteristics while providing a relatively large diameter lumen for a given outside diameter.
Description
WO 95/31226 PCTlIB95I00120 THIN WALL CATHETER HAVING ENHANCED
TORQUEABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
~ackcrround of the Invention The present inventionrelates to intravascular -catheters, and more particularly to a diagnostic catheter having a relatively small outside diameter for its relatively large diameter internal lumen and which possesses excellent pushability and torqueability characteristics.
In evaluating the progress of coronary artery disease in patients, angiographyprocedures are used to view the patency of selected blood vessels. In carrying out this procedure, a diagnostic catheter having a desired distal end curvature configuration is introduced into the femoral artery using the Seldinger technique and advanced over a guide wire through the vascular system of the patient until the distal end of the catheter is steered into the particular coronary artery to be examined. With smaller patients, a brachial approach may be used.
In that the path taken by the diagnostic catheter is quite tortuous, it is essential to a good diagnostic catheter vnat it can be steered by tor.zuing its proximal hub and that the torgue be transmitted to the distal end in a smooth, controllable fashion. Moreover, the catheter must have sufficient strength in the longitudinal direction so as not to kink or fold as it is advanced through the vascular system. It must also possess a lubricous core lumen to facilitate passage of a guidewire or possibly another catheter therethrough.
It is also a desirable feature of a diagnostic catheter that it possess a relatively large lumen to allow fluids, such as radiopaque contrast fluid to be WO 95/31226 ~ PGT/d~B95100120 _2- . -injected therethrough-and out the distal end so that the area of-the vascular system under investigation can be viewed fluoroscopically.
The desirable properties of a catheter having a relatively small O.D. and a relatively large I.D.
dictates a fairly thin wall. To maintain the desired torqueability and pushability characteristics of-a i thin_wall catheter galls for considerable ingenuity in-the formulation of the materials employed and the constructional techniques utilized.
The Jang et al. U.S. Patent 4,898,591.-describes a diagnostic catheter having a tubular body-formed from inner and outer tubular layers, there being a strengthening braid interposed-between the-inner and outer layers. Each of the inner and outerlayera is formed from a blend of a nylon and an ester-linked polyether-polyamide copolymer., __ The present invention. is-deemed to be-an advance overthe prior art as represented by the Jang et al.
patent in that it provides a diagnostic catheter having a minimal O.D. and a maximal I.D. while still maintaining the necessary torqueability and-pushability characteristics. Using the method and the constituents for the various layers set forth herein, it has been possible to design a diagnostic catheter having, for example, a 4 Fr O.D. but with an internal lumen that is as large as the internal lumen of-a 5 Fr-catheter that is currently commercially available. Similarly, a 6-Fr catheter-made in accordance with the present invention possesses an internal lumen that is about equal to that of a I
commercially-available 7 Fr catheter.
Summarv of the Invention In accordance with the present invention there is provided an intravascular catheter comprising: an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer; a reinforcing sleeve of braided filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance; an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall. thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French;
wherein said outer layer is a blend of Nylon-12 polyamide, said polyether block amide and further comprises a radiopaque filler; said blend comprising 19.3% by weight polyamide, 44.5%
by weight PEBA and 36% by weight BaS04 radiopaque filler and 0.2% by weight of a pigment. The unmodified polyamide polymer is preferably Nylon-12. As used herein, the term "unmodified polyamide polymer" refers to the fact that nothing is added to the polymer matrix that tends to substantially change its physical properties, such as copolymers, polymer blends, miscible polymers in relation to polyamide-based polymer matrices or polymer performance enhancers which would substantially change the physical properties of the polymer.
For instance, the fact that a colorant or a radiopaque filler material is added is not considered to be a modification.
Nylon-12 is hydrophobic meaning that it does not absorb moisture and swell.
The invention also provides an intravascular catheter comprising: an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular . . CA 02189135 2000-OS-09 body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer; a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance; an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French; said outer layer comprising a blend including 63.8% by weight 72D PEBA 36% BaS04 radiopaque filler and 0.2% by weight of a pigment.
The invention further provides an intravascular catheter comprising: an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer; a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance; an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French; said outer layer comprising a blend including 63.8% by weight 70D PEBA, 36% BaS04 radiopaque filler and 0.2% pigment.
Prefera~~ly affixed to the distal end of the tubular body member is a soft-tip member, which may be molded from a 4a blend of resins such that the soft tip exhibits a hardness that is less than about 45 Shore D.
The invention also provides an intravascular catheter comprising: an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyami3e polymer; a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance; an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French; said outer layer comprising a blend of Nylon-12 polyamide, said. polyether block amide and further comprises a radiopaque filler; and a soft-tip member comprising a blend of 48.6% by weight 25D PEBA, 32.4% by weight 40D PEBA, 15% by weight BaSO~ radiopaque filler and 4% by weight Ti02 colorant.
The intravascular catheter may also incorporate a non-braided tubular stem member that is interposed between and bonded to both the tubular body and the soft-tip member. The stem member itself preferably comprises a single layer of a copolymer of polyamide and PEBA whose Shore hardness is in the range of from 25D to 72D. It may have a uniform or tapered outer diameter.
When attempts are made to thermally bond a soft-tip or a stem member to a braid-reinforced tubular body, the cut free ends of the wires comprising the braid may distort due to 4b heat and penetrate through the heat-softened wall of the tubular body either into the lumen or through the outer wall.
To obviate this pr~~blem, the catheter of the present invention generally incorpor;~tes a ring or band formed from a suitable metal or from a hi~~h temperature resistant plastic, such as polyimide sold under the trademark, KAPTON. This thin ring captures the ends ~~f the wires comprising the braid, preventing them from fraying ~~r otherwise distorting as a thermal bonding of a soft-tip or a tubular stem member takes place.
Description of the Drawings The fore~~oing features, objects and advantages of the invention will bec~~me apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, especially when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which :Like numerals in the several views refer to corresponding parts.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a diagnostic WO 95131226 2 T 8 913 5 p~/~g9510072D
catheter constructed in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the catheter ofFigure 1 taken along the line 2-2;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken through the stem member of the catheter along the line 3-3 in Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along the line 4-4 which passes through the joint between the tubular body stock and thestem member; and Figure 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken through the distal end portion of the catheter-along the line 5-5 in Figure 1.
Des~Yi~tion of the Pr fPr re EttIL'~n~-limont Referring first to Figure 1, there is indicated generally by numeral 10 a diagnostic catheter comprising the present invention. It includes an elongated tubular body 12 having a proximal end 14, a distal end 16 and a lumen 18 extending therebetween.
Affixed to the proximal end 14 of the tubular body 12 is a molded plastic hub 20 having a Luer fitting 22 at its proximal end and flared wings 24 projecting radially from the diametrically opposed aides thereof to facilitate twisting of the catheter. An elastomeric sleeve 26 surrounds the proximal end portion of the tubular body 12 and functions as a strain relief member. The sleeve 26 is. preferably roughened or knurled to facilitate gripping and rotation thereof using a three-finger catheter engagement. The length of the tubular body 12 will ~ typically be 3-1/2 to 4 feet in length and will have an outside diameter that is generally uniform over this length and will come in various sizes from, say, a 3 Fr to 8 Fr.
Referring to the cross-sectional view of Figure 2, it can be seen that the tubular body 12 is formed with an inner layer 28 which is preferably an unmodified polyamide, such as Nylon-12~. With this polyamide as the material for the inner layer 28, the surface defining the lumen 18 is inherently lubricous. Moreover, Nylon-12 is found not to absorb moisture and, hence, will not change in dimension when immersed in saline, body fluids and/or contrast media liquid. The inner layer 28 preferably has a wall thickness in the range of from 0.001 to 0.008 inch with 0.0025 ~ 0.0005 inch being preferred.
As can also be seen in the cross-sectional views of Figures 2 and 4, a braided sleeve of metal wires 30 is formed about the inner layer 28. More particularly, the inner layer 28 will typically be extruded over a polyacetal mandrel, and following extrusion, is braided using stainless steel braid wire. Any one of a number of braid patterns may be used including, without limitation, staggered 2-over-2-under or staggered 1-over-1-under. The braid angle may be adjusted to range anywhere from 20° to 60° from the perpendicular plane of the catheter. Again, without limitation, the braid wire diameter may fall in the range of from 0.0010 to 0.0030 inches.
As the wires are braided about the central inner layer 28, minor deformations occur at the point of contact between the braid wires and the Nylon-12 inner layer, creating tiny irregularities in the surface of the lumen 18. It is found that these irregularities reduce the effective wall contact area between, say, a guidewire or an angioplasty catheter that might be inserted through the lumen, thereby reducing friction still further than is provided by the lubricous nature of the Nylon-12 material itself.
Following the braided operation, an outer layer 32 is extruded onto the assembly. The outer layer may comprise polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D and preferably contains a radiopaque filler, such as barium sulfate BaS04. As can be seen from the cross-sectional views of Figures 2 and 4, the outer layer 32 totally embeds the braided sleeve and the die used with the extruder will provide a predetermined wall thickness yielding an outer diameter to the tubular body that is selected to be anywhere in the range of from 3 Fr to 8 Fr. The lumen 18 is of a diameter in the range of from 0.026 to 0.080 inch and said outer layer has an outer diameter in the range of from 0.039 to 0.110 inch.
While the inner layer 28 of the catheter is preferably formed from 100% Nylon-12 polyamide, the outer layer may comprise a blend of polyether block amides that exhibit differing durometers to yield a catheter body having a desired stiffness characteristic or ~~feel~~. The outer layer 32 may also be a blend of polyamide and PEBA. Thus, for example, the outer layer may be a blend including, say, 63.8% by weight of a 72D PEBA having 36% BaS04 added as a radiopaque filler and 0.2%
by weight of a pigment to provide a desired color to the tubular body. As another example, the outer layer may comprise a blend of 19.3% by weight polyamide, 44.5% of 70D PEBA and 36%
by weight of BaS04 again with 0.2% by weight of a pigment added for color.
To provide a desired shape characteristic to the distal end portion of the diagnostic catheter, a tubular stem member 34 is thermally bonded to the distal end portion of the braided tubular body 12.
W0 95!31226 PCTIIB95/00120 ~~~9135 As is best seen in Figure 4, the braided tubular body ~ , has its outer layer or jacket 32 ground to a bevel as at 36. By beveling the distal end portion 16 of the tubular body 12, greater surface area-is provided=for effecting-attachment of the stem member 34_ In t2~at the grinding-operation used to create the bevel reduces the thickness of the outer jacket relative to the ends of the wires 30 comprising the braided sleeve, it has been found expedient to provide a band or ring 38 of a non-penetrable material surrounding the free ends of the braid wires.--Without uch a band, the heating required-to effect a thermal bond between the tubular body 12 and the jacket-34 can cause the-frayed ends of the braid to warp or bend to the point where they can penetrate through the inner layer 28 into the lumen 18 or through the thickness of the tubular stem 34. The band 38 confines those ends during heating, preventing such undesired-wall penetration. With no limitation intended, the band of non-penetrable material may comprise a metal, such as tantalum, titanium, iridium, gold, silver, stainless steel-and alloys of such materials.
I
Alternatively, a suitable high temperature polymers, such as pnlyimide, e.g., KAPTON, can be used to constrain the free ends of the braid wires from penetrating the interior or exterior wall of the catheter during thermal bonding re-flow procedures.
The stem member 34 may comprise a blend of PEBA
ranging from, say, 25D to 72D-with a polyamide, such I
I
as Nylon-12, along with a radiopague filler, e.g., barium sulfate, being added, along with a desired i pigment.
Completing the catheter is a soft-tip member 40 which may be bonded to the-distal end portion of the ~ wo 9srsizz6 2 i $ ~ , ~ 5 PCTl1895/00120 _g_ stem member 34. In forming the soft-tip on the catheter, a suitable low durometer (25D - 40D) PEBA
can be used. Alternatively, a PEBA blend with 15% to 45% by weight of radiopaque filler, such as BaS04, may be used. In particular, a resin blend consisting of 48.6.% 25D PEBA, 32.4% 40D PEBA, 15% BaS04 and 4%
TiOa pigment has been found to provide a soft, atraumatic tip. That tip may be formed by injection molding the material onto the distal end of the stem member 34. Alternatively, if the catheter is not designed to include a stem member, the soft-tip 4D
may be injection molded directly onto a distal end portion of the braided tubular body 12 with a impenetrable ring 38 again being used to confine the I5 braiding wire ends as the soft tip is being formed.
Using the above techniques, it has been possible to produce a 3 Fr O.D. catheter having a lumen with a diameter of 0.026 inches and which still possesses excellent torquing characteristics whereby the distal end of the catheter follows a rotation of its proximal end. Moreover, even with such a relatively large diameter lumen in comparison to its outer diameter, the catheter still has adequate column strength allowing it to be advanced through the vascular system without kinking or buckling. An S Fr diagnostic catheter constructed in accordance with the present invention may have a lumen as large as 0.076 inches, again having the desirable properties expected by most cardiologists as far as its ability to be manipulated through the application of longitudinal and rotational forces at the proximal end portion of the catheter.
Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the intravascular catheter in accordance with wo 9smzzs 2 i ~ g ~ 3-r~ rc~r~9srooiao the present invention can be manufactured to havea variety of different distal end shaped configurations to suit the desires of different cardiologists. , Various modifications-and changes in detail may be made to the above-described embodiments and -examples without departing from the -spirit and scope of the-invention. It is therefore intended that all such matter as described and shown in the attached drawings be considered as illustrative only and not limiting. -What is claimed is:
TORQUEABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
~ackcrround of the Invention The present inventionrelates to intravascular -catheters, and more particularly to a diagnostic catheter having a relatively small outside diameter for its relatively large diameter internal lumen and which possesses excellent pushability and torqueability characteristics.
In evaluating the progress of coronary artery disease in patients, angiographyprocedures are used to view the patency of selected blood vessels. In carrying out this procedure, a diagnostic catheter having a desired distal end curvature configuration is introduced into the femoral artery using the Seldinger technique and advanced over a guide wire through the vascular system of the patient until the distal end of the catheter is steered into the particular coronary artery to be examined. With smaller patients, a brachial approach may be used.
In that the path taken by the diagnostic catheter is quite tortuous, it is essential to a good diagnostic catheter vnat it can be steered by tor.zuing its proximal hub and that the torgue be transmitted to the distal end in a smooth, controllable fashion. Moreover, the catheter must have sufficient strength in the longitudinal direction so as not to kink or fold as it is advanced through the vascular system. It must also possess a lubricous core lumen to facilitate passage of a guidewire or possibly another catheter therethrough.
It is also a desirable feature of a diagnostic catheter that it possess a relatively large lumen to allow fluids, such as radiopaque contrast fluid to be WO 95/31226 ~ PGT/d~B95100120 _2- . -injected therethrough-and out the distal end so that the area of-the vascular system under investigation can be viewed fluoroscopically.
The desirable properties of a catheter having a relatively small O.D. and a relatively large I.D.
dictates a fairly thin wall. To maintain the desired torqueability and pushability characteristics of-a i thin_wall catheter galls for considerable ingenuity in-the formulation of the materials employed and the constructional techniques utilized.
The Jang et al. U.S. Patent 4,898,591.-describes a diagnostic catheter having a tubular body-formed from inner and outer tubular layers, there being a strengthening braid interposed-between the-inner and outer layers. Each of the inner and outerlayera is formed from a blend of a nylon and an ester-linked polyether-polyamide copolymer., __ The present invention. is-deemed to be-an advance overthe prior art as represented by the Jang et al.
patent in that it provides a diagnostic catheter having a minimal O.D. and a maximal I.D. while still maintaining the necessary torqueability and-pushability characteristics. Using the method and the constituents for the various layers set forth herein, it has been possible to design a diagnostic catheter having, for example, a 4 Fr O.D. but with an internal lumen that is as large as the internal lumen of-a 5 Fr-catheter that is currently commercially available. Similarly, a 6-Fr catheter-made in accordance with the present invention possesses an internal lumen that is about equal to that of a I
commercially-available 7 Fr catheter.
Summarv of the Invention In accordance with the present invention there is provided an intravascular catheter comprising: an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer; a reinforcing sleeve of braided filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance; an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall. thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French;
wherein said outer layer is a blend of Nylon-12 polyamide, said polyether block amide and further comprises a radiopaque filler; said blend comprising 19.3% by weight polyamide, 44.5%
by weight PEBA and 36% by weight BaS04 radiopaque filler and 0.2% by weight of a pigment. The unmodified polyamide polymer is preferably Nylon-12. As used herein, the term "unmodified polyamide polymer" refers to the fact that nothing is added to the polymer matrix that tends to substantially change its physical properties, such as copolymers, polymer blends, miscible polymers in relation to polyamide-based polymer matrices or polymer performance enhancers which would substantially change the physical properties of the polymer.
For instance, the fact that a colorant or a radiopaque filler material is added is not considered to be a modification.
Nylon-12 is hydrophobic meaning that it does not absorb moisture and swell.
The invention also provides an intravascular catheter comprising: an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular . . CA 02189135 2000-OS-09 body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer; a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance; an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French; said outer layer comprising a blend including 63.8% by weight 72D PEBA 36% BaS04 radiopaque filler and 0.2% by weight of a pigment.
The invention further provides an intravascular catheter comprising: an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer; a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance; an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French; said outer layer comprising a blend including 63.8% by weight 70D PEBA, 36% BaS04 radiopaque filler and 0.2% pigment.
Prefera~~ly affixed to the distal end of the tubular body member is a soft-tip member, which may be molded from a 4a blend of resins such that the soft tip exhibits a hardness that is less than about 45 Shore D.
The invention also provides an intravascular catheter comprising: an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyami3e polymer; a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance; an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French; said outer layer comprising a blend of Nylon-12 polyamide, said. polyether block amide and further comprises a radiopaque filler; and a soft-tip member comprising a blend of 48.6% by weight 25D PEBA, 32.4% by weight 40D PEBA, 15% by weight BaSO~ radiopaque filler and 4% by weight Ti02 colorant.
The intravascular catheter may also incorporate a non-braided tubular stem member that is interposed between and bonded to both the tubular body and the soft-tip member. The stem member itself preferably comprises a single layer of a copolymer of polyamide and PEBA whose Shore hardness is in the range of from 25D to 72D. It may have a uniform or tapered outer diameter.
When attempts are made to thermally bond a soft-tip or a stem member to a braid-reinforced tubular body, the cut free ends of the wires comprising the braid may distort due to 4b heat and penetrate through the heat-softened wall of the tubular body either into the lumen or through the outer wall.
To obviate this pr~~blem, the catheter of the present invention generally incorpor;~tes a ring or band formed from a suitable metal or from a hi~~h temperature resistant plastic, such as polyimide sold under the trademark, KAPTON. This thin ring captures the ends ~~f the wires comprising the braid, preventing them from fraying ~~r otherwise distorting as a thermal bonding of a soft-tip or a tubular stem member takes place.
Description of the Drawings The fore~~oing features, objects and advantages of the invention will bec~~me apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, especially when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which :Like numerals in the several views refer to corresponding parts.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a diagnostic WO 95131226 2 T 8 913 5 p~/~g9510072D
catheter constructed in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the catheter ofFigure 1 taken along the line 2-2;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken through the stem member of the catheter along the line 3-3 in Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along the line 4-4 which passes through the joint between the tubular body stock and thestem member; and Figure 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken through the distal end portion of the catheter-along the line 5-5 in Figure 1.
Des~Yi~tion of the Pr fPr re EttIL'~n~-limont Referring first to Figure 1, there is indicated generally by numeral 10 a diagnostic catheter comprising the present invention. It includes an elongated tubular body 12 having a proximal end 14, a distal end 16 and a lumen 18 extending therebetween.
Affixed to the proximal end 14 of the tubular body 12 is a molded plastic hub 20 having a Luer fitting 22 at its proximal end and flared wings 24 projecting radially from the diametrically opposed aides thereof to facilitate twisting of the catheter. An elastomeric sleeve 26 surrounds the proximal end portion of the tubular body 12 and functions as a strain relief member. The sleeve 26 is. preferably roughened or knurled to facilitate gripping and rotation thereof using a three-finger catheter engagement. The length of the tubular body 12 will ~ typically be 3-1/2 to 4 feet in length and will have an outside diameter that is generally uniform over this length and will come in various sizes from, say, a 3 Fr to 8 Fr.
Referring to the cross-sectional view of Figure 2, it can be seen that the tubular body 12 is formed with an inner layer 28 which is preferably an unmodified polyamide, such as Nylon-12~. With this polyamide as the material for the inner layer 28, the surface defining the lumen 18 is inherently lubricous. Moreover, Nylon-12 is found not to absorb moisture and, hence, will not change in dimension when immersed in saline, body fluids and/or contrast media liquid. The inner layer 28 preferably has a wall thickness in the range of from 0.001 to 0.008 inch with 0.0025 ~ 0.0005 inch being preferred.
As can also be seen in the cross-sectional views of Figures 2 and 4, a braided sleeve of metal wires 30 is formed about the inner layer 28. More particularly, the inner layer 28 will typically be extruded over a polyacetal mandrel, and following extrusion, is braided using stainless steel braid wire. Any one of a number of braid patterns may be used including, without limitation, staggered 2-over-2-under or staggered 1-over-1-under. The braid angle may be adjusted to range anywhere from 20° to 60° from the perpendicular plane of the catheter. Again, without limitation, the braid wire diameter may fall in the range of from 0.0010 to 0.0030 inches.
As the wires are braided about the central inner layer 28, minor deformations occur at the point of contact between the braid wires and the Nylon-12 inner layer, creating tiny irregularities in the surface of the lumen 18. It is found that these irregularities reduce the effective wall contact area between, say, a guidewire or an angioplasty catheter that might be inserted through the lumen, thereby reducing friction still further than is provided by the lubricous nature of the Nylon-12 material itself.
Following the braided operation, an outer layer 32 is extruded onto the assembly. The outer layer may comprise polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D and preferably contains a radiopaque filler, such as barium sulfate BaS04. As can be seen from the cross-sectional views of Figures 2 and 4, the outer layer 32 totally embeds the braided sleeve and the die used with the extruder will provide a predetermined wall thickness yielding an outer diameter to the tubular body that is selected to be anywhere in the range of from 3 Fr to 8 Fr. The lumen 18 is of a diameter in the range of from 0.026 to 0.080 inch and said outer layer has an outer diameter in the range of from 0.039 to 0.110 inch.
While the inner layer 28 of the catheter is preferably formed from 100% Nylon-12 polyamide, the outer layer may comprise a blend of polyether block amides that exhibit differing durometers to yield a catheter body having a desired stiffness characteristic or ~~feel~~. The outer layer 32 may also be a blend of polyamide and PEBA. Thus, for example, the outer layer may be a blend including, say, 63.8% by weight of a 72D PEBA having 36% BaS04 added as a radiopaque filler and 0.2%
by weight of a pigment to provide a desired color to the tubular body. As another example, the outer layer may comprise a blend of 19.3% by weight polyamide, 44.5% of 70D PEBA and 36%
by weight of BaS04 again with 0.2% by weight of a pigment added for color.
To provide a desired shape characteristic to the distal end portion of the diagnostic catheter, a tubular stem member 34 is thermally bonded to the distal end portion of the braided tubular body 12.
W0 95!31226 PCTIIB95/00120 ~~~9135 As is best seen in Figure 4, the braided tubular body ~ , has its outer layer or jacket 32 ground to a bevel as at 36. By beveling the distal end portion 16 of the tubular body 12, greater surface area-is provided=for effecting-attachment of the stem member 34_ In t2~at the grinding-operation used to create the bevel reduces the thickness of the outer jacket relative to the ends of the wires 30 comprising the braided sleeve, it has been found expedient to provide a band or ring 38 of a non-penetrable material surrounding the free ends of the braid wires.--Without uch a band, the heating required-to effect a thermal bond between the tubular body 12 and the jacket-34 can cause the-frayed ends of the braid to warp or bend to the point where they can penetrate through the inner layer 28 into the lumen 18 or through the thickness of the tubular stem 34. The band 38 confines those ends during heating, preventing such undesired-wall penetration. With no limitation intended, the band of non-penetrable material may comprise a metal, such as tantalum, titanium, iridium, gold, silver, stainless steel-and alloys of such materials.
I
Alternatively, a suitable high temperature polymers, such as pnlyimide, e.g., KAPTON, can be used to constrain the free ends of the braid wires from penetrating the interior or exterior wall of the catheter during thermal bonding re-flow procedures.
The stem member 34 may comprise a blend of PEBA
ranging from, say, 25D to 72D-with a polyamide, such I
I
as Nylon-12, along with a radiopague filler, e.g., barium sulfate, being added, along with a desired i pigment.
Completing the catheter is a soft-tip member 40 which may be bonded to the-distal end portion of the ~ wo 9srsizz6 2 i $ ~ , ~ 5 PCTl1895/00120 _g_ stem member 34. In forming the soft-tip on the catheter, a suitable low durometer (25D - 40D) PEBA
can be used. Alternatively, a PEBA blend with 15% to 45% by weight of radiopaque filler, such as BaS04, may be used. In particular, a resin blend consisting of 48.6.% 25D PEBA, 32.4% 40D PEBA, 15% BaS04 and 4%
TiOa pigment has been found to provide a soft, atraumatic tip. That tip may be formed by injection molding the material onto the distal end of the stem member 34. Alternatively, if the catheter is not designed to include a stem member, the soft-tip 4D
may be injection molded directly onto a distal end portion of the braided tubular body 12 with a impenetrable ring 38 again being used to confine the I5 braiding wire ends as the soft tip is being formed.
Using the above techniques, it has been possible to produce a 3 Fr O.D. catheter having a lumen with a diameter of 0.026 inches and which still possesses excellent torquing characteristics whereby the distal end of the catheter follows a rotation of its proximal end. Moreover, even with such a relatively large diameter lumen in comparison to its outer diameter, the catheter still has adequate column strength allowing it to be advanced through the vascular system without kinking or buckling. An S Fr diagnostic catheter constructed in accordance with the present invention may have a lumen as large as 0.076 inches, again having the desirable properties expected by most cardiologists as far as its ability to be manipulated through the application of longitudinal and rotational forces at the proximal end portion of the catheter.
Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the intravascular catheter in accordance with wo 9smzzs 2 i ~ g ~ 3-r~ rc~r~9srooiao the present invention can be manufactured to havea variety of different distal end shaped configurations to suit the desires of different cardiologists. , Various modifications-and changes in detail may be made to the above-described embodiments and -examples without departing from the -spirit and scope of the-invention. It is therefore intended that all such matter as described and shown in the attached drawings be considered as illustrative only and not limiting. -What is claimed is:
Claims (13)
1. An intravascular catheter comprising:
an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer;
a reinforcing sleeve of braided filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance;
an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French;
wherein said outer layer is a blend of Nylon-12 polyamide, said polyether block amide and further comprises a radiopaque filler;
said blend comprising 19.3% by weight polyamide, 44.5% by weight PEBA and 36% by weight BaSO4 radiopaque filler and 0.2%
by weight of a pigment.
an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer;
a reinforcing sleeve of braided filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance;
an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French;
wherein said outer layer is a blend of Nylon-12 polyamide, said polyether block amide and further comprises a radiopaque filler;
said blend comprising 19.3% by weight polyamide, 44.5% by weight PEBA and 36% by weight BaSO4 radiopaque filler and 0.2%
by weight of a pigment.
2. An intravascular catheter comprising:
an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer;
a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance;
an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French;
said outer layer comprising a blend including 63.8% by weight 72D PEBA 36% BaSO4 radiopaque filler and 0.2% by weight of a pigment.
an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer;
a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance;
an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French;
said outer layer comprising a blend including 63.8% by weight 72D PEBA 36% BaSO4 radiopaque filler and 0.2% by weight of a pigment.
3. An intravascular catheter comprising:
an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer;
a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance;
an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French;
said outer layer comprising a blend including 63.8% by weight 70D PEBA, 35% BaSO4 radiopaque filler and 0.2% pigment.
an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer;
a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends and the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance;
an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French;
said outer layer comprising a blend including 63.8% by weight 70D PEBA, 35% BaSO4 radiopaque filler and 0.2% pigment.
4. An intravascular catheter comprising:
an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer;
a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends end the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance;
an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French;
said outer layer comprising a blend of Nylon-12 polyamide, said polyether block amide and further comprises a radiopaque filler; and a soft-tip member comprising a blend of 48.6% by weight 25D PEBA, 32.4% by weight 40D PEBA, 15% by weight BaSO4 radiopaque filler and 4% by weight TiO2 colorant.
an elongated tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween, said tubular body formed with an inner layer consisting essentially of an unmodified polyamide polymer;
a reinforcing sleeve of filaments, the filaments having opposed free ends end the braided sleeve surrounding said inner layer and extending from said proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body by a predetermined distance;
an outer layer including a polyether block amide (PEBA) of a predetermined durometer hardness in the range of from about 50 Shore D to 75 Shore D, said outer layer at least partially covering said reinforcing sleeve and having a wall thickness providing an outer diameter to said tubular body in the range of from 3 French to 8 French;
said outer layer comprising a blend of Nylon-12 polyamide, said polyether block amide and further comprises a radiopaque filler; and a soft-tip member comprising a blend of 48.6% by weight 25D PEBA, 32.4% by weight 40D PEBA, 15% by weight BaSO4 radiopaque filler and 4% by weight TiO2 colorant.
5. The intravascular catheter of any one of Claims 1 to 4 and further including an annular soft-tip member bonded to said distal end of said tubular body member, said soft-tip member being molded from a blend of resins whereby said soft-tip exhibits a hardness less than about 45, Shore D.
6. The intravascular catheter as in Claim 5 and further including a tubular stem member interposed between and bonded to both said tubular body and said soft-tip member, said stem member being a copolymer of a polyamide and a polyether block amide whose Shore hardness is in the range of from 25D to 72D.
7. The intravascular catheter of any one of Claims 1 to 6 wherein said inner layer is of a 100 percent polyamide polymer having a wall thickness in the range of from about 0.001 to 0.008 inches.
8. The intravascular catheter as in Claim 7 wherein said wall thickness is 0.0025 inches.
9. The intravascular catheter as in any one of Claims 1 to 8 wherein said reinforcing sleeve is totally embedded between said inner layer and outer layer.
10. The intravascular catheter as in Claim 6 wherein said stem member includes a radiopaque filler material.
11. The intravascular catheter as in Claim 6 wherein said tubular body and said tubular stem member have the same outer diameter.
12. The intravascular catheter as in Claim 6 wherein said tubular stem member is tapered from a first outside diameter equal to the outside diameter of said tubular body at a junction between said tubular body and said tubular stem member to a lesser diameter.
13. The intravascular catheter as in any one of Claims 1 to 12 wherein said lumen is of a diameter in the range of from 0.026 to 0.080 inch and said outer layer has an outer diameter in the range of from 0.039 to 0.110 inch.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/245,428 US5403292A (en) | 1994-05-18 | 1994-05-18 | Thin wall catheter having enhanced torqueability characteristics |
US08/245,428 | 1994-05-18 | ||
PCT/IB1995/000120 WO1995031226A1 (en) | 1994-05-18 | 1995-02-27 | Thin wall catheter having enhanced torqueability characteristics |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA2189135A1 CA2189135A1 (en) | 1995-11-23 |
CA2189135C true CA2189135C (en) | 2001-06-12 |
Family
ID=22926612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002189135A Expired - Fee Related CA2189135C (en) | 1994-05-18 | 1995-02-27 | Thin wall catheter having enhanced torqueability characteristics |
Country Status (8)
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US (3) | US5403292A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0759788B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2950995B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE308351T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU688858B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2189135C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69534565T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995031226A1 (en) |
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1994
- 1994-05-18 US US08/245,428 patent/US5403292A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-07 US US08/350,779 patent/US5599325A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-02-27 WO PCT/IB1995/000120 patent/WO1995031226A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-02-27 AT AT95908358T patent/ATE308351T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-27 EP EP95908358A patent/EP0759788B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1995-02-27 AU AU16706/95A patent/AU688858B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-02-27 DE DE69534565T patent/DE69534565T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-27 CA CA002189135A patent/CA2189135C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-27 JP JP7529480A patent/JP2950995B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
- 1997-02-03 US US08/794,607 patent/US5725513A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CA2189135A1 (en) | 1995-11-23 |
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JP2950995B2 (en) | 1999-09-20 |
EP0759788A1 (en) | 1997-03-05 |
DE69534565D1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
EP0759788B1 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
US5403292A (en) | 1995-04-04 |
JPH09506026A (en) | 1997-06-17 |
ATE308351T1 (en) | 2005-11-15 |
WO1995031226A1 (en) | 1995-11-23 |
MX9605630A (en) | 1998-05-31 |
DE69534565T2 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
US5725513A (en) | 1998-03-10 |
AU688858B2 (en) | 1998-03-19 |
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