CA2190292A1 - Water sterilisation apparatus - Google Patents
Water sterilisation apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA2190292A1 CA2190292A1 CA002190292A CA2190292A CA2190292A1 CA 2190292 A1 CA2190292 A1 CA 2190292A1 CA 002190292 A CA002190292 A CA 002190292A CA 2190292 A CA2190292 A CA 2190292A CA 2190292 A1 CA2190292 A1 CA 2190292A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- chamber
- switch
- inlet opening
- valve assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4606—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for producing oligodynamic substances to disinfect the water
Abstract
The invention provides water sterilising apparatus (10) adapted to employ the process of heavy metal sterilisation and including a body (I l) defining a chamber (12) formed with spaced inlet and outlet openings (13, 14) whereby water may be caused to flow through the chamber, a silver anode (15) to coact with at least one cathode ( 16) spacedly mounted in said chamber for release of Ag+ ions to the flow of water therebetween; electric circuit means (17) including power cell means (18) associated with said body and connected to said electrodes (15, 16); an on/off switch (20) in said circuit means (17) normally disposed inoperatively so that the circuit is open when water is not entering said chamber (12) at said inlet opening (13), and a switch-actuating valve assembly (21) mounted movably adjacent said inlet opening, said valve assembly being normally urged in biased manner to a position in which it closes the inlet opening (13) but adapted to be moved against said bias by water caused to flow through said inlet opening whereby said water enters and passes through said chamber and out said outlet opening, and the parts being so made and arranged that movement of said switch-actuating valve assembly (21) to open the inlet opening (13) causes said normally-open switch (20) to be closed to complete the circuit.
Description
wo gS/31404 21 9 0 ~ g ~ PCTI~U9~00280 "WATER S'rT~RTl T~A~ION APPARATUS"
TT rTTNIr~T FIRT T) OF TTTT~ INVENTION
THIS LNv~L~ ~ lUN relates to water sterilisation apparatus, and more particularly it relates to apparatus for fiterilising 5 water by the process of heavy metal sterilisation using the bacteriostatic e~ect of the heavy metal, silver. While the invention has particular application in destroying disease-carrying bacteria in drinking water and is described herein in that context, it will be realised that the invention is not lO limited to that particular field of use but may have wider and different applications.
RZ~rRr.R(lTlNT) I~RT
As is well known and also disclosed in various prior patent sperif;rAtion, the high affinity that Ag+ has to -SH and 15 other groups, makes it an efficient biocide for the treatment of water and other liquids. It will be understood that Ag+
ions, in measured doses, are toxic to lower life forms but non-toxic to humans, and in consequence this process can be used to sterilise drinking water. Previous apparatus for these 20 I,uL~oses and patent specifications directed thereto have shown however that prior usages have required large and heavy apparatus for Ag+ ion release, as well as complicated apparatus for waterflow control, and also switches at high cost. Such apparatus, electrical circuits and switches have been arranged 25 to release Ag+ ions at a minimal yet reasonably effective rate, but the bulkiness alone would not in the past allow a unit to be made to a size permitting it to be carried manually or in a relatively small suit case or the like.
In the prior art, considerable work has been carried out 30 also in the development and use of apparatus using silver pills for the same purposes, but many problems have been encountered such as having to keep the pills dry, pArk~qi n5 the pills 80 that the silver does not corrode and 80 that the Ag+ does not come into contact with the atmosphere prior to use. Since 35 other chemicals may be needed to bind the Ag+ within a pill, such additional chemicals can add further contaminants to the water. Problems also arise in relation to the question of how many pills should be used for a given volume of water.
Wo 9S/31404 ~ PCrtAUsS/00280 t~R TECT OF T~TF , Nv~ir~LluN
The principal object of the present invention i8 to provide apparatus which will ameliorate many of the problems described above by effectively controlling the water flow rate and Ag+ ion release for effective sterilisation results using the energy of the water being treated as a controlling factor.
Another object of the present invention is to provide water sterilisation apparatus of the character described which will have an advantage over certain prior art in that it can be operated not only in a set disposition such as in a horizontal flow line for water, but al60 at any given angle of use or an inverted disposition.
It i8 a further Dbject to provide novel apparatus as aforementioned which can be designed to operate very Pff; t ;~ntly for water sterilisation while being small enough to be readily transported and carried by an individual user from place to pl~ce.
The invention further aims to provide water sterilisation apparatus of the aforedescribed character which will have urther advantages over certain prior art proposals in that it will not be subject to malfunction or operational difficulties in Areas where t ~ Lu- ~ or humidity variations may be extreme. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be hereinafter set out in the descriptions of preferred or practical - '; Ls .
DISrT rl~lTRT~ OF TTTT~ lNV~ lUN
With the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention resides broadly, according to one aspect thereof, in water sterilising apparatus adapted to employ the process of heavy metal sterilisation and including:
a body ~l~f;n;ng a chamber formed with spaced inlet and outlet openings whereby water may be caused to f low through the chamber from said inlet opening to said outlet opening;
at least two electrodes spacedly mounted in said chamber for 10w of water th~LebeL..~ in its passage from said inlet opening to said outlet opening;
WO 95/31404 r 2 1 9 ~ ~ 9 2 PCT1~1~95/00280 electric circuit means including power cell means associated with said body and connected to said electrodes for passing electric current between said electrodes through said water;
an on/off switch in said circuit means normally disposed inoperatively BO that the circuit is open when water is not entering said chamber at said inlet opening, and a switch-actuating Yalve assembly mounted movably adjacent said inlet opening, said valve assembly being normally urged in biased manner to a position in which it closes the inlet opening but adapted to be moved against said bias by water caused to f low through said inlet opening whereby said water enters and passes through said chamber and out said outlet opening, said electrodes including a silver anode to coact with at least one cathode for the release of Ag+ ions, and the parts being 80 made and arranged that ~,. l. of said switch-actuating valve assembly to open the inlet opening causes said normally-open switch to be - 20 closed to complete the circuit whereby electric current passes between said electrodes as water f lows through said chamber .
The on/off switch, as referred to, may be of various kinds but preferably includes normally spaced first and second contact members in the electric circuit means and adapted to be brought together by the influence of a r^rP~ir field when a permanent magnet, such as a f~Ll- gnat, is moved in a direction theretowards, said magnet comprising part of said switch-actuating valve assembly movable to open the inlet opening by tr~n~nrm; n~ the potential energy from the body of water which, when caused to flow, carries the valve assembly and magnet towards said . contact members to close the switch to r complete the electric circuit. For practical purposes, the on/of f switch may most suitably be a reed switch having at least one said contact member of movable leaf form.
For guided control of the movable switch-actuating assembly, the latter preferably includes a cylindrical valve Wo 95/31404 ~ , ~ 21~ 2 PCrIAU95100280 piston slidable with clearance in a guide tube arr~nged 60 that its inner end communicates with the chamber while its outer end is provided with a valve seat at the inlet opening, the valve assembly being biased by means of a light tension spring 5 connected between the outer ~ace o~ the valve piston and part of the body upstream of the valve seat. In one: _-; L, the guide tube for the cylindrical valve piston is constituted by part of the chamber walls adjacent the inlet opening, but in another : _ ';- L, the guide tube is a separate tube removably 10 mounted within and spaced from the adjacent walls of the chamber, the guide tube also being provided in that inatance with apertures through its wall intermediate its ends to f acilitate water f low therethrough to the chamber prior to the water flowing to the inner end of the guide tube.
lS In one ~ ';- L hereinafter illustrated, the electrodes comprise a single silver anode and a s1ngle cathode, but in a preferred ' '; L there are three electrodes comprising said silver anode as well as two stainless steel cathodes at equal distances on opposite sides thereof, all electrodes being co-20 planar and having freely projecting active ends within the chamber, the opposite or fixing ends being connected in the circuit means, while s~id opposite or fixing ends of the cathodes are also connected to each other.
In all : ~ ' i - Ls, it is pref erred that the electric 25 circuit means includes one or more light-emitting diodes or indicators . In the simplest _ ' i L, there is employed a single "L.E.D. " which confirms that current is flowing between the anode and cathode, but in the preferred: ~'; Ls, we would provide two light-emitting diodes arranged in series in 30 two dif ~erent colours such as yellow and green and adapted to indicate the need f or various actions as later set out in detail, such as the need to clean the silver anode.
In the design of the apparatus, the body may be of any suitable material and of various suitable shapes, but it is 35 pref erred that the body be made mainly of PVC and of T-shaped form, having aligned or coaxial inlet and outlet housings for the inlet opening and outlet opening respectively, while a w~> 95131404 PcrlAU95100280 ~ `;` 2~292 third housing at right angles to the inlet and outlet housings has removably fitted therein a coupler assembly, suitably with a PVC casing, fitted with said power cell means, said t electrodes and said electric circuit means. In normal usage disposition of the apparatus, the aligned inlet and outlet housings will have their axes contiguous and horizontal.
While the third housing may extend vertically up f rom and above the inlet and outlet housings, it could operate also when extending vertically down or at any prP~l~t~rminr~d angle.
Other features of the invention, including use in conjunction with carbon filter assemblies and other related apparatus, will be hereinafter apparent.
~ TFF DR~rRTPTION OF TT~F ~RAWINGS
In order that the present invention may be more readily understood and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the a ~- ying drawings which illu6trate preferred '; Ls of the invention and wherein:-Fig. 1 is a part-diagrammatic, sec~ nAl side elevation of a first form of water sterilisation apparatus according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the water sterilising apparatus shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 illustrates diagrammatically the use of the water sterilising apparatus of Figs. l and 2 attached to a carbon-type filtering device as commonly used;
Fig. 4 is a view corrr~spnnrlinrJ to Fig. l but of a ';f;~r~1 . ';r L of the invention;
Fig . 5 shows a modif ied f orm of switch-actuating valve assembly to be substituted for that shown in Fig. 4, 3 0 and Fig. 6 shows a simple wiring diagram applicable to the ~ L shown in Fig. 4.
M~TTnn nF pERFllRMANrF
Referring to the drawings and initially to Figs. l and 2, the water sterilising apparatus indicated generally by the numeral 10 has a body 11 rlr~f;n;nrJ a chamber 12 formed with spaced inlet and outlet openings 13 and 14, respectively, at WO 95~31404 ~ 2 PCr~ g~ ~ -opposite sides whereby water may be caused to ~low through the chamber 12 from the inlet opening 13 to the outlet opening 14.
In this ~ ; L there are two electrodes comprising a silver anode 15 and a single stainless steel cathode 16 spacedly 5 mounted in the chamber 12 for flow of water therebetween.
Electric circuit means ; n~ ted generally by the numeral 17 includes power cell means 18 comprising in this case a power pack of four 1.5 volt batteries l9 connected to the anode 15 and cathode 16 for passing current between same.
An on/off switch indicated generally at 20 is provided in the circuit means 17 and normally disposed inoperatively as illustrated so that the circuit is open when water is not entering the chamber 12 at the inlet opening 13. For control of the on/off switch 20, there is provided a switch-actuating valve assembly indicated generally at 21 and mounted movably adjacent the inlet opening 13, the assembly 21 being biased normally by a light stainless steel tension spring 22 to occupy a position in which it closes the inlet opening 13, but it is adapted to be moved against the action of the spring 22 by incoming water so that the water will enter and pass through the chamber 12. As illustrated, the parts are so made and arranged that v~ L of the switch-actuating valve assembly 21 against the action of the spring 22 will cause the normally-open switch 20 to be closed to complete the circuit whereby current passes between the anode 15 and cathode 16 as water f lows through the chamber 12 .
The on/off switch 20 has a pair of normally spaced first and second contact members 23 and 24 connected in the electrical circuit 17, there being separate leads as illustrated for the reed switch 20, anode 15 and cathode 16 respectively. The contact members 23 and 24 are of movable leaf form constituting a reed-type switch and adapted to be brought together by the inf luence of a magnetic field when a pPrr nPnt magnet is moved towards the switch members. In this instance, there is a permanent magnet in the form of a f~LL, ~net 25 forming part of the switch-actuating valve assembly 21, the magnet 25 being mounted on a piston 26 which WO 95131404 = ~ ~19 ~ ~ g 2 PCTIA
is substantially cylindrical and movable guidedly with clearance in a guide tube 27 ( in this case the inner wall BUrfaCe 28 forming part of the chamber 12) ao that the inner end of the tube 27 communicates with (or i8 part of ) the chamber 12, while the outer end of the guide tube 27 is formed i~to a wall having a valve seat 29 at the inlet opening 13.
The afoL~ Lioned light tension spring 22 is thus crmnPcted between the outer face 30 of the valve piston 26 and an a~choring member 31 upstream of the valve Beat 29 and the inlet opening 13.
The electric circuit means 27 will be seen to include an L.E.D. (light-emitting diode) shown at 32 to co~firm that current i5 f lowing between the anode 15 and cathode 16 . The circuit also includes resisters shown at 33 and 3g. As apparent from Figs. 1 and 2, the body 11 can suitably be made of moulded polyvinylchloride (PVC) or equivalent plastics material so that in use it will have a horizontally disposed cylindrical section with an inlet housing 35 at one end and an outlet housing 36 at the other end, having aligned or coaxial opPningc as shown. The housings 35 and 36 in this instance have externally threaded ends 37 and 38 adjacent hf.Y~gonA1-headed sections 39 and 40, while their tubular inner ends are ~usion sealed to and within the cylindrical section of the body 10 which is integral with a tapped upper or third housing 41 which receives the lower Pytern~ 1 1 y threaded end 42 of a PVC
coupler assembly 43 carrying the power cell means, the electrodes and the electric circuit means generally.
As shown in Fig. 3, the apparatus 10 requires that an inlet hose 44 be attached to the threaded end 37 at the inlet housing 35, while the threaded end 38 at the outlet housing 36 is connected to a delivery spout member 45 via a housing 46 containing in this instance granular activated carbon for f iltering purposes .
Referring now to Fig. 4, this uL~ uu~lds to Fig. 1 but shows a modified form of water sterilisation apparatus, the 6ame numerals being used for corrP~pon~l;ng ^ntS but suffixed by the letter "a'. Thus, the apparatus 10~ has a .
Wo95131404 ~ 32~2 PCr/Aussloo28o chamber 12~L in its body lla which is provided with an inlet opening 13~ and outlet opening 14~. However, in this case the silver anode 15~ co-acts with a pair of stainless steel cathodes 16~L and 16_ in the electric circuit means 17a 80 that 5 again the power cell means 18~a has four batteries 19B and an on/off switch 20~ having the same action and basic parts as the switch 20 in Fig. 1. The two cathodes are interconnected at their fixing ends, while the circuit means 17~ in this case has two L.E.D. '8 namely a yellow L.E.D. 32~ and a green L.E.D. 32_ 10 as shown also in the wiring diagram of Fig. 6 which shows the lead 47 for the anode 15~, the lead 48 for the cathodes and the lead 49 for the reed switch 20~a, resisters 33a and 34~ also being shown and being for example ~ watt 320 ohms and ~ watt 65 ohms respectively in one instance. The light-emitting diodes 15 are viewable in this case through a clear acrylic mirror/prism assembly 50.
Also shown in Fig. 4 is a switch-actuating valve assembly 21~ in which the feLL~ _ ^t 25~ is mounted in a recess in the piston 26~ and the latte~ is closely slidable with leak-past 20 tolerance in a cylindrical part of the chamber 12~, a tension spring 22~1 being connected as in the first ' :'; L and restrained in its inward ,v~ L by a fence structure 51.
A variation in the mounting arrangements for the piston and magnet can be seen in Fig. 5 in which the magnet 25_ and piston 25 26_ are of lesser diameter than in the other -~i- Lg but of greater axial length, the piston being slidable in a separate tube 52 between a valve seat 29_ at the outer end and the inner end portion which has regularly spaced apertures 53 therearound to f acilitate f low of water to the chamber once the valve 30 assembly has substantially opened.
The manner in which apparatus according to these ~ i Ls is used will be clear from the drawings and the foregoing descriptions. The apparatus has the advantage that it can be used upside down or at any angle, but preferably the 35 water inlet and outlet openings are in a horizontal line and the chamber is such that water flow will ensure there is a contained body of water to permit electrode actions - but of W095/31404 ~ 2 ~ ~ O ~ g~ PCT~A
course the circuit will be broken when the water f low ceases 80 that the magnet then exerts no inf luence on the on/of f reed-type switch which acts to cut of f f low of current between the diode and the cathodes.
When the water to be treated i8 allowed to flow, the piston is pushed by the water towards the anode to open the valve seat, whereupon a small percentage of the water to be treated f lows past the piston towards the cathode and the anode, while the larger percentage of water holds the piston in an open position. With this mode of operation, the piston acts as a check-valve or non-return valve as well as a feLL~ ~r~t carriage. The v~ L of the piston brings the magnetic field created by the feL., gn~t closer to the reed switch, and at a particular position the saturation flux density of the magnetic f ield causes the reed switch to close, completing the circuit re~uired for the positive operation of the cathode-anode sterilising syatem and the operation of a light emitting diode which shows that f low is occurring.
As all f~LL~ gn~tic materials are p~ Lly ~-r~-t; ~ed and all exhibit a rh~n~ of hysteresis ( a lag in response to rh~n~; ng forces based on energy losses resulting from internal friction), the saturation flux density and its forces upon the reed switch will remain constant and p~ n~nt allowing for very effective on/off operation of the unit.
When the flow of water to be treated is discontinued, the return spring pulls the piston back to its original position closing the valve seat and preventing treated water from escaping upstream. The magnetised body may be any of those metals which exhibit the ability to be porr~n~ntly magnetised such as iron, nickel and cobalt.
When using two light emitting diodes, the parts can be arranged 80 that the yellow ~.E.D. informs the user when a dull - glow is seen ( less bright than that of the green) that there is conductivity between the anode and cathode and the anode is not 35 fouled by a build-up of any contaminants that may insulate it and prevent it f rom releasing silver ions into the water .
When the yellow L.E.D. is completely out and the green ~.E.D.
WO 95131404 219 0 2 9 2 PCT/A1~9~/00280 is aglow, this confirms the need to clean the silver anode from contaminants which may have caused it to become insulated.
When the yellow L.E.D. is glowing as bright or brighter than the green L.E.D., this informs the user that the water being 5 treated has a very high conductivity level and should be tested for potability before consumption.
While apparatus as described and illustrated will be found very effective in achieving the objects for which the invention has been devised, many further modifications are possible such 10 as, for example, the use of a water inlet valve arrangement whereby the light tension spring is replaced by gravitational - closing effects acting as the bias means.
Also, the apparatus may be incorporated into asi~: lie~
for cleaning swimming pools or other industrial applications 15 such as the sterilisation of sewage. Any number and types of filters can be incorporated in the flow line, and the apparatus may be y~ ded by a pressure-limiting valve 80 that water will not be allowed to reach more than a pre-~let~-rmin~d maximum pressure at which the water sterilisation process will 20 adequately handle the water flowing through the apparatus.
The invention will be understood to embrace all variations, modifications and additional applications as will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art without departing from the broad scope and ambit of the invention as 25 def ined by the appended claims .
TT rTTNIr~T FIRT T) OF TTTT~ INVENTION
THIS LNv~L~ ~ lUN relates to water sterilisation apparatus, and more particularly it relates to apparatus for fiterilising 5 water by the process of heavy metal sterilisation using the bacteriostatic e~ect of the heavy metal, silver. While the invention has particular application in destroying disease-carrying bacteria in drinking water and is described herein in that context, it will be realised that the invention is not lO limited to that particular field of use but may have wider and different applications.
RZ~rRr.R(lTlNT) I~RT
As is well known and also disclosed in various prior patent sperif;rAtion, the high affinity that Ag+ has to -SH and 15 other groups, makes it an efficient biocide for the treatment of water and other liquids. It will be understood that Ag+
ions, in measured doses, are toxic to lower life forms but non-toxic to humans, and in consequence this process can be used to sterilise drinking water. Previous apparatus for these 20 I,uL~oses and patent specifications directed thereto have shown however that prior usages have required large and heavy apparatus for Ag+ ion release, as well as complicated apparatus for waterflow control, and also switches at high cost. Such apparatus, electrical circuits and switches have been arranged 25 to release Ag+ ions at a minimal yet reasonably effective rate, but the bulkiness alone would not in the past allow a unit to be made to a size permitting it to be carried manually or in a relatively small suit case or the like.
In the prior art, considerable work has been carried out 30 also in the development and use of apparatus using silver pills for the same purposes, but many problems have been encountered such as having to keep the pills dry, pArk~qi n5 the pills 80 that the silver does not corrode and 80 that the Ag+ does not come into contact with the atmosphere prior to use. Since 35 other chemicals may be needed to bind the Ag+ within a pill, such additional chemicals can add further contaminants to the water. Problems also arise in relation to the question of how many pills should be used for a given volume of water.
Wo 9S/31404 ~ PCrtAUsS/00280 t~R TECT OF T~TF , Nv~ir~LluN
The principal object of the present invention i8 to provide apparatus which will ameliorate many of the problems described above by effectively controlling the water flow rate and Ag+ ion release for effective sterilisation results using the energy of the water being treated as a controlling factor.
Another object of the present invention is to provide water sterilisation apparatus of the character described which will have an advantage over certain prior art in that it can be operated not only in a set disposition such as in a horizontal flow line for water, but al60 at any given angle of use or an inverted disposition.
It i8 a further Dbject to provide novel apparatus as aforementioned which can be designed to operate very Pff; t ;~ntly for water sterilisation while being small enough to be readily transported and carried by an individual user from place to pl~ce.
The invention further aims to provide water sterilisation apparatus of the aforedescribed character which will have urther advantages over certain prior art proposals in that it will not be subject to malfunction or operational difficulties in Areas where t ~ Lu- ~ or humidity variations may be extreme. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be hereinafter set out in the descriptions of preferred or practical - '; Ls .
DISrT rl~lTRT~ OF TTTT~ lNV~ lUN
With the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention resides broadly, according to one aspect thereof, in water sterilising apparatus adapted to employ the process of heavy metal sterilisation and including:
a body ~l~f;n;ng a chamber formed with spaced inlet and outlet openings whereby water may be caused to f low through the chamber from said inlet opening to said outlet opening;
at least two electrodes spacedly mounted in said chamber for 10w of water th~LebeL..~ in its passage from said inlet opening to said outlet opening;
WO 95/31404 r 2 1 9 ~ ~ 9 2 PCT1~1~95/00280 electric circuit means including power cell means associated with said body and connected to said electrodes for passing electric current between said electrodes through said water;
an on/off switch in said circuit means normally disposed inoperatively BO that the circuit is open when water is not entering said chamber at said inlet opening, and a switch-actuating Yalve assembly mounted movably adjacent said inlet opening, said valve assembly being normally urged in biased manner to a position in which it closes the inlet opening but adapted to be moved against said bias by water caused to f low through said inlet opening whereby said water enters and passes through said chamber and out said outlet opening, said electrodes including a silver anode to coact with at least one cathode for the release of Ag+ ions, and the parts being 80 made and arranged that ~,. l. of said switch-actuating valve assembly to open the inlet opening causes said normally-open switch to be - 20 closed to complete the circuit whereby electric current passes between said electrodes as water f lows through said chamber .
The on/off switch, as referred to, may be of various kinds but preferably includes normally spaced first and second contact members in the electric circuit means and adapted to be brought together by the influence of a r^rP~ir field when a permanent magnet, such as a f~Ll- gnat, is moved in a direction theretowards, said magnet comprising part of said switch-actuating valve assembly movable to open the inlet opening by tr~n~nrm; n~ the potential energy from the body of water which, when caused to flow, carries the valve assembly and magnet towards said . contact members to close the switch to r complete the electric circuit. For practical purposes, the on/of f switch may most suitably be a reed switch having at least one said contact member of movable leaf form.
For guided control of the movable switch-actuating assembly, the latter preferably includes a cylindrical valve Wo 95/31404 ~ , ~ 21~ 2 PCrIAU95100280 piston slidable with clearance in a guide tube arr~nged 60 that its inner end communicates with the chamber while its outer end is provided with a valve seat at the inlet opening, the valve assembly being biased by means of a light tension spring 5 connected between the outer ~ace o~ the valve piston and part of the body upstream of the valve seat. In one: _-; L, the guide tube for the cylindrical valve piston is constituted by part of the chamber walls adjacent the inlet opening, but in another : _ ';- L, the guide tube is a separate tube removably 10 mounted within and spaced from the adjacent walls of the chamber, the guide tube also being provided in that inatance with apertures through its wall intermediate its ends to f acilitate water f low therethrough to the chamber prior to the water flowing to the inner end of the guide tube.
lS In one ~ ';- L hereinafter illustrated, the electrodes comprise a single silver anode and a s1ngle cathode, but in a preferred ' '; L there are three electrodes comprising said silver anode as well as two stainless steel cathodes at equal distances on opposite sides thereof, all electrodes being co-20 planar and having freely projecting active ends within the chamber, the opposite or fixing ends being connected in the circuit means, while s~id opposite or fixing ends of the cathodes are also connected to each other.
In all : ~ ' i - Ls, it is pref erred that the electric 25 circuit means includes one or more light-emitting diodes or indicators . In the simplest _ ' i L, there is employed a single "L.E.D. " which confirms that current is flowing between the anode and cathode, but in the preferred: ~'; Ls, we would provide two light-emitting diodes arranged in series in 30 two dif ~erent colours such as yellow and green and adapted to indicate the need f or various actions as later set out in detail, such as the need to clean the silver anode.
In the design of the apparatus, the body may be of any suitable material and of various suitable shapes, but it is 35 pref erred that the body be made mainly of PVC and of T-shaped form, having aligned or coaxial inlet and outlet housings for the inlet opening and outlet opening respectively, while a w~> 95131404 PcrlAU95100280 ~ `;` 2~292 third housing at right angles to the inlet and outlet housings has removably fitted therein a coupler assembly, suitably with a PVC casing, fitted with said power cell means, said t electrodes and said electric circuit means. In normal usage disposition of the apparatus, the aligned inlet and outlet housings will have their axes contiguous and horizontal.
While the third housing may extend vertically up f rom and above the inlet and outlet housings, it could operate also when extending vertically down or at any prP~l~t~rminr~d angle.
Other features of the invention, including use in conjunction with carbon filter assemblies and other related apparatus, will be hereinafter apparent.
~ TFF DR~rRTPTION OF TT~F ~RAWINGS
In order that the present invention may be more readily understood and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the a ~- ying drawings which illu6trate preferred '; Ls of the invention and wherein:-Fig. 1 is a part-diagrammatic, sec~ nAl side elevation of a first form of water sterilisation apparatus according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the water sterilising apparatus shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 illustrates diagrammatically the use of the water sterilising apparatus of Figs. l and 2 attached to a carbon-type filtering device as commonly used;
Fig. 4 is a view corrr~spnnrlinrJ to Fig. l but of a ';f;~r~1 . ';r L of the invention;
Fig . 5 shows a modif ied f orm of switch-actuating valve assembly to be substituted for that shown in Fig. 4, 3 0 and Fig. 6 shows a simple wiring diagram applicable to the ~ L shown in Fig. 4.
M~TTnn nF pERFllRMANrF
Referring to the drawings and initially to Figs. l and 2, the water sterilising apparatus indicated generally by the numeral 10 has a body 11 rlr~f;n;nrJ a chamber 12 formed with spaced inlet and outlet openings 13 and 14, respectively, at WO 95~31404 ~ 2 PCr~ g~ ~ -opposite sides whereby water may be caused to ~low through the chamber 12 from the inlet opening 13 to the outlet opening 14.
In this ~ ; L there are two electrodes comprising a silver anode 15 and a single stainless steel cathode 16 spacedly 5 mounted in the chamber 12 for flow of water therebetween.
Electric circuit means ; n~ ted generally by the numeral 17 includes power cell means 18 comprising in this case a power pack of four 1.5 volt batteries l9 connected to the anode 15 and cathode 16 for passing current between same.
An on/off switch indicated generally at 20 is provided in the circuit means 17 and normally disposed inoperatively as illustrated so that the circuit is open when water is not entering the chamber 12 at the inlet opening 13. For control of the on/off switch 20, there is provided a switch-actuating valve assembly indicated generally at 21 and mounted movably adjacent the inlet opening 13, the assembly 21 being biased normally by a light stainless steel tension spring 22 to occupy a position in which it closes the inlet opening 13, but it is adapted to be moved against the action of the spring 22 by incoming water so that the water will enter and pass through the chamber 12. As illustrated, the parts are so made and arranged that v~ L of the switch-actuating valve assembly 21 against the action of the spring 22 will cause the normally-open switch 20 to be closed to complete the circuit whereby current passes between the anode 15 and cathode 16 as water f lows through the chamber 12 .
The on/off switch 20 has a pair of normally spaced first and second contact members 23 and 24 connected in the electrical circuit 17, there being separate leads as illustrated for the reed switch 20, anode 15 and cathode 16 respectively. The contact members 23 and 24 are of movable leaf form constituting a reed-type switch and adapted to be brought together by the inf luence of a magnetic field when a pPrr nPnt magnet is moved towards the switch members. In this instance, there is a permanent magnet in the form of a f~LL, ~net 25 forming part of the switch-actuating valve assembly 21, the magnet 25 being mounted on a piston 26 which WO 95131404 = ~ ~19 ~ ~ g 2 PCTIA
is substantially cylindrical and movable guidedly with clearance in a guide tube 27 ( in this case the inner wall BUrfaCe 28 forming part of the chamber 12) ao that the inner end of the tube 27 communicates with (or i8 part of ) the chamber 12, while the outer end of the guide tube 27 is formed i~to a wall having a valve seat 29 at the inlet opening 13.
The afoL~ Lioned light tension spring 22 is thus crmnPcted between the outer face 30 of the valve piston 26 and an a~choring member 31 upstream of the valve Beat 29 and the inlet opening 13.
The electric circuit means 27 will be seen to include an L.E.D. (light-emitting diode) shown at 32 to co~firm that current i5 f lowing between the anode 15 and cathode 16 . The circuit also includes resisters shown at 33 and 3g. As apparent from Figs. 1 and 2, the body 11 can suitably be made of moulded polyvinylchloride (PVC) or equivalent plastics material so that in use it will have a horizontally disposed cylindrical section with an inlet housing 35 at one end and an outlet housing 36 at the other end, having aligned or coaxial opPningc as shown. The housings 35 and 36 in this instance have externally threaded ends 37 and 38 adjacent hf.Y~gonA1-headed sections 39 and 40, while their tubular inner ends are ~usion sealed to and within the cylindrical section of the body 10 which is integral with a tapped upper or third housing 41 which receives the lower Pytern~ 1 1 y threaded end 42 of a PVC
coupler assembly 43 carrying the power cell means, the electrodes and the electric circuit means generally.
As shown in Fig. 3, the apparatus 10 requires that an inlet hose 44 be attached to the threaded end 37 at the inlet housing 35, while the threaded end 38 at the outlet housing 36 is connected to a delivery spout member 45 via a housing 46 containing in this instance granular activated carbon for f iltering purposes .
Referring now to Fig. 4, this uL~ uu~lds to Fig. 1 but shows a modified form of water sterilisation apparatus, the 6ame numerals being used for corrP~pon~l;ng ^ntS but suffixed by the letter "a'. Thus, the apparatus 10~ has a .
Wo95131404 ~ 32~2 PCr/Aussloo28o chamber 12~L in its body lla which is provided with an inlet opening 13~ and outlet opening 14~. However, in this case the silver anode 15~ co-acts with a pair of stainless steel cathodes 16~L and 16_ in the electric circuit means 17a 80 that 5 again the power cell means 18~a has four batteries 19B and an on/off switch 20~ having the same action and basic parts as the switch 20 in Fig. 1. The two cathodes are interconnected at their fixing ends, while the circuit means 17~ in this case has two L.E.D. '8 namely a yellow L.E.D. 32~ and a green L.E.D. 32_ 10 as shown also in the wiring diagram of Fig. 6 which shows the lead 47 for the anode 15~, the lead 48 for the cathodes and the lead 49 for the reed switch 20~a, resisters 33a and 34~ also being shown and being for example ~ watt 320 ohms and ~ watt 65 ohms respectively in one instance. The light-emitting diodes 15 are viewable in this case through a clear acrylic mirror/prism assembly 50.
Also shown in Fig. 4 is a switch-actuating valve assembly 21~ in which the feLL~ _ ^t 25~ is mounted in a recess in the piston 26~ and the latte~ is closely slidable with leak-past 20 tolerance in a cylindrical part of the chamber 12~, a tension spring 22~1 being connected as in the first ' :'; L and restrained in its inward ,v~ L by a fence structure 51.
A variation in the mounting arrangements for the piston and magnet can be seen in Fig. 5 in which the magnet 25_ and piston 25 26_ are of lesser diameter than in the other -~i- Lg but of greater axial length, the piston being slidable in a separate tube 52 between a valve seat 29_ at the outer end and the inner end portion which has regularly spaced apertures 53 therearound to f acilitate f low of water to the chamber once the valve 30 assembly has substantially opened.
The manner in which apparatus according to these ~ i Ls is used will be clear from the drawings and the foregoing descriptions. The apparatus has the advantage that it can be used upside down or at any angle, but preferably the 35 water inlet and outlet openings are in a horizontal line and the chamber is such that water flow will ensure there is a contained body of water to permit electrode actions - but of W095/31404 ~ 2 ~ ~ O ~ g~ PCT~A
course the circuit will be broken when the water f low ceases 80 that the magnet then exerts no inf luence on the on/of f reed-type switch which acts to cut of f f low of current between the diode and the cathodes.
When the water to be treated i8 allowed to flow, the piston is pushed by the water towards the anode to open the valve seat, whereupon a small percentage of the water to be treated f lows past the piston towards the cathode and the anode, while the larger percentage of water holds the piston in an open position. With this mode of operation, the piston acts as a check-valve or non-return valve as well as a feLL~ ~r~t carriage. The v~ L of the piston brings the magnetic field created by the feL., gn~t closer to the reed switch, and at a particular position the saturation flux density of the magnetic f ield causes the reed switch to close, completing the circuit re~uired for the positive operation of the cathode-anode sterilising syatem and the operation of a light emitting diode which shows that f low is occurring.
As all f~LL~ gn~tic materials are p~ Lly ~-r~-t; ~ed and all exhibit a rh~n~ of hysteresis ( a lag in response to rh~n~; ng forces based on energy losses resulting from internal friction), the saturation flux density and its forces upon the reed switch will remain constant and p~ n~nt allowing for very effective on/off operation of the unit.
When the flow of water to be treated is discontinued, the return spring pulls the piston back to its original position closing the valve seat and preventing treated water from escaping upstream. The magnetised body may be any of those metals which exhibit the ability to be porr~n~ntly magnetised such as iron, nickel and cobalt.
When using two light emitting diodes, the parts can be arranged 80 that the yellow ~.E.D. informs the user when a dull - glow is seen ( less bright than that of the green) that there is conductivity between the anode and cathode and the anode is not 35 fouled by a build-up of any contaminants that may insulate it and prevent it f rom releasing silver ions into the water .
When the yellow L.E.D. is completely out and the green ~.E.D.
WO 95131404 219 0 2 9 2 PCT/A1~9~/00280 is aglow, this confirms the need to clean the silver anode from contaminants which may have caused it to become insulated.
When the yellow L.E.D. is glowing as bright or brighter than the green L.E.D., this informs the user that the water being 5 treated has a very high conductivity level and should be tested for potability before consumption.
While apparatus as described and illustrated will be found very effective in achieving the objects for which the invention has been devised, many further modifications are possible such 10 as, for example, the use of a water inlet valve arrangement whereby the light tension spring is replaced by gravitational - closing effects acting as the bias means.
Also, the apparatus may be incorporated into asi~: lie~
for cleaning swimming pools or other industrial applications 15 such as the sterilisation of sewage. Any number and types of filters can be incorporated in the flow line, and the apparatus may be y~ ded by a pressure-limiting valve 80 that water will not be allowed to reach more than a pre-~let~-rmin~d maximum pressure at which the water sterilisation process will 20 adequately handle the water flowing through the apparatus.
The invention will be understood to embrace all variations, modifications and additional applications as will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art without departing from the broad scope and ambit of the invention as 25 def ined by the appended claims .
Claims (10)
1. Water sterilising apparatus adapted to employ the process of heavy metal sterilisation and including:
a body defining a chamber formed with spaced inlet and outlet openings whereby water may be caused to flow through the chamber from said inlet opening to said outlet opening;
at least two electrodes spacedly mounted in said chamber for flow of water therebetween in its passage from said inlet opening to said outlet opening;
electric circuit means including power cell means associated with said body and connected to said electrodes for passing electric current between said electrodes through said water;
an on/off switch in said circuit means normally disposed inoperatively so that the circuit is open when water is not entering said chamber at said inlet opening, and a switch-actuating valve assembly mounted movably adjacent said inlet opening, said valve assembly being normally urged in biased manner to a position in which it closes the inlet opening but adapted to be moved against said bias by water caused to flow through said inlet opening whereby said water enters and passes through said chamber and out said outlet opening, said electrodes including a silver anode to coact with at least one cathode for the release of Ag+ ions, and the parts being so made and arranged that movement of said switch-actuating valve assembly to open the inlet opening causes said normally-open switch to be closed to complete the circuit whereby electric current passes between said electrodes as water flows through said chamber.
a body defining a chamber formed with spaced inlet and outlet openings whereby water may be caused to flow through the chamber from said inlet opening to said outlet opening;
at least two electrodes spacedly mounted in said chamber for flow of water therebetween in its passage from said inlet opening to said outlet opening;
electric circuit means including power cell means associated with said body and connected to said electrodes for passing electric current between said electrodes through said water;
an on/off switch in said circuit means normally disposed inoperatively so that the circuit is open when water is not entering said chamber at said inlet opening, and a switch-actuating valve assembly mounted movably adjacent said inlet opening, said valve assembly being normally urged in biased manner to a position in which it closes the inlet opening but adapted to be moved against said bias by water caused to flow through said inlet opening whereby said water enters and passes through said chamber and out said outlet opening, said electrodes including a silver anode to coact with at least one cathode for the release of Ag+ ions, and the parts being so made and arranged that movement of said switch-actuating valve assembly to open the inlet opening causes said normally-open switch to be closed to complete the circuit whereby electric current passes between said electrodes as water flows through said chamber.
2. Water sterilising apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said on/off switch includes normally spaced first and second contact members in the electric circuit means and adapted to be brought together by the influence of a magnetic field when a permanent magnet, such as a ferromagnet, is moved in a direction theretowards, said magnet comprising part of said switch-actuating valve assembly movable to open the inlet opening by transforming the potential energy from the body of water which, when caused to flow, carries the valve assembly and magnet towards said contact members to close the switch to complete the electric circuit.
3. Water sterilising apparatus according to Claim 2, wherein the on/off switch is a reed switch having at least one contact member of movable leaf form.
4. Water sterilising apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the switch-actuating valve assembly includes a cylindrical valve piston slidable with clearance in a guide tube arranged so that its inner end communicates with the chamber while its outer end is provided with a valve seat at the inlet opening, the valve assembly being biased by means of a light tension spring connected between the outer face of the valve piston and part of the body upstream of the valve seat.
5. Water sterilising apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the switch-actuating valve assembly includes a cylindrical valve piston slidable with clearance in a guide tube mounted within and spaced from the adjacent walls of the chamber, the inner end of the guide tube removably communicating with the chamber while its outer end is provided with a valve seat at the inlet opening, the valve assembly being biased by means of a light tension spring connected between the outer face of the valve piston and part of the body upstream of the valve seat, and the guide tube being provided with apertures through its wall intermediate its ends to facilitate water flow therethrough to the chamber prior to the welter flowing to the inner end of the guide tube.
6. Water sterilising apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein there are three electrodes comprising said silver anode as well as two stainless steel cathodes at equal distances on opposite sides thereof, all being co-planar and having freely projecting active ends within the chamber, the opposite or fixing ends being connected in the circuit means while said opposite or fixing ends of the cathodes are also connected to each other.
7. Water sterilising apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electric circuit includes one or more light-emitting diodes or indicators to confirm conductivity between the anode and cathode and/or to indicate a requirement for cleaning the silver anode or for taking other actions.
8. Water sterilising apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the body is of T-shaped form having aligned or coaxial inlet and outlet housings for the inlet opening and outlet opening respectively, while a third housing at right angles to the inlet and outlet housings has removably fitted therein a coupler assembly fitted with said power cell means, said electrodes and said electric circuit means.
9. Water sterilising apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outlet opening from the chamber is connected to a delivery spout member via a housing containing granular activated carbon so that water treated by the sterilising apparatus will be filtered further prior to delivery.
10. Water sterilising apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPM5627 | 1994-05-13 | ||
| AUPM5627A AUPM562794A0 (en) | 1994-05-13 | 1994-05-13 | New and improved liquid treating apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2190292A1 true CA2190292A1 (en) | 1995-11-23 |
Family
ID=3780202
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002190292A Abandoned CA2190292A1 (en) | 1994-05-13 | 1995-05-15 | Water sterilisation apparatus |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5928481A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0759013B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10500062A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1094468C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE203493T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AUPM562794A0 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2190292A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69521891T2 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ285330A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995031404A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA953911B (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUPM562794A0 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1994-06-09 | Genesis Nominees Pty. Ltd. | New and improved liquid treating apparatus |
| ZA9610018B (en) | 1995-11-28 | 1997-05-28 | Austech Pty Ltd | Liquid sterilisation apparatus |
| AUPO502297A0 (en) * | 1997-02-10 | 1997-03-06 | Austech Pty Ltd | Liquid purification apparatus |
| RU2125539C1 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-01-27 | Оганесов Владимир Емельянович | Plant for treatment of water with silver ions |
| AUPP474198A0 (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 1998-08-13 | Worldwide Water Technologies Pty Ltd | Portable water treatment apparatus |
| US6585890B2 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2003-07-01 | Applied Research Associates, Inc. | Process for producing sterile water for injection from potable water |
| US20070141434A1 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2007-06-21 | Joshi Ashok V | Sanitizing Device and Associated Method Using Electrochemically Produced Sanitizing Agents |
| US6656334B2 (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-12-02 | Skydon Corp. | Modified electrolysis cell and a housing for the same |
| US20030066801A1 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2003-04-10 | Garrison Dental Solutions | Dental unit water system treatment |
| KR100731686B1 (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2007-06-22 | 박시영 | device of shower apparatus for instantaneously producing silver ionAg+ water |
| KR100746826B1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2007-08-06 | 박시영 | device for instantaneously producing silver ion(Ag+) water |
| US7122149B2 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2006-10-17 | Applied Research Associates, Inc. | Apparatus and method for continuous depyrogenation and production of sterile water for injection |
| AU2004213063A1 (en) | 2003-02-24 | 2004-09-02 | Wonder Water Pty Ltd | Method and apparatus for processing fluids |
| JP3764955B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-04-12 | 日本イオン株式会社 | Small water sterilizer using metal ions |
| JP3916630B2 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2007-05-16 | シャープ株式会社 | Metal ion water generating shower |
| JP4176065B2 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2008-11-05 | シャープ株式会社 | Metal ion water generating shower |
| CN102179320A (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2011-09-14 | 张圣坤 | Silver ion shower head |
| JP5364126B2 (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2013-12-11 | 上村工業株式会社 | Electrolytic regeneration processing unit and electrolytic regeneration processing apparatus including the same |
| CN103523970B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-01 | 华绣科技有限公司 | Antibacterial water purification machine |
| CN104310537B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-01-13 | 北京卫星制造厂 | A kind of Absorbable organic halogens exports the device of silver ions |
| RU174537U1 (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-10-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Поволжский государственный технологический университет" | Installation for the continuous production of silver water with a high specified accuracy of the concentration of silver ions |
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| DE1648014B2 (en) * | 1967-05-20 | 1972-11-30 | DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE FLOW VOLUME OF LIQUID OR GAS MEDIA IN A PIPE SYSTEM | |
| US3654119A (en) * | 1970-10-12 | 1972-04-04 | White Water Int Ltd | Oligodynamic treatment of liquids |
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| DE2626572C2 (en) * | 1976-06-14 | 1986-03-27 | Sachs Systemtechnik Gmbh, 8720 Schweinfurt | Device for drinking water purification |
| US4181835A (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1980-01-01 | Bowden John W | Gas flow indicator having a magnetic field sensitive switch that _is responsive to the position of a magnet secured to a piston |
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| SE8404178L (en) * | 1984-08-22 | 1986-02-23 | Harry Claesson | ELECTRIC DEVICE FOR WATER CLEANER CHALLENGES ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF THE IONIZATION, PREFERRED TO POOLS (SIM POOLS) |
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| GB2270395B (en) * | 1992-09-02 | 1996-11-06 | Honeywell Control Syst | Water purification system |
| AUPM562794A0 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1994-06-09 | Genesis Nominees Pty. Ltd. | New and improved liquid treating apparatus |
-
1994
- 1994-05-13 AU AUPM5627A patent/AUPM562794A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
1995
- 1995-05-15 CN CN95193947A patent/CN1094468C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-15 ZA ZA9503911A patent/ZA953911B/en unknown
- 1995-05-15 US US08/737,550 patent/US5928481A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-15 WO PCT/AU1995/000280 patent/WO1995031404A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-05-15 CA CA002190292A patent/CA2190292A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-15 DE DE69521891T patent/DE69521891T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-15 NZ NZ285330A patent/NZ285330A/en unknown
- 1995-05-15 AT AT95918456T patent/ATE203493T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-15 JP JP7529239A patent/JPH10500062A/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-05-15 EP EP95918456A patent/EP0759013B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0759013A4 (en) | 1997-07-30 |
| US5928481A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
| CN1094468C (en) | 2002-11-20 |
| NZ285330A (en) | 1997-12-19 |
| AUPM562794A0 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| DE69521891T2 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
| JPH10500062A (en) | 1998-01-06 |
| ATE203493T1 (en) | 2001-08-15 |
| DE69521891D1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
| EP0759013A1 (en) | 1997-02-26 |
| CN1151721A (en) | 1997-06-11 |
| EP0759013B1 (en) | 2001-07-25 |
| WO1995031404A1 (en) | 1995-11-23 |
| ZA953911B (en) | 1997-02-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |