CA2216782C

CA2216782C - Method for attaching handle to a container and the container having an attached separate handle

Info

Publication number: CA2216782C
Application number: CA002216782A
Authority: CA
Inventors: John W. Tobias; Frank E. Semersky
Original assignee: Graham Packaging Co LP
Current assignee: Graham Packaging Co LP
Priority date: 1995-03-31
Filing date: 1996-03-27
Publication date: 2000-12-26
Anticipated expiration: 2016-03-27
Also published as: US5622579A; US5704506A; WO1996030212A1; CA2216782A1

Abstract

A method for attaching a service device, such as a plastic handle (14), to a flexible container sidewall (20) and a container (12) prepared by the method. The inside of the container (12) is supported rigidly to effect a strong bond between the container (12) and the handle (14). The invention also pertains to the container having a separately formed one-piece plastic handle permanently welded to the container sidewall.

Description

METHOD FOR ATTACHING HANDL$ TO A CONTAIN$R AND TH$ CONTAIN$R
HAVING AN ATTACHED SSPARAT$ HANDL$
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for attaching a service device to a blown plastic container and more particularly, the present invention relates to the use of ultrasonic welding horns to form a bond between a separate plastic handle and the flexible sidewall of a blown PET
container. The invention also pertains to the container having a separately formed handle permanently welded to the sidewall.
Backqround of the Invention The use of blow molded plastic containers has become very commonplace in packaging beverages, such as juice. Blow molded plastic PET containers are particularly useful in the so-called "hot-fill" process, i.e. filling the containers with beverages at an elevated temperature, sealing the containers and then allowing the beverage to cool. Blow molded plastic PET
containers provide a package with sufficient flexure to compensate for the changes of pressure and temperature, while maintaining structural integrity and aesthetic appearance. In addition, the plastic used in the containers can be recycled.
The production of commercial quantities of such containers can be done efficiently, quickly and at a minimum of cost.
Smaller containers generally do not need handles because a consumer can grasp the sides of the container. However, larger containers, such as gallon containers, may require some form of handle in order for a consumer to control the container while carrying or pouring its contents. Some containers, such as milk bottles have handles blow molded integral with the container.
The attachment of separate handles onto blow molded PET containers presents a series of problems. The attachment must be strong enough so that it does not become detached either during the hot-fill process, or during transportation and handling. The attachment must be strong enough so that a consumer can lift and maneuver the container even in its completely filled condition.
The container and handle should use a minimum of plastics to be cost effective. Finally, the attachment must provide an aesthetic appearance to the consumer.
There are several known methods of attaching separate handles to plastic blow-molded PET containers.
Adhesives have been used to connect the handle to the container. Blow molded containers have been blown around portions of separate handles to connect the handle to the container. Handles have included straps which gird around the container sidewall and/or the container neck.
Ultrasonic welding horns have been used in the bottle art to bond various surfaces together. For instance, U.S. Patent No. 5,275,767 relates to connecting the base of a container to a container sidewall; U.S.
Patent NOS. 5,256,225, 5,244,520, 4,726,481, and 4,746,025 relate to connecting nozzles, spouts and neck inserts to containers; and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,040,357, 4,954,191, and 5,316,603 relate to connecting lids, covers or seals to containers.
Ultrasonic welding of a portion of a separate handle to a plastic container sidewall is disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,273,246, 4,280,859, 4,368,826 and 4,372,454. A top portion of an L-shaped handle snaps onto the container neck and a bottom portion of the handle engages the container sidewall and can be attached with the use of ultrasonic welding.
Several problems exist which prevent effective bonds from being created between a separate handle and a blow molded plastic PET container, especially taking into account the size and weight of the container and the requirement that the bond be strong enough to resist detaching. The sidewall of a blow molded PET plastic container is flexible and is required to be flexible in order to be used in the hot-fill process to compensate for changes in temperature and pressure. An ultrasonic welding horn typically vibrates in a range of some 20,000 cycles per second to effect melting of the surfaces of the two connecting parts. A significant degree of rigidity between the two connecting parts is needed in order to allow a bond to occur which will be strong enough to resist detachment when a gallon of liquid is lifted and poured.
Although various ones of the referenced containers may function satisfactorily for their intended purposes, there is a need for a blow molded plastic PET container and a separately attached service device, or handle, which is capable of being bonded together to resist separation even under the stresses imposed during handling and pouring a gallon of liquid. A
method for attaching the handle and container with the use of ultrasonic welding horns is needed in which commercial quantities of bottles and attached handles can be produced efficiently, at a minimum of cost and having superior aesthetic appearance.
With the foregoing in mind, the present invention seeks to provide a novel method for attaching a separate plastic service device to a blow molded plastic container.
Further the present invention seeks to provide a method of attaching a handle to a container which effectively uses an ultrasonic welding horn to form a bond.
Further still the present invention seeks to provide a means for rigidly supporting together in abutting fashion a handle and container sidewall to allow an effective bond to be created between the handle and container sidewall with the use of ultrasonic welding.
Still further the present invention seeks to produce by a process using ultrasonic welding horns, containers which are structurally sound, inexpensive to produce and aesthetically appealing.
Summary of the Invention More specifically, the present invention in one aspect is a method for ultrasonic welding a plastic attachment to a plastic container. The plastic container has an interior surface and an exterior surface. The plastic attachment is engaged against a portion of the exterior surface of the plastic container. Prior to welding, the interior surface of the flexible sidewall of the container is held in a rigid condition.
The ultrasonic welding horn is used as part of a delivery positioning mechanism which brings and supports the handle at the appropriate place on the exterior surface of the container sidewall for welding. The rigidly supported container and handle are efficiently welded together with ultrasonic energy.
A strong bond is created due to the rigidness of the support between the handle and container.
One embodiment of rigidly supporting the container for ultrasonic welding is by placing the container in a dummy mold cavity having space for the handle and ultrasonic welding horn to be engaged against the exterior surface of the container sidewall. Just prior to sounding the horns the bottle is pressurized with air while being constrained in the dummy mold.
When the horns are activated, the air pressure produces sufficient back pressure on the interior surface of the container sidewall to allow an effective weld to be created between the flexible container sidewall and the separate handle.
An alternate embodiment for maintaining rigidity between the flexible sidewall of the container and the separate handle uses a back-stop which is extended into the container and then engaged against the interior surface of the container sidewall adjacent to the placement of the plastic attachment along the outer portion of the container sidewall. When the welding horns sound, the inserted support provides sufficient back pressure along the container sidewall to effect the formation of a strong bond.
The invention also pertains to a container and handle, comprising a blow-molded plastic container body having a sidewall and a separately formed one-piece plastic handle permanently welded to the sidewall, the handle having at least one raised portion which is melted by ultrasonic energy and which, upon hardening, creates a permanent weld to the sidewall.
Brief Description of the Drawinas The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of 5 the present invention should become apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a container having a handle produced by the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a handle shown in FIG.
1.
FIG. 3 is a rear elevation view of a handle shown in FIG.
1.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the steps of a method embodying the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an elevational view of a process utilizing a dummy mold.
FIG. 6 is an elevational view of an alternate process utilizing a back-stop.
FIG. 7 is an elevational view of the back-stop fully inserted into the container.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Method Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a container 10 produced from a method according to the present invention. A
container body 12 as shown, was produced separately in a conventional blow molding operation. The configuration of the container body 12, as shown, is a gallon size. However, other container sizes are capable of use with the method of the present invention as well as other types of flexible packaging products. In the disclosed method, the blow molded container body 12 is made of plastic PET material, enabling it to be fully recyclable, aesthetically appealing and be utilized in hot-fill processes.
The container body 12 has a base 70 and a finish 72 connected by a sidewall 20. The sidewall 20 includes a dome 74 and a lower body portion 76. As best illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, a recess 78 is formed in the sidewall 20 and extends on both the dome 74 and tower body portion 76 a spaced distance from the base 70 and finish 72. A series of reinforcement ribs 80 are located on the lower body portion 76 below the recess 78 and on the side of the sidewall 20 opposite the recess.
A plastic attachment, or handle, 14 is formed separately from the blow molded plastic PET container body 12. The structure of the handle 14 is shown in FIGS. l, 2 and 3. The handle 14 is oval-shaped and has a wider back portion 16 than front portion 18. The back portion 16 of the handle 14 is secured to a sidewall 20 of the container shaped to engage the handle. The front portion 16 of the handle 14 which extends away from the container body 12 is narrower than the back portion 16 of the handle 14 for aesthetic purposes, as well as to allow an ultrasonic welding horn 22 (shown in FIGS. 5 and 6) to be placed across the front portion 18 to engage the back portion 16 of the handle.
The front portion 18 of the one-piece, closed-loop handle 14 has a vertically extending elongate grip portion 82 which is intended to be grasped by the user. The grip portion 82 is narrow in width and has opposite end portions 86 and 88. As shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1, the grip portion 82 has a vertical centerline and a horizontal centerline which intersect at a medial portion 84 of the grip portion 82.
The container body 12 has two positioning projections, 24 and 26, over which two locating grooves, 28 and 30, on the handle 14 are received. This structure allows for accurate placement of the handle 14 on the container sidewall 20 and prevents skewed handle placement. The container sidewall 20 also has two inwardly depending grooves, 32 best shown in FIGS.
5 and 6. The inwardly depending grooves 32 engage vertical bars, 36 and 38, extending from the rear portion 16 of the handle 14. The vertical bars 36 and 38 and the inwardly depending grooves 32 are the surfaces which mate and are bonded together to form the completed container 10.
The elongate vertically extending bars, or protrusions, 36 and 38, provide the welded connection between the handle 14 and the container body 12. As best illustrated in FIG. 2, each elongate bar, 36 and 38, consists of an integral raised portion of plastic extending from the back or rear, or securement, portion 16 toward the container body 12 and away from the grip portion 82. As best illustrated in FIG. 3, the bars, 36 and 38, are laterally spaced apart in a parallel relation. As shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, the welding horn 22 extends laterally on opposite sides of the grip portion 82 to abut the rear portion 16 opposite the elongate bars 36 and 38 to effect the weld.
Thus, the elongate bars, 36 and 38 are spaced laterally of the grip portion 82 on opposite sides thereof. The welded connection formed by the elongate bars, 36 and 38, are formed above and below the medial portion 84 and adjacent the opposite end portions, 86 and 88, of the grip portion 82.
The handle 14 is made from PET material, often utilizing in-plant scrap material. Since the handle 14 and the container body 12 are formed from similar polymers, the bond between the container sidewall 20 and the handle 14 is enhanced and creates a more recyclable total package.
Referring to FIG. 4, a process for attaching a separate PET
handle 14 to a separate blow molded plastic PET container body 12 is described. The process begins by separately forming a blow molded PET container, step 40 and PET handle, step 42, utilizing known techniques.
The handle 14 is engaged against a portion of an exterior surface of sidewall, step 44. The container sidewall 20 is flexible so that some form of back pressure must be applied to the interior surface 52, (see FIGS. 5 and 6), of the container sidewall 20 in order for an effective bond between the handle 14 and the container sidewall 20 to be formed. Therefore, the next step in the process, step 46, is to apply pressure to rigidly support the interior surface 52 of the container sidewall 20.
An ultrasonic welding horn 22 is employed to vibrate the handle and container body contacting surfaces, (i.e. vertical bars 36 and 38 on the handle and the inwardly depending grooves 32 on the containers sidewall), at approximately 20,000 cycles per second to melt the surfaces and form a bond therebetween, step 48. As stated earlier, in order to effect an efficient and strong bond, the sidewall 20 of the container body 12 and the handle 14 must be held together in a rigid fashion.
If the container sidewall 20 and the handle 14 are not held rigidly together, the container sidewall 20 will vibrate separately from the handle 14 and no bond, or only a weak bond, will form.
After the handle 14 is welded to the container body 12, the finished model is off loaded, step 50, ready for use, for instance, in a hot-fill process. An effective bond created between the container and the handle provides a bottle capable of structurally accommodating the changes in temperature and pressure in the hot-fill process. The handle attachment is precise, so that no misapplied or skewed handles occur and the aesthetics of the combination provides a superior appearance. The attachment is structurally sound and can be used even with large containers, such as gallon size containers, and support container loads even in the totally filled condition.
As stated earlier, a major problem with ultrasonic welding is that it is not effective on flexible, unsupported surfaces. The sidewall of a blow molded PET
plastic container is very flexible. The flexibility is required in order for the container to be used effectively in the hot-fill process. However, an effective bond cannot be created unless there is high contact pressure between the handle and the container sidewall. Normally, the sidewalls of a blown container are too flexible to resist this pressure and no successful bond is achieved.
To overcome this problem, one embodiment of the method of the present invention involves placing a dummy mold 54 around the exterior surface of the container body 12 prior to welding_ See FIG. 5. The container sidewall 20 is made rigid by pressurizing the container with air pressure through a valve 56 while the container is constrained by the inner surface of the dummy mold. The dummy mold is strategically designed with a port through which the handle 14, or other attachment device, is inserted. The insertion of the handle or other attachment device effectively seals off the dummy mold 54 from the outside. Therefore, when the ultrasonic welding horns 22 are activated, the air pressure produces sufficient pressure on the interior surface of the container sidewall 20 to allow the weld to be made. A
sufficient amount of pressurization has been found to range between 50 psi to 600 psi.
A second embodiment for rigidly supporting the interior surface 52 of the container sidewall 20 is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. A back-stop 58 is inserted through the container opening and extends to support the interior surface 52 of the container sidewall 20 opposite the location of handle placement. With the back-stop 58 in place, the ultrasonic welding horns 22 can be activated and enough pressure.is provided by the back-stop 58 to allow a bond to be created.
Another aspect of the invention is.the use of an ultrasonic bonding horn 22 as part of a handle delivery and positioning mechanisms. As shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, the placement of the handle 14 is done in conjunction with the positioning of appropriate ultrasonic welding horns 22. The ultrasonic welding horn 22 fits around the front portion 18 of the handle 14 and supports the back portion 16 rigidly to the container sidewall 20.
It is envisioned that the operation of attaching the handle 14 to the container body 12 will take place in a separate machine downstream from the conventional primary blow molding operation. The handle application machine is a shuttle type off-line unit with several dummy molds 54 or back-stop 58. While one of the dummy molds 54 or ..
back-stops 58 is employed in the.handle application, another one would be off loading a finished container, and another receiving a new container body. The containers would be control indexed into the dummy molds 5 54 or control indexed to receive back-stops 58. The molds or back-stops would be then shuttled through the system and returned to the start position to accept the next container.
The described process creates a structurally sound 10 container having a handle. The handle can remain securely attached even in hot-fill processes and throughout shipping and handling. The container has a superior appearance, and the package is completely recyclable. Commercial size quantities of the containers can be produced efficiently, at a minimum of expense, and with quick turnaround time.
While a preferred method and product produced by the method of the present invention has been described in detail, various modifications, alterations, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A method for ultrasonically bonding a separately-formed plastic handle to a blow-molded plastic container having a finish and a sidewall with an exterior surface and an interior surface, the finish being smaller in transverse cross-section than the sidewall to provide a closeable pouring port, comprising the steps of:
juxtaposing the separate plastic handle adjacent the blow-molded plastic container;
engaging the plastic handle against a portion of the exterior surface of the sidewall of the blow-molded plastic container;
engaging an ultrasonic horn against the plastic handle adjacent to said exterior surface portion;
applying pressure against the interior surface of the blow-molded plastic container opposite said exterior surface portion while said ultrasonic horn applies ultrasonic energy to the plastic handle, said pressure applying step includes the step of pressurizing the entire interior surface of the blow-molded plastic container to a level sufficient to make the side of the container rigid while said ultrasonic horn applies energy to said handles and confining the exterior surface of the blow-molded plastic container while said pressure is applied to the interior surface;
whereby the plastic handle is ultrasonically bonded to the plastic blow-molded container.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said confining is provided by a mold cavity having an inner surface shaped to confine the exterior surface of the plastic container.

3. A method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of depressurizing the interior surface of the container and removing the plastic container from said mold cavity.

4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said ultrasonic horn juxtaposes the plastic handle against said exterior surface portion of the plastic container.

5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said mold cavity has a port for receiving said plastic handle and said ultrasonic horn.

6. A method according to claim 5, further comprising the step of making said plastic handle and said blow molded plastic container out of a similar PET material.

7. A method for ultrasonically bonding a separately-formed plastic handle to a blow-molded plastic container having a finish and a sidewall with an exterior surface and an interior surface, the finish being smaller in transverse cross-section than the sidewall to provide a closeable pouring port, comprising the steps of:
juxtaposing the separate plastic handle adjacent the blow-molded plastic container;
engaging the plastic handle against a portion of the exterior surface of the sidewall of the blow-molded plastic container;
engaging an ultrasonic horn against the plastic handle adjacent to said exterior surface portion;
applying pressure against the interior surface of the blow-molded plastic container opposite said exterior surface portion by inserting a back-stop into the fully blown blow-molded plastic container through the finish formed in the container and locating said back-stop adjacent the interior surface of the sidewall of the blow-molded plastic container and by manipulating said backstop into pressure engagement with the interior surface of the sidewall of the blow-molded plastic container and maintaining said pressure engagement while said ultrasonic horn applies ultrasonic energy;
whereby the plastic handle is ultrasonically bonded to the plastic blow-molded container.

8. A method according to claim 7, wherein said ultrasonic horn is used to engage the plastic handle against the plastic containers.

9. A method according to claim 8, further comprising the step of removing said back-stop from the plastic container.

10. A method of ultrasonic welding a handle onto a side wall of a container, comprising the steps of:
juxtaposing the handle and the container together, the handle being manufactured out of plastic separately from the container and the container being produced from a blow mold process which completely forms the container with flexible sidewalls and a finish;
aligning the handle relative to the container in a position for attachment;
supporting the handle in an abutting manner in said position for attachment rigidly to an exterior surface portion of said flexible sidewall;
supporting rigidly an interior surface of said flexible sidewall opposite said position of attachment of the handle by placing the container in a mold cavity and pressurizing the interior surface of the container to at least about 50 psi; and welding the handle to the container by activating an ultrasonic welding device while the interior surface of the container is pressurized;
whereby undesirable deflection between said flexible sidewall and the handle is prevented to provide a strong attachment.

11. A method according to claim 10, wherein said ultrasonic welding device is used to deliver, align and support the handle against said flexible sidewall.

12. A method of ultrasonic welding a handle onto a sidewall of a container, comprising the steps of:

juxtaposing the handle and the container together, the handle being manufactured out of plastic separately from the container and the container being produced from a blow mold process which completely forms the container with flexible sidewalls and a finish;
aligning the handle relative to the container in a position for attachment;
supporting the handle in an abutting manner in said position for attachment rigidly to an exterior surface portion of said flexible sidewall;
supporting rigidly an interior surface of said flexible sidewall opposite said position of attachment of the handle by inserting a back-stop through the finish of the container and after said insertion, manipulating said back-stop into engagement with said interior surface of said flexible sidewall and maintaining said back-stop against said interior surface; and welding the handle to the container by activating an ultrasonic welding device while said interior surface is supported by said back-stop;
whereby undesirable deflection between said flexible sidewall and the handle is prevented to provide a strong attachment.

13. A container and handle, comprising:
a blow-molded plastic container body having a sidewall; and a separately formed one-piece plastic handle permanently welded to said sidewall, said handle having at least one raised portion which is melted by ultrasonic energy and which, upon hardening, creates a permanent weld to said sidewall.

14. A container and handle according to claim 13, wherein said handle has a grip portion with a medial portion.

15. A container and handle according to claim 14, wherein said handle is welded to said sidewall at locations above and below said medial portion of said grip portion.

16. A container and handle according to claim 14, wherein said handle is welded to said sidewall at locations on opposite lateral sides of said medial portion of said grip portion.

17. A container and handle according to claim 14, wherein said handle is welded to said sidewall at locations above and below and on opposite lateral sides of said medial portion of said grip portion.

18. A container and handle according to claim 13, wherein said handle has a plurality of raised portions which are laterally spaced apart and ultrasonically welded to said sidewall.

19. A container and handle according to claim 18, wherein said raised portions are elongate and extend above, below and on opposite lateral sides relative to a medial portion of said handle.

20. A container and handle according to claim 13, wherein said handle has a rear portion engagable against said sidewall of said container and a front portion spaced from said rear portion and having a grip portion narrower in width than said rear portion, whereby said grip portion is adapted to be grasped by placement of a user's fingers around the grip portion and between said front and rear portions of said handle.

21. A container and handle according to claim 20, wherein said front and rear portions are integrally interconnected to form a closed loop.

22. A container and handle according to claim 20, wherein said at least one raised portion extends from said rear portion in a direction away from said grip portion.

23. A container and handle according to claim 22, wherein said at least one raised portion is located in a position on said rear portion lateral of said grip portion.

24. A container and handle according to claim 20, wherein a pair of spaced apart raised portions are located on said rear portion laterally of said grip portion on opposite sides thereof.

25. A container and handle according to claim 24, wherein said grip portion has a medial portion and wherein a pair of said spaced apart raised portions are welded to said sidewall at locations above and below said medial portion of said grip portion.

26. A container and handle combination, comprising:
a blow-molded plastic container body having a base and a finish connected by a sidewall; and a separately-formed one-piece plastic handle having a rear portion engaging said sidewall a spaced distance from said finish and said base, said rear portion having at least one raised portion extending therefrom which is melted by ultrasonic energy and which, upon hardening, creates a permanent weld to said sidewall.

27. A container and handle combination according to claim 26, wherein said at least one raised portion includes an elongate bar.

28. A container and handle combination according to claim 27, wherein said handle has a pair of elongate vertically extending bars which extend above and below a medial portion of said handle.

29. A container and handle combination according to claim 28, wherein said pair of elongate vertically extending bars are laterally spaced from said grip portion on opposite sides thereof.

30. A container having a separate handle welded thereto, comprising:
a blow-molded container body having a sidewall;
a separately formed handle having a grip portion spaced from said sidewall and a securement portion engaged with said sidewall; and at least a pair of integrally raised protrusions on said securement portion which are melted by ultrasonic energy and which, upon hardening, create a permanent weld to said sidewall at spaced locations relative to said grip portion.

31. A container according to claim 30, wherein said spaced locations are lateral of said grip portion on opposite sides thereof.

32. A container according to claim 31, wherein said grip portion has opposite vertical ends and said spaced locations are at said opposite vertical ends of said grip portion.

33. A container according to claim 32, wherein said spaced locations are provided by spaced parallel bar protrusions.

34. A method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, wherein the step of pressurizing the entire interior of the blow-molded container is to a level of at least about 50 psi.