CA2195942C - Method and apparatus for inserting source identification data into a video signal - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for inserting source identification data into a video signal Download PDFInfo
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- CA2195942C CA2195942C CA002195942A CA2195942A CA2195942C CA 2195942 C CA2195942 C CA 2195942C CA 002195942 A CA002195942 A CA 002195942A CA 2195942 A CA2195942 A CA 2195942A CA 2195942 C CA2195942 C CA 2195942C
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- video signal
- source identification
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- identification data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/835—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates
- H04N21/8358—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving watermark
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
- G11B20/00094—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving measures which result in a restriction to authorised record carriers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
- G11B20/0021—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving encryption or decryption of contents recorded on or reproduced from a record carrier
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
- G11B20/00884—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm
- G11B20/00913—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm based on a spread spectrum technique
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/76—Television signal recording
- H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
- H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/08—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
- H04N7/162—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing
- H04N7/165—Centralised control of user terminal ; Registering at central
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/60—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radix; Computing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations, e.g. using difunction pulse trains, STEELE computers, phase computers
- G06F7/72—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radix; Computing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations, e.g. using difunction pulse trains, STEELE computers, phase computers using residue arithmetic
- G06F7/724—Finite field arithmetic
- G06F7/725—Finite field arithmetic over elliptic curves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/76—Television signal recording
- H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
- H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
- H04N2005/91307—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal
- H04N2005/91335—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal the copy protection signal being a watermark
Abstract
The source identification data (Finger Print) is injected into the active picture area of a video signal without disturbing the viewing of the video signal and the data is retrieved by a data reader, called a Fingerprint Reader. The data injection or "fingerprinting" process consists of dynamically offsetting the video pedestal to carry information which can then be read back from any videotape made from the output of the data-injecting unit. In particular, the fingerprint carries the ID number of the unit used and the current date. The offset lasts for one entire field and has an amplitude of approxmately 0.5 IRE that is, a given field either has the nominal setup or a setup value differing from nominal by 0.5 IRE. The data is repeated every 128 fields in order to provide ample samples for the reader to detect and display the source identification data.
Description
WO 967f)6503 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.5 9 4 2 pCTIUS95110665 SIGNAL
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile production by any one of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
With video piracy becoming more rampant by the day, it is becoming more desirable to have a method for identifying whether a video recording or video transmission is originating from an authorized source. Source or tape identification processes using the data transmission capability of the vertical roterval nave been known to those skilled in the art.
However such system suffer from the ease of eliminating the source identification data by blanking and reinsertion techniques. The source identification or "fingerprint" systems known do not transmit the data during the active time of the video signal.
One form of video piracy has been to use a video camera to record the picture and sound off the screen and speakers in a theater displaying a movie. Admittedly this method produces a very inferior copy. However, in certain parts of the world, generally outside of the United States, such a cop~~ is acceptable. The use of video movie projection systems ir_ theaters is becoming more popular. Generally, these systems incorporate a form of video scrambling to protect the electronic video signals prior to projection. However, vertical interval source identification and video scrambling do not protect the projected image once the signal has been descrambled.
A method of source identification of movie and other material is needed to provide a source code to reduce the likelihood of illegal copying and if such copying is done, identify the theater or source of the duplication.
SUMMARY
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for incorporating source identification data into the active picture of a video signal formed of successive video fields while maintaining the source identification data imperceptible to a viewer, the method comprising the steps of: generating source identification data, separating vertical sync pulses at vertical rate from the video signal, synchronizing the source identification data to the video signal at a vertical rate in response to the vertical sync pulses, blanking the synchronized source identification data during horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of the video signal, and adding the synchronized source identification data to the video signal.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for incorporating source identification data into the active picture of a video signal formed of successive video fields while maintaining the source identification data imperceptible to a viewer, said apparatus comprising: means for generating source identification data, processing means for adding said synchronized source identification data to the video signal, means for providing sync signals synchronized to the video signal, said means for providing having a vertical sync separator for separating vertical sync pulses at vertical rate from the video signal, means for synchronizing the source identification data to the video signal by synchronizing the source identification data to the vertical rate and to the video signal in response to the vertical sync pulses, and means for blanking said synchronized source identification data during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of the video signal and before the synchronized source identification data is added to said video signal.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for incorporating source identification data not visible or disturbing to a viewer into an active picture area of a video signal formed of successive video fields, comprising: means for receiving and processing the video signal, means coupled to the processing means for generating a vertical sync pulse from the video signal, means responsive to the vertical sync pulse for providing a sync word and source identification information synchronized to vertical rate, means coupled to the providing means for blanking said synchronized sync word and source identification information during video blanking intervals, and wherein said receiving and processing means is coupled to said blanking means for dynamically offsetting the video pedestal of the video signal for at least an entire video field to therein supply said sync word and source identification information at a very low signal level to said active picture area of the video signal.
In accordance with still yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for incorporating source identification data into the active picture of a video signal, the method comprising the steps of: generating source data including a synchronizing word for incorporation into the active picture of a video signal, wherein said source data is source identification data, synchronizing said source data to the video signal, and adding said synchronized source data to said video signal, wherein, to render the source data imperceptible to a viewer, said synchronized source data is blanked during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of said video signal, a video pedestal of the video signal to carry the source identification data is dynamically offset for at least one entire field, and wherein said synchronized source identification data is blanked during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals before said synchronized source identification data is added to said video signal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the data insertion apparatus; and Fig. 2a - 2e is a series of wave forms representing sync word; and Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the Fingerprint Reader.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The data injection or "fingerprinting" process consists of dynamically offsetting the video pedestal to carry information which can then be read back from any videotape made from the output of the data-injecting unit or from a videotape of a screen display of a signal containing the data. In particular, the fingerprint carries the ID number of the unit used and the current date. The offset lasts for at least one entire field and has an amplitude of approximately 0.5 IRE unit. A given field either has the nominal setup or a setup value differing from nominal by 0.5 IRE.
Video Signal 12 to be fingerprinted is inputted to Video Processor 14. Video Processor 14 provides Video Signal 12 to Sync Separator 16 and H & V Blanker 18. Fingerprint Data 20 is inputted to Data Modulator 22. Fingerprint Data 20 may be in serial or parallel form.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile production by any one of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
With video piracy becoming more rampant by the day, it is becoming more desirable to have a method for identifying whether a video recording or video transmission is originating from an authorized source. Source or tape identification processes using the data transmission capability of the vertical roterval nave been known to those skilled in the art.
However such system suffer from the ease of eliminating the source identification data by blanking and reinsertion techniques. The source identification or "fingerprint" systems known do not transmit the data during the active time of the video signal.
One form of video piracy has been to use a video camera to record the picture and sound off the screen and speakers in a theater displaying a movie. Admittedly this method produces a very inferior copy. However, in certain parts of the world, generally outside of the United States, such a cop~~ is acceptable. The use of video movie projection systems ir_ theaters is becoming more popular. Generally, these systems incorporate a form of video scrambling to protect the electronic video signals prior to projection. However, vertical interval source identification and video scrambling do not protect the projected image once the signal has been descrambled.
A method of source identification of movie and other material is needed to provide a source code to reduce the likelihood of illegal copying and if such copying is done, identify the theater or source of the duplication.
SUMMARY
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for incorporating source identification data into the active picture of a video signal formed of successive video fields while maintaining the source identification data imperceptible to a viewer, the method comprising the steps of: generating source identification data, separating vertical sync pulses at vertical rate from the video signal, synchronizing the source identification data to the video signal at a vertical rate in response to the vertical sync pulses, blanking the synchronized source identification data during horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of the video signal, and adding the synchronized source identification data to the video signal.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for incorporating source identification data into the active picture of a video signal formed of successive video fields while maintaining the source identification data imperceptible to a viewer, said apparatus comprising: means for generating source identification data, processing means for adding said synchronized source identification data to the video signal, means for providing sync signals synchronized to the video signal, said means for providing having a vertical sync separator for separating vertical sync pulses at vertical rate from the video signal, means for synchronizing the source identification data to the video signal by synchronizing the source identification data to the vertical rate and to the video signal in response to the vertical sync pulses, and means for blanking said synchronized source identification data during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of the video signal and before the synchronized source identification data is added to said video signal.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for incorporating source identification data not visible or disturbing to a viewer into an active picture area of a video signal formed of successive video fields, comprising: means for receiving and processing the video signal, means coupled to the processing means for generating a vertical sync pulse from the video signal, means responsive to the vertical sync pulse for providing a sync word and source identification information synchronized to vertical rate, means coupled to the providing means for blanking said synchronized sync word and source identification information during video blanking intervals, and wherein said receiving and processing means is coupled to said blanking means for dynamically offsetting the video pedestal of the video signal for at least an entire video field to therein supply said sync word and source identification information at a very low signal level to said active picture area of the video signal.
In accordance with still yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for incorporating source identification data into the active picture of a video signal, the method comprising the steps of: generating source data including a synchronizing word for incorporation into the active picture of a video signal, wherein said source data is source identification data, synchronizing said source data to the video signal, and adding said synchronized source data to said video signal, wherein, to render the source data imperceptible to a viewer, said synchronized source data is blanked during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of said video signal, a video pedestal of the video signal to carry the source identification data is dynamically offset for at least one entire field, and wherein said synchronized source identification data is blanked during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals before said synchronized source identification data is added to said video signal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the data insertion apparatus; and Fig. 2a - 2e is a series of wave forms representing sync word; and Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the Fingerprint Reader.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The data injection or "fingerprinting" process consists of dynamically offsetting the video pedestal to carry information which can then be read back from any videotape made from the output of the data-injecting unit or from a videotape of a screen display of a signal containing the data. In particular, the fingerprint carries the ID number of the unit used and the current date. The offset lasts for at least one entire field and has an amplitude of approximately 0.5 IRE unit. A given field either has the nominal setup or a setup value differing from nominal by 0.5 IRE.
Video Signal 12 to be fingerprinted is inputted to Video Processor 14. Video Processor 14 provides Video Signal 12 to Sync Separator 16 and H & V Blanker 18. Fingerprint Data 20 is inputted to Data Modulator 22. Fingerprint Data 20 may be in serial or parallel form.
The fingerprint data format is a 64-bit block. The first 16 bits are a (data) frame synchronization word generated by Sync Word Generator 21; the next 16 bits are the source ID
number; and the final 32 bits are the date code. A typical sync word is shown in Fig. 2a. The block is repeated indefinitely. The signal format is binary Manchester: a "0" is represented by a 0-1 transition, a "1" by a 1-0 transition, with the phase reference supplied by the sync word as shown in Fig. 2b. Each data bit therefore occupies two fields. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that other data formats can be used, with the recovery process adjusted accordingly.
Data Modulator 22 receives the Fingerprint Data 20 in either serial or parallel form and Sync Word Data Generator 21 and generates Formatted Fingerprint Data as described above consisting of 16 bits as synchronization word followed by 16 bits for a source ID and 32 bits for a date code.
Since the data is to be inputted to a video signal, it is necessary to synchronize the data to the video signal. An output of Sync Separator 16 consists of Vertical (field) Synchronizing Pulse 24. Sync Separator 16 uses techniques known to one skilled in the art of television engineering to separate Vertical Synchronizing Pulse 24 from the video signal. In addition to putting the data in a format usable by the system, Data Modulator 22 synchronizes the beginning of any Formatted Fingerprint Data to the field rate using Vertical Synchronizing Pulse 24.
Since the individual bits of data 30 output from Data Modulator 22 one or more field, it is necessary to blank out the data during the horizontal and vertical blanking periods of the inputted video signal. H & V Blanking Generator 18 receives the video signal from Video Processor 14 and generates a combined H & V Blanking Signal 26 that is coupled to Data Blanker 28. Formatted Fingerprint Data 30 is coupled to a data input of Data Blanker 28. Data Blanker 28 uses H & V Blanking Signal 26 to blank out the data during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of the input video signal. The output of Data Blanker 28 is Blanked Formatted Fingerprint Data 32 which is coupled back into Video Processor for adding to the video signal thus producing Fingerprinted Video Signal 34.
When Fingerprinted Video Signal 34 is projected on a screen or displayed on a video monitor, the variation in video level due to the insertion is imperceptible to a viewer, but is detected by any video recorder recording the signal directly or via a television camera doing an off-screen recording of the projected image.
number; and the final 32 bits are the date code. A typical sync word is shown in Fig. 2a. The block is repeated indefinitely. The signal format is binary Manchester: a "0" is represented by a 0-1 transition, a "1" by a 1-0 transition, with the phase reference supplied by the sync word as shown in Fig. 2b. Each data bit therefore occupies two fields. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that other data formats can be used, with the recovery process adjusted accordingly.
Data Modulator 22 receives the Fingerprint Data 20 in either serial or parallel form and Sync Word Data Generator 21 and generates Formatted Fingerprint Data as described above consisting of 16 bits as synchronization word followed by 16 bits for a source ID and 32 bits for a date code.
Since the data is to be inputted to a video signal, it is necessary to synchronize the data to the video signal. An output of Sync Separator 16 consists of Vertical (field) Synchronizing Pulse 24. Sync Separator 16 uses techniques known to one skilled in the art of television engineering to separate Vertical Synchronizing Pulse 24 from the video signal. In addition to putting the data in a format usable by the system, Data Modulator 22 synchronizes the beginning of any Formatted Fingerprint Data to the field rate using Vertical Synchronizing Pulse 24.
Since the individual bits of data 30 output from Data Modulator 22 one or more field, it is necessary to blank out the data during the horizontal and vertical blanking periods of the inputted video signal. H & V Blanking Generator 18 receives the video signal from Video Processor 14 and generates a combined H & V Blanking Signal 26 that is coupled to Data Blanker 28. Formatted Fingerprint Data 30 is coupled to a data input of Data Blanker 28. Data Blanker 28 uses H & V Blanking Signal 26 to blank out the data during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of the input video signal. The output of Data Blanker 28 is Blanked Formatted Fingerprint Data 32 which is coupled back into Video Processor for adding to the video signal thus producing Fingerprinted Video Signal 34.
When Fingerprinted Video Signal 34 is projected on a screen or displayed on a video monitor, the variation in video level due to the insertion is imperceptible to a viewer, but is detected by any video recorder recording the signal directly or via a television camera doing an off-screen recording of the projected image.
The recovery or "reading" process operation is shown in Fig. 3. A Fingerprint Reader 40 is used to detect and analyze any Formatted Fingerprint Data 30 (Fig. 1) present in a Fingerprinted Video Signal 42 (similar to the signal 34 of Fig. 1) is coupled to Low Pass Filter 44 with a cut-off frequency of about 1 Khz. The output of Low Pass Filter 44 is coupled via an Analog to Digital Converter 46 to 30 Hz Notch Filter 82. 30 Hz Notch Filter 82 is used to remove a 30 Hz component that can be observed in the data as a frame to frame variation in tape output level due to differences in playback video heads. The 30 Hz Notch Filter is coupled to a Matched Filter 52 but can be placed either before or after Matched Filter 52.
Analog to Digital Converter 46 also receives Clock Signal 48 from Clock Generator 50. The clock frequency is approximately 4 Khz. However clock frequencies from 1 Khz to 15 Khz are equally usable. The clock frequency also may be locked to the incoming video. The output of 30 Hz Notch Filter 82 is coupled to Matched Filter 52, which to a first approximation, doubles the data amplitude and largely cancels the video content. The output of Matched Filter 52 is represented by Fig. 2c.
The output of Matched Filter 52 may not always provide a sufficiently clean signal for further processing due to time base errors in the playback signal. To improve the usability of the output signal of Matched Filter 52 is 7a coupled to Squarer 84 to Phase Lock Loop 86 to generate a clock signal at the bit of the data. This clock signal 88 is coupled to Storage Register 56 to eliminate variations in the data due to time base errors.
The output of Matched Filter 52 that contains data with canceled video is then correlated to the sync word to establish the data framing. Once the data is properly framed, it is digitally integrated to further improve the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). This process consists of writing the digitized values of 128 consecutive fields into Storage Register 56 that contains 128 individual registers that have been clocked by Clock Signal 88. Shift Register 56, Correlator 58, Sync Word Generator 60, Peak Detector 62 and Address Control 64 are in a loop that is used to synchronize the data to make it readable by the user. The output of Storage Register 56 is coupled to Correlator 58.
In addition a preprogrammed Sync Word Generator 60 couples a unique Sync Word 66, as shown in Fig. 2d, to Correlator 58 to correlate the sync word information in the Fingerprint Data 32 with Sync Word 66. Correlation Data 68, as shown in Fig. 2e is coupled to Peak Detector 62. If there is a match between Sync Word 66 and the sync word information in the Fingerprint Data 32, the digitized values of the next 128 fields are added to the first field, and the process is continued as required. As the accumulation proceeds, the data value in each register will be directly multiplied by 7b the number of passes while the video and noise will tend to average out. After a suitable number of passes, generally in excess of twenty, the recovered sequence of 128 high or low offset fields is coupled to Adder 72 and 64 Word Register 76 where the data is decoded to the original 64 bits, and the pertinent data is read out to Output Terminal 80.
The apparatus described above may use a hardware implementation or a combination of hardware and software.
Attached is the source code information using the Matlab language for a software implementation of part of the fingerprint reader.
The data that is read out can be connected to any display device capable of reading a 64 bit data stream. Such a device could be an alphanumeric display, a computer screen or incorporated back into the video signal for an on screen display. The display device displays the ID number and date code.
During an experiment using the elements described above, data has been found to be recoverable down to the vicinity of 1/2 millivolt on a 1 volt video signal, less than 0.1 IRE.
It is important to note, that unless the sync word in the insertion device and the reader are identical, no output will 7c R'096106503 f.~ ~ ~ ~ PCTItTS9Sllf1665 result ar misleading results will bs obtained. In order to make the reading device have a more universal use, the sync word generator in the reader has an ability to be preprogrammed either by the manufacturer for the user or by the user.
In principle, while using the system described above, a person attempting to defeat the system could simply blank or otherwise distort one or two fields out of every 128 fields, a distortion which might be brief enough not to significantly affect the utility of the pirated signal. Since the data is periodic, this would distort one of the characters. Which character in particular would not be known, but With the present data format, there is be a 25~ probability of hitting one of the ID number characters, thereby disguising the identity of the pirated unit. Alternatively a pirate may add a signal that will swamp or override the original fingerprint so that the fingerprint reader produces inconsistent or incorrect results.
An alternative implementation has some advantages. In a technique similar to that used for spread-spectrum transmission, the basic data rate may be slowed, and Exclusive-Ors with a known pseudo-random sequence at the original frame rate. Normally the pseudo random sequence will be much longer than the data sequence. This has the advantage of keeping the setup variation rate high, to minimize visibility of the data, while insuring that any attempt to mask a data character would blank an unacceptably long portion of the signal. A second alternative would simply randomly interchange the position of data bits within the block in a time-variant manner, such that no periodic distortion would suffice to distort any particular data character. Data recovery for this second method is clearly more complex, but well within the state of the art.
A third alternative may be to encrypt the data prior to it being added to the signal and using complementary decryption techniques for detection.
The apparatus and method described above describes a system and method of adding a fingerprint signal to a video signal. One of the principle uses of this method and apparatus is to prevent piracy or identify the source of the pirated video material. Another embodiment of the concept is to fingerprint an original film that is ultimately recorded into a video format. This can be accomplished by one of two methods. The film as it is being duplicated in film has a bias light source with a short turn on/off time to provide a small increase of illumination in the film printer. This bias light would be sufficiently low to create a very small shift in the brightness, but not be visible to a viewer of the film. A second method is to provide such a bias during the projection of the film. The rate of the bias light takes into account the various projection media, direct film projection at 24 frames per second, 25 frames per second when used in a 50 Hz television system or the 3/2 mechanism when used in a 60 Hz television system.
The programming code for the fingerprint detection system is outlined following this Detailed Description of the Invention.
The above description is illustrative and not limiting.
Further modifications will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of this disclosure.
l0 WO 96106503 ~ 219 5 9 ~ 2 pCTlUS95l1066R
function [zc,y,loc) = finger2(file_name,sim}
This function computes the fingerprint values given the input filename. It also plots intermediate results for debugging and % visualation. This function assumes that the input is in voc type 1 format digitized at 4 KHz. The data is assumed to be °J° frame of 64 bits manchester encoded with a sync word of 16 bits followed by 16 blts of decoder id, 3 bytes of date data (in bcd) % and finally 1 byte of spare presently set to 0's. Data is °/° assumed to non-inverted, although it is believed that the decoder now ouputs inverted fingerprint. The sound blaster used did not invert the data on input, but the sound blaster inverted the data on output. The data was collected using the program named fingrprt.exe and executed from the DOS prompt.
°ra Greg Copeland 8/16194 %
°!° Get the data and decimate by 8 using a 256 tap °!° low pass filter. Each blt before decimation is approximately °!° 133 samples long (4000 Hz sample rate I 30 Hz blt rate).
After decimation each symbol period then becomes approximately 16.7 (4000Hzl30Hz/8) samples long.
if sim==1 °!° 1 for data, 0 simulation lid = fopen(file_name);% open the input file x = fread(fid,100,'uint8'); % eliminate the header info i=0; x0 = zeros(8,1); % clear filter state x1 = x0; x2 = x0: x3 = x0; % create Ipf for decimation Ipf = firls(123,[0 .08 .125 1 ),[1.0 1.0 0.0 O.Oj};
m = [-ones(1,66) 0 ones(i,66) );% and conv with matched filt Ipt = conv(Ipf,m); % far combined filtering plot(20'IoglO(abs(fft([Ipf zeros(1,8'size(Ipf})j}+.00001}));
pause(1};
dec = 8;
flag = 1:
x0 = zeros(256,1);
x = zeros(dec,i);
while flag % loop for eactr 8 sample blk x0(1:256-dec)=x0(dec+1:256);% until no more data avail [x,countj = fread(fid,dec,'uint8'); % read input file flag = count == dec; % full block to use ?
if(flag) x0(256-dec+1:256)=x(i:dec)% shift state info i=i+1;
z(i) = x0' ' Ipf'; % find decimation sample end end Y=z;
clear Ipf % free memory for later use clear x0 % these vars are no longer clear x % needed clear z else °,% ifi here generate test data pad = rand(1,48) > .5; % generate some random data WO 91/06503 - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 2 PC3'/U595/106l5 datain = [i 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 pad]; % with sync y = 2'datain - ones(1,64);
y = kron(y,[ones(1,8) 0 -ones(t,8)]); °l° symbol waveform y = kron(ones(1,3),y); % gen 3 frames y .~ 0.0625'conv(y,[-ones(1,8) ones(1,8)]); % matched filtering y = y + 0.25'randn(y); % additive noise end z = y. % this is a simple agc [m,n]=size(z);
y(i:16)=y(1:16)/std(z(1:31)); %normalizedatabythe for d=17:16:n-32 °!° max in the block and s= I.OIstd(z(i-16:i+31}); % adjacent blocks y(i:i+i 5) = s'z(i:i+15) end i=i+15;
y(i:n)=zeros(1,n-i+1}; %cleartail clear z; °!° free some more memory plot{y); % pfoi agc'ed data pause(1 );
°ro next we squire symbol clock and decimate again by this clock °l° 'this phase consists of faking the matched filter output, °/° differentiating, multipling by the matched filter output and Tittering around twice the symbol clock frequency. The filter is complex, so that the phase of the filtered data may be found % for later use in the Kalman filter symbol synchronizer dif=0.5'conv([i 0 -1],y); % dffferentate data y = [4 y 0]; % pad input to same length err = dit ' y; % product of each [a,b]--size(err); % build bpf around clock bitfilt = [sin({-63:63)'(pi14.15))-j'cos({-63:63)'(pir4.15))];
bittilt = biffilt' .' hanning(127);% freqency err = conv(err,biffilt}; °/a band pass the data [c,d]=size(err);
erc(1:63}=[]; err(b+1:d)= ~;
phase = -atan2(imag(err),real(err))Ipi; °I° find the phase of bpf out err = real(err)Imax(real(err)};
m= 400; n=450; t=m:n; % plot some debug stuff plot(t,y(m:n),'w',t,err(m:n).'b".t,dif(m:n),'r',t,Phase(m:n); g');
pause(1);
clear dif °l° free memory °f°
% This is the Kalman filter for tracking the symbol clock %
°ro Kalman filter parameters °%
°rn X(k+1 ) = A' X(k) + tl(k) model °.o Z(k) _ C ' X(k) + W(k) observation .°
x=[10 8.35 0]'; % initial state var (phase,period,auxl,aux2) a..,:; ,v _ 2195942 W096106503 '- F ~ ' a PCTIUS95I10665 A = [1 1 0 % state transition matrix 0 1 0 °/° phase,period,auxl,aux2 0 0 .8j; % aux to decorrelate err measurements C = [1 0 1 j; °i° observation matrix Rw ° 1 ~ % observation noise covariance Rx = 20"eye(3); % initial state covariance Ru = [0 0 0 % model driving covariance 0 .00001 0 0 0.00001];
°!°
°!° This is an interpolation filter for finding the °!° interpolated matched filter output. This is required becuase the symbol clock may not land exactly on a sample.
interp = firfs(64,[0 .12 .13 ij,[i 1 0 Oj); % simple !s fir interp(65) = 0;
interp = interplsum(interp(33)};% normalize interp filter j=1; k = 1 ~ % init some loop vars z = zeros(1,128);
[n,m] = size(y);
pass = 1;
while x(1) < m-10 % x(1} is the sample #
i = floor(x(1 )); frac = x(1 ) - i~ % i is the integer sample #
a = -(phase(i) + 0.255'frac)'/° find the phase err Rv = C'Rx"C' % update the error variance + Rw;
Rvi = inv(Rv); % and its inverse G = A'Rx'C''Rvi;% calculate Kalman gain ' x = A % compute prediction x + 2"G'e; state Rx = Rx - Rx'C"Rvi'C'Rx;
% find prediction covariance Rx = A'Rx'A' l find state est covariance + Ru;
iindex = 9-floor(8"frac); % interpolate sample yt = y(i-3:1:i+4); it = interp(iindex:8:56+iindex};
y' = Yt ' it'; % this is the interp result if(pass > 1 } - °!° allow 1 frame pass to ze = yi - z(j); °/° establish good clock if(ze > 1) ze = .5; end% hard limit for noise if(ze < -1 ) ze = -.5; end °o spikes zQ) = z(j) + ze/(pass-1); °ib accumulate data each pass end (oc(k :) _ [ x(2)-8 x(3) a yij;% diagnostic vector k=k+1 ~ j=j+1; % update loop counters ifQ > 128j % mod 128 for accumulation j = 1; pass = pass+1;°n (128 1/2 symbolslframe}
end end plot(z); % data accumulated at symbol pause(ij; % intervals plot(loc); % plot vco freq, aux var, pause(1 ); % phase error, and sample value r ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ 4 2 Pc'r~s9sna66~
°n find the sync word, using correlation and display results m=[i 0] °!° A C 8 E
sync= [m -m m -m m m -m -m m -m -m -m m m m -m zeros(1,96)j;
zc = real(ifft(fft(z).*con[(fft(sync))));
zc = zGmax(abs(zc)); °!° normalize cross correlation data plot(zc); °l° plot corr for debug pause(1); °h Oh, you want to see the results?
index = find{zc==max(zc}) °~ find the locatron of the corr peak zs = zeros(1,128); % and rotate the data to the normal zs(index) = 1; % orientation zc = real(ifft(fft(z).*con](fft(zs))));
zc = zclstd(abs(zc});
zc = zc-mean(zc(1:2:32)); % offset compensation plot(zc{1:2:12a)) % due t~ flutter ~ 3aHz dataout = zc(1:2:12H)>0; % decode bits if sim == 0 % test for errors 'bit errors =',sum{xor(datain,dataout)) else 'bit errors = ',sum(xor{[1 0 1 0 1 i 0 0 1 0 0 0 i 1 1 Oj.dataout(1:16})) erxJ
byte w = ( 8 4 21 ]; % convert bits to hex out bytes= zeros(1,16);
hexstr=['0' ~1, ,2, .3. ,4~ ,5, ,6~ ,~ ,8, ,9, ,A, ,B, ,C, ,p, ,E, ,F];
for i=0:15 % loop for each flex digft t = byte_w*dataout(1+4'i:4+4'i)' + 1;
bytes(i+1 ) = hexstr(t);
end 'sync dec id date spare' % display decoded data bytes °!° here
Analog to Digital Converter 46 also receives Clock Signal 48 from Clock Generator 50. The clock frequency is approximately 4 Khz. However clock frequencies from 1 Khz to 15 Khz are equally usable. The clock frequency also may be locked to the incoming video. The output of 30 Hz Notch Filter 82 is coupled to Matched Filter 52, which to a first approximation, doubles the data amplitude and largely cancels the video content. The output of Matched Filter 52 is represented by Fig. 2c.
The output of Matched Filter 52 may not always provide a sufficiently clean signal for further processing due to time base errors in the playback signal. To improve the usability of the output signal of Matched Filter 52 is 7a coupled to Squarer 84 to Phase Lock Loop 86 to generate a clock signal at the bit of the data. This clock signal 88 is coupled to Storage Register 56 to eliminate variations in the data due to time base errors.
The output of Matched Filter 52 that contains data with canceled video is then correlated to the sync word to establish the data framing. Once the data is properly framed, it is digitally integrated to further improve the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). This process consists of writing the digitized values of 128 consecutive fields into Storage Register 56 that contains 128 individual registers that have been clocked by Clock Signal 88. Shift Register 56, Correlator 58, Sync Word Generator 60, Peak Detector 62 and Address Control 64 are in a loop that is used to synchronize the data to make it readable by the user. The output of Storage Register 56 is coupled to Correlator 58.
In addition a preprogrammed Sync Word Generator 60 couples a unique Sync Word 66, as shown in Fig. 2d, to Correlator 58 to correlate the sync word information in the Fingerprint Data 32 with Sync Word 66. Correlation Data 68, as shown in Fig. 2e is coupled to Peak Detector 62. If there is a match between Sync Word 66 and the sync word information in the Fingerprint Data 32, the digitized values of the next 128 fields are added to the first field, and the process is continued as required. As the accumulation proceeds, the data value in each register will be directly multiplied by 7b the number of passes while the video and noise will tend to average out. After a suitable number of passes, generally in excess of twenty, the recovered sequence of 128 high or low offset fields is coupled to Adder 72 and 64 Word Register 76 where the data is decoded to the original 64 bits, and the pertinent data is read out to Output Terminal 80.
The apparatus described above may use a hardware implementation or a combination of hardware and software.
Attached is the source code information using the Matlab language for a software implementation of part of the fingerprint reader.
The data that is read out can be connected to any display device capable of reading a 64 bit data stream. Such a device could be an alphanumeric display, a computer screen or incorporated back into the video signal for an on screen display. The display device displays the ID number and date code.
During an experiment using the elements described above, data has been found to be recoverable down to the vicinity of 1/2 millivolt on a 1 volt video signal, less than 0.1 IRE.
It is important to note, that unless the sync word in the insertion device and the reader are identical, no output will 7c R'096106503 f.~ ~ ~ ~ PCTItTS9Sllf1665 result ar misleading results will bs obtained. In order to make the reading device have a more universal use, the sync word generator in the reader has an ability to be preprogrammed either by the manufacturer for the user or by the user.
In principle, while using the system described above, a person attempting to defeat the system could simply blank or otherwise distort one or two fields out of every 128 fields, a distortion which might be brief enough not to significantly affect the utility of the pirated signal. Since the data is periodic, this would distort one of the characters. Which character in particular would not be known, but With the present data format, there is be a 25~ probability of hitting one of the ID number characters, thereby disguising the identity of the pirated unit. Alternatively a pirate may add a signal that will swamp or override the original fingerprint so that the fingerprint reader produces inconsistent or incorrect results.
An alternative implementation has some advantages. In a technique similar to that used for spread-spectrum transmission, the basic data rate may be slowed, and Exclusive-Ors with a known pseudo-random sequence at the original frame rate. Normally the pseudo random sequence will be much longer than the data sequence. This has the advantage of keeping the setup variation rate high, to minimize visibility of the data, while insuring that any attempt to mask a data character would blank an unacceptably long portion of the signal. A second alternative would simply randomly interchange the position of data bits within the block in a time-variant manner, such that no periodic distortion would suffice to distort any particular data character. Data recovery for this second method is clearly more complex, but well within the state of the art.
A third alternative may be to encrypt the data prior to it being added to the signal and using complementary decryption techniques for detection.
The apparatus and method described above describes a system and method of adding a fingerprint signal to a video signal. One of the principle uses of this method and apparatus is to prevent piracy or identify the source of the pirated video material. Another embodiment of the concept is to fingerprint an original film that is ultimately recorded into a video format. This can be accomplished by one of two methods. The film as it is being duplicated in film has a bias light source with a short turn on/off time to provide a small increase of illumination in the film printer. This bias light would be sufficiently low to create a very small shift in the brightness, but not be visible to a viewer of the film. A second method is to provide such a bias during the projection of the film. The rate of the bias light takes into account the various projection media, direct film projection at 24 frames per second, 25 frames per second when used in a 50 Hz television system or the 3/2 mechanism when used in a 60 Hz television system.
The programming code for the fingerprint detection system is outlined following this Detailed Description of the Invention.
The above description is illustrative and not limiting.
Further modifications will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of this disclosure.
l0 WO 96106503 ~ 219 5 9 ~ 2 pCTlUS95l1066R
function [zc,y,loc) = finger2(file_name,sim}
This function computes the fingerprint values given the input filename. It also plots intermediate results for debugging and % visualation. This function assumes that the input is in voc type 1 format digitized at 4 KHz. The data is assumed to be °J° frame of 64 bits manchester encoded with a sync word of 16 bits followed by 16 blts of decoder id, 3 bytes of date data (in bcd) % and finally 1 byte of spare presently set to 0's. Data is °/° assumed to non-inverted, although it is believed that the decoder now ouputs inverted fingerprint. The sound blaster used did not invert the data on input, but the sound blaster inverted the data on output. The data was collected using the program named fingrprt.exe and executed from the DOS prompt.
°ra Greg Copeland 8/16194 %
°!° Get the data and decimate by 8 using a 256 tap °!° low pass filter. Each blt before decimation is approximately °!° 133 samples long (4000 Hz sample rate I 30 Hz blt rate).
After decimation each symbol period then becomes approximately 16.7 (4000Hzl30Hz/8) samples long.
if sim==1 °!° 1 for data, 0 simulation lid = fopen(file_name);% open the input file x = fread(fid,100,'uint8'); % eliminate the header info i=0; x0 = zeros(8,1); % clear filter state x1 = x0; x2 = x0: x3 = x0; % create Ipf for decimation Ipf = firls(123,[0 .08 .125 1 ),[1.0 1.0 0.0 O.Oj};
m = [-ones(1,66) 0 ones(i,66) );% and conv with matched filt Ipt = conv(Ipf,m); % far combined filtering plot(20'IoglO(abs(fft([Ipf zeros(1,8'size(Ipf})j}+.00001}));
pause(1};
dec = 8;
flag = 1:
x0 = zeros(256,1);
x = zeros(dec,i);
while flag % loop for eactr 8 sample blk x0(1:256-dec)=x0(dec+1:256);% until no more data avail [x,countj = fread(fid,dec,'uint8'); % read input file flag = count == dec; % full block to use ?
if(flag) x0(256-dec+1:256)=x(i:dec)% shift state info i=i+1;
z(i) = x0' ' Ipf'; % find decimation sample end end Y=z;
clear Ipf % free memory for later use clear x0 % these vars are no longer clear x % needed clear z else °,% ifi here generate test data pad = rand(1,48) > .5; % generate some random data WO 91/06503 - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 2 PC3'/U595/106l5 datain = [i 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 pad]; % with sync y = 2'datain - ones(1,64);
y = kron(y,[ones(1,8) 0 -ones(t,8)]); °l° symbol waveform y = kron(ones(1,3),y); % gen 3 frames y .~ 0.0625'conv(y,[-ones(1,8) ones(1,8)]); % matched filtering y = y + 0.25'randn(y); % additive noise end z = y. % this is a simple agc [m,n]=size(z);
y(i:16)=y(1:16)/std(z(1:31)); %normalizedatabythe for d=17:16:n-32 °!° max in the block and s= I.OIstd(z(i-16:i+31}); % adjacent blocks y(i:i+i 5) = s'z(i:i+15) end i=i+15;
y(i:n)=zeros(1,n-i+1}; %cleartail clear z; °!° free some more memory plot{y); % pfoi agc'ed data pause(1 );
°ro next we squire symbol clock and decimate again by this clock °l° 'this phase consists of faking the matched filter output, °/° differentiating, multipling by the matched filter output and Tittering around twice the symbol clock frequency. The filter is complex, so that the phase of the filtered data may be found % for later use in the Kalman filter symbol synchronizer dif=0.5'conv([i 0 -1],y); % dffferentate data y = [4 y 0]; % pad input to same length err = dit ' y; % product of each [a,b]--size(err); % build bpf around clock bitfilt = [sin({-63:63)'(pi14.15))-j'cos({-63:63)'(pir4.15))];
bittilt = biffilt' .' hanning(127);% freqency err = conv(err,biffilt}; °/a band pass the data [c,d]=size(err);
erc(1:63}=[]; err(b+1:d)= ~;
phase = -atan2(imag(err),real(err))Ipi; °I° find the phase of bpf out err = real(err)Imax(real(err)};
m= 400; n=450; t=m:n; % plot some debug stuff plot(t,y(m:n),'w',t,err(m:n).'b".t,dif(m:n),'r',t,Phase(m:n); g');
pause(1);
clear dif °l° free memory °f°
% This is the Kalman filter for tracking the symbol clock %
°ro Kalman filter parameters °%
°rn X(k+1 ) = A' X(k) + tl(k) model °.o Z(k) _ C ' X(k) + W(k) observation .°
x=[10 8.35 0]'; % initial state var (phase,period,auxl,aux2) a..,:; ,v _ 2195942 W096106503 '- F ~ ' a PCTIUS95I10665 A = [1 1 0 % state transition matrix 0 1 0 °/° phase,period,auxl,aux2 0 0 .8j; % aux to decorrelate err measurements C = [1 0 1 j; °i° observation matrix Rw ° 1 ~ % observation noise covariance Rx = 20"eye(3); % initial state covariance Ru = [0 0 0 % model driving covariance 0 .00001 0 0 0.00001];
°!°
°!° This is an interpolation filter for finding the °!° interpolated matched filter output. This is required becuase the symbol clock may not land exactly on a sample.
interp = firfs(64,[0 .12 .13 ij,[i 1 0 Oj); % simple !s fir interp(65) = 0;
interp = interplsum(interp(33)};% normalize interp filter j=1; k = 1 ~ % init some loop vars z = zeros(1,128);
[n,m] = size(y);
pass = 1;
while x(1) < m-10 % x(1} is the sample #
i = floor(x(1 )); frac = x(1 ) - i~ % i is the integer sample #
a = -(phase(i) + 0.255'frac)'/° find the phase err Rv = C'Rx"C' % update the error variance + Rw;
Rvi = inv(Rv); % and its inverse G = A'Rx'C''Rvi;% calculate Kalman gain ' x = A % compute prediction x + 2"G'e; state Rx = Rx - Rx'C"Rvi'C'Rx;
% find prediction covariance Rx = A'Rx'A' l find state est covariance + Ru;
iindex = 9-floor(8"frac); % interpolate sample yt = y(i-3:1:i+4); it = interp(iindex:8:56+iindex};
y' = Yt ' it'; % this is the interp result if(pass > 1 } - °!° allow 1 frame pass to ze = yi - z(j); °/° establish good clock if(ze > 1) ze = .5; end% hard limit for noise if(ze < -1 ) ze = -.5; end °o spikes zQ) = z(j) + ze/(pass-1); °ib accumulate data each pass end (oc(k :) _ [ x(2)-8 x(3) a yij;% diagnostic vector k=k+1 ~ j=j+1; % update loop counters ifQ > 128j % mod 128 for accumulation j = 1; pass = pass+1;°n (128 1/2 symbolslframe}
end end plot(z); % data accumulated at symbol pause(ij; % intervals plot(loc); % plot vco freq, aux var, pause(1 ); % phase error, and sample value r ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ 4 2 Pc'r~s9sna66~
°n find the sync word, using correlation and display results m=[i 0] °!° A C 8 E
sync= [m -m m -m m m -m -m m -m -m -m m m m -m zeros(1,96)j;
zc = real(ifft(fft(z).*con[(fft(sync))));
zc = zGmax(abs(zc)); °!° normalize cross correlation data plot(zc); °l° plot corr for debug pause(1); °h Oh, you want to see the results?
index = find{zc==max(zc}) °~ find the locatron of the corr peak zs = zeros(1,128); % and rotate the data to the normal zs(index) = 1; % orientation zc = real(ifft(fft(z).*con](fft(zs))));
zc = zclstd(abs(zc});
zc = zc-mean(zc(1:2:32)); % offset compensation plot(zc{1:2:12a)) % due t~ flutter ~ 3aHz dataout = zc(1:2:12H)>0; % decode bits if sim == 0 % test for errors 'bit errors =',sum{xor(datain,dataout)) else 'bit errors = ',sum(xor{[1 0 1 0 1 i 0 0 1 0 0 0 i 1 1 Oj.dataout(1:16})) erxJ
byte w = ( 8 4 21 ]; % convert bits to hex out bytes= zeros(1,16);
hexstr=['0' ~1, ,2, .3. ,4~ ,5, ,6~ ,~ ,8, ,9, ,A, ,B, ,C, ,p, ,E, ,F];
for i=0:15 % loop for each flex digft t = byte_w*dataout(1+4'i:4+4'i)' + 1;
bytes(i+1 ) = hexstr(t);
end 'sync dec id date spare' % display decoded data bytes °!° here
Claims (15)
1. A method for incorporating source identification data into the active picture of a video signal formed of successive video fields while maintaining the source identification data imperceptible to a viewer, the method comprising the steps of:
generating source identification data, separating vertical sync pulses at vertical rate from the video signal, synchronizing the source identification data to the video signal at a vertical rate in response to the vertical sync pulses, blanking the synchronized source identification data during horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of the video signal, and adding the synchronized source identification data to the video signal.
generating source identification data, separating vertical sync pulses at vertical rate from the video signal, synchronizing the source identification data to the video signal at a vertical rate in response to the vertical sync pulses, blanking the synchronized source identification data during horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of the video signal, and adding the synchronized source identification data to the video signal.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the source identification data is generated by dynamically offsetting positively or negatively the video pedestal of the video signal, wherein each offset is constant for one or more fields of the successive video fields.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the source identification data is encoded.
4. A method as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein said offset has an amplitude of plus or minus 0.1 to 0.5 IRE unit.
5. Apparatus for incorporating source identification data into the active picture of a video signal formed of successive video fields while maintaining the source identification data imperceptible to a viewer, said apparatus comprising:
means for generating source identification data, processing means for adding said synchronized source identification data to the video signal, means for providing sync signals synchronized to the video signal, said means for providing having a vertical sync separator for separating vertical sync pulses at vertical rate from the video signal, means for synchronizing the source identification data to the video signal by synchronizing the source identification data to the vertical rate and to the video signal in response to the vertical sync pulses, and means for blanking said synchronized source identification data during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of the video signal and before the synchronized source identification data is added to said video signal.
means for generating source identification data, processing means for adding said synchronized source identification data to the video signal, means for providing sync signals synchronized to the video signal, said means for providing having a vertical sync separator for separating vertical sync pulses at vertical rate from the video signal, means for synchronizing the source identification data to the video signal by synchronizing the source identification data to the vertical rate and to the video signal in response to the vertical sync pulses, and means for blanking said synchronized source identification data during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of the video signal and before the synchronized source identification data is added to said video signal.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein said means for generating source identification data comprise means for generating a synchronizing word, and wherein the means generate encoded data.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 or 6 wherein said processing means dynamically offset the video pedestal of the video signal for at least an entire field.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein the video pedestals of entire fields in the successive video fields are selectively offset positively or negatively an amplitude of 0.1 to 0.5 IRE unit.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein said processing means comprise a video processor receiving said video signal and outputting the video signal to said sync separator and to said blanking means, and wherein the output of said blanking means is applied to said video processor whereby the blanked and synchronized source identification data is added to the video signal.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein said blanking means comprise a blanking generator receiving the video signal from the video processor and generating a combined horizontal and vertical blanking signal, and a data blanker receiving the synchronized source identification data and the combined blanking signal and outputting the blanked and synchronized source identification data to the video signal.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 wherein said source identification data comprises 17~
data identifying a source of video material, and a date code.
data identifying a source of video material, and a date code.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein said source of video material comprises a specified theatre or specified video cassette recorder.
13. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 wherein said synchronizing word is generated by a user controlled keyboard or keypad.
14. An apparatus for incorporating source identification data not visible or disturbing to a viewer into an active picture area of a video signal formed of successive video fields, comprising:
means for receiving and processing the video signal, means coupled to the processing means for generating a vertical sync pulse from the video signal, means responsive to the vertical sync pulse for providing a sync word and source identification information synchronized to vertical rate, means coupled to the providing means for blanking said synchronized sync word and source identification information during video blanking intervals, and wherein said receiving and processing means is coupled to said blanking means for dynamically offsetting the video pedestal of the video signal for at least an entire video field to therein supply said sync word and source identification information at a very low signal level to said active picture area of the video signal.
means for receiving and processing the video signal, means coupled to the processing means for generating a vertical sync pulse from the video signal, means responsive to the vertical sync pulse for providing a sync word and source identification information synchronized to vertical rate, means coupled to the providing means for blanking said synchronized sync word and source identification information during video blanking intervals, and wherein said receiving and processing means is coupled to said blanking means for dynamically offsetting the video pedestal of the video signal for at least an entire video field to therein supply said sync word and source identification information at a very low signal level to said active picture area of the video signal.
15. A method for incorporating source identification data into the active picture of a video signal, the method comprising the steps of:
generating source data including a synchronizing word for incorporation into the active picture of a video signal, wherein said source data is source identification data, synchronizing said source data to the video signal, and adding said synchronized source data to said video signal, wherein, to render the source data imperceptible to a viewer, said synchronized source data is blanked during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of said video signal, a video pedestal of the video signal to carry the source identification data is dynamically offset for at least one entire field, and wherein said synchronized source identification data is blanked during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals before said synchronized source identification data is added to said video signal.
generating source data including a synchronizing word for incorporation into the active picture of a video signal, wherein said source data is source identification data, synchronizing said source data to the video signal, and adding said synchronized source data to said video signal, wherein, to render the source data imperceptible to a viewer, said synchronized source data is blanked during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals of said video signal, a video pedestal of the video signal to carry the source identification data is dynamically offset for at least one entire field, and wherein said synchronized source identification data is blanked during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals before said synchronized source identification data is added to said video signal.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/294,983 US5739864A (en) | 1994-08-24 | 1994-08-24 | Apparatus for inserting blanked formatted fingerprint data (source ID, time/date) in to a video signal |
| US294,983 | 1994-08-24 | ||
| PCT/US1995/010665 WO1996006503A1 (en) | 1994-08-24 | 1995-08-22 | Method and apparatus for inserting source identification data into a video signal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2195942A1 CA2195942A1 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
| CA2195942C true CA2195942C (en) | 2001-04-10 |
Family
ID=23135744
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002195942A Expired - Lifetime CA2195942C (en) | 1994-08-24 | 1995-08-22 | Method and apparatus for inserting source identification data into a video signal |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5739864A (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0777946B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3377047B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100367774B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1138416C (en) |
| AT (2) | ATE207682T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU698870B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9508624A (en) |
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| MX (1) | MX9701261A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ292020A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996006503A1 (en) |
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| AU698870B2 (en) | 1998-11-12 |
| US5739864A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
| MX9701261A (en) | 1997-06-28 |
| EP0777946A1 (en) | 1997-06-11 |
| EP0777946B1 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
| JPH10504944A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
| KR100367774B1 (en) | 2003-05-09 |
| DE69533759D1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
| NZ292020A (en) | 1998-10-28 |
| KR970705898A (en) | 1997-10-09 |
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