CA2193785A1 - Molded electrode and method of manufacture - Google Patents
Molded electrode and method of manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- CA2193785A1 CA2193785A1 CA002193785A CA2193785A CA2193785A1 CA 2193785 A1 CA2193785 A1 CA 2193785A1 CA 002193785 A CA002193785 A CA 002193785A CA 2193785 A CA2193785 A CA 2193785A CA 2193785 A1 CA2193785 A1 CA 2193785A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- conductive
- electrode
- conductive electrode
- stud
- integral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/251—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
- A61B5/257—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes
- A61B5/259—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes using conductive adhesive means, e.g. gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0209—Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
- A61B2562/0215—Silver or silver chloride containing
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A conductive medical electrode formed from a moldable, conductive material such as carbon-filled plastic. In one embodiment, the electrode is an integral, conductive electrode including a stud adapted to detachably couple the electrode to a lead wire and a body integral with the stud. The body has a face disposed opposite the stud, for contacting a patient, which has a grooved pattern formed therein. The grooved pattern increases the surface area of the electrode in contact with a conductive adhesive and increases the conductivity between the patient and the electrode. A second embodiment features a two-piece, conductive electrode including an electrically conductive stud and an electrically conductive substrate having an opening formed therein and attached to the stud. The opening formed in the body creates a cavity which aids in retaining the conductive adhesive. The substrate has a face disposed opposite the stud, adapted to contact a patient, which has a grooved pattern formed therein. In a third embodiment, the conductive electrode includes a lead wire which is ultrasonically welded to the electrode body. Also provided is a method of manufacturing the integral, conductive electrode.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE ~VENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to medical electrodes that are used with a conductive adhesive and, in particular, to medical electrodes having a grooved pattern on a patient-contacting face that increases the surface area of the electrode in contact with the conductive adhesive.
Description of the Related Art Medical electrcdes are oftP~ used ~o monitor hear~ aceiviey of a patiene such as in electrocardiograph (ECG) applications. ECG electrode applications often require use of electrodes that are radiolucent to allow for continuous monitoring of 15 the patient while x-ray or nuclear m~gn~tic resonance (NMR) im~ging is performed. Current radiolucent electrodes, like the Graphic Controls 2525 electrode and the ConMed ClearTrace electrode, have components that are made from carbon-filled plastics such as polyurethane, polyethylene, or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolyrner. Metals are ~limin~te~ because they will show-up on x-rays, 2 0 whereas carbon does not show up at norrnal x-ray dose levels.
Generally, an ECG electrode is made with a substrate material upon which other components are mounted. These other components include a stud and an eyelet that attaches the electrode to a wire coupled to an external monitor. Carbon-filled 2 5 studs and eyelets cost more than the non-radiolucent metal varieties, are more difficult to assembly, often crack after joining by compression, experience a higher scrap rate due to production rejects, and are not as conductive as metal versions. To enhance conductivity, a silver/silver chloride coating is applied to the eyelet that is in contact -GCC-2330 3 2 ~ 9 3 7 8 5 with a conductive, adhesive gel that attaches the electrode to the patient. The silver/silver chloride coating enhances conductivity as well as other properties such as defibrillation recovery and DC offset, but increases costs due to the cost of the raw material and the cost of applying the silver/silver chloride coating to the electrode.
SIJMM~Y OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a conductive medical electrode that can replace both 10 conventional radiolucent electrodes and non-radiolucent electrodes. Unlike conventional electrodes that are assembled with various parts using automated m~ehinery extensively, assembly of the electrode involves a small number of steps.
The major part of the electrode that replaces the substrate, stud, and eyelet inconventional electrodes is made in one piece by a molding process. The electrode may 15 be formed from a moldable, conductive material such as carbon-filled plastic.
A first embodiment of the invention is an integral, conductive electrode in~ lin~ a stud adapted to deta~h~bly couple the electrode to a lead wire and a body integral with the stud. The body has a face disposed opposite the stud, for contacting 2 0 a patient, which has a grooved pattern formed therein. The grooved pattern increases the surface area of the electrode in contact with the conductive adhesive and increases the conductivity between the patient and the electrode.
A second embodiment of the invention is a two-piece, conductive electrode 2 5 including an electrically conductive stud adapted to det~.h~hly couple the electrode to a lead wire and an electrically conductive substrate having an opening formed therein and attached to the stud. The opening formed in the substrate creates a cavity which aids in r~ g a conductive adhesive. The substrate has a face disposed opposite the stud, for cont~cting a patient, which has a grooved pattern formed therein.
In a third embodiment of the invention, the conductive electrode comprises an electrically conductive body having a face, for contacting a patient, which has a grooved pattern formed therein. A lead wire is ultrasonically welded to the electrode body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a side view of an exemplary electrode in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is top view of the electrode shown in Fig. l;
Figs. 3A through 3F illustrate grooved patterns that may be formed on the bottom of the electrode shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a side view of an exemplary electrode in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is a top view of the electrode shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a side view of a variation of the electrode stud shown in Figs 1 and 4;
and Fig. 7 is a side view of an exemplary electrode in accordance with a third 2 5 embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to medical electrodes that are used with a conductive adhesive and, in particular, to medical electrodes having a grooved pattern on a patient-contacting face that increases the surface area of the electrode in contact with the conductive adhesive.
Description of the Related Art Medical electrcdes are oftP~ used ~o monitor hear~ aceiviey of a patiene such as in electrocardiograph (ECG) applications. ECG electrode applications often require use of electrodes that are radiolucent to allow for continuous monitoring of 15 the patient while x-ray or nuclear m~gn~tic resonance (NMR) im~ging is performed. Current radiolucent electrodes, like the Graphic Controls 2525 electrode and the ConMed ClearTrace electrode, have components that are made from carbon-filled plastics such as polyurethane, polyethylene, or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolyrner. Metals are ~limin~te~ because they will show-up on x-rays, 2 0 whereas carbon does not show up at norrnal x-ray dose levels.
Generally, an ECG electrode is made with a substrate material upon which other components are mounted. These other components include a stud and an eyelet that attaches the electrode to a wire coupled to an external monitor. Carbon-filled 2 5 studs and eyelets cost more than the non-radiolucent metal varieties, are more difficult to assembly, often crack after joining by compression, experience a higher scrap rate due to production rejects, and are not as conductive as metal versions. To enhance conductivity, a silver/silver chloride coating is applied to the eyelet that is in contact -GCC-2330 3 2 ~ 9 3 7 8 5 with a conductive, adhesive gel that attaches the electrode to the patient. The silver/silver chloride coating enhances conductivity as well as other properties such as defibrillation recovery and DC offset, but increases costs due to the cost of the raw material and the cost of applying the silver/silver chloride coating to the electrode.
SIJMM~Y OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a conductive medical electrode that can replace both 10 conventional radiolucent electrodes and non-radiolucent electrodes. Unlike conventional electrodes that are assembled with various parts using automated m~ehinery extensively, assembly of the electrode involves a small number of steps.
The major part of the electrode that replaces the substrate, stud, and eyelet inconventional electrodes is made in one piece by a molding process. The electrode may 15 be formed from a moldable, conductive material such as carbon-filled plastic.
A first embodiment of the invention is an integral, conductive electrode in~ lin~ a stud adapted to deta~h~bly couple the electrode to a lead wire and a body integral with the stud. The body has a face disposed opposite the stud, for contacting 2 0 a patient, which has a grooved pattern formed therein. The grooved pattern increases the surface area of the electrode in contact with the conductive adhesive and increases the conductivity between the patient and the electrode.
A second embodiment of the invention is a two-piece, conductive electrode 2 5 including an electrically conductive stud adapted to det~.h~hly couple the electrode to a lead wire and an electrically conductive substrate having an opening formed therein and attached to the stud. The opening formed in the substrate creates a cavity which aids in r~ g a conductive adhesive. The substrate has a face disposed opposite the stud, for cont~cting a patient, which has a grooved pattern formed therein.
In a third embodiment of the invention, the conductive electrode comprises an electrically conductive body having a face, for contacting a patient, which has a grooved pattern formed therein. A lead wire is ultrasonically welded to the electrode body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a side view of an exemplary electrode in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is top view of the electrode shown in Fig. l;
Figs. 3A through 3F illustrate grooved patterns that may be formed on the bottom of the electrode shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a side view of an exemplary electrode in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is a top view of the electrode shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a side view of a variation of the electrode stud shown in Figs 1 and 4;
and Fig. 7 is a side view of an exemplary electrode in accordance with a third 2 5 embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
3 0 Fig. 1 shows the conductive electrode 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The electrode 10 includes a stud 12 integral with a body 14. The stud 12 and the body 14 are integrally formed in a molding process using conductive plastic. A lead wire with a conventional snap ~tt~chment (not shown) may be connected to the stud 12. The portion ofthe body 14 away from the stud 12 is thin and pliable, allowing the electrode 10 to conform to the contours of a patient. The flat face 18 ofthe electrode 10 is coated with a conductive adhesive 16. The conductive adhesive 16 may be a pressure-sensitive adhesive or a conductive, adhesive gel. The conductive adhesive 16 ~tt~ches the electrode 10 to the patient and conducts electrical signals to and from the patient.
Fig. 2 is a top view ofthe electrode shown in Fig. 1. The electrode body 14 has a large area so that the conductivity of the electrode 10 is significantly greater than that available with eyelets alone. The dimension of the electrode body 14 is significantly greater than the dimension of stud 12. In an exemplary~e6mbodimen~t, st~} l /5/
12 has a diameter of 3.92 millimeters and body 14 has a diameter of ~ millimeters.
This feature ~limin~t~s, in part, the need for a silver/silver chloride coating on the electrode 10. The electrode body 14 may be a variety of shapes such as oval, . - rect~n~ r~ square, or triangular as well as circular.
As shown in Figs. 3A and 3B, to further enhance conductivity, the flat face 18 of the body 14 contains a grooved pattern 30 to increase the surface area of the flat 2 0 face 18 in contact with the conductive adhesive 16 (shown in Fig. 1). Fig. 3A
illustrates a concentric pattern of grooves 30 which may be V-shaped as shown in Fig.
3B or curved as shown in Fig. 3C. Fig. 3D illustrates a checkerboard pattern of grooves 30 which also may be V-shaped or curved as shown in Figs. 3E and 3F, respectively. For ease of illustration, Figs 3A-3F show a limited number of spaced grooves 30 formed on the flat face 18. It is understood that a large number of grooves 30 may be formed in the flat face 18 and that ~(ljaC~nt grooves 30 may be in close proxi~ y to each other. It is also understood that a variety of groove patterns and groove profiles may be used to increase the surface area of the flat face 18 in contact with the conductive adhesive 16.
The electrode 10 shown in Fig. 1 may be made from carbon-filled plastics such as polyurethane, polyethylene, or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer.
GCC-2330 -6- ~1 q3785 The carbon-filled plastic may be radiolucent or non-radiolucent. A variety of molding processes may be used to m~nllf~rtllre the electrode 10, inclll~ling injection molding, casting-type molding, thermal forming, and compression molding. For example, in injection molding the carbon-filled plastic is heated to a fluid state and forced under pressure through a runner system into a closed mold. The electrode 10 is removedonce the carbon-filled plastic has cooled and solidified. The mold includes ridges that form a grooved pattern, such as those shown in Figs. 3A through 3F. In this way, the entire electrode 10 is formed in a single molding step which reduces costs. In addition, the reduction in the number of parts forming the electrode 10 reduces the 1 0 scrap rate during m~nllfacture.
Fig. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention. Electrode 20 includes a stud 22 integral with a base 26. The stud 22 and the base 26 are made from a conductive plastic and formed through a molding process such as injection molding.
1 5 Of course, other molding techniques may be used as discussed above. The base 26 is - - he~t seaied to a suosira~e 24 which is also made from a conductive piastic. Substrate 24 is similar to the body 14 (shown in Fig. 1) and includes a thin, pliable region away from the base 26 which allows the electrode 20 to conform to the contours of a patient. The outer dimension of the substrate 24 is larger than the outer dimension of 2 0 the stud 22 to provide a large surface area in contact with the patient. Substrate 24 has a hole 25 formed therein. The base 26 completely overlaps the hole 25 and forms a cavity which assists in ret~ining the conductive adhesive 16. The face 28 ofthe substrate 24 incl~des a grooved pattern, such as those shown in Figs. 3A through 3F.
2 5 Fig. 5 illustrates a top view of the electrode 20 shown in Fig. 4. The substrate 24 may be any shape and is shown in Fig. 5 as rect~n~ r. This allows the shape of the substrate 24 to be altered without rh~n~in~ the mold for the stud 22 and the base 26. To customize the electrode 20, only a new substrate 24 needs to be formed and heat sealed to base 26. Thus, the m~nllf~ctllrer can customize the electrode 20 to a user's needs without incurring large costs.
21 ~3785 Fig. 6 illustrates a variation of the stud 12 shown in Fig. 1 or the stud 22 shown in Fig. 4. The stud 12 or the stud 22 includes a hollow region 62 that provides for material relie Of course, this variation requires a more complex mold to m~nllf~cture.
Fig. 7 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention. The electrode 70includes a weld area 72 integral with a body 74. The weld area 72 and body 74 are made from conductive plastic and are formed through a molding process such as injection molding. Of course, other molding techniques may be used as discussed above. Body 74 is similar to body 14 (shown in Fig. 1) and in~ des a thin, pliable region away from weld area 72 which allows the electrode 70 to conform to the contours of a patient. The face 78 of the body 74 includes a grooved pattern, such as those shown in Figs. 3A through 3F. The weld area 72 receives a lead wire 76 which is made of copper or carbon strands. The lead wire 76 is ultrasonically welded to weld area 72. A conductive adhesive 16 is applied to the bottom of the face 78 to attach the electrode 70 to the patient's skin and condlict electri~al signals to and from the patient.
It will be understood by one skilled in the art that many variations of the 2 0 embodiments described herein are contemplated. Although the invention has been described in terms of exemplary embo~im~nts, it is contemplated that it may be practiced as outlined above with modifications within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Fig. 2 is a top view ofthe electrode shown in Fig. 1. The electrode body 14 has a large area so that the conductivity of the electrode 10 is significantly greater than that available with eyelets alone. The dimension of the electrode body 14 is significantly greater than the dimension of stud 12. In an exemplary~e6mbodimen~t, st~} l /5/
12 has a diameter of 3.92 millimeters and body 14 has a diameter of ~ millimeters.
This feature ~limin~t~s, in part, the need for a silver/silver chloride coating on the electrode 10. The electrode body 14 may be a variety of shapes such as oval, . - rect~n~ r~ square, or triangular as well as circular.
As shown in Figs. 3A and 3B, to further enhance conductivity, the flat face 18 of the body 14 contains a grooved pattern 30 to increase the surface area of the flat 2 0 face 18 in contact with the conductive adhesive 16 (shown in Fig. 1). Fig. 3A
illustrates a concentric pattern of grooves 30 which may be V-shaped as shown in Fig.
3B or curved as shown in Fig. 3C. Fig. 3D illustrates a checkerboard pattern of grooves 30 which also may be V-shaped or curved as shown in Figs. 3E and 3F, respectively. For ease of illustration, Figs 3A-3F show a limited number of spaced grooves 30 formed on the flat face 18. It is understood that a large number of grooves 30 may be formed in the flat face 18 and that ~(ljaC~nt grooves 30 may be in close proxi~ y to each other. It is also understood that a variety of groove patterns and groove profiles may be used to increase the surface area of the flat face 18 in contact with the conductive adhesive 16.
The electrode 10 shown in Fig. 1 may be made from carbon-filled plastics such as polyurethane, polyethylene, or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer.
GCC-2330 -6- ~1 q3785 The carbon-filled plastic may be radiolucent or non-radiolucent. A variety of molding processes may be used to m~nllf~rtllre the electrode 10, inclll~ling injection molding, casting-type molding, thermal forming, and compression molding. For example, in injection molding the carbon-filled plastic is heated to a fluid state and forced under pressure through a runner system into a closed mold. The electrode 10 is removedonce the carbon-filled plastic has cooled and solidified. The mold includes ridges that form a grooved pattern, such as those shown in Figs. 3A through 3F. In this way, the entire electrode 10 is formed in a single molding step which reduces costs. In addition, the reduction in the number of parts forming the electrode 10 reduces the 1 0 scrap rate during m~nllfacture.
Fig. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention. Electrode 20 includes a stud 22 integral with a base 26. The stud 22 and the base 26 are made from a conductive plastic and formed through a molding process such as injection molding.
1 5 Of course, other molding techniques may be used as discussed above. The base 26 is - - he~t seaied to a suosira~e 24 which is also made from a conductive piastic. Substrate 24 is similar to the body 14 (shown in Fig. 1) and includes a thin, pliable region away from the base 26 which allows the electrode 20 to conform to the contours of a patient. The outer dimension of the substrate 24 is larger than the outer dimension of 2 0 the stud 22 to provide a large surface area in contact with the patient. Substrate 24 has a hole 25 formed therein. The base 26 completely overlaps the hole 25 and forms a cavity which assists in ret~ining the conductive adhesive 16. The face 28 ofthe substrate 24 incl~des a grooved pattern, such as those shown in Figs. 3A through 3F.
2 5 Fig. 5 illustrates a top view of the electrode 20 shown in Fig. 4. The substrate 24 may be any shape and is shown in Fig. 5 as rect~n~ r. This allows the shape of the substrate 24 to be altered without rh~n~in~ the mold for the stud 22 and the base 26. To customize the electrode 20, only a new substrate 24 needs to be formed and heat sealed to base 26. Thus, the m~nllf~ctllrer can customize the electrode 20 to a user's needs without incurring large costs.
21 ~3785 Fig. 6 illustrates a variation of the stud 12 shown in Fig. 1 or the stud 22 shown in Fig. 4. The stud 12 or the stud 22 includes a hollow region 62 that provides for material relie Of course, this variation requires a more complex mold to m~nllf~cture.
Fig. 7 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention. The electrode 70includes a weld area 72 integral with a body 74. The weld area 72 and body 74 are made from conductive plastic and are formed through a molding process such as injection molding. Of course, other molding techniques may be used as discussed above. Body 74 is similar to body 14 (shown in Fig. 1) and in~ des a thin, pliable region away from weld area 72 which allows the electrode 70 to conform to the contours of a patient. The face 78 of the body 74 includes a grooved pattern, such as those shown in Figs. 3A through 3F. The weld area 72 receives a lead wire 76 which is made of copper or carbon strands. The lead wire 76 is ultrasonically welded to weld area 72. A conductive adhesive 16 is applied to the bottom of the face 78 to attach the electrode 70 to the patient's skin and condlict electri~al signals to and from the patient.
It will be understood by one skilled in the art that many variations of the 2 0 embodiments described herein are contemplated. Although the invention has been described in terms of exemplary embo~im~nts, it is contemplated that it may be practiced as outlined above with modifications within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (36)
1. An integral, conductive electrode comprising:
a stud adapted to detachably couple the electrode to a lead wire; and a body integral with said stud, said body having a face disposed opposite said stud adapted to contact a patient, said face having a grooved pattern formed therein.
a stud adapted to detachably couple the electrode to a lead wire; and a body integral with said stud, said body having a face disposed opposite said stud adapted to contact a patient, said face having a grooved pattern formed therein.
2. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 1, wherein said stud and said body are made from conductive plastic.
3. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 2, wherein said conductive plastic is carbon-filled plastic.
4. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 3, wherein said carbon-filled plastic is radiolucent.
5. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 3, wherein said plastic is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyethylene, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.
6. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 1, wherein said body includes a flat, thin, pliable region adapted to conform to the contours of the patient.
7. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 1, wherein said stud has a first radius and said body has a second radius significantly greater than the first radius.
8. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 1, wherein said electrode is devoid of any silver/silver chloride coating.
9. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 1, further comprising a conductive, pressure-sensitive adhesive coated on said face.
10. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 1, further comprising a conductive gel coated on said face.
11. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 10, wherein said gel is adhesive.
12. The integral, conductive electrode of claim 1, wherein said stud includes a hollow providing material relief.
13. A two-piece, conductive electrode comprising:
an electrically conductive stud adapted to detachably couple the electrode to a lead wire; and an electrically conductive body having an opening formed therein and attached to said stud, said stud overlapping said opening formed in said body, said body having a face disposed opposite said stud adapted to contact a patient, said face having a grooved pattern formed therein.
an electrically conductive stud adapted to detachably couple the electrode to a lead wire; and an electrically conductive body having an opening formed therein and attached to said stud, said stud overlapping said opening formed in said body, said body having a face disposed opposite said stud adapted to contact a patient, said face having a grooved pattern formed therein.
14. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 13, wherein said stud and said body are made from conductive plastic.
15. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 14, wherein said conductive plastic is carbon-filled plastic.
16. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 15, wherein said carbon-filled plastic is radiolucent.
17. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 15, wherein said plastic is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyethylene, andacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.
18. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 13, wherein said body includes a flat, thin, pliable region adapted to conform to the contours of the patient.
19. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 13, wherein said stud has a first dimension and said body has a second dimension significantly greater than the first dimension.
20. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 13, wherein said electrode is devoid of any silver/silver chloride coating.
21. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 13, further comprising a conductive, pressure-sensitive adhesive on said face.
22. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 13, further comprising a conductive gel on said face.
23. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 22, wherein said gel is adhesive.
24. The two-piece, conductive electrode of claim 13, wherein said stud includes a hollow providing material relief.
25. A conductive electrode comprising:
an electrically conductive body having a face adapted to contact a patient, said face having a grooved pattern formed therein; and a lead wire welded to said body.
an electrically conductive body having a face adapted to contact a patient, said face having a grooved pattern formed therein; and a lead wire welded to said body.
26. The conductive electrode of claim 25, wherein said body is made from conductive plastic.
27. The conductive electrode of claim 26, wherein said conductive plastic is carbon-filled plastic.
28. The conductive electrode of claim 27, wherein said carbon-filled plastic is radiolucent.
29. The conductive electrode of claim 27, wherein said plastic is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyethylene, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.
30. The conductive electrode of claim 25, wherein said body includes a thin, pliable region adapted to conform to the contours of a patient.
31. The conductive electrode of claim 25, wherein said electrode is devoid of any silver/silver chloride coating.
32. The conductive electrode of claim 25, further comprising a conductive, pressure-sensitive adhesive coated on said face.
33. The conductive electrode of claim 25, further comprising a conductive gel coated on said face.
34. The conductive electrode of claim 33, wherein said gel is adhesive.
35. A method of manufacturing an integral, conductive electrode, the method comprising:
providing a mold including a stud cavity and a body cavity, the body cavity having a face corresponding to a portion of the electrode adapted to contact a patient, said face having a grooved pattern formed therein;
injecting liquefied, conductive plastic into said mold; and allowing the liquefied, conductive plastic to solidify.
providing a mold including a stud cavity and a body cavity, the body cavity having a face corresponding to a portion of the electrode adapted to contact a patient, said face having a grooved pattern formed therein;
injecting liquefied, conductive plastic into said mold; and allowing the liquefied, conductive plastic to solidify.
36. An electrode comprising:
a contact portion adapted to couple the electrode to a lead wire; and a body adjacent to said contact portion, said body having a face disposed opposite said contact portion and adapted to contact a patient, said face having a grooved pattern formed therein.
a contact portion adapted to couple the electrode to a lead wire; and a body adjacent to said contact portion, said body having a face disposed opposite said contact portion and adapted to contact a patient, said face having a grooved pattern formed therein.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/590,093 | 1996-01-24 | ||
| US08/590,093 US5782761A (en) | 1996-01-24 | 1996-01-24 | Molded electrode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2193785A1 true CA2193785A1 (en) | 1997-07-25 |
Family
ID=24360846
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002193785A Abandoned CA2193785A1 (en) | 1996-01-24 | 1996-12-23 | Molded electrode and method of manufacture |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5782761A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0791326A3 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2193785A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69913743T2 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2004-10-07 | Medicotest As Olstykke | SKIN ELECTRODE |
| FI19992463A (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-18 | Mega Elektroniikka Oy | Giver |
| US6757558B2 (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2004-06-29 | Algodyne, Ltd. | Objective pain measurement system and method |
| WO2002039894A1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-23 | Axelgaard Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Dual element sensor medical electrode |
| DE102004030261A1 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2006-01-19 | Deutsche Institute für Textil- und Faserforschung (DITF) | Garment with integrated sensors |
| US7330756B2 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2008-02-12 | Advanced Bionics Corporation | Implantable microstimulator with conductive plastic electrode and methods of manufacture and use |
| CA2646037C (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2017-11-28 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Ecg electrode connector |
| EP2340246A2 (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2011-07-06 | Janssen Pharmaceutica, N.V. | Crystalline form of (2s)-(-)-n-(6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethyl)-sulfamide |
| US9737225B2 (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2017-08-22 | Biosense Webster, Inc. | Patch and sensor assembly for use in medical device localization and mapping systems |
| US9014778B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2015-04-21 | Biosense Webster, Inc. | Disposable patch and reusable sensor assembly for use in medical device localization and mapping systems |
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| US20100315755A1 (en) | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-16 | William David Gavin | Apparatus And Methods For Forming Electrodes For Electronic Weaponry And Deployment Units |
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1996
- 1996-01-24 US US08/590,093 patent/US5782761A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-12-23 CA CA002193785A patent/CA2193785A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1997
- 1997-01-07 EP EP97100136A patent/EP0791326A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0791326A2 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
| US5782761A (en) | 1998-07-21 |
| EP0791326A3 (en) | 1999-02-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |