CA2211053A1 - Method to signal a failure in a mixed pdh/sdh network in order to enable the latter to provide a service such as a protection mechanism - Google Patents
Method to signal a failure in a mixed pdh/sdh network in order to enable the latter to provide a service such as a protection mechanismInfo
- Publication number
- CA2211053A1 CA2211053A1 CA002211053A CA2211053A CA2211053A1 CA 2211053 A1 CA2211053 A1 CA 2211053A1 CA 002211053 A CA002211053 A CA 002211053A CA 2211053 A CA2211053 A CA 2211053A CA 2211053 A1 CA2211053 A1 CA 2211053A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- node
- pdh
- sdh
- data stream
- failure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
- H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
- H04J3/1611—Synchronous digital hierarchy [SDH] or SONET
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/14—Monitoring arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0057—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
- H04J2203/006—Fault tolerance and recovery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0089—Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling, SONET
Abstract
To signal a failure in a mixed PDH/SDH network in order to enable this network to provide a service such as a protection mechanism, an alarm indication has to be provided to an SDH node in the event of that failure. A PDH node linked to that SDH node creates an alarm data stream and provides this alarm data stream to the SDH node in the event of any of:
- an internal PDH node failure; and - a link failure between the previous node and the PDH node; and - upon reception of such an upstream created alarm data stream;
The SDH node creates the alarm indication in the event of any of:
- a link failure between the PDH node and the SDH node; and - upon reception of such an alarm data stream coming from the PDH
node.
- an internal PDH node failure; and - a link failure between the previous node and the PDH node; and - upon reception of such an upstream created alarm data stream;
The SDH node creates the alarm indication in the event of any of:
- a link failure between the PDH node and the SDH node; and - upon reception of such an alarm data stream coming from the PDH
node.
Description
CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 METHOD TO SIGNAL e FAILURE IN A MIXED PDH/SDH NETWORK IN
ORDER TO ENABLE THE LATTER TO PROVIDE A SERVICE SUCH AS A
PRO~ECTION MECHANISM
The present invention relates to a method to signal a failure to an SDH
node in a mixed PDH/SDH network as described in claim 1, a mixed PDH/SDH
network realizing said method as described in claim 2, a PDH node and an SDH
node for inclusion in such a mixed PDH/SDH network as as described in claims 3 and 5 respectively.
Methods to signal a failure in an SDH network are already known in the 10 art, e.g. from the International Telecommunicotion standardization sector of ITU-T
Recommandotion G.84 1 (07/9~): Digital Net~f~vorks: Types and characteristics ofSDH network protection architectures and more particularly from page 1 to 7 thereof entitled Terms and conditions, which describe the working of protection mechanisms in an SDH network. Therein it is described how data is sent over an 15 active path from an SDH bridge node to an SDH switching node via a plurality of SDH nodes. In the event of a failure somewhere on the active path the next SDH node of that active path creates an alarm indication and provides this to the foilowing SDH node. Such a failure can be:
- an internal SDH node failure; or - a link failure between the previous SDH node and the SDH node which creates the alarm indication; or - an upstream failure on the active path wich is indicated to the SDH node with such an alarm indication.
In this way, the alarm indication is forwarded downstream to the following 25 SDH switching node which switches over from the active path to a back-up pathin order to receive the data over the latter path. The back-up path originates also at the SDH bridge node and goes via other SDH nodes to the SDH switching node.
CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 The alarm indication is indicated in the SDH overhead of the SDH virtual containers, which are included in the SDH higher order data stream, by setting predefined alarm indication bits of this SDH overhead in the active state.
However in a mixed PDH/SDH network when the active path includes for instance PDH nodes the alarm indication is not forwarded towards the SDH
swithing node in the event of a failure somewhere on the active path before the PDH node.
Indeed as is described in e.g. International Telecommunication standardizc/tion sector of ITU-T Recommandation G. 783 (01/94) : General 10 aspects of digital transmission systems; terminal equipments: choracteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment functional blocks, and more particularly on page 4 7 Table 4-1 2/G. 783 thereof an SDH node upon the presence of an alarm indication substitutes the data to be sent to the next nodewith an alarm indication signal. This alarm indica~ion signal is e.g. an "All-ones"
15 data stream and is equivalent to the alarm data stream mentioned in the claims 1, 2, 3 and 5.
In a mixed PDH/SDH network, a PDH node following on the active path aher an SDH node, thus receives in the event of an upstream failure such an alarm indication signal.
A PDH node which receives a higher order data stream, demultiplexes this higher order data stream into lower order data segments, cross-connects these lower order data segments from the inputs to one or more outputs and multiplexes them again into higher order data streams which are provided to the next node. The working of such a PDH node is explained in International 25 Telecommun;cation standardizat;on sector of ITU-T Recornmandation G. 796 (09/92): General aspects of digital transmission systems; terminal equipments:
Characteristics of a 64 kbit/s cross connect equipment with 2048 kbit/s access ports. More particularly on page 6 and 7 tables 1/G.796 and 2/G.796 it is described what actions a PDH cross-connect equipment, which is equivalent to CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 the PDH node used herein, is expected to take upon reception of a higher order data stream which is an alarm data stream.
From the above it is clear that although upon reception of an upstream created alarm data stream by a PDH node, all the outgoing higher order data 5 streams to which the derived lower order data segments were cross-connected carry a part of this alarm data stream, this can not be recognized by a following SDH node as a failure and the mixed PDH/SDH network is not able to provide a service such as a protection mechanism.
An object of the present invention is therefor to provide a method to signal 10 a failure in a mixed PDH/SDH network in order to enable the mixed PDH/SDH
network to provide a service such as a protection mechanism.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of the method described in claim 1 realised by the mixed PDH/SDH network of claim 2 including a PDH node as in claim 3 and an SDH node as in claims 5.
Indeed, according to the invention, the PDH node creates at each involved output again an alarm data stream similar to such an SDH alarm indication signal and provides this to the following node.
These actions are also performed by the PDH node in the event of an internal PDH node failure or a link failure which is indicated by a first loss of 20 signal condition.
When the following node is again a PDH node, the alarm data stream is received and recreated at each involved output and provided e.g. to the following node on the active path.
When the following node is an SDH node, the alarm data stream coming 25 from a PDH node is, according to the invention, received and recognized by the SDH node which creates the alarm indication.
These actions are also performed by the SDH node in the event of a link failure between a PDH node and a following SDH node which is indicated by a second loss of signal condition.
CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 Thus, in the event of a failure on the active path, the failure will be forwarded via a mix of PDH nodes and SDH nodes towards the SDH switching node and the mixed PDH/SDH network is able to provide the service of a protection mechanism.
The above mentioned and other objects and features of the invention will become more apparent and the invention itself will be best understood by referring to the following description of an embodiment taken in con junction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig. l represents a mixed PDH/SDH network which is able to provide a 10 service such as a protection mechanism.
Fig. 2 is a representation of a data segment which is cross-connected from an input to an output of a PDH node.
Referring to Fig. l, a mixed PDH/SDH network which is able to provide a service such as a protection mechanism will be described. First the global 15 working of the protection mechanism will be explained. Based on this description the detailed actions regarding the invention of each node in the event of a particular failure will be described. Based on this description the implementation of the functional blocks in Fig. l will be obvious for a person skilled in the art.
The mixed PDH/ SDH network includes the following nodes: a bridge node B; an SDH switching node SW; five SDH nodes Sl, S2, S4, S5 and S6; and four PDH nodes Pl, P2, P3 and P4.
The bridge node B is an SDH node which is able to transmit identical data on both an active path and a back-up path.
The switching node SW is an SDH node which is able to select data from the back-up path rather than from the active path.
A l to l protection mechanism is provided in the network which means that for each active path one back-up path exists.
The active path starts (full line) in the bridge node B and goes via the 30 nodes Sl, Pl, P2 and S2 to the switching node SW. The back-up path (dashed CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 line) starts in the bridge node and goes via the nodes S4, S5, P3, S6 and P4 to the switching node SW.
Each included node has different inputs and different outputs. In order not to overload the figure only for the bridge node B and the switching node SW
5 different inputs and outputs are shown. For the other nodes, only the envolvedinputs and outputs which are linked to provide the active path and back-up path are shown.
Each PDH node is able to perform the following actions upon reception of a higher order data stream: demultiplexing this higher order data stream into 10 low order data segments, ossociating an overhead segment to these low order data segments, cross-connecting data segments which each include a low order data segment and the associated overhead, deriving from the data segments again the low order data segments and multiplexing the low order data segments again into outgoing higher order data streams which are provided to 15 the next node.
A representation of a data segment DS which includes a low order data segment LODS and the associated overhead segment OH is shown in Fig. 2.
The low order data segment LODS includes the data bits dl, d2, ..., di which ar part of a higher order data stream.
The overhead segment OH includes two spare bits: spl bit to indicate an internal failure and a sp2 bit to indicate an external failure.
Between any SDH node and any PDH node or between two PDH nodes a higher order data stream is transported and between two SDH nodes an SDH
higher order data stream is transported.
The SDH nodes perform the usual add/drop multiplexing tasks which are known to a person skilled in the art. To explain the working of the mixed PDH/SDH network only the actions of an SDH node included between a PDH
node and a following SDH node e.g. Iink P2 to S2 and S2 to SW are here described. Upon reception of a higher order data stream coming from the PDH
node P2 the SDH node S2 performs the following actions: multiplexing the CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 higher order data stream in the payload of an SDH virtual container, adding an SDH overhead to the payload and including the virtual container in an SDH
higher order data stream which is provided to the following SDH node SW.
It is assumed that a data packet D has to be sent over the active path from 5 the bridge node B to the switching node SW. In the event of a failure, an alarm indication Al is signaled to the switching node SW which selects the data D fromthe back-up path instead of from the active path. How this is done, i.e. the detailed working of the 1 to 1 protection mechanism goes beyond the scope of the invention and is therefor not described in detail. The intention is to describe 10 how, according to the invention, the alarm indication Al is created and for~varded to the SDH switching node SW in the event of a failure anyvvhere on the active path, e.g. an internal failure of the PDH node P1.
It has to be noted here that in this embodiment all included PDH nodes and SDH nodes are adapted following the present invention.
A higher order data stream which includes a low order data segment i.e.
data D is received by the node P1. The particular internal failure of P1 influences the data D which is indicated by activating spare bit spl, included in the part of the associated overhead segment OH which is shown in Fig. 2.
Node P1 substitutes the outgoing higher order data which includes one of 20 the low order data segments e.g. data D whereof a part of the associated overhead segment i.e. bit spl is active, with the alarm data stream ADS. This alarm data stream is provided to the following node P2.
Node P2 receives a higher order data stream i.e. alarm data stream ADS
which is for this node an upstream created alarm data stream. Upon reception 25 of an upstream created alarm data stream the part of the overhead segment associated to the low order data segments which are derived from the upstream created alarm data stream are activated i.e. spare bit sp2 which is shown in Fig.
ORDER TO ENABLE THE LATTER TO PROVIDE A SERVICE SUCH AS A
PRO~ECTION MECHANISM
The present invention relates to a method to signal a failure to an SDH
node in a mixed PDH/SDH network as described in claim 1, a mixed PDH/SDH
network realizing said method as described in claim 2, a PDH node and an SDH
node for inclusion in such a mixed PDH/SDH network as as described in claims 3 and 5 respectively.
Methods to signal a failure in an SDH network are already known in the 10 art, e.g. from the International Telecommunicotion standardization sector of ITU-T
Recommandotion G.84 1 (07/9~): Digital Net~f~vorks: Types and characteristics ofSDH network protection architectures and more particularly from page 1 to 7 thereof entitled Terms and conditions, which describe the working of protection mechanisms in an SDH network. Therein it is described how data is sent over an 15 active path from an SDH bridge node to an SDH switching node via a plurality of SDH nodes. In the event of a failure somewhere on the active path the next SDH node of that active path creates an alarm indication and provides this to the foilowing SDH node. Such a failure can be:
- an internal SDH node failure; or - a link failure between the previous SDH node and the SDH node which creates the alarm indication; or - an upstream failure on the active path wich is indicated to the SDH node with such an alarm indication.
In this way, the alarm indication is forwarded downstream to the following 25 SDH switching node which switches over from the active path to a back-up pathin order to receive the data over the latter path. The back-up path originates also at the SDH bridge node and goes via other SDH nodes to the SDH switching node.
CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 The alarm indication is indicated in the SDH overhead of the SDH virtual containers, which are included in the SDH higher order data stream, by setting predefined alarm indication bits of this SDH overhead in the active state.
However in a mixed PDH/SDH network when the active path includes for instance PDH nodes the alarm indication is not forwarded towards the SDH
swithing node in the event of a failure somewhere on the active path before the PDH node.
Indeed as is described in e.g. International Telecommunication standardizc/tion sector of ITU-T Recommandation G. 783 (01/94) : General 10 aspects of digital transmission systems; terminal equipments: choracteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment functional blocks, and more particularly on page 4 7 Table 4-1 2/G. 783 thereof an SDH node upon the presence of an alarm indication substitutes the data to be sent to the next nodewith an alarm indication signal. This alarm indica~ion signal is e.g. an "All-ones"
15 data stream and is equivalent to the alarm data stream mentioned in the claims 1, 2, 3 and 5.
In a mixed PDH/SDH network, a PDH node following on the active path aher an SDH node, thus receives in the event of an upstream failure such an alarm indication signal.
A PDH node which receives a higher order data stream, demultiplexes this higher order data stream into lower order data segments, cross-connects these lower order data segments from the inputs to one or more outputs and multiplexes them again into higher order data streams which are provided to the next node. The working of such a PDH node is explained in International 25 Telecommun;cation standardizat;on sector of ITU-T Recornmandation G. 796 (09/92): General aspects of digital transmission systems; terminal equipments:
Characteristics of a 64 kbit/s cross connect equipment with 2048 kbit/s access ports. More particularly on page 6 and 7 tables 1/G.796 and 2/G.796 it is described what actions a PDH cross-connect equipment, which is equivalent to CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 the PDH node used herein, is expected to take upon reception of a higher order data stream which is an alarm data stream.
From the above it is clear that although upon reception of an upstream created alarm data stream by a PDH node, all the outgoing higher order data 5 streams to which the derived lower order data segments were cross-connected carry a part of this alarm data stream, this can not be recognized by a following SDH node as a failure and the mixed PDH/SDH network is not able to provide a service such as a protection mechanism.
An object of the present invention is therefor to provide a method to signal 10 a failure in a mixed PDH/SDH network in order to enable the mixed PDH/SDH
network to provide a service such as a protection mechanism.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of the method described in claim 1 realised by the mixed PDH/SDH network of claim 2 including a PDH node as in claim 3 and an SDH node as in claims 5.
Indeed, according to the invention, the PDH node creates at each involved output again an alarm data stream similar to such an SDH alarm indication signal and provides this to the following node.
These actions are also performed by the PDH node in the event of an internal PDH node failure or a link failure which is indicated by a first loss of 20 signal condition.
When the following node is again a PDH node, the alarm data stream is received and recreated at each involved output and provided e.g. to the following node on the active path.
When the following node is an SDH node, the alarm data stream coming 25 from a PDH node is, according to the invention, received and recognized by the SDH node which creates the alarm indication.
These actions are also performed by the SDH node in the event of a link failure between a PDH node and a following SDH node which is indicated by a second loss of signal condition.
CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 Thus, in the event of a failure on the active path, the failure will be forwarded via a mix of PDH nodes and SDH nodes towards the SDH switching node and the mixed PDH/SDH network is able to provide the service of a protection mechanism.
The above mentioned and other objects and features of the invention will become more apparent and the invention itself will be best understood by referring to the following description of an embodiment taken in con junction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig. l represents a mixed PDH/SDH network which is able to provide a 10 service such as a protection mechanism.
Fig. 2 is a representation of a data segment which is cross-connected from an input to an output of a PDH node.
Referring to Fig. l, a mixed PDH/SDH network which is able to provide a service such as a protection mechanism will be described. First the global 15 working of the protection mechanism will be explained. Based on this description the detailed actions regarding the invention of each node in the event of a particular failure will be described. Based on this description the implementation of the functional blocks in Fig. l will be obvious for a person skilled in the art.
The mixed PDH/ SDH network includes the following nodes: a bridge node B; an SDH switching node SW; five SDH nodes Sl, S2, S4, S5 and S6; and four PDH nodes Pl, P2, P3 and P4.
The bridge node B is an SDH node which is able to transmit identical data on both an active path and a back-up path.
The switching node SW is an SDH node which is able to select data from the back-up path rather than from the active path.
A l to l protection mechanism is provided in the network which means that for each active path one back-up path exists.
The active path starts (full line) in the bridge node B and goes via the 30 nodes Sl, Pl, P2 and S2 to the switching node SW. The back-up path (dashed CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 line) starts in the bridge node and goes via the nodes S4, S5, P3, S6 and P4 to the switching node SW.
Each included node has different inputs and different outputs. In order not to overload the figure only for the bridge node B and the switching node SW
5 different inputs and outputs are shown. For the other nodes, only the envolvedinputs and outputs which are linked to provide the active path and back-up path are shown.
Each PDH node is able to perform the following actions upon reception of a higher order data stream: demultiplexing this higher order data stream into 10 low order data segments, ossociating an overhead segment to these low order data segments, cross-connecting data segments which each include a low order data segment and the associated overhead, deriving from the data segments again the low order data segments and multiplexing the low order data segments again into outgoing higher order data streams which are provided to 15 the next node.
A representation of a data segment DS which includes a low order data segment LODS and the associated overhead segment OH is shown in Fig. 2.
The low order data segment LODS includes the data bits dl, d2, ..., di which ar part of a higher order data stream.
The overhead segment OH includes two spare bits: spl bit to indicate an internal failure and a sp2 bit to indicate an external failure.
Between any SDH node and any PDH node or between two PDH nodes a higher order data stream is transported and between two SDH nodes an SDH
higher order data stream is transported.
The SDH nodes perform the usual add/drop multiplexing tasks which are known to a person skilled in the art. To explain the working of the mixed PDH/SDH network only the actions of an SDH node included between a PDH
node and a following SDH node e.g. Iink P2 to S2 and S2 to SW are here described. Upon reception of a higher order data stream coming from the PDH
node P2 the SDH node S2 performs the following actions: multiplexing the CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 higher order data stream in the payload of an SDH virtual container, adding an SDH overhead to the payload and including the virtual container in an SDH
higher order data stream which is provided to the following SDH node SW.
It is assumed that a data packet D has to be sent over the active path from 5 the bridge node B to the switching node SW. In the event of a failure, an alarm indication Al is signaled to the switching node SW which selects the data D fromthe back-up path instead of from the active path. How this is done, i.e. the detailed working of the 1 to 1 protection mechanism goes beyond the scope of the invention and is therefor not described in detail. The intention is to describe 10 how, according to the invention, the alarm indication Al is created and for~varded to the SDH switching node SW in the event of a failure anyvvhere on the active path, e.g. an internal failure of the PDH node P1.
It has to be noted here that in this embodiment all included PDH nodes and SDH nodes are adapted following the present invention.
A higher order data stream which includes a low order data segment i.e.
data D is received by the node P1. The particular internal failure of P1 influences the data D which is indicated by activating spare bit spl, included in the part of the associated overhead segment OH which is shown in Fig. 2.
Node P1 substitutes the outgoing higher order data which includes one of 20 the low order data segments e.g. data D whereof a part of the associated overhead segment i.e. bit spl is active, with the alarm data stream ADS. This alarm data stream is provided to the following node P2.
Node P2 receives a higher order data stream i.e. alarm data stream ADS
which is for this node an upstream created alarm data stream. Upon reception 25 of an upstream created alarm data stream the part of the overhead segment associated to the low order data segments which are derived from the upstream created alarm data stream are activated i.e. spare bit sp2 which is shown in Fig.
2 is activated.
Node P2 substitutes the outgoing higher order data which has to be 30 provided to the next node S2 on the active path and which includes one of the CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 low order data segments derived from the upstream created alarm data stream and whereof a part of the associated overhead segment j.Q. bit sp2 is active with the alarm data stream ADS. This alarm data stream ADS is provided to the next node S2.
Node S2 receives the alarm data stream ADS coming from a PDH node P2 and creates the alarm indication Al. This alarm indication is provided together with the locally created alarm data stream ADS in an SDH virtual container to the next node which is the SDH switching node SW.
The SDH switching node SW receives an alarm indication which is for this 10 node an indication to take the appropriate actions to switch over from the active path to the back-up path in order to receive the following data e.g. D (not shown on the figure).
In this way the mixed PDH/SDH network is able to provide the service of a protection mechanism.
Although the above description was based on the occurance of an internal failure in P1 it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that a mixed PDH/SDH
network is able to provide in the above described way the service of a protection mechanism in the event of any failure in the mixed PDH/SDH net~vork.
It will also be obvious to a person skilled in the art that also the SDH
switching node SW and the bridge node B are creating an alarm indication in the event of receiving an alarm data stream from a PDH node or in the event of a link failure between a previous PDH node an this switching node SW.
Furthermore it is noticed that although in this embodiment all included nodes are adapted following the invention a node or an SDH node which are adapted following the invention are still able to work together with non-adaptednodes in order to provide the basic functions of a communication network.
Still a remark is that although in this embodiment the use of spare bit spl and spare bit sp2 included in the part of the overhead segment of the PDH node is described the present invention is not restricted to methods wherein these bits are used but that any known combination of any available bits in the overhead - CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 segment can be used to define an activated state which indicates the presence ofa failure and or that spare bit spl and spare bit sp2 are the same bit.
Note that the associated overhead segment OH only exists internally in the PDH node of this particular embodiment and that the invention is not 5 restricted to PDH nodes which are working with such an overhead segment OH
but that the presence of a failure can also be indicated by other methods like e.g. management data packets inserted in the datastream. However, since the method with an overhead segment OH is a very quick method to report the presence of a failure in a PDH node, this method was preferred to be used in the1 0 embodiment.
It has to be noticed that the term 'to activate a bit" used in the above description means that the value of this bit changes of polarity i.e. it changeseither to a positive or to a negative value.
Furthermore, the alarm data stream ADS is like described above e.g. an 15 "All-ones"data stream but can also be another predefined data stream like e.g.
an "All-zero" data stream.
Finally it has to be remarked that although this particular embodiment of the invention is described as to be used in a one to one protection mechanism, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the method of the invention is not 20 restricted to this use but that the method to signal a failure in a mixed PDH/SDH
network can also be used for other protection mechanisms like hitless protectionor other applications e.g. fault localisation as required to support network management.
While the principles of the invention have been described above in 25 connection with specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation on the scope of the invention.
Node P2 substitutes the outgoing higher order data which has to be 30 provided to the next node S2 on the active path and which includes one of the CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 low order data segments derived from the upstream created alarm data stream and whereof a part of the associated overhead segment j.Q. bit sp2 is active with the alarm data stream ADS. This alarm data stream ADS is provided to the next node S2.
Node S2 receives the alarm data stream ADS coming from a PDH node P2 and creates the alarm indication Al. This alarm indication is provided together with the locally created alarm data stream ADS in an SDH virtual container to the next node which is the SDH switching node SW.
The SDH switching node SW receives an alarm indication which is for this 10 node an indication to take the appropriate actions to switch over from the active path to the back-up path in order to receive the following data e.g. D (not shown on the figure).
In this way the mixed PDH/SDH network is able to provide the service of a protection mechanism.
Although the above description was based on the occurance of an internal failure in P1 it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that a mixed PDH/SDH
network is able to provide in the above described way the service of a protection mechanism in the event of any failure in the mixed PDH/SDH net~vork.
It will also be obvious to a person skilled in the art that also the SDH
switching node SW and the bridge node B are creating an alarm indication in the event of receiving an alarm data stream from a PDH node or in the event of a link failure between a previous PDH node an this switching node SW.
Furthermore it is noticed that although in this embodiment all included nodes are adapted following the invention a node or an SDH node which are adapted following the invention are still able to work together with non-adaptednodes in order to provide the basic functions of a communication network.
Still a remark is that although in this embodiment the use of spare bit spl and spare bit sp2 included in the part of the overhead segment of the PDH node is described the present invention is not restricted to methods wherein these bits are used but that any known combination of any available bits in the overhead - CA 022110~3 1997-08-04 segment can be used to define an activated state which indicates the presence ofa failure and or that spare bit spl and spare bit sp2 are the same bit.
Note that the associated overhead segment OH only exists internally in the PDH node of this particular embodiment and that the invention is not 5 restricted to PDH nodes which are working with such an overhead segment OH
but that the presence of a failure can also be indicated by other methods like e.g. management data packets inserted in the datastream. However, since the method with an overhead segment OH is a very quick method to report the presence of a failure in a PDH node, this method was preferred to be used in the1 0 embodiment.
It has to be noticed that the term 'to activate a bit" used in the above description means that the value of this bit changes of polarity i.e. it changeseither to a positive or to a negative value.
Furthermore, the alarm data stream ADS is like described above e.g. an 15 "All-ones"data stream but can also be another predefined data stream like e.g.
an "All-zero" data stream.
Finally it has to be remarked that although this particular embodiment of the invention is described as to be used in a one to one protection mechanism, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the method of the invention is not 20 restricted to this use but that the method to signal a failure in a mixed PDH/SDH
network can also be used for other protection mechanisms like hitless protectionor other applications e.g. fault localisation as required to support network management.
While the principles of the invention have been described above in 25 connection with specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation on the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. Method to signal a failure in a mixed PDH/SDH network in order to enable said mixed PDH/SDH network to provide a service such as a protection mechanism, said mixed PDH/SDH network including an SDH node (S2) and at least one PDH node (P2) linked to said SDH node, said method being intended to provide an alarm indication (Al) to said SDH node (S2) in the event of said failure, said method including the steps of:
a) creating an alarm data stream (ADS) by said PDH node (P2) and providing said alarm data stream (ADS) from said PDH node (P2) to said SDH node (S2), in the event of any of:
- an internal failure of said PDH node (P2); and - recognition of a first loss of signal condition by said PDH node (P2); and - reception of an upstream created alarm data stream by said PDH node (P2), b) creating said alarm indication (Al) by said SDH node (S2) in the event of anyof:
- reception of said alarm data stream (ADS) by said SDH node (S2) from said PDH node (P2); and - recognition of a second loss of signal condition by said SDH node (S2) which indicates a failure of the link between said PDH node (P2) and said SDH
node (S2).
a) creating an alarm data stream (ADS) by said PDH node (P2) and providing said alarm data stream (ADS) from said PDH node (P2) to said SDH node (S2), in the event of any of:
- an internal failure of said PDH node (P2); and - recognition of a first loss of signal condition by said PDH node (P2); and - reception of an upstream created alarm data stream by said PDH node (P2), b) creating said alarm indication (Al) by said SDH node (S2) in the event of anyof:
- reception of said alarm data stream (ADS) by said SDH node (S2) from said PDH node (P2); and - recognition of a second loss of signal condition by said SDH node (S2) which indicates a failure of the link between said PDH node (P2) and said SDH
node (S2).
2. Mixed PDH/SDH network adapted to signal a failure in order to be able to provide a service such as a protection mechanism, said mixed PDH/SDH
network network including an SDH node (S2) and at least one PDH node (P2) linked to said SDH node, said mixed PDH/SDH network being intended to provide an alarm indication (Al) to said SDH node (S2) in the event of said failure and:
a) said PDH node (P2) including means to create an alarm data stream (ADS) and to provide said alarm data stream (ADS) from said PDH node to said SDH
node (S2), in the event of any of - an internal failure of said PDH node (P2); and - recognition of a first loss of signal condition by said PDH node (P2); and - reception of an upstream created alarm data stream by said PDH node (P2);
b) said SDH node (S2) including means create said alarm indication (Al) in the event of any of:
- reception of said alarm data stream (ADS) by said SDH node (S2) from said PDH node (P2); and - recognition of a second loss of signal condition by said SDH node (S2) which indicates a failure of the link between said PDH node (P2) and said SDH
node (S2).
network network including an SDH node (S2) and at least one PDH node (P2) linked to said SDH node, said mixed PDH/SDH network being intended to provide an alarm indication (Al) to said SDH node (S2) in the event of said failure and:
a) said PDH node (P2) including means to create an alarm data stream (ADS) and to provide said alarm data stream (ADS) from said PDH node to said SDH
node (S2), in the event of any of - an internal failure of said PDH node (P2); and - recognition of a first loss of signal condition by said PDH node (P2); and - reception of an upstream created alarm data stream by said PDH node (P2);
b) said SDH node (S2) including means create said alarm indication (Al) in the event of any of:
- reception of said alarm data stream (ADS) by said SDH node (S2) from said PDH node (P2); and - recognition of a second loss of signal condition by said SDH node (S2) which indicates a failure of the link between said PDH node (P2) and said SDH
node (S2).
3. A PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4) for inclusion in a mixed PDH/SDH network characterised in that said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4) is provided with means to signal a failure to an SDH node included in said mixed PDH/SDH network and linked to said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4) in order to enable said mixed PDH/SDH
network to provide a service such as a protection mechanism and that said PDH
node (P1, P2, P3, P4) is provided with means to create an alarm data stream (ADS) and to provide said alarm data stream from said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4) to said SDH node, in the event of any of:
- an internal failure of said PDH node; and - recognition of a first loss of signal condition by said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4); and - reception of an upstream created alarm data stream by said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4).
network to provide a service such as a protection mechanism and that said PDH
node (P1, P2, P3, P4) is provided with means to create an alarm data stream (ADS) and to provide said alarm data stream from said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4) to said SDH node, in the event of any of:
- an internal failure of said PDH node; and - recognition of a first loss of signal condition by said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4); and - reception of an upstream created alarm data stream by said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4).
4. The PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4) according to claim 3, characterised in that said PDH node includes a plurality of inputs and outputs and is provided with means to derive low order data segments (LODS) from a higher order data stream provided to one of said inputs means, to associate an overhead segment (OH) to said low order data segments (LODS), means to transfer data segments (DS) including said low order data segments (LODS) and said overhead segment (OH) from one of said inputs to one of said outputs, to derive said low order data segments (LODS) from said data segments (DS), means to multiplex said low order data segments (LODS) into at least one outgoing higher order data stream and - means to indicate in the event of said internal failure of said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4) said internal failure by activating a part of said overhead segment (OH) associated to at least one of said low order data segments (LODS) which are influenced by said internal failure;
- means to indicate in the event of recognition of said first loss of signal condition said first loss of signal condition by activating said part of said overhead segment (OH) associated to at least one of said low order data segments (LODS) which is influenced by said loss of signal condition;
- means to activate in the event of reception of said upstream created alarm data stream said part of said overhead segment (OH) associated to said low order data segments (LODS) which are derived from said upstream created alarm data stream; and that said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4) is provided with means to substitute each said outgoing higher order data stream, which includes one of said low order data segments (LODS) whereof said part of said associated overhead segment (OH) is active, with said alarm data stream (ADS).
- means to indicate in the event of recognition of said first loss of signal condition said first loss of signal condition by activating said part of said overhead segment (OH) associated to at least one of said low order data segments (LODS) which is influenced by said loss of signal condition;
- means to activate in the event of reception of said upstream created alarm data stream said part of said overhead segment (OH) associated to said low order data segments (LODS) which are derived from said upstream created alarm data stream; and that said PDH node (P1, P2, P3, P4) is provided with means to substitute each said outgoing higher order data stream, which includes one of said low order data segments (LODS) whereof said part of said associated overhead segment (OH) is active, with said alarm data stream (ADS).
5. SDH node (B, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, SW) for inclusion in a mixed PDH/SDH network network including at least one PDH node linked to said SDH
node (B, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, SW) characterised in that in order to enable said mixed PDH/SDH network to provide a service such as a protection mechanism said SDH node (B, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, SW) is provided with means to create an alarm indication (Al) in the event of any of:
- reception of an alarm data stream from said PDH node; and - recognition of a second loss of signal condition which indicates a failure of the link between said PDH node and said SDH node (B, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, SW).
node (B, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, SW) characterised in that in order to enable said mixed PDH/SDH network to provide a service such as a protection mechanism said SDH node (B, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, SW) is provided with means to create an alarm indication (Al) in the event of any of:
- reception of an alarm data stream from said PDH node; and - recognition of a second loss of signal condition which indicates a failure of the link between said PDH node and said SDH node (B, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, SW).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96202252.1 | 1996-08-09 | ||
| EP96202252A EP0823800B1 (en) | 1996-08-09 | 1996-08-09 | Method to signal a failure in a mixed PDH/SDH network in order to enable the latter to provide a service such as a protection mechanism |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2211053A1 true CA2211053A1 (en) | 1998-02-09 |
Family
ID=8224276
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002211053A Abandoned CA2211053A1 (en) | 1996-08-09 | 1997-08-04 | Method to signal a failure in a mixed pdh/sdh network in order to enable the latter to provide a service such as a protection mechanism |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6055226A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0823800B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2211053A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69630781T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0886924B1 (en) * | 1996-12-11 | 2008-10-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Digital cross connect and add/drop multiplexing device for sdh or sonet signals |
| JPH1132042A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-02-02 | Fujitsu Ltd | Sdh communication network/existing communication network monitor synthesizing device and method therefor |
| GB9716195D0 (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1997-10-08 | Plessey Telecomm | MA alternate routeing |
| EP0920152A3 (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 2002-09-18 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for multiplex transmission |
| IT1297936B1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-12-20 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF AN ALARM SIGNAL FOR THE PROTECTION OF CONNECTIONS IN MIXED NETWORKS OF SYNCHRONOUS TYPE (SDH) |
| JP2003101558A (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-04 | Fujitsu Ltd | Sdh ring network |
| US6766482B1 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2004-07-20 | Extreme Networks | Ethernet automatic protection switching |
| WO2012133635A1 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | Relay device, relay method, and relay processing program |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3526020A1 (en) * | 1985-07-20 | 1987-01-22 | Philips Patentverwaltung | DEVICES FOR GENERATING THE IDENTIFICATION OF UNSWITCHED TRANSMISSION ROUTES OF A DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM |
| US5193086A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1993-03-09 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Network system having a line switching function |
| US5233600A (en) * | 1990-08-06 | 1993-08-03 | Alcatel Network Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for identifying a failed span in a network of span interconnected nodes |
| US5265096A (en) * | 1991-07-03 | 1993-11-23 | Transwitch Corporation | Sonet alarm indication signal transmission method and apparatus |
| JPH05211479A (en) * | 1992-01-30 | 1993-08-20 | Fujitsu Ltd | Optical loopback method for same wavelength duplex transmitting device |
| FI93289C (en) * | 1993-03-16 | 1995-03-10 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | A method for controlling conditional connections in a synchronous digital communication system |
| JPH07264223A (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-10-13 | Fujitsu Ltd | Signal reliefs method and device for network |
| JPH07264227A (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-10-13 | Fujitsu Ltd | Composite ring network control system |
| KR960027720A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1996-07-22 | 양승택 | Hybrid network protection / recovery device for synchronous digital line splitter (SDH DXC) |
-
1996
- 1996-08-09 EP EP96202252A patent/EP0823800B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-09 DE DE69630781T patent/DE69630781T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-08-04 CA CA002211053A patent/CA2211053A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-08-08 US US08/908,585 patent/US6055226A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0823800B1 (en) | 2003-11-19 |
| EP0823800A1 (en) | 1998-02-11 |
| US6055226A (en) | 2000-04-25 |
| DE69630781T2 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| DE69630781D1 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |