CA2227618A1 - Structured surface light extraction overlay and illumination system - Google Patents
Structured surface light extraction overlay and illumination system Download PDFInfo
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- CA2227618A1 CA2227618A1 CA002227618A CA2227618A CA2227618A1 CA 2227618 A1 CA2227618 A1 CA 2227618A1 CA 002227618 A CA002227618 A CA 002227618A CA 2227618 A CA2227618 A CA 2227618A CA 2227618 A1 CA2227618 A1 CA 2227618A1
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- light
- overlay
- light guide
- base surface
- optically
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type the light being emitted along at least a portion of the lateral surface of the fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2817—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using reflective elements to split or combine optical signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0055—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
Abstract
A light extraction overlay (10) for extracting light from a desired location on a light guide (30) includes a substantially optically transparent substrate (14) which has a base surface (14) and a structured surface (16) opposite the base surface (14). The structured surface (16) includes optical elements (18) which have optically smooth surfaces (20, 22) disposed at an angle relative to the base surface (14). Preferably, the optical elements (18) are coated with a specularly reflective material. The optical elements (18) may be separated by substantially planar portions (24) of the structured surface (16). In use, the base surface (14) is optically coupled with a portion of a surface of a light guide (30) such that light may be transmitted from the optical fiber (30) into the substrate (12). Light rays which strike a planar portion (24) of the structured surface (16) are reflected back into the fiber (30) at an angle which is greater than the critical angle necessary for continued propagation in the light guide (30) and, accordingly, continue to propagate along the optical fiber (30). Light rays which strike an optical element (18) are reflected into the fiber (30) at an angle less than the critical angle necessary for continued propagation in the light guide (30) and, accordingly, are transmitted from the surface of the light guide (30).
Description
-W O 9710849~ PCT~US96/11203 STRUCTURED SURFACE
LIG~T EXTRACTION OVlERLAY
AND ILLUMINATION SYSTEM
I IELD OF THE DWENTION
The present invention relates to ii~ ;oll systems. In particular, the presentillv~llliol~ relates to an overlay having a structured surface for ~A~l~.iLing light from a light guide and to an ili.. ;.. ~;on system employing the same.
BACKGROUND
Optical fibers include a core, generally of an inorganic glass or a synthetic plastic resin, and may include a c~ 1ing m~t~ri~l which has a lower refractive index s than the core material. Light hlje ted into an end ofthe optical fiber propagates through the fiber core accol dh.g to the principles of total internal reflection. The ~fficiency of propagation lLI ougl~ the optical fiber core is pl .~pOI lional to the difrel ence between the I ~,L~ellve index of the optical fiber core and the refractive index of the cladding. Accol dil.gly, the effi-~ien~y of propagation increases as the d;rrel ence 20 b~ ~cw~ the refractive index ofthe core and the refractive index ofthe ç~ ljng ;I.CLeaSeS.
Optical fibers used in the comm~m;G~tions industry typically measure belw~en about 0.1 millimett~r and 1.5 millimeter. In practice, a plurality of optical fibers may be bl~n~lled together to form a fiber optic cable. Each fiber in the cable is capable of 2s lln-.~.";~ ,g light in an independent fashion. Accordingly, such b~nr3linP. of optical fibers is considered desirable for data ~ ccion purposes such as, for example, in the ele~ and tele~cGllllllul-e~tions industry.
Optical fiber may also be used as a colllpollent of an il1~lmin~tion device or system. Light may be injected into one end of an optical fiber and allowed to exit the 30 fiber at a predetc.lllined position along the fiber. Techniques for encouraging light to ,. exit the fiber include subjecting the fiber to lelaliv~ly sharp bends, generally known as microbends (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,171,844; 4,885,663; 4,907,132; German Patent No.
3801385) and removing and/or roupl.~ g a portion ofthe optical fiber core or i~ to provide a diffuse surface which allows light to escape (French Pat. No.
_ W O 97/08490 PCTrUS96/11203 2626381; J~p~nFse Utility Model Regis~- ~lion Nos. 62-9205; 62-9206). Each of these techniques are çccçnti~lly passive extraction techniques which allow light to leak from an optical fiber in an uncG~ olled fashion. U.S. Patent No. 5,432,876 ('876 Patent) is directed toward an optical fiber having a plurality of reflecting surfaces formed in the s core of the optical fiber which reflect, in a radial direction, a portion of the light p.up~ ;..g axially through the fiber such that it exits the fiber in a radial direction.
The invention described in the '876 Patent calls for a permanent alteration ofthe core ofthe optical fiber which is pl~r~;ldbly p~lr,lll,cd during the m~nllf~ctllrjng process.
SUMMARY OF TEE INVENTION
The present invention provides an overlay for extracting light from a light guide. Plt;rel~bly, an overlay in accordance with the present invention incl~lcles a s~l,s~ lly optically Ll~lsparelll substrate having a base surface and a structured surface inclurling a plurality of optical elP!m~ntc opposite the base surface. At least one lS optical Pk~ ..l and preferably a majority ofthe optical ~1e.~"le, has a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative to the base surface of the overlay such that, in use, a portion of the light inr;de.nt on the base surface of the overlay is rçflected from the optically smooth surface and exits the overlay from the base surface at an angle which is less than the angle of inr;dçnce A second aspect of the present invention is directed toward a light distributionsystem colll~l ;sh~g a light guide for transporting light and at least one light extraction overlay inrl.ltlir~ a substrate having a base surface and a structured surface opposite the base surface for extracting light from the light guide optically coupled with a portion ofthe surface ofthe light guide. In a p~felled embo-liment the light guide 2s coll.l.lises an optical fiber, and even more ple~l~bly a large di~ tel (e.g. > 1.0 millimeters) optical fiber, for ll~u apOI~ ? light. The base surface ofthe lightextraction overlay is optically coupled with a portion of the surface of the light guide such that light may be ~ ed from the light guide into the substrate. The structured surface inrl~ldes at least one optical elemrnt which has a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative to the base surface such that lightll~..C. ..;1 led from the light guide into the substrate may be r~flected from the optical W O 97/08~90 PCT~US96/11203 e~ and extracted from a surface of the light guide at a location displaced from the overlay.
A further aspect ofthe present invention is directed toward an i1111min~tion system which inrludps a light source and a light guide optically cou~led with said light S source for ll ~Ul~J(il li"g light from said light source and at least one light extraction overlay optically cvl ple~ with a portion ofthe surface ofthe light guide. In a plerti"ed embodiment, the light guide cGlnlJl;ses an optical fiber, and even more prt:îel~bly a large ~i~met~r (e.g. > 1.0 mill;...~t~ ,) optical fiber, for II~U1S~)G~ -g light. The base surface of the light extraction overlay is optically coup1~d with a portion of the surface 0 ofthe light guide such that light may be l,~ ed from the light guide into the sul~s~ e. The structured surface inc1~ es at least one optical e1~ which has a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative to the base surface such that light ~ e~ from the light guide into the ~ubsl~le may be r~flected from the optical c1e..~ and extracted from a surface ofthe light guide at a location displaced lS from the overlay.
Yet another aspect ofthe present invention is dil- ~ led toward providing a mPthod for p[~illg a light guide to distribute light to predetermined regions ~ cent the light guide. In accol-l~lcG with the present invention, at least one desired portion of said light guide is s~le.,led from which light plop~P~ g Ihluugll said light guide is 20 to be extracted. Next, a light extraction overlay is con~-e- Iecl to the light guide along a desired portion of said light guide such that the base surface of the light extraction overlay is optically coupled with the light ll~ c~;~re portion ofthe light guide.
Accoldhlgly, when light is i";e~,led into the light guide, some portion ofthe light pl~p~g~ .g along the light guide is extracted at the desired 1Oç~tiQn BRIEF DESCRIPIION OF TEIE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a pe,~e~ re view of one embodiment of a structured surface light extraction overlay in accordallce with principles of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a sr~ ;c cross-sectio~ view of a structured surface light 30 extraction overlay in col~ .-,l;on with a light guide illustrating the opel~lillg principles of a light extraction overlay in acco,d~lce with the present invention;
W O 97/08490 PCTrUS96/11203 Fig. 3 is a sc~ ;c, cross-sectionAI view of an alternate embodiment of a structured surface light cAII..clioll overlay in co.~ c~;on with a light guide illu~ Lng its op~ g, prinl~ipl~
Fig. 4isap~ ,e~ eviewofanill. ~ AI ionsystemh~col~,ol~L,lgastructured s surface light extraction overlay in acco~ance with p,inciples ofthe present invention;
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectiQn~l view, taken along the longitu(lin~l axis, of a portion of the optical fiber depicted in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectiQn~1 view, taken in a plane p~ cn~ic~ r to the longihl-linAI axis, of a portion of the optical fiber depicted in Fig. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention is directed toward a light extraction overlay which, when used in con,bin~lion with a light guide, provides a highly çfficiçnt ...cçl~A.~icm for CAII~._lillg light from a desired location or locations on a light guide. An overlay in lS accoldance with the present invention is readily adaptable to extract a desired quantity of light from a given area of a light guide. Additionally, an overlay in accoldallce with the present invention may easily be adapted to distribute extracted light into a desired energy pattern or distribution. While several specific embodim~ntc of the invention are des~"il,cd herein, many ~d~ition~l v~ tionc obvious to one of oidin&,y skill in the 20 optical arts are contPmpl~ted by the present invention.
One ~ y embodiment of an overlay in acco,~I~-ce with the present invention con~p,ises a substantially optically l,~u~sp~enl :,.lbsl,~te m~mlf~lred from a suitable plastic material which p,ere,dbly measures belween about .05 mill;...ele.~ and 1.5 millim~t~rs in th;~l~n~ss The substrate inrl~ldec a base surface and a structured 2S surface opposite the base surface. The base surface preferably in~ des an optically clear bondin~ ...e~h~ ... for optically col-plir~ the overlay to an optical waveguide such as, for ~ le an optical fiber. The structured surface preferably incl~ldes a plurality of optical elem~ntc which may be sepalalcd by a ~lbs~ ;Ally planar optically smooth surface. Each optical el- .. l defines a first optically smooth surface and a 30 second surface in the substrate. Each optically smooth surface is disposed at an angle of appl o~ Fly 40 to 50 degrees with the base surface, and preferably at an angle of W O 97/08490 PCT~US96/11203 applox;...,.lPly 45 degrees with the sub~llate. Preferably, the first and second side surfaces ofthe optical ~l~.."~ are coated with a specularly reflective sub~l~n~e.
As used herein, the term optically smooth surface shall refer to a surface whichfi....l.l;Ql~.c to reflect inrid~nt light sper,l~lorly. In accoldallce with the present invention, s a portion of the light reflected from the optical ~ 1 is . ~di~ ed into the light guide at an angle which is less than the critical angle nFcr ,~ -. y for continued propagation along the fiber accordil~g to the p.ill.,iple ~ of total internal reflection.
Optically smooth sll~fir~es are to be ~ chPd from diffusive surfaces, which allow light to leak from an optical fiber.
0 In use, the base surface of the overlay is optically coupled to a light guide. A
portion of the light prop~gPtinE~ through the light guide is ~ ed across the base surface of the overlay and propagates through the optically clear ~ubs~ e. A first portion of the light l~rop~ ;..g through the substrate strikes one of the optically smooth s~lrfPces of an optical el~ and is reflected at an angle less than the critical lS angle for the light guide, thereby dire~ the light out of the light guide. Provided the structured surface in~ des an optically smooth surface which is ~ubs~ y parallel to the base surface, a second portion of the light prop~g~tin~ through the overlay strikes this portion of the structured surface and is reflected back into the waveguide at an angle greater than the critical angle and, the.eîo-~, continneS to propagate through the 20 light guide.
Adv~nt~r,~ .ly, a light di;,l. ibulion system CollllJIiSillg a co- ~ ~l i..~l ion of a light guide and at least one light extraction overlay allows for the selective extraction of light from a desired location or loc~tionc on a light guide, thereby providing i..lproved flexibility over ~.;cl;l)~ optical fiber ill~ ;otl systems. ~ ition~lly, light extraction 2S Ov~;lla~;~ in accor.l~lce with the present invention may be deP;~l-ed such that, when used in co...bh~alion with a light guide of a ple3Fle~,led shape, light is extracted with a predetc...li.~ed, desired energy distribution pattern.
Fig. 1 depicts a portion of one embodim~nt of a light extraction overlay 10 in accordauce with p-~ ,;pl~ ofthe present invention. Overlay 10 is formed from a 30 sul,s~ ;Ally optically lla-ls~ .-l substrate 12 and has a base surface 14 and a structured surface 16 opposite base surface 14. Structured surface 16 in~ d~s at least one, and p-efelably a plurality of optical elem~ont~ 18 formed therein. Each optical W O 97/08490 PCT~US96/11203 in~ eS at least one optically smooth surface 20. While not necçc~ ~ y, optical e~ l s 18 are p. ~,f~ bly sepa,~led by a subsl~"lially planar portion 24 of structured surface 16.
The basic principles of operation of light extractor overlay 10 may be illustrated s with reference to Fig. 2. Fig. 2 p~,s_.lls a sr~ ..Al;c cross-sectionAl view of a light extraction overlay 10 ~lbs~ I;A1IY as de~ ~ ~e ~ in Fig. 1 in operative contact with a light guide 30. As illustrated, base surface 14 of overlay 10 is optically col r~ with the surface 32 of light guide 30. In use, light ray 40 is l~,.n~ led across the interface b~ ,en light guide 30 and base surface 14 of light extraction overlay 10 and strikes a 10 s~ .l;Ally planar portion 24 of structured surface 16, where it is reflected back into light guide 30 at an angle greater than the critical angle of light guide 30 andaccordillgly, continlles to propagate along light guide 30. By contrast, light ray 42 is ed across the interface b~ ,n Iight guide 30 and base surface 14 of light extraction overlay 10 and strikes an optically smooth surface 20 of optical element 18 15 which is disposed at an angle relative to the plane of base surface 14. Accor.li"~t;ly, light ray 42 is rçflected from optically smooth surface 20 into light guide 30 and strikes a surface of light guide 30 at an angle which is less than the critical angle nçcess ~. y for continued propagation along light guide 30, thereby allowing light ray 42 to be n~ ed from the surface of light guide 30. ~l~ft;-~bly, optically smooth surface 20 is coated with a specularly reflective material such as, for ~YAmplç, ~l.. ";.. " or silver.
It will be apprtcialed by one of Oldillaly skill in the optical arts that the characteristics (e.g. Iength, width, th:~lrn~cc, shape and size of optical elem~nt.~ etc.) of overlay 10 may vary widely de~e~ g upon the requi.e.nenls of the particular application. For example, the shape, the cross-sectional area, and the angle of 2s il~ Al;on (relative to the base surface) of each optically smooth surface will inflll~n~e the amount of light e ,l-acled from the fiber. Con~eqll~ntly~ the amount and direction of light reflected from the fiber can be controlled by s~lecting the applol,-iale geometry for optical ~l~m~nt~ 18, as well as the pattern and spacing ofthe optical Pl ...~..1$ 18.
Additionally, it will be appre~;dled by one of ordinary skill in the optical arts that the 30 optical pl opc. Iies of overlay 10 may be co---billed with the optical pl Op~ lies of a light guide to yield an optical system with desired p. upe- lies. For example, an overlay in accordance with the present invention may take advantage of the optical power provided by the curved surface of an optical fiber to focus extracted light into a desired energy di~llil)ulion.
In the embodiment dericted in Fig. 2, optically smooth surface 20 of optical e~ 1 18 is ilu~ ed at an angle of appr~ tply 45 degrees relative to base surfaces 14, although it will be a~ple~,ialed that angles from 10 degrees to 80 degrees, J plefci.2,bly from 20 degrees to 70 degrees, and more ~r~f~,.~ly from 30 degrees to 60 degrees are also useful depending upon the desired amount and direction of travel of light exiting the light guide. However, any useful angle between 0 degrees and 90 degrees may be used.
0 Optical ~ .. l 18 may also have a second optically smooth surface 22 for rPflP,ctirg light prop~g~ting through light guide 30 in a direction opposite that illustrated by light rays 40, 42. Second optically smooth surface 22 depicted in Fig. 2 is also ;". ~ A at an angle of applo,c;...~lely 45 degrees relative to the plane of base surface 14, however, it will be apprec;aled that second optically smooth surface 22 lS may be inclined at any useful angle angle me~ -ri~ b~lweell 0 and 90 degrees. It will also be applec;aled that an optical ~l~ .. -.l may have more than two optically smooth surfaces. For PY~mp'~, optical el~ 18 could include a trihedral or a hemispherical depl~,s~ion in structured surface 16. ~Adition~lly~ it will be appre-,ialed that structured surface 16 could include optical ~l~n.c ~ls which protrude from the plane ofthe 20 structured surface.
Light which is inc;~lpnt on optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 at an angle lessthan the critical angle will be ll n~ ed ~IIl uugll optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22.
One of ordi,l&,y skill in the optical arts will recognize that if optically smooth s~ ces 20 and 22 are not coated with a specularly rPflected ~lb~ c~~ then light which is 2s lln~ led through these surfaces will be refracted from overlay 10 in a highlydirectional manner. Empirical testing using a large d;n..~ 4r optical fiber as a light guide has inAi~te~A, that light which is refracted from optical surfaces such as 20 and 22 is lln..~ ed from the fiber in an exit cone with an angular spread measuring between 27 and 30 degrees from the longitl~Ain~l axis of the optical fiber. This tr~ncmi~ion may 30 be desirable for some applications where the objective is to extract light from the optical fiber in a narrow cone such as, for example, pavement ll~alhing applications.
W O 97/08490 PCT~US96/11203 To inhibit the l.nn~ ;ol~ of light from optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 of optical c~ 18, they may be coated with a specularly reflective material such as, for p'e, an ~1.. ;.. ~., or silver based composition. Accordingly, light rays whichstrike optically smooth s~lrf~c~ 20 and 22 will be speclllArly r~-flected f s The entire structured surface 16 of overlay 10 could be coated with a speclll~rly reflective m~t~ri~l by co~e-~1;on~l processes known in the art such as, for . le vapor coating or CI~Ç " ~AI deposition processes. However, coating the entire structured surface with a speclll~rly reflective material reduces the çffi~iency of propagation along the light guide ~e ~ e light rays striking a planar portion 24 of structured surface 16 will suffer absorptive losses to the speclll~rly reflective material.
Such absorptive losses may be undesirable, especially in situations which require light to be transported across relatively long diet~nces To ensure both highly effic;~nt propagation and highly ~fficiçnt light extraction, it is desirable that planar surface 24 reflect light acco--li"g to the plinciples oftotal lS internal reflection while optically smooth :iu~races 20 and 22 reflect light accolding to the principles of speclllAr r~flecflon To achieve this, optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 may be coated with a specularly reflective material while leaving planar surface 24 u--l-~dlcd by m~ in~ or otherwise treating planar surfaces 24 during the m~nllf~ lring process. Accoldingly, light in-~idçnt upon planar surfaces 24 at greater than the critical angle undergoes total internal reflection while light in~;dçnt upon optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 undergoes .speclll~r reflection from the spec~ rly reflective coating matenal.
An alternative construction for an overlay in accordance with the present invention which provides for total internal reflection along planar portions of the 2s structured surface and speclll~r reflection from optical elçm~nt~ is s~ lly d ~icted in Fig. 3. The structured surface 12 of an overlay 10 in accordal~ce with the present invention is provided with a thin coating layer 26 of a sul~sl~ lly optically l,~-~c.-l material having an index of refraction less than the index of refraction of ~ubsl~le 12. Fluoropolymers such as, for e,~alllple, a fluorinated ethylene-propylene based materials have a rclalively low refractive index (e.g. 1.34) and are well suited for use as a first coating layer 26. Other suitable materials include polyvinylidene fluoride (refractive index 1.42), perfluoroacrylate (refractive index 1.35) and W O 97/08490 PCT~US96/11203 polyk;Ll~lluoroethylene (refractive index 1.40).While the th ~~nf~ of coating layer 26 is not critical, coating layer 26 should be at least one wavelc~lh thick and preferably .nfas.llfsbel~.ffn ~o~ .25 m: vns and 10 microns.
~ A second coating layer 28 ~ bly cOIl~plis;llg a spec -l~rly reflective s s~ ce such as, for ~ , silver or ~I...~.;...~.n, may be deposited on first coating layer 26 by any convention~l method known to the art such as, for t;,.~l,ple, vapor deposition or sputter coating methods. Again, ~ltho~ h the thi- ~nes~ of second coating layer 28is not critical, second coating layer 28 should be of a thirl~n~s s~ffi~i~nt to make the surface s~b ,1~ lly opaque. Preferably, second coating layer 10 28lll~ lt;sb~ .25llliclulls and 10 Illi~iluns in th;~l~ness An optional thirdcoating layer (not shown) may be added to provide a protective seal to inhibit degradation (e.g. oxidation, s~ rl~ " wear) of the specularly reflective layer. The third layer may co.n~l;se any material suitable to protect the specularly reflective m~t~ri~l in the second layer. Fluoropolymers such as, for e,~llple, a fluo,inalf d lS ethylene-propylene based materials are well suited for use as a third coating layer.
Operation of the emborliment depicted in Fig. 3 is illustrated by light rays 40 and 42. Light ray 40 is lln~ d from light guide 30 across base surface 14 andstrikes a planar portion 24 of structured surface 16. Because the refractive index of the second coating layer is less than the refractive index of substrate 12, light ray 40 it 20 is r~flected back into light guide 30 according to the principles of total internal r~flection and continues to propagate along light guide 30. By contrast, light ray 42 is n~ ed from light guide 30 across base surface 14 and strikes an optically smoothsurface 20 of optical ele-..- -~ 18 on structured surface 16. Because the in~;df n~e angle of light ray 42 ~ - ceedc the critical angle for total internal r~flectiQn, light ray 42 is 2s 11i n~ ed into first coating layer 26, and is specularly rf lle~,~ed from second coating layer 28 back into light guide 30 at an angle which is less than the critical angle required for total internal r~-flecfion in light guide30. Accoldingly, light ray 42 is Il ..n ~. . ~;1 l~d from the surface of light guide 30 at the location where reflected light ray 42 strikes the surface of light guide 30.
Nulllerous variations of and modific~tionc to the structures speçiffc~lly ~lic~l~sed herein will be obvious to one of ordillaly skill in the optical arts. The following of variations and mnrlifirntions are ~ . ?1 ~ y and are not intf~,nrled to be :.";~
(a) The angle of ;...~ n of optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22, relative to base surface 14, may be altered to change the path of reflected light;
s (b) The depth of optical ~1~ . "f .~1 c 18 may be incieased or decl eased to effect the removal of relali~,ely more or less light, r~,sye~ ely, from light guide 30;
(c) The depth at any given point along optical Pl~mPnt 18 may vary (e.g. a con-~ depth ~1F-"~ a linearly ~ AI~g;~g depth Flr-~l- ~-1 a quadraticly rh~ngingdepth) to produce optically smooth surfaces having differing shapes;
(d) Overlay 10 may i.,co-~,o-ale a plurality of optical ~1~ "~.. 1~ which differ in at least one of the following characteristics: depth, width, number of optically smooth surfaces, angle of inrlin~tion of optically smooth surfaces relative to base surface;
(e) Optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 may also be curved to provide lS optical power, or focus, to the rPflected light exiting light guide 30;
(f) Optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 may be sep~ed by a planar surface;
(g) The ~ ce be~ optical Pk-..~ lc, cc,--~ onding to the length of the planar portions ofthe structured surface may be decreased to a 1..;l.;...~.. of 20 ~ccf~nti:~lly zero mill;.. ~~t~- :. to ;,l~i-.,ase the amount of light extracted by the overlay or may be inc,eascd to reduce the amount of light extracted by the overlay;
(h) The tlict~nce bel~ n optical Plempnt~ may be con~L~-~L or may vary, depPntling upon the application.
An illl..l.;n~;on system incl~l~3in~ a light extraction overlay in accord2nce with 2s the present invention will be ~ !r;..cd in greater detail with reference to Figs. 4-6.
Fig. 4 is a scl~ ir, depiction of an il~ AI;on system inr~ ling a light source 50 and an optical fiber 52 optically col~pled with light source S0. Light source 50 may be any light source suitable for inje.;li.lg light into optical fiber 52. A comm- nly used light source is a metal halide lamp or t Ing~tPn-halogen lamp. A light extraction overlay 60 30 in acco-d~ce with the present invention is optically coupled with a portion of the length of optical fiber 52 for extracting a portion of the light prop~g~ting along optical fiber 52.
W O 97/08490 11 PCT~US96/11203 Fig. 5 pl~,s~ds a cross-sectiQn~l view along a long~ riin~l axis, similar to Figs 2 and 3, of light extraction overlay 60 in coop~.alion with optical fiber 52. Fig. 6 pr~seills a cross-sectiQr~l view of overlay 60 and optical fiber 52 through a plane applc,x;...~P,ly p~ ,n~ sr to the l~ng)hl~in~l axis of optical fiber 52. Optical fiber s 52 in~ es an optical fiber core 54 formed from an optically ~ re m ~tPri~Optical fiber core 54 may co~ i3e any sl-ita~'e optical fiber known to the art, in~ lin~ both hlol~ic glass and ~.~ ic resin fibers, ~hllou~h core materials having a lef;a~ re index offrom 1.4 to 1.66 are generally prcrc;llcd. Common m~tPri~lc include polylllc;LL~l...e~l 7~rylate and polyc~lJollale. Optical fiber 52 further incl~ldP$ a 10 rl~ ing layer 56 formed from a material having a lower refractive index than the optical fiber core 54. Cl~d~lin~ 56 serves to protect optical fiber core 52 and enables light to be II-A~ ed through optical fiber core 52 accordillg to the principles of total intemal reflecti~n The r1a(~dins~ (where present) may cnmrri~e any suitable material known in the art having a refractive index appro~liale for the chosen core m~t~ri~l lS Common materials for optical fiber c'-1din~ include polyvinylidene fluoride (refractive index 1.42), perfluoroacrylate (refractive index 1.35) and polytetrafuloroethylene (refractive index 1.40). It will be ulld~ ood by those of Ol dill&ly skill in the optical arts that optical fibers may include ~d~1ition~l protective j~ ting layers. Additionally, it will be und~ ood by those of olJindly skill in the optical arts that an optical fiber 20 does not require a ~ 1ing layer.
The J;.. enc ons ofthe optical fiber may vary dep~n~ upon their int~nded use. For cA~ lc, for i~ ;on ~ullJGses~ fiber lengths ranging from 0 to 100 meters are p.es_.,lly c~ c;ally useful. Improved optical .offi~i~ncy would allow for the use of longer optical fibers. For ill.. ;.. ~ n l~ull~oses, fibers having a di~meter 2s lallgin~, from apl)roxi~Ately 1 mm to 25 mm are pl~,se.llly known to be useful.
However it will be apple~,;dled that fibers having lesser or greater ~ ele~ ~ are col-lv...pk~ed by the present invention. Additionally, while the fiber depicted in Fig. 5 has a circular cros sec:l;oll, it will be apprec;aled that optical fibers having varied cross-sectiQn~l shapes (e.g. le~lh~ r, square, elliptical) find applic~tion in the field 30 of ilh~ Al;Q~ The present invention is equally applicable to fibers of any cross-section~l shape.
W O 97/08490 12 PCT~US96/11203 Rer~llhlg to Figs. S and 6, a portion of cl~1ding 56 is removed and light extraction overlay 60 is optically coupled with a portion of the surface of optical fiber core 54 Removal of cl~d~ling 56 may be accomrli~hed by conventional .llecl~AnicAl or ~h~m:-~l processes. ~IternAtively, optical fiber 52 may be m~n1-fAct~1red with portions S of r' ~1rli~ 54 missing at predete",.ined locations along its length. The base surface of overlay 60 is optically coL ~ le d to optical fiber core 52 using conventional chemical or ~--e~ ;CA1 processes. For c~llp1e, optically clear adhesives in~ ing acrylate l,~u,~rdr adhesives are particularly useful and are commercially available.
In use, light from light source 50 is injected into optical fiber 52 and propagates lO axially along the length of optical fiber 52 accG,di"g to the principles of total internal reflection. The refractive index of overlay 60 is at least as great as, and preferably equal to, the refractive index of optica1 fiber core 52. Accordingly, light rays may be ed into overlay 60 and fall inr;dPnt on structured surface 62 of overlay 60. As tii~cussecl above, light rays which strike an optically smooth surface 66 of an optical p1~ .. 1 64 are reflected back into optical fiber 52 at an angle which is less than the critical angle nr~cess~y for continued propagation along optical fiber 52 and are Ll~ ed from the surface optical fiber 52. Fig. 6 illustrates one manner in which an overlay 60 in cooperation with an optical fiber 52 distributes light across a wide energy pattern. Fig. 6 illustrates the path of four separate light rays, 40, 42, 44, 46 reflected 20 from four sep~le points on an optically smooth surface 66 of overlay 60. The four sep~ ~l~ rays are rçflected through the fiber to form an output cone of light which has an angular distribution.
Fig. 6 ignores the effects of refraction upon light rays 40, 42, 44, 46 as they propagate from optical fiber core 54 into ç1~~tling 56 and then into the ambient2s surro11n~ing~, p,e~u"~ably air or water. It will be readily app,eciaLed by one of oldin~y skill in the optical arts that, for the embodiment depicted in Fig. 6, refraction will tend to narrow the output cone of light exiting optical fiber 52; that is, the surface of optical fiber 52 acts as a lens. Additionally, it will be apprec;aled that the cross-sectional shape of optical fiber may be ~I-An~.ed to alter the optical characteristics of 30 the output cone.
An overlay in acco-.lance with the present invention may be mAm-fAct1-red using conventional mAn11fAct11ring processes known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
wo 97/08490 PCTAUS96/11203 13 For I ~ A."ple, a mold which is a negative of the desired structured surface may be m~m~f~ct---ed using diamond m~ ining processes to produce an optical finish. Themold may then be used in conventinal mf-kling processes to form the structured surface on the optical ll~ls~ substrate. Acceptable mn~-lin~ processes include s col~lples~;on molding, injection m~kli~ embossing, or coining. To achieve m~mlf~ ring çf~;ri~nlie5 parts may be molded in sheets which are s~ lly larger than the desired final product and individual overlays may be cut from the sheet using conv~ntion~l die cutting plocesses. ~ ion~l layers may be deposited on the structured surface of either the sheet or of the individual overlays using col,vt;.lLional o processes.
While a preÇ~ ;d embodiment of the present invention and several altemative embo~im~nt~ have been described so as to enable one skilled in the art to practice the techniques of the present invention, the preceding description is intended to bepl~ y and should not be used to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the lS invention should be determined only by Icf~,-e,lce to the following claims.
:
LIG~T EXTRACTION OVlERLAY
AND ILLUMINATION SYSTEM
I IELD OF THE DWENTION
The present invention relates to ii~ ;oll systems. In particular, the presentillv~llliol~ relates to an overlay having a structured surface for ~A~l~.iLing light from a light guide and to an ili.. ;.. ~;on system employing the same.
BACKGROUND
Optical fibers include a core, generally of an inorganic glass or a synthetic plastic resin, and may include a c~ 1ing m~t~ri~l which has a lower refractive index s than the core material. Light hlje ted into an end ofthe optical fiber propagates through the fiber core accol dh.g to the principles of total internal reflection. The ~fficiency of propagation lLI ougl~ the optical fiber core is pl .~pOI lional to the difrel ence between the I ~,L~ellve index of the optical fiber core and the refractive index of the cladding. Accol dil.gly, the effi-~ien~y of propagation increases as the d;rrel ence 20 b~ ~cw~ the refractive index ofthe core and the refractive index ofthe ç~ ljng ;I.CLeaSeS.
Optical fibers used in the comm~m;G~tions industry typically measure belw~en about 0.1 millimett~r and 1.5 millimeter. In practice, a plurality of optical fibers may be bl~n~lled together to form a fiber optic cable. Each fiber in the cable is capable of 2s lln-.~.";~ ,g light in an independent fashion. Accordingly, such b~nr3linP. of optical fibers is considered desirable for data ~ ccion purposes such as, for example, in the ele~ and tele~cGllllllul-e~tions industry.
Optical fiber may also be used as a colllpollent of an il1~lmin~tion device or system. Light may be injected into one end of an optical fiber and allowed to exit the 30 fiber at a predetc.lllined position along the fiber. Techniques for encouraging light to ,. exit the fiber include subjecting the fiber to lelaliv~ly sharp bends, generally known as microbends (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,171,844; 4,885,663; 4,907,132; German Patent No.
3801385) and removing and/or roupl.~ g a portion ofthe optical fiber core or i~ to provide a diffuse surface which allows light to escape (French Pat. No.
_ W O 97/08490 PCTrUS96/11203 2626381; J~p~nFse Utility Model Regis~- ~lion Nos. 62-9205; 62-9206). Each of these techniques are çccçnti~lly passive extraction techniques which allow light to leak from an optical fiber in an uncG~ olled fashion. U.S. Patent No. 5,432,876 ('876 Patent) is directed toward an optical fiber having a plurality of reflecting surfaces formed in the s core of the optical fiber which reflect, in a radial direction, a portion of the light p.up~ ;..g axially through the fiber such that it exits the fiber in a radial direction.
The invention described in the '876 Patent calls for a permanent alteration ofthe core ofthe optical fiber which is pl~r~;ldbly p~lr,lll,cd during the m~nllf~ctllrjng process.
SUMMARY OF TEE INVENTION
The present invention provides an overlay for extracting light from a light guide. Plt;rel~bly, an overlay in accordance with the present invention incl~lcles a s~l,s~ lly optically Ll~lsparelll substrate having a base surface and a structured surface inclurling a plurality of optical elP!m~ntc opposite the base surface. At least one lS optical Pk~ ..l and preferably a majority ofthe optical ~1e.~"le, has a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative to the base surface of the overlay such that, in use, a portion of the light inr;de.nt on the base surface of the overlay is rçflected from the optically smooth surface and exits the overlay from the base surface at an angle which is less than the angle of inr;dçnce A second aspect of the present invention is directed toward a light distributionsystem colll~l ;sh~g a light guide for transporting light and at least one light extraction overlay inrl.ltlir~ a substrate having a base surface and a structured surface opposite the base surface for extracting light from the light guide optically coupled with a portion ofthe surface ofthe light guide. In a p~felled embo-liment the light guide 2s coll.l.lises an optical fiber, and even more ple~l~bly a large di~ tel (e.g. > 1.0 millimeters) optical fiber, for ll~u apOI~ ? light. The base surface ofthe lightextraction overlay is optically coupled with a portion of the surface of the light guide such that light may be ~ ed from the light guide into the substrate. The structured surface inrl~ldes at least one optical elemrnt which has a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative to the base surface such that lightll~..C. ..;1 led from the light guide into the substrate may be r~flected from the optical W O 97/08~90 PCT~US96/11203 e~ and extracted from a surface of the light guide at a location displaced from the overlay.
A further aspect ofthe present invention is directed toward an i1111min~tion system which inrludps a light source and a light guide optically cou~led with said light S source for ll ~Ul~J(il li"g light from said light source and at least one light extraction overlay optically cvl ple~ with a portion ofthe surface ofthe light guide. In a plerti"ed embodiment, the light guide cGlnlJl;ses an optical fiber, and even more prt:îel~bly a large ~i~met~r (e.g. > 1.0 mill;...~t~ ,) optical fiber, for II~U1S~)G~ -g light. The base surface of the light extraction overlay is optically coup1~d with a portion of the surface 0 ofthe light guide such that light may be l,~ ed from the light guide into the sul~s~ e. The structured surface inc1~ es at least one optical e1~ which has a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative to the base surface such that light ~ e~ from the light guide into the ~ubsl~le may be r~flected from the optical c1e..~ and extracted from a surface ofthe light guide at a location displaced lS from the overlay.
Yet another aspect ofthe present invention is dil- ~ led toward providing a mPthod for p[~illg a light guide to distribute light to predetermined regions ~ cent the light guide. In accol-l~lcG with the present invention, at least one desired portion of said light guide is s~le.,led from which light plop~P~ g Ihluugll said light guide is 20 to be extracted. Next, a light extraction overlay is con~-e- Iecl to the light guide along a desired portion of said light guide such that the base surface of the light extraction overlay is optically coupled with the light ll~ c~;~re portion ofthe light guide.
Accoldhlgly, when light is i";e~,led into the light guide, some portion ofthe light pl~p~g~ .g along the light guide is extracted at the desired 1Oç~tiQn BRIEF DESCRIPIION OF TEIE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a pe,~e~ re view of one embodiment of a structured surface light extraction overlay in accordallce with principles of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a sr~ ;c cross-sectio~ view of a structured surface light 30 extraction overlay in col~ .-,l;on with a light guide illustrating the opel~lillg principles of a light extraction overlay in acco,d~lce with the present invention;
W O 97/08490 PCTrUS96/11203 Fig. 3 is a sc~ ;c, cross-sectionAI view of an alternate embodiment of a structured surface light cAII..clioll overlay in co.~ c~;on with a light guide illu~ Lng its op~ g, prinl~ipl~
Fig. 4isap~ ,e~ eviewofanill. ~ AI ionsystemh~col~,ol~L,lgastructured s surface light extraction overlay in acco~ance with p,inciples ofthe present invention;
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectiQn~l view, taken along the longitu(lin~l axis, of a portion of the optical fiber depicted in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectiQn~1 view, taken in a plane p~ cn~ic~ r to the longihl-linAI axis, of a portion of the optical fiber depicted in Fig. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention is directed toward a light extraction overlay which, when used in con,bin~lion with a light guide, provides a highly çfficiçnt ...cçl~A.~icm for CAII~._lillg light from a desired location or locations on a light guide. An overlay in lS accoldance with the present invention is readily adaptable to extract a desired quantity of light from a given area of a light guide. Additionally, an overlay in accoldallce with the present invention may easily be adapted to distribute extracted light into a desired energy pattern or distribution. While several specific embodim~ntc of the invention are des~"il,cd herein, many ~d~ition~l v~ tionc obvious to one of oidin&,y skill in the 20 optical arts are contPmpl~ted by the present invention.
One ~ y embodiment of an overlay in acco,~I~-ce with the present invention con~p,ises a substantially optically l,~u~sp~enl :,.lbsl,~te m~mlf~lred from a suitable plastic material which p,ere,dbly measures belween about .05 mill;...ele.~ and 1.5 millim~t~rs in th;~l~n~ss The substrate inrl~ldec a base surface and a structured 2S surface opposite the base surface. The base surface preferably in~ des an optically clear bondin~ ...e~h~ ... for optically col-plir~ the overlay to an optical waveguide such as, for ~ le an optical fiber. The structured surface preferably incl~ldes a plurality of optical elem~ntc which may be sepalalcd by a ~lbs~ ;Ally planar optically smooth surface. Each optical el- .. l defines a first optically smooth surface and a 30 second surface in the substrate. Each optically smooth surface is disposed at an angle of appl o~ Fly 40 to 50 degrees with the base surface, and preferably at an angle of W O 97/08490 PCT~US96/11203 applox;...,.lPly 45 degrees with the sub~llate. Preferably, the first and second side surfaces ofthe optical ~l~.."~ are coated with a specularly reflective sub~l~n~e.
As used herein, the term optically smooth surface shall refer to a surface whichfi....l.l;Ql~.c to reflect inrid~nt light sper,l~lorly. In accoldallce with the present invention, s a portion of the light reflected from the optical ~ 1 is . ~di~ ed into the light guide at an angle which is less than the critical angle nFcr ,~ -. y for continued propagation along the fiber accordil~g to the p.ill.,iple ~ of total internal reflection.
Optically smooth sll~fir~es are to be ~ chPd from diffusive surfaces, which allow light to leak from an optical fiber.
0 In use, the base surface of the overlay is optically coupled to a light guide. A
portion of the light prop~gPtinE~ through the light guide is ~ ed across the base surface of the overlay and propagates through the optically clear ~ubs~ e. A first portion of the light l~rop~ ;..g through the substrate strikes one of the optically smooth s~lrfPces of an optical el~ and is reflected at an angle less than the critical lS angle for the light guide, thereby dire~ the light out of the light guide. Provided the structured surface in~ des an optically smooth surface which is ~ubs~ y parallel to the base surface, a second portion of the light prop~g~tin~ through the overlay strikes this portion of the structured surface and is reflected back into the waveguide at an angle greater than the critical angle and, the.eîo-~, continneS to propagate through the 20 light guide.
Adv~nt~r,~ .ly, a light di;,l. ibulion system CollllJIiSillg a co- ~ ~l i..~l ion of a light guide and at least one light extraction overlay allows for the selective extraction of light from a desired location or loc~tionc on a light guide, thereby providing i..lproved flexibility over ~.;cl;l)~ optical fiber ill~ ;otl systems. ~ ition~lly, light extraction 2S Ov~;lla~;~ in accor.l~lce with the present invention may be deP;~l-ed such that, when used in co...bh~alion with a light guide of a ple3Fle~,led shape, light is extracted with a predetc...li.~ed, desired energy distribution pattern.
Fig. 1 depicts a portion of one embodim~nt of a light extraction overlay 10 in accordauce with p-~ ,;pl~ ofthe present invention. Overlay 10 is formed from a 30 sul,s~ ;Ally optically lla-ls~ .-l substrate 12 and has a base surface 14 and a structured surface 16 opposite base surface 14. Structured surface 16 in~ d~s at least one, and p-efelably a plurality of optical elem~ont~ 18 formed therein. Each optical W O 97/08490 PCT~US96/11203 in~ eS at least one optically smooth surface 20. While not necçc~ ~ y, optical e~ l s 18 are p. ~,f~ bly sepa,~led by a subsl~"lially planar portion 24 of structured surface 16.
The basic principles of operation of light extractor overlay 10 may be illustrated s with reference to Fig. 2. Fig. 2 p~,s_.lls a sr~ ..Al;c cross-sectionAl view of a light extraction overlay 10 ~lbs~ I;A1IY as de~ ~ ~e ~ in Fig. 1 in operative contact with a light guide 30. As illustrated, base surface 14 of overlay 10 is optically col r~ with the surface 32 of light guide 30. In use, light ray 40 is l~,.n~ led across the interface b~ ,en light guide 30 and base surface 14 of light extraction overlay 10 and strikes a 10 s~ .l;Ally planar portion 24 of structured surface 16, where it is reflected back into light guide 30 at an angle greater than the critical angle of light guide 30 andaccordillgly, continlles to propagate along light guide 30. By contrast, light ray 42 is ed across the interface b~ ,n Iight guide 30 and base surface 14 of light extraction overlay 10 and strikes an optically smooth surface 20 of optical element 18 15 which is disposed at an angle relative to the plane of base surface 14. Accor.li"~t;ly, light ray 42 is rçflected from optically smooth surface 20 into light guide 30 and strikes a surface of light guide 30 at an angle which is less than the critical angle nçcess ~. y for continued propagation along light guide 30, thereby allowing light ray 42 to be n~ ed from the surface of light guide 30. ~l~ft;-~bly, optically smooth surface 20 is coated with a specularly reflective material such as, for ~YAmplç, ~l.. ";.. " or silver.
It will be apprtcialed by one of Oldillaly skill in the optical arts that the characteristics (e.g. Iength, width, th:~lrn~cc, shape and size of optical elem~nt.~ etc.) of overlay 10 may vary widely de~e~ g upon the requi.e.nenls of the particular application. For example, the shape, the cross-sectional area, and the angle of 2s il~ Al;on (relative to the base surface) of each optically smooth surface will inflll~n~e the amount of light e ,l-acled from the fiber. Con~eqll~ntly~ the amount and direction of light reflected from the fiber can be controlled by s~lecting the applol,-iale geometry for optical ~l~m~nt~ 18, as well as the pattern and spacing ofthe optical Pl ...~..1$ 18.
Additionally, it will be appre~;dled by one of ordinary skill in the optical arts that the 30 optical pl opc. Iies of overlay 10 may be co---billed with the optical pl Op~ lies of a light guide to yield an optical system with desired p. upe- lies. For example, an overlay in accordance with the present invention may take advantage of the optical power provided by the curved surface of an optical fiber to focus extracted light into a desired energy di~llil)ulion.
In the embodiment dericted in Fig. 2, optically smooth surface 20 of optical e~ 1 18 is ilu~ ed at an angle of appr~ tply 45 degrees relative to base surfaces 14, although it will be a~ple~,ialed that angles from 10 degrees to 80 degrees, J plefci.2,bly from 20 degrees to 70 degrees, and more ~r~f~,.~ly from 30 degrees to 60 degrees are also useful depending upon the desired amount and direction of travel of light exiting the light guide. However, any useful angle between 0 degrees and 90 degrees may be used.
0 Optical ~ .. l 18 may also have a second optically smooth surface 22 for rPflP,ctirg light prop~g~ting through light guide 30 in a direction opposite that illustrated by light rays 40, 42. Second optically smooth surface 22 depicted in Fig. 2 is also ;". ~ A at an angle of applo,c;...~lely 45 degrees relative to the plane of base surface 14, however, it will be apprec;aled that second optically smooth surface 22 lS may be inclined at any useful angle angle me~ -ri~ b~lweell 0 and 90 degrees. It will also be applec;aled that an optical ~l~ .. -.l may have more than two optically smooth surfaces. For PY~mp'~, optical el~ 18 could include a trihedral or a hemispherical depl~,s~ion in structured surface 16. ~Adition~lly~ it will be appre-,ialed that structured surface 16 could include optical ~l~n.c ~ls which protrude from the plane ofthe 20 structured surface.
Light which is inc;~lpnt on optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 at an angle lessthan the critical angle will be ll n~ ed ~IIl uugll optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22.
One of ordi,l&,y skill in the optical arts will recognize that if optically smooth s~ ces 20 and 22 are not coated with a specularly rPflected ~lb~ c~~ then light which is 2s lln~ led through these surfaces will be refracted from overlay 10 in a highlydirectional manner. Empirical testing using a large d;n..~ 4r optical fiber as a light guide has inAi~te~A, that light which is refracted from optical surfaces such as 20 and 22 is lln..~ ed from the fiber in an exit cone with an angular spread measuring between 27 and 30 degrees from the longitl~Ain~l axis of the optical fiber. This tr~ncmi~ion may 30 be desirable for some applications where the objective is to extract light from the optical fiber in a narrow cone such as, for example, pavement ll~alhing applications.
W O 97/08490 PCT~US96/11203 To inhibit the l.nn~ ;ol~ of light from optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 of optical c~ 18, they may be coated with a specularly reflective material such as, for p'e, an ~1.. ;.. ~., or silver based composition. Accordingly, light rays whichstrike optically smooth s~lrf~c~ 20 and 22 will be speclllArly r~-flected f s The entire structured surface 16 of overlay 10 could be coated with a speclll~rly reflective m~t~ri~l by co~e-~1;on~l processes known in the art such as, for . le vapor coating or CI~Ç " ~AI deposition processes. However, coating the entire structured surface with a speclll~rly reflective material reduces the çffi~iency of propagation along the light guide ~e ~ e light rays striking a planar portion 24 of structured surface 16 will suffer absorptive losses to the speclll~rly reflective material.
Such absorptive losses may be undesirable, especially in situations which require light to be transported across relatively long diet~nces To ensure both highly effic;~nt propagation and highly ~fficiçnt light extraction, it is desirable that planar surface 24 reflect light acco--li"g to the plinciples oftotal lS internal reflection while optically smooth :iu~races 20 and 22 reflect light accolding to the principles of speclllAr r~flecflon To achieve this, optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 may be coated with a specularly reflective material while leaving planar surface 24 u--l-~dlcd by m~ in~ or otherwise treating planar surfaces 24 during the m~nllf~ lring process. Accoldingly, light in-~idçnt upon planar surfaces 24 at greater than the critical angle undergoes total internal reflection while light in~;dçnt upon optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 undergoes .speclll~r reflection from the spec~ rly reflective coating matenal.
An alternative construction for an overlay in accordance with the present invention which provides for total internal reflection along planar portions of the 2s structured surface and speclll~r reflection from optical elçm~nt~ is s~ lly d ~icted in Fig. 3. The structured surface 12 of an overlay 10 in accordal~ce with the present invention is provided with a thin coating layer 26 of a sul~sl~ lly optically l,~-~c.-l material having an index of refraction less than the index of refraction of ~ubsl~le 12. Fluoropolymers such as, for e,~alllple, a fluorinated ethylene-propylene based materials have a rclalively low refractive index (e.g. 1.34) and are well suited for use as a first coating layer 26. Other suitable materials include polyvinylidene fluoride (refractive index 1.42), perfluoroacrylate (refractive index 1.35) and W O 97/08490 PCT~US96/11203 polyk;Ll~lluoroethylene (refractive index 1.40).While the th ~~nf~ of coating layer 26 is not critical, coating layer 26 should be at least one wavelc~lh thick and preferably .nfas.llfsbel~.ffn ~o~ .25 m: vns and 10 microns.
~ A second coating layer 28 ~ bly cOIl~plis;llg a spec -l~rly reflective s s~ ce such as, for ~ , silver or ~I...~.;...~.n, may be deposited on first coating layer 26 by any convention~l method known to the art such as, for t;,.~l,ple, vapor deposition or sputter coating methods. Again, ~ltho~ h the thi- ~nes~ of second coating layer 28is not critical, second coating layer 28 should be of a thirl~n~s s~ffi~i~nt to make the surface s~b ,1~ lly opaque. Preferably, second coating layer 10 28lll~ lt;sb~ .25llliclulls and 10 Illi~iluns in th;~l~ness An optional thirdcoating layer (not shown) may be added to provide a protective seal to inhibit degradation (e.g. oxidation, s~ rl~ " wear) of the specularly reflective layer. The third layer may co.n~l;se any material suitable to protect the specularly reflective m~t~ri~l in the second layer. Fluoropolymers such as, for e,~llple, a fluo,inalf d lS ethylene-propylene based materials are well suited for use as a third coating layer.
Operation of the emborliment depicted in Fig. 3 is illustrated by light rays 40 and 42. Light ray 40 is lln~ d from light guide 30 across base surface 14 andstrikes a planar portion 24 of structured surface 16. Because the refractive index of the second coating layer is less than the refractive index of substrate 12, light ray 40 it 20 is r~flected back into light guide 30 according to the principles of total internal r~flection and continues to propagate along light guide 30. By contrast, light ray 42 is n~ ed from light guide 30 across base surface 14 and strikes an optically smoothsurface 20 of optical ele-..- -~ 18 on structured surface 16. Because the in~;df n~e angle of light ray 42 ~ - ceedc the critical angle for total internal r~flectiQn, light ray 42 is 2s 11i n~ ed into first coating layer 26, and is specularly rf lle~,~ed from second coating layer 28 back into light guide 30 at an angle which is less than the critical angle required for total internal r~-flecfion in light guide30. Accoldingly, light ray 42 is Il ..n ~. . ~;1 l~d from the surface of light guide 30 at the location where reflected light ray 42 strikes the surface of light guide 30.
Nulllerous variations of and modific~tionc to the structures speçiffc~lly ~lic~l~sed herein will be obvious to one of ordillaly skill in the optical arts. The following of variations and mnrlifirntions are ~ . ?1 ~ y and are not intf~,nrled to be :.";~
(a) The angle of ;...~ n of optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22, relative to base surface 14, may be altered to change the path of reflected light;
s (b) The depth of optical ~1~ . "f .~1 c 18 may be incieased or decl eased to effect the removal of relali~,ely more or less light, r~,sye~ ely, from light guide 30;
(c) The depth at any given point along optical Pl~mPnt 18 may vary (e.g. a con-~ depth ~1F-"~ a linearly ~ AI~g;~g depth Flr-~l- ~-1 a quadraticly rh~ngingdepth) to produce optically smooth surfaces having differing shapes;
(d) Overlay 10 may i.,co-~,o-ale a plurality of optical ~1~ "~.. 1~ which differ in at least one of the following characteristics: depth, width, number of optically smooth surfaces, angle of inrlin~tion of optically smooth surfaces relative to base surface;
(e) Optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 may also be curved to provide lS optical power, or focus, to the rPflected light exiting light guide 30;
(f) Optically smooth surfaces 20 and 22 may be sep~ed by a planar surface;
(g) The ~ ce be~ optical Pk-..~ lc, cc,--~ onding to the length of the planar portions ofthe structured surface may be decreased to a 1..;l.;...~.. of 20 ~ccf~nti:~lly zero mill;.. ~~t~- :. to ;,l~i-.,ase the amount of light extracted by the overlay or may be inc,eascd to reduce the amount of light extracted by the overlay;
(h) The tlict~nce bel~ n optical Plempnt~ may be con~L~-~L or may vary, depPntling upon the application.
An illl..l.;n~;on system incl~l~3in~ a light extraction overlay in accord2nce with 2s the present invention will be ~ !r;..cd in greater detail with reference to Figs. 4-6.
Fig. 4 is a scl~ ir, depiction of an il~ AI;on system inr~ ling a light source 50 and an optical fiber 52 optically col~pled with light source S0. Light source 50 may be any light source suitable for inje.;li.lg light into optical fiber 52. A comm- nly used light source is a metal halide lamp or t Ing~tPn-halogen lamp. A light extraction overlay 60 30 in acco-d~ce with the present invention is optically coupled with a portion of the length of optical fiber 52 for extracting a portion of the light prop~g~ting along optical fiber 52.
W O 97/08490 11 PCT~US96/11203 Fig. 5 pl~,s~ds a cross-sectiQn~l view along a long~ riin~l axis, similar to Figs 2 and 3, of light extraction overlay 60 in coop~.alion with optical fiber 52. Fig. 6 pr~seills a cross-sectiQr~l view of overlay 60 and optical fiber 52 through a plane applc,x;...~P,ly p~ ,n~ sr to the l~ng)hl~in~l axis of optical fiber 52. Optical fiber s 52 in~ es an optical fiber core 54 formed from an optically ~ re m ~tPri~Optical fiber core 54 may co~ i3e any sl-ita~'e optical fiber known to the art, in~ lin~ both hlol~ic glass and ~.~ ic resin fibers, ~hllou~h core materials having a lef;a~ re index offrom 1.4 to 1.66 are generally prcrc;llcd. Common m~tPri~lc include polylllc;LL~l...e~l 7~rylate and polyc~lJollale. Optical fiber 52 further incl~ldP$ a 10 rl~ ing layer 56 formed from a material having a lower refractive index than the optical fiber core 54. Cl~d~lin~ 56 serves to protect optical fiber core 52 and enables light to be II-A~ ed through optical fiber core 52 accordillg to the principles of total intemal reflecti~n The r1a(~dins~ (where present) may cnmrri~e any suitable material known in the art having a refractive index appro~liale for the chosen core m~t~ri~l lS Common materials for optical fiber c'-1din~ include polyvinylidene fluoride (refractive index 1.42), perfluoroacrylate (refractive index 1.35) and polytetrafuloroethylene (refractive index 1.40). It will be ulld~ ood by those of Ol dill&ly skill in the optical arts that optical fibers may include ~d~1ition~l protective j~ ting layers. Additionally, it will be und~ ood by those of olJindly skill in the optical arts that an optical fiber 20 does not require a ~ 1ing layer.
The J;.. enc ons ofthe optical fiber may vary dep~n~ upon their int~nded use. For cA~ lc, for i~ ;on ~ullJGses~ fiber lengths ranging from 0 to 100 meters are p.es_.,lly c~ c;ally useful. Improved optical .offi~i~ncy would allow for the use of longer optical fibers. For ill.. ;.. ~ n l~ull~oses, fibers having a di~meter 2s lallgin~, from apl)roxi~Ately 1 mm to 25 mm are pl~,se.llly known to be useful.
However it will be apple~,;dled that fibers having lesser or greater ~ ele~ ~ are col-lv...pk~ed by the present invention. Additionally, while the fiber depicted in Fig. 5 has a circular cros sec:l;oll, it will be apprec;aled that optical fibers having varied cross-sectiQn~l shapes (e.g. le~lh~ r, square, elliptical) find applic~tion in the field 30 of ilh~ Al;Q~ The present invention is equally applicable to fibers of any cross-section~l shape.
W O 97/08490 12 PCT~US96/11203 Rer~llhlg to Figs. S and 6, a portion of cl~1ding 56 is removed and light extraction overlay 60 is optically coupled with a portion of the surface of optical fiber core 54 Removal of cl~d~ling 56 may be accomrli~hed by conventional .llecl~AnicAl or ~h~m:-~l processes. ~IternAtively, optical fiber 52 may be m~n1-fAct~1red with portions S of r' ~1rli~ 54 missing at predete",.ined locations along its length. The base surface of overlay 60 is optically coL ~ le d to optical fiber core 52 using conventional chemical or ~--e~ ;CA1 processes. For c~llp1e, optically clear adhesives in~ ing acrylate l,~u,~rdr adhesives are particularly useful and are commercially available.
In use, light from light source 50 is injected into optical fiber 52 and propagates lO axially along the length of optical fiber 52 accG,di"g to the principles of total internal reflection. The refractive index of overlay 60 is at least as great as, and preferably equal to, the refractive index of optica1 fiber core 52. Accordingly, light rays may be ed into overlay 60 and fall inr;dPnt on structured surface 62 of overlay 60. As tii~cussecl above, light rays which strike an optically smooth surface 66 of an optical p1~ .. 1 64 are reflected back into optical fiber 52 at an angle which is less than the critical angle nr~cess~y for continued propagation along optical fiber 52 and are Ll~ ed from the surface optical fiber 52. Fig. 6 illustrates one manner in which an overlay 60 in cooperation with an optical fiber 52 distributes light across a wide energy pattern. Fig. 6 illustrates the path of four separate light rays, 40, 42, 44, 46 reflected 20 from four sep~le points on an optically smooth surface 66 of overlay 60. The four sep~ ~l~ rays are rçflected through the fiber to form an output cone of light which has an angular distribution.
Fig. 6 ignores the effects of refraction upon light rays 40, 42, 44, 46 as they propagate from optical fiber core 54 into ç1~~tling 56 and then into the ambient2s surro11n~ing~, p,e~u"~ably air or water. It will be readily app,eciaLed by one of oldin~y skill in the optical arts that, for the embodiment depicted in Fig. 6, refraction will tend to narrow the output cone of light exiting optical fiber 52; that is, the surface of optical fiber 52 acts as a lens. Additionally, it will be apprec;aled that the cross-sectional shape of optical fiber may be ~I-An~.ed to alter the optical characteristics of 30 the output cone.
An overlay in acco-.lance with the present invention may be mAm-fAct1-red using conventional mAn11fAct11ring processes known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
wo 97/08490 PCTAUS96/11203 13 For I ~ A."ple, a mold which is a negative of the desired structured surface may be m~m~f~ct---ed using diamond m~ ining processes to produce an optical finish. Themold may then be used in conventinal mf-kling processes to form the structured surface on the optical ll~ls~ substrate. Acceptable mn~-lin~ processes include s col~lples~;on molding, injection m~kli~ embossing, or coining. To achieve m~mlf~ ring çf~;ri~nlie5 parts may be molded in sheets which are s~ lly larger than the desired final product and individual overlays may be cut from the sheet using conv~ntion~l die cutting plocesses. ~ ion~l layers may be deposited on the structured surface of either the sheet or of the individual overlays using col,vt;.lLional o processes.
While a preÇ~ ;d embodiment of the present invention and several altemative embo~im~nt~ have been described so as to enable one skilled in the art to practice the techniques of the present invention, the preceding description is intended to bepl~ y and should not be used to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the lS invention should be determined only by Icf~,-e,lce to the following claims.
:
Claims (20)
1. A light extraction overlay for use with a light guide, comprising:
a substantially optically transparent substrate having a base surface and a structured surface opposite said base surface, said structured surface comprising a plurality of optical elements defined therein, at least one opticalelement having a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative tosaid base surface such that a portion of the light incident on the base surface at an incidence angle ~1 of said overlay is transmitted through said substrate, reflected from said optically smooth surface and exits said overlay from said base surface at an angle ~2, which is less than ~1.
a substantially optically transparent substrate having a base surface and a structured surface opposite said base surface, said structured surface comprising a plurality of optical elements defined therein, at least one opticalelement having a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative tosaid base surface such that a portion of the light incident on the base surface at an incidence angle ~1 of said overlay is transmitted through said substrate, reflected from said optically smooth surface and exits said overlay from said base surface at an angle ~2, which is less than ~1.
2. The light extraction overlay of claim 1, wherein:
at least one of said optical elements comprises a optical element extending across a portion of the structured surface of said overlay, said optical element defining a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle measuringbetween 10 degrees and 90 degrees relative to said base surface.
at least one of said optical elements comprises a optical element extending across a portion of the structured surface of said overlay, said optical element defining a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle measuringbetween 10 degrees and 90 degrees relative to said base surface.
3. The light extraction overlay of claim 2, wherein:
said first optically smooth surface is disposed at an angle measuring between 40 and 50 degrees relative to said base surface.
said first optically smooth surface is disposed at an angle measuring between 40 and 50 degrees relative to said base surface.
4. The light extraction overlay of claim 3, wherein:
said first optically smooth surface is disposed at an angle of 45 degrees relative to said base surface.
said first optically smooth surface is disposed at an angle of 45 degrees relative to said base surface.
5. The light extraction overlay of claim 2, wherein:
said optical element includes a second optically smooth surface disposed at an angle measuring between 10 degrees and 90 degrees relative to said base surface.
said optical element includes a second optically smooth surface disposed at an angle measuring between 10 degrees and 90 degrees relative to said base surface.
6. The light extraction overlay of claim 5, wherein:
said second optically smooth surface is disposed at an angle measuring between 40 and 50 degrees relative to said base surface.
said second optically smooth surface is disposed at an angle measuring between 40 and 50 degrees relative to said base surface.
7. The light extraction overlay of claim 5, wherein:
said second optically smooth surface is disposed at an angle of 45 degrees relative to said base surface.
said second optically smooth surface is disposed at an angle of 45 degrees relative to said base surface.
8. The light extraction overlay of claim 1, wherein:
said structured surface includes at least a second optical element, said second optical element being displaced from said first optical element by a predetermined distance.
said structured surface includes at least a second optical element, said second optical element being displaced from said first optical element by a predetermined distance.
9. The light extraction overlay of claim 1, wherein:
said optical elements are coated with a specularly reflective substance.
said optical elements are coated with a specularly reflective substance.
10. The light extraction overlay of claim 1, further comprising:
a coating layer covering said structured surface, said coating layer formed from a material which has a refractive index lower than the refractive index of said overlay.
a coating layer covering said structured surface, said coating layer formed from a material which has a refractive index lower than the refractive index of said overlay.
11. The light extraction overlay of claim 1, further comprising:
a first coating layer covering said structured surface, said first coating layer formed from a material which has a refractive index lower than the refractive index of said overlay; and a second coating layer covering a portion of said first coating layer, said second coating layer formed from a specularly reflective substance.
a first coating layer covering said structured surface, said first coating layer formed from a material which has a refractive index lower than the refractive index of said overlay; and a second coating layer covering a portion of said first coating layer, said second coating layer formed from a specularly reflective substance.
12. The light extraction overlay of claim 11, further comprising:
a third coating layer formed from a material suitable to protect said specularly reflective substance.
a third coating layer formed from a material suitable to protect said specularly reflective substance.
13. The light extraction overlay of claim 1, further comprising:
means for optically coupling said optically smooth base surface to a light guide.
means for optically coupling said optically smooth base surface to a light guide.
14. A light distribution system, comprising:
a light guide;
at least one light extraction region comprising a light extraction overlay including a substrate having a base surface optically coupled with a portion of a surface of said light guide and a structured surface opposite said base surface,said structured surface comprising a plurality of optical elements, at least oneoptical element having a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative to said base surface such that light propagating through said light guide may be transmitted into said overlay through the base surface of said overlay, reflected from said optically smooth surface and transmitted from a surface of said light guide at a location displaced from said overlay.
a light guide;
at least one light extraction region comprising a light extraction overlay including a substrate having a base surface optically coupled with a portion of a surface of said light guide and a structured surface opposite said base surface,said structured surface comprising a plurality of optical elements, at least oneoptical element having a first optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative to said base surface such that light propagating through said light guide may be transmitted into said overlay through the base surface of said overlay, reflected from said optically smooth surface and transmitted from a surface of said light guide at a location displaced from said overlay.
15. The light distribution system of claim 14, wherein:
said light guide comprises an optical fiber having a length extending along a longitudinal axis of said fiber.
said light guide comprises an optical fiber having a length extending along a longitudinal axis of said fiber.
16. The light distribution system of claim 15, wherein said optical fiber includes:
an optical fiber core measuring between at least about 1.0 millimeters in width and comprising a substantially optically transparent material;
a cladding surrounding said optical fiber core, said cladding formed from a material having a refractive index less than the refractive index of saidoptical core such that light injected into one end of said optical fiber propagates through said fiber according to the principles of total internal reflection.
an optical fiber core measuring between at least about 1.0 millimeters in width and comprising a substantially optically transparent material;
a cladding surrounding said optical fiber core, said cladding formed from a material having a refractive index less than the refractive index of saidoptical core such that light injected into one end of said optical fiber propagates through said fiber according to the principles of total internal reflection.
17. The light distribution system of claim 16; wherein:
said base surface of said light extraction overlay is optically coupled with a portion of the surface of said optical fiber core along a predetermined length of said optical fiber.
said base surface of said light extraction overlay is optically coupled with a portion of the surface of said optical fiber core along a predetermined length of said optical fiber.
18. An illumination system, comprising:
a light source;
a light guide optically coupled with said light source, said light guide formed from a substantially optically transparent material and having a length extending along a longitudinal axis thereof;
at least one light extraction overlay having a base surface optically coupled with a portion of a surface of said light guide and a structured surfaceopposite said smooth surface;
said structured surface comprising a plurality of optical elements, at least one optical element having a first optically smooth surface disposed at anangle relative to said base surface, such that light propagating longitudinally along said light guide may be transmitted into said overlay through the base surface of said overlay, reflected from said optically smooth surface and extracted from a surface of said light guide at a location displaced from said overlay.
a light source;
a light guide optically coupled with said light source, said light guide formed from a substantially optically transparent material and having a length extending along a longitudinal axis thereof;
at least one light extraction overlay having a base surface optically coupled with a portion of a surface of said light guide and a structured surfaceopposite said smooth surface;
said structured surface comprising a plurality of optical elements, at least one optical element having a first optically smooth surface disposed at anangle relative to said base surface, such that light propagating longitudinally along said light guide may be transmitted into said overlay through the base surface of said overlay, reflected from said optically smooth surface and extracted from a surface of said light guide at a location displaced from said overlay.
19. A method of preparing an light guide to distribute light to predetermined regions adjacent said said light guide, said method comprising the steps of:
selecting a desired location of said light guide from which light propagating through said light guide is to be extracted;
optically coupling a light extraction overlay to said light guide at said desired location, said light extraction overlay including a substrate having a base surface and a structured surface opposite said base surface, said structured surface comprising a plurality of optical elements, each optical element having at least one optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative to said basesurface;
wherein the base surface of said light extraction overlay is optically coupled to said light guide such that light propagating through said light guidemay be transmitted into said overlay through the base surface of said overlay, reflected from an optically smooth surface and transmitted from a surface of said light guide at a location displaced from said overlay.
selecting a desired location of said light guide from which light propagating through said light guide is to be extracted;
optically coupling a light extraction overlay to said light guide at said desired location, said light extraction overlay including a substrate having a base surface and a structured surface opposite said base surface, said structured surface comprising a plurality of optical elements, each optical element having at least one optically smooth surface disposed at an angle relative to said basesurface;
wherein the base surface of said light extraction overlay is optically coupled to said light guide such that light propagating through said light guidemay be transmitted into said overlay through the base surface of said overlay, reflected from an optically smooth surface and transmitted from a surface of said light guide at a location displaced from said overlay.
20. A light distribution system, comprising:
a light guide formed from a substantially optically transparent material and having a length extending along a longitudinal axis thereof;
at least one light extraction overlay having a base surface optically coupled with a portion of a surface of said light guide and a structured surfaceopposite said smooth surface;
said structured surface comprising a plurality of optical elements, at least one optical element having a first optically smooth surface disposed at anangle relative to said base surface such that light propagating longitudinally along said light guide may be transmitted into said overlay through the base surface of said overlay and refracted from said optically smooth surface at an angle not greater than about 30 degrees from said longitudinal axis.
a light guide formed from a substantially optically transparent material and having a length extending along a longitudinal axis thereof;
at least one light extraction overlay having a base surface optically coupled with a portion of a surface of said light guide and a structured surfaceopposite said smooth surface;
said structured surface comprising a plurality of optical elements, at least one optical element having a first optically smooth surface disposed at anangle relative to said base surface such that light propagating longitudinally along said light guide may be transmitted into said overlay through the base surface of said overlay and refracted from said optically smooth surface at an angle not greater than about 30 degrees from said longitudinal axis.
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| US08/518337 | 1995-08-23 | ||
| US08/518,337 US5631994A (en) | 1995-08-23 | 1995-08-23 | Structured surface light extraction overlay and illumination system |
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| CA2227618A1 true CA2227618A1 (en) | 1997-03-06 |
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| CA002227618A Abandoned CA2227618A1 (en) | 1995-08-23 | 1996-07-02 | Structured surface light extraction overlay and illumination system |
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| US (1) | US5631994A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0846241B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11512191A (en) |
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-
1995
- 1995-08-23 US US08/518,337 patent/US5631994A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-07-02 EP EP96923602A patent/EP0846241B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-02 CA CA002227618A patent/CA2227618A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-02 WO PCT/US1996/011203 patent/WO1997008490A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-02 JP JP9510234A patent/JPH11512191A/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-02 DE DE69623974T patent/DE69623974T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-02 AT AT96923602T patent/ATE225014T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-02 KR KR1019980701246A patent/KR19990044014A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-02 AU AU64074/96A patent/AU6407496A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-23 ZA ZA9606248A patent/ZA966248B/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-01-29 NO NO980402A patent/NO980402L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0846241A1 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
| NO980402L (en) | 1998-02-23 |
| NO980402D0 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
| DE69623974D1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| KR19990044014A (en) | 1999-06-25 |
| DE69623974T2 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
| ATE225014T1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
| JPH11512191A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
| ZA966248B (en) | 1998-01-23 |
| WO1997008490A1 (en) | 1997-03-06 |
| MX9801304A (en) | 1998-05-31 |
| EP0846241B1 (en) | 2002-09-25 |
| US5631994A (en) | 1997-05-20 |
| AU6407496A (en) | 1997-03-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |