CA2243712A1 - Diamond coated cutting tool insert and method of making same - Google Patents
Diamond coated cutting tool insert and method of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2243712A1 CA2243712A1 CA002243712A CA2243712A CA2243712A1 CA 2243712 A1 CA2243712 A1 CA 2243712A1 CA 002243712 A CA002243712 A CA 002243712A CA 2243712 A CA2243712 A CA 2243712A CA 2243712 A1 CA2243712 A1 CA 2243712A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- insert
- tool body
- tool
- cutting
- tip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
- G06F3/1293—Printer information exchange with computer
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
- E21C35/1837—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material characterised by the shape
Abstract
A wear resistant, diamond enhanced cutting tool for excavating is disclosed.
The cutting tool includes a cutting insert having a diamond coated cutting tip brazed to the cutting insert. The cutting tool is formed by brazing the insert to a tool body with a braze alloy by heating the insert and tool body to a temperature at which the braze alloy melts. The insert and tool body are then cooled to solidify the braze alloy and quenched to cause a martensitic transformation. Finally, the diamond enhanced tip is brazed to the insert while the temperature of the tool body is maintained below a temperature at which the tool body would soften. According to this method, the cutting tool is formed without creating a tempered zone of reduced hardness.
The cutting tool includes a cutting insert having a diamond coated cutting tip brazed to the cutting insert. The cutting tool is formed by brazing the insert to a tool body with a braze alloy by heating the insert and tool body to a temperature at which the braze alloy melts. The insert and tool body are then cooled to solidify the braze alloy and quenched to cause a martensitic transformation. Finally, the diamond enhanced tip is brazed to the insert while the temperature of the tool body is maintained below a temperature at which the tool body would soften. According to this method, the cutting tool is formed without creating a tempered zone of reduced hardness.
Description
CA 0224371i 1998-07-20 W O 97/283,53 1 PCT/SE97/00064 DIAMOND CO~TED CU'l~ING TOOI, INi~l AND METHOD OF MA~NG SAME
1. Field of the Tnvention The present invention relates to a tool and a method of making a tool for breaking or excavating m~t~n~l, such as asphalt or coal, colllp,ising a tool body and a cutting 10 insert secured thereto.
1. Field of the Tnvention The present invention relates to a tool and a method of making a tool for breaking or excavating m~t~n~l, such as asphalt or coal, colllp,ising a tool body and a cutting 10 insert secured thereto.
2. E~ac~c~round of the Related Art Tools of the type in ~uestion are usually mounted rotatably in a tool holder, which in turn is ~tt~rh~d to an excavating machine, such as a road planing m~rhine or a mining m~-hinP Due to its rotation the tool is self-~h~--ing. A .,~ h;i~r of this type is ~ rlosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,302,055, the ~iic~losl~re of which is hereby incorporated by ..ce.
Various styles of rotatable cutting tools with a diamond enh~ncç~i inserts are known for use in mining and construction operations. These tools are known as "Point Attack Tools" or "Conical Tools." When this kind of cutting tool is being used, a 20 cul..l,.on problem is the wear of the material around the rli~mon~ enh~need insert. As this wear pru~ ses, eventually the insert will lose its support and come loose from the tool body to which it is ~t~ch~ This problem is called "steel wash" around the insert.
W O 97/28353 -2- PCTtSE97/00064 For breaLcing or excavating of hard wear resistant m~t~ri~lc, for instance for milling in poured asphalt (mastic), tools are used of the type shown in FIG. 1. This tool c~ " ;~,5 a tool body 10A of steel and a cutting insert l lA of hard metal. The cutting insert 1 lA is provided with a conical tip portion 12A and a shoulder 13A which is S intenrled to rest against a ~,u~ Ling surface 14A on the tool body 10A. A wide based cutting insert of this type is known as a "cap." The rear contact surface 20A of the choul(i~r 13A is brazed to the ;.uppo,ling surface 14A. The cutting insert llA is provided with a conical .~ ..l.edidl~: portion lSA which is located between the tip portion 12A and the shoulder 13A. The portion 15A protects the portion of the tool body 10A
10 s.lllou,.ding the cutting insert 1 lA from such wear that would cause the cutting insert llA to get loose. When wear resistant material is excavated, for inct~n~e during milling in poured asphalt, the tip portion 12A b~o---es blunt-ended upon some wear of the cutting insert l lA. This wear i--cre~ ses the required cutting force.
One way of decreasing the cutting force required for worn tools would be to use a 15 tool of the type shown in FIG. 2. Since the cutting insert llB has a smaller d;~
than the cutting insert 1 lA the cutting force is reduced. However, this should mean that the portion 16B of the tool body 10B surrounding the cutting insert llB would be rapidly abraded, thereby causing the cutting insert 1 lB to loosen. Thus, cutting inserts of the type shown in FIG. 2 are suitable for use solely where the hard metal del~....ines the life 20 of the tool, for inct~nre milling in concrete.
Another way of ~lut~ling the steel is to place a ring of carbide around a carbide insert shaped like a bullet such as the insert 1 lB. This co-nbinaLion basically func~ion~
the same as the "cap." A problem with both the "cap" and the combination of the insert W O 97/283!53 _3_ PCT/SE97/00064 and the ring is that the very top of the insert wears down. When this happens the whole top ~,eo...~ y b~ o~ c ~'blunt" and the cutting forces and the dust ~ ;nll increase.
In order to o~,~o.,.e this problem, it has been ~..g~ d to keep the tip of the tool sharp by enh~ n~ the carbide material of the tip with a layer of ~ monri m~tPriz-5 A di~moll~l coating layer provides improved cutting çffi~jency, reduced dust g~less risk for fr;çtinn~l ignition~, etc. However, a c-,....l.oll problem ~ y related to thes~, r1i~ r] coated tools is the fact that the rli~mon~l ~Llu~;Lul~ cannot withstand t~ h .~u..~s higher than about 650~C which might be present during the process of b8ng the cutting insert to the tool body. This problem can be solved ~y use of a "heat 10 sink" during the brazing process to keep ~he area cont~ining~ mon-~s at a lower t....~,~ .dLulc.
A second problem with ~ morlrl coated cutting inserts is that if the ~ mon(l f-nh~nce~ insert is top brazed to a harde"ed steel body, the steel will get a Lc-l-~.ed zone with lower ha,d"ess just below the insert. In this L.-.peled zone with lower ha..l..~ ,~ the 15 wear rate will be higher and the risk of losing the insert is in~;~.
The cutting insert is fonned witll a generally conical tip portion and provided with a ~holllder which is int.-n~ed to rest against a supporting surface on the tool body. The cutting insert according to the present invention provides a wear-resistant tool of the abo~,e type which requires a low cutting force at the same time as it is ensured that the 20 risk is low that the cutting insert will get loose even during working in wear resistant n~tfri~l, The invention is described in detail in the following with l~;~rence to the acco..,~ying drawings, in which three embo~limfntc are shown by way of example. It W O 97/28353 _4_ PCT/SE97/00064 is to be understood that these embo lim~nt~ are only illl~st~tive of the invention and that various moAifi~tion~ thereof may be made within the scope of the claims.
SUIVIMARY
The invention involves a wear l~kulll~u~kal)lc excavating tool for breal~ng hard 5 m~tPri~t which addresses the p.ol,le."s ~ d with the prior art cutting tools. In part;cular the cutting tool acco-~ling to the present invention has improved strength because it is made in a manner which avoids the creation of a le.,l~.~;l zone of lower h~dness in the tool body. In :rlAiticn~ the cutting tool acco,ding to the present invention is more economical to make due to a reduced amount of diamond coating material which 10 is used.
Acco,dil~g to one aspect of the invention a method of forming a cutting tool is dicclosed which co~ -ises brazing an insert to a tool body with a braze alloy by heating the insert and tool body to a ~ ; at which the braze alloy melts, cooling the insert and tool body, quenrhing the insert and tool body, and brazing a diamond ~nh~nce~ tip to 15 the insert while ~ hll,.;~.;.lg a te~ .e of the tool body below a te~ re at which ~nftPning of the tool body would take place.
According to another aspect of the invention, a wear resistant cutting tool is Ai~t~lns~A which is formed by brazing an insert to a tool body wi~h a braze alloy by heating to a 1~ p~ llft at which the braze alloy melts, cooling the insert and tool body, 20 ~ hing the insert and tool body, and brazing a diamond e~-h~ e~ tip to the insert while ~ h~g a ~-"l~ t of the tool body below a l~lll~alul~ at which so~.l.ng of the tool body would take place.
W O 97/283!;3 5 PCT/SE97/00064 BRIE~F DESCRIPr~ON OF THE; DRAWlNGS
The invention will be d~ ed in greater detail with .~,f~,.encc to the a~ p;..,ying dlawi~ in which like rl- ~,....1~ bear like .c~.~,nc~, nnm~c, and when-in:
PIG. 1 is a side view, partly in section, of a prior art tool for breaking hard matelial;
FIG. 2 is a side view, partly in section, of a second prior art tool;
FIG. 3 is a side view, partly in section, of one e.l,bodi.--~,n~ of a tool acco~.ling to the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view of the cutting insert shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an eYplod~i side view of a second embodiment of the cutting insert according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the cufflng insert of FIG. S mn--nt~i in a tool body.
FIG. 7 is an ~YploA~ side view of a third embodiment of the cutting insert 15 according to the invention; and FIG. 8 is a side view of the cutting insert of FIG. 7 ~nounted in a tool body.
DFTAn-~n DF~CRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIl\~IENTS
According to the invention, a low energy point attack tool is provided which inrh~ c a cutting insert 11 in the form of a "cap" wherein the insert is provided with an 20 insert tip 12 having a wear ~ l coating of a m~ri~l harder than the insert. The method of fixing the wear r~ ~ t coated insert tip 12 to the insert 11 will be ~I;ccucc~d further below. The wear ~ L~-I coating is formed of a material which is harder than the material of the cutting insert 11 and the cutting insert tip 12. For inct~nce, the insert W O 97/28353 -6~ PCT/SE97/00064 11 and insert tip 12 can be a ~,U~ r~ carbide and the coating on the insert tip can be monrl andtor cubic boron nitride. The coating can be applied on the exposed surface of the insert dp 12 with or without one or more hltc....edidLe non~ -AmQrtd layers such as Ti, TiC, TiN, etc. ll-~f~L~h.~.-. The coating can be applied by PVD, CVD, high 5 ~ dtUrethigh pl~ UI~. (HTtHP) or other conventional technique. The wear ~ L~u~t coating and ih~tc..llcdiate layers can each have a thi~ n~o$5 of from about l.O~m to about lOOf~m and the total ~hi~nPcc of the coating can reach 500~m or more ~ tlrfin~ on the ~1.;~'1..,. ~ of each layer and number of layers. For inct~Anre, the coating can include several layers of ~ mnn~l ~pdUdt~,d by non~ mond layers. U.S. Patent Nos. 5,154,245 and 4,707,384, the llict~losures of which are hereby inco.~ dted by reference, disclose several diarnond coating techniques which can be used for applying the coating.
The wear resistant coating of the insert tip 12 allows the geo.-,t;l.y of the insert tip to be Ill-Aill~ d for a longer time thus reducing the amount of dust created by the tool, reducing the cutting forces, reducing forces acting on the tool, reducing heat created by 15 the cutting action of the tool, and reducing the possibility of sparking which could otherwise occur due to the contact between the cPm~n~Pd carbide tool and the material being excavated.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cutting insert 11 in a tool according to the invention is provided with an intermediate portion 17 between the insert tip 12 and a 20 shoulder 13. The in~....e liatt; portion c(J,l,p-ises a concave portion 17'. Due to the inlcl.,lcliate surface portion 17, the required cutting force is .I AitllA;ned low even when the insert tip 12 b-- u...es worn, since the tip size remains generally the same as the tip wears down along the interrnediate surface portion 17. Due to this design it is also ensured that the steel in the tool body 10 surrounding the cutting insert is p -~L~Led W 0 97/28353 7_ PCT/S~97/00064 against ~ ldtUl-, abrasion. This protection is provided by the concave portion 17' and the 5houl~r 13.
The wear resistant coating 60 is preferably applied on the outer surface of the insert tip 12. However, the wear resistant coating 60 can also be applied on theinterrnediate portion 17 and/or the shoulder 13 in any desirable pattern which co .pl~ t~
covers or partially covers the worlcing surface. Preferably, at least the insert tip 12 is comrlPtPly covered with the coating 60.
As shown in FIG. 4, the portion 17 can c~ ;se a circular-cylindrical portion 17'r located ~13~rrnt to the insert tip 12. In this e.llbo~ ,nt the distance "a~ from the t~.~nc;tion 18 between the insert tip 12 and the intermediate portion 17 to the radially outermost portion 19 of the rear contact surface 20 of the shoulder 13 is larger than the distance "b" from the transition 18 to the axially forwardmost portion of the tip portion 12. A rear contact surface 20 of the insert is intPn-1Pd to rest against the ~.ul,~o,li"~, surface 14 of the tool body 10.
Further, in the illustrated embo~limPnt the smallest ~ mPtpr "d" of the concave portion 17' is smaller than the sum of the above-defined ~lict~nrPc "a" and "b". The concave portion 17' is l~lcr~-ably provided with a con~t~nt radius of curvature. The enveloping surface of the cylin~ l portion 17" extends tangentially to the arc-shaped portion 17'.
In the i~ Ctr~tP~ embodiment the cutting insert 11 is provided with a rear contact surface 20 projecting ,ca~wal-lly from the shoulder 13. The end surface of this rear conta~t surface 20 is shown as planar. It might, however, be recessed, for instance it could be half-spherical or of the general W-shape illustrated in Swedish Patent Application No. 8400269-0. The bottom of the recess might rest against a CC~ oll.lingly shaped ~lul~ ion on the tool body, or, altematively, the recess might provide a cavity.
In a further ,.,ot~ ;OIl, the cutting insert 11 might be made without a rear l~u;eulion. The rear end surface of the cutting insert, i.e. the end surface of the 5 cht)ultit~r, and the coope..-ling front surface of the tool body might be tie~igntd acco.~li..g to any of the above alt~,-.ati~.
An ~ltt~rn~tive r .-l~o~ t of the cutting tool is i~ -,-tf~ in FIGS. S and 6. In this ,~...ho~ an insert 21 is shown which is more elon~t~d than the insert 11. In particular, the height Y of the insert tip 22 is less than 0.25 of the total height X of the insert 21 and the insert tip. The insert 21 is shown in FIG. 6 ~-loul-led in the tool body 10.
A third embodiment of the cutting tool according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. The tool accoldillg to this e ..botl;...~ ~ includes a tool body 30, an insert body 31, an insert tip 32, and a ring 33. The ring is ~lef~,ably formed of a 15 carbide material. As shown in FIG. 7, the height Y' of the insert tip 32 is a~.u~ tcly one third of the total height X' of the ring 33 and the insert tip 32. The carbide ring 33 provides a similar function to the shoulder 13 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
In each of the e--lbo~ c~-c~ above, the insert tips are p.~r~ .~ly half of 20 the total height of the insert or less. The insert tips each have a conical working surface which is pl~.ably ~uI,~lanLially covered with the fii~mond coating.
The cutting tools according to the present invention are m~nllf~rtllred in a manner which avoids the problems ~ ~ with the prior art ~etho~lc In particular, the method acculding to the present invention avoids softening of the tool body and looseni W O 97/283.53 _9_ PCT/SE97/00064 of the insert by ~ e..l;.lg the formation of a L~ lL~.~ zone with a low ha~dlles~ during brazing.
Acco~.ling to the present invention, the cutting tools shown in FIGS. 3-6 are made by the following method. The tool body 10 is ~ I.ined out of a wear r~ L material 5 commonly used for these types of tools, such as steel. The insert body ll and the insert tip 12 are formed of a material such as carbide, and the insert tip is coated with a wear ku~t coating as dPs. rihed above. After initial clP~ning and ~ ll of the tool body 10 and insert parts 11,12, brazing of the cutting tool starts. ln the case of the cutting tools shown in FIGS. 3-6, the tool will be ...-.-..r~ d by first brazing the 10support surface 20 of the insert 11 (the carbide base) to the tool body 10. The tool body 10 and the base of the insert l 1 will be fully heated to a ~ where the braze alloy ,vill melt. The lGlll~.dt~l~ at which the braze alloy will melt may be dete.lllil.ed acco~dillg to a l~o~ ud~Pd braze tl..lll~l,.~lll~; for the alloy in use. When the braze alloy is fully melted, the heating cycle stops and the cooling cycle begins.
15The t~,.ll~GldtUlG of the tool body 10 and insert l 1 assembly will be allowed to drop to a point so that so]i-lific~tior- of the braze alloy will ~ake place. Cooling may be accelerated by blowing forced air on the insert so that the braze alloy will solidify faster.
However, cooling can also be accompli~hPcl in other known manners.
When the insert has solidified the whole tool will be quenched so that a ~--~Le-ls;Lic 20 transformation will take place. During ~I..Pnc~ g the tool body lO and insert 11 will reach a uniform hal.l..~ ss throughout. The assembly will then be ~.npe.Gd according to hlown ~.nl.~.;ng procedures.
As a next step, the small fli~moncl çnh~nced insert tip 12 will be brazed to the ~ carbide insert l l. The brazing of the insert tip 12 will be done in such a way that the W 097/28353 -lo- PCT/SE97/00064.,.nl.t in the tool body 10 will stay below the limit where a sorlcni.,g of the steel will take place. Only the carbide insert 11 and the insert tip 12 will be affected by the high braze ~f ~p~
According to this P1~1U~G the Cf p7' 'y mqnllf-q~tllred tool will have a unifonn5 ha,~lnf ss ll-luu~,llou~ the tool body 10, which improves the wear rf Cictqn~p of the tool.
The tool will also have a ~iiqm~nfl fnhqn~d tip for iln}Jl~-.vcd cutting ~.r~..",~,~.
The cutting tool shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 wi31 be mqnllfqrt~red according to a ucf~lulG which is similar to the plocf~lulc tliccucc~ above. As a first step a base 34 of the carbide ring 33 will be brazed to a surface of the steel tool body 30. Alternatively, both the carbide ring 33 and the insert body 31 will be brazed to the tool body 30 at the same time. Which of the two alternatives is used is ~ f ~t. on the braze alloy used for the bra~e process but will not change the principle for the present invention. The tool body 30 and insert 31 assembly will then be quenched as described above and the small diamond coated insert tip 32 will be brazed onto the insert body 31 as described earlier.
Another illl~101 lanL advantage of the process de ,~ ~ ;tlecl and according to the present invention is that it can be done very cost effective through the use of only a small diamond enh~nce~ insert tip instead of a big diamond Pnh~n- ed insert. Accol.ling to the present invention, the expensive ~i~mond material can be placed in a manner in which it will be utilized in an optimal way.
~lthongh the present invention has been dcs.;lit)ed in connP~tion with plt;~.l~dembo-limPntc thereof, it will be ~re~,ialed by those skilled in the art that ~lrlitil~nc, mo~ifi~tionc, substitutions, and c~Plptionc not specifir~lly dcs~;libed may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the ap"ended claims.
Various styles of rotatable cutting tools with a diamond enh~ncç~i inserts are known for use in mining and construction operations. These tools are known as "Point Attack Tools" or "Conical Tools." When this kind of cutting tool is being used, a 20 cul..l,.on problem is the wear of the material around the rli~mon~ enh~need insert. As this wear pru~ ses, eventually the insert will lose its support and come loose from the tool body to which it is ~t~ch~ This problem is called "steel wash" around the insert.
W O 97/28353 -2- PCTtSE97/00064 For breaLcing or excavating of hard wear resistant m~t~ri~lc, for instance for milling in poured asphalt (mastic), tools are used of the type shown in FIG. 1. This tool c~ " ;~,5 a tool body 10A of steel and a cutting insert l lA of hard metal. The cutting insert 1 lA is provided with a conical tip portion 12A and a shoulder 13A which is S intenrled to rest against a ~,u~ Ling surface 14A on the tool body 10A. A wide based cutting insert of this type is known as a "cap." The rear contact surface 20A of the choul(i~r 13A is brazed to the ;.uppo,ling surface 14A. The cutting insert llA is provided with a conical .~ ..l.edidl~: portion lSA which is located between the tip portion 12A and the shoulder 13A. The portion 15A protects the portion of the tool body 10A
10 s.lllou,.ding the cutting insert 1 lA from such wear that would cause the cutting insert llA to get loose. When wear resistant material is excavated, for inct~n~e during milling in poured asphalt, the tip portion 12A b~o---es blunt-ended upon some wear of the cutting insert l lA. This wear i--cre~ ses the required cutting force.
One way of decreasing the cutting force required for worn tools would be to use a 15 tool of the type shown in FIG. 2. Since the cutting insert llB has a smaller d;~
than the cutting insert 1 lA the cutting force is reduced. However, this should mean that the portion 16B of the tool body 10B surrounding the cutting insert llB would be rapidly abraded, thereby causing the cutting insert 1 lB to loosen. Thus, cutting inserts of the type shown in FIG. 2 are suitable for use solely where the hard metal del~....ines the life 20 of the tool, for inct~nre milling in concrete.
Another way of ~lut~ling the steel is to place a ring of carbide around a carbide insert shaped like a bullet such as the insert 1 lB. This co-nbinaLion basically func~ion~
the same as the "cap." A problem with both the "cap" and the combination of the insert W O 97/283!53 _3_ PCT/SE97/00064 and the ring is that the very top of the insert wears down. When this happens the whole top ~,eo...~ y b~ o~ c ~'blunt" and the cutting forces and the dust ~ ;nll increase.
In order to o~,~o.,.e this problem, it has been ~..g~ d to keep the tip of the tool sharp by enh~ n~ the carbide material of the tip with a layer of ~ monri m~tPriz-5 A di~moll~l coating layer provides improved cutting çffi~jency, reduced dust g~less risk for fr;çtinn~l ignition~, etc. However, a c-,....l.oll problem ~ y related to thes~, r1i~ r] coated tools is the fact that the rli~mon~l ~Llu~;Lul~ cannot withstand t~ h .~u..~s higher than about 650~C which might be present during the process of b8ng the cutting insert to the tool body. This problem can be solved ~y use of a "heat 10 sink" during the brazing process to keep ~he area cont~ining~ mon-~s at a lower t....~,~ .dLulc.
A second problem with ~ morlrl coated cutting inserts is that if the ~ mon(l f-nh~nce~ insert is top brazed to a harde"ed steel body, the steel will get a Lc-l-~.ed zone with lower ha,d"ess just below the insert. In this L.-.peled zone with lower ha..l..~ ,~ the 15 wear rate will be higher and the risk of losing the insert is in~;~.
The cutting insert is fonned witll a generally conical tip portion and provided with a ~holllder which is int.-n~ed to rest against a supporting surface on the tool body. The cutting insert according to the present invention provides a wear-resistant tool of the abo~,e type which requires a low cutting force at the same time as it is ensured that the 20 risk is low that the cutting insert will get loose even during working in wear resistant n~tfri~l, The invention is described in detail in the following with l~;~rence to the acco..,~ying drawings, in which three embo~limfntc are shown by way of example. It W O 97/28353 _4_ PCT/SE97/00064 is to be understood that these embo lim~nt~ are only illl~st~tive of the invention and that various moAifi~tion~ thereof may be made within the scope of the claims.
SUIVIMARY
The invention involves a wear l~kulll~u~kal)lc excavating tool for breal~ng hard 5 m~tPri~t which addresses the p.ol,le."s ~ d with the prior art cutting tools. In part;cular the cutting tool acco-~ling to the present invention has improved strength because it is made in a manner which avoids the creation of a le.,l~.~;l zone of lower h~dness in the tool body. In :rlAiticn~ the cutting tool acco,ding to the present invention is more economical to make due to a reduced amount of diamond coating material which 10 is used.
Acco,dil~g to one aspect of the invention a method of forming a cutting tool is dicclosed which co~ -ises brazing an insert to a tool body with a braze alloy by heating the insert and tool body to a ~ ; at which the braze alloy melts, cooling the insert and tool body, quenrhing the insert and tool body, and brazing a diamond ~nh~nce~ tip to 15 the insert while ~ hll,.;~.;.lg a te~ .e of the tool body below a te~ re at which ~nftPning of the tool body would take place.
According to another aspect of the invention, a wear resistant cutting tool is Ai~t~lns~A which is formed by brazing an insert to a tool body wi~h a braze alloy by heating to a 1~ p~ llft at which the braze alloy melts, cooling the insert and tool body, 20 ~ hing the insert and tool body, and brazing a diamond e~-h~ e~ tip to the insert while ~ h~g a ~-"l~ t of the tool body below a l~lll~alul~ at which so~.l.ng of the tool body would take place.
W O 97/283!;3 5 PCT/SE97/00064 BRIE~F DESCRIPr~ON OF THE; DRAWlNGS
The invention will be d~ ed in greater detail with .~,f~,.encc to the a~ p;..,ying dlawi~ in which like rl- ~,....1~ bear like .c~.~,nc~, nnm~c, and when-in:
PIG. 1 is a side view, partly in section, of a prior art tool for breaking hard matelial;
FIG. 2 is a side view, partly in section, of a second prior art tool;
FIG. 3 is a side view, partly in section, of one e.l,bodi.--~,n~ of a tool acco~.ling to the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view of the cutting insert shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an eYplod~i side view of a second embodiment of the cutting insert according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the cufflng insert of FIG. S mn--nt~i in a tool body.
FIG. 7 is an ~YploA~ side view of a third embodiment of the cutting insert 15 according to the invention; and FIG. 8 is a side view of the cutting insert of FIG. 7 ~nounted in a tool body.
DFTAn-~n DF~CRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIl\~IENTS
According to the invention, a low energy point attack tool is provided which inrh~ c a cutting insert 11 in the form of a "cap" wherein the insert is provided with an 20 insert tip 12 having a wear ~ l coating of a m~ri~l harder than the insert. The method of fixing the wear r~ ~ t coated insert tip 12 to the insert 11 will be ~I;ccucc~d further below. The wear ~ L~-I coating is formed of a material which is harder than the material of the cutting insert 11 and the cutting insert tip 12. For inct~nce, the insert W O 97/28353 -6~ PCT/SE97/00064 11 and insert tip 12 can be a ~,U~ r~ carbide and the coating on the insert tip can be monrl andtor cubic boron nitride. The coating can be applied on the exposed surface of the insert dp 12 with or without one or more hltc....edidLe non~ -AmQrtd layers such as Ti, TiC, TiN, etc. ll-~f~L~h.~.-. The coating can be applied by PVD, CVD, high 5 ~ dtUrethigh pl~ UI~. (HTtHP) or other conventional technique. The wear ~ L~u~t coating and ih~tc..llcdiate layers can each have a thi~ n~o$5 of from about l.O~m to about lOOf~m and the total ~hi~nPcc of the coating can reach 500~m or more ~ tlrfin~ on the ~1.;~'1..,. ~ of each layer and number of layers. For inct~Anre, the coating can include several layers of ~ mnn~l ~pdUdt~,d by non~ mond layers. U.S. Patent Nos. 5,154,245 and 4,707,384, the llict~losures of which are hereby inco.~ dted by reference, disclose several diarnond coating techniques which can be used for applying the coating.
The wear resistant coating of the insert tip 12 allows the geo.-,t;l.y of the insert tip to be Ill-Aill~ d for a longer time thus reducing the amount of dust created by the tool, reducing the cutting forces, reducing forces acting on the tool, reducing heat created by 15 the cutting action of the tool, and reducing the possibility of sparking which could otherwise occur due to the contact between the cPm~n~Pd carbide tool and the material being excavated.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cutting insert 11 in a tool according to the invention is provided with an intermediate portion 17 between the insert tip 12 and a 20 shoulder 13. The in~....e liatt; portion c(J,l,p-ises a concave portion 17'. Due to the inlcl.,lcliate surface portion 17, the required cutting force is .I AitllA;ned low even when the insert tip 12 b-- u...es worn, since the tip size remains generally the same as the tip wears down along the interrnediate surface portion 17. Due to this design it is also ensured that the steel in the tool body 10 surrounding the cutting insert is p -~L~Led W 0 97/28353 7_ PCT/S~97/00064 against ~ ldtUl-, abrasion. This protection is provided by the concave portion 17' and the 5houl~r 13.
The wear resistant coating 60 is preferably applied on the outer surface of the insert tip 12. However, the wear resistant coating 60 can also be applied on theinterrnediate portion 17 and/or the shoulder 13 in any desirable pattern which co .pl~ t~
covers or partially covers the worlcing surface. Preferably, at least the insert tip 12 is comrlPtPly covered with the coating 60.
As shown in FIG. 4, the portion 17 can c~ ;se a circular-cylindrical portion 17'r located ~13~rrnt to the insert tip 12. In this e.llbo~ ,nt the distance "a~ from the t~.~nc;tion 18 between the insert tip 12 and the intermediate portion 17 to the radially outermost portion 19 of the rear contact surface 20 of the shoulder 13 is larger than the distance "b" from the transition 18 to the axially forwardmost portion of the tip portion 12. A rear contact surface 20 of the insert is intPn-1Pd to rest against the ~.ul,~o,li"~, surface 14 of the tool body 10.
Further, in the illustrated embo~limPnt the smallest ~ mPtpr "d" of the concave portion 17' is smaller than the sum of the above-defined ~lict~nrPc "a" and "b". The concave portion 17' is l~lcr~-ably provided with a con~t~nt radius of curvature. The enveloping surface of the cylin~ l portion 17" extends tangentially to the arc-shaped portion 17'.
In the i~ Ctr~tP~ embodiment the cutting insert 11 is provided with a rear contact surface 20 projecting ,ca~wal-lly from the shoulder 13. The end surface of this rear conta~t surface 20 is shown as planar. It might, however, be recessed, for instance it could be half-spherical or of the general W-shape illustrated in Swedish Patent Application No. 8400269-0. The bottom of the recess might rest against a CC~ oll.lingly shaped ~lul~ ion on the tool body, or, altematively, the recess might provide a cavity.
In a further ,.,ot~ ;OIl, the cutting insert 11 might be made without a rear l~u;eulion. The rear end surface of the cutting insert, i.e. the end surface of the 5 cht)ultit~r, and the coope..-ling front surface of the tool body might be tie~igntd acco.~li..g to any of the above alt~,-.ati~.
An ~ltt~rn~tive r .-l~o~ t of the cutting tool is i~ -,-tf~ in FIGS. S and 6. In this ,~...ho~ an insert 21 is shown which is more elon~t~d than the insert 11. In particular, the height Y of the insert tip 22 is less than 0.25 of the total height X of the insert 21 and the insert tip. The insert 21 is shown in FIG. 6 ~-loul-led in the tool body 10.
A third embodiment of the cutting tool according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. The tool accoldillg to this e ..botl;...~ ~ includes a tool body 30, an insert body 31, an insert tip 32, and a ring 33. The ring is ~lef~,ably formed of a 15 carbide material. As shown in FIG. 7, the height Y' of the insert tip 32 is a~.u~ tcly one third of the total height X' of the ring 33 and the insert tip 32. The carbide ring 33 provides a similar function to the shoulder 13 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
In each of the e--lbo~ c~-c~ above, the insert tips are p.~r~ .~ly half of 20 the total height of the insert or less. The insert tips each have a conical working surface which is pl~.ably ~uI,~lanLially covered with the fii~mond coating.
The cutting tools according to the present invention are m~nllf~rtllred in a manner which avoids the problems ~ ~ with the prior art ~etho~lc In particular, the method acculding to the present invention avoids softening of the tool body and looseni W O 97/283.53 _9_ PCT/SE97/00064 of the insert by ~ e..l;.lg the formation of a L~ lL~.~ zone with a low ha~dlles~ during brazing.
Acco~.ling to the present invention, the cutting tools shown in FIGS. 3-6 are made by the following method. The tool body 10 is ~ I.ined out of a wear r~ L material 5 commonly used for these types of tools, such as steel. The insert body ll and the insert tip 12 are formed of a material such as carbide, and the insert tip is coated with a wear ku~t coating as dPs. rihed above. After initial clP~ning and ~ ll of the tool body 10 and insert parts 11,12, brazing of the cutting tool starts. ln the case of the cutting tools shown in FIGS. 3-6, the tool will be ...-.-..r~ d by first brazing the 10support surface 20 of the insert 11 (the carbide base) to the tool body 10. The tool body 10 and the base of the insert l 1 will be fully heated to a ~ where the braze alloy ,vill melt. The lGlll~.dt~l~ at which the braze alloy will melt may be dete.lllil.ed acco~dillg to a l~o~ ud~Pd braze tl..lll~l,.~lll~; for the alloy in use. When the braze alloy is fully melted, the heating cycle stops and the cooling cycle begins.
15The t~,.ll~GldtUlG of the tool body 10 and insert l 1 assembly will be allowed to drop to a point so that so]i-lific~tior- of the braze alloy will ~ake place. Cooling may be accelerated by blowing forced air on the insert so that the braze alloy will solidify faster.
However, cooling can also be accompli~hPcl in other known manners.
When the insert has solidified the whole tool will be quenched so that a ~--~Le-ls;Lic 20 transformation will take place. During ~I..Pnc~ g the tool body lO and insert 11 will reach a uniform hal.l..~ ss throughout. The assembly will then be ~.npe.Gd according to hlown ~.nl.~.;ng procedures.
As a next step, the small fli~moncl çnh~nced insert tip 12 will be brazed to the ~ carbide insert l l. The brazing of the insert tip 12 will be done in such a way that the W 097/28353 -lo- PCT/SE97/00064.,.nl.t in the tool body 10 will stay below the limit where a sorlcni.,g of the steel will take place. Only the carbide insert 11 and the insert tip 12 will be affected by the high braze ~f ~p~
According to this P1~1U~G the Cf p7' 'y mqnllf-q~tllred tool will have a unifonn5 ha,~lnf ss ll-luu~,llou~ the tool body 10, which improves the wear rf Cictqn~p of the tool.
The tool will also have a ~iiqm~nfl fnhqn~d tip for iln}Jl~-.vcd cutting ~.r~..",~,~.
The cutting tool shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 wi31 be mqnllfqrt~red according to a ucf~lulG which is similar to the plocf~lulc tliccucc~ above. As a first step a base 34 of the carbide ring 33 will be brazed to a surface of the steel tool body 30. Alternatively, both the carbide ring 33 and the insert body 31 will be brazed to the tool body 30 at the same time. Which of the two alternatives is used is ~ f ~t. on the braze alloy used for the bra~e process but will not change the principle for the present invention. The tool body 30 and insert 31 assembly will then be quenched as described above and the small diamond coated insert tip 32 will be brazed onto the insert body 31 as described earlier.
Another illl~101 lanL advantage of the process de ,~ ~ ;tlecl and according to the present invention is that it can be done very cost effective through the use of only a small diamond enh~nce~ insert tip instead of a big diamond Pnh~n- ed insert. Accol.ling to the present invention, the expensive ~i~mond material can be placed in a manner in which it will be utilized in an optimal way.
~lthongh the present invention has been dcs.;lit)ed in connP~tion with plt;~.l~dembo-limPntc thereof, it will be ~re~,ialed by those skilled in the art that ~lrlitil~nc, mo~ifi~tionc, substitutions, and c~Plptionc not specifir~lly dcs~;libed may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the ap"ended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method of forming a cutting tool comprising:
brazing an insert to a tool body with a braze alloy by heating the insert and tool body to a temperature at which the braze alloy melts;
cooling the insert and tool body;
quenching the insert and tool body;
temperature the insert and tool body; and brazing a diamond enhanced tip to the insert while maintaining a temperature of the tool body below a temperature at which softening of the tool body would take place.
brazing an insert to a tool body with a braze alloy by heating the insert and tool body to a temperature at which the braze alloy melts;
cooling the insert and tool body;
quenching the insert and tool body;
temperature the insert and tool body; and brazing a diamond enhanced tip to the insert while maintaining a temperature of the tool body below a temperature at which softening of the tool body would take place.
2. The method of forming a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the step of cooling the insert and tool body solidifies the braze alloy.
3. The method of forming a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the step of quenching the insert and tool body causes a martensitic transformation to take place.
4. The method of forming a cutting tool according to claim 3, wherein the quenching step results in an insert and tool body having a uniform hardness.
5. The method of forming a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the step of brazing the insert to the tool body includes brazing the insert and a surrounding ring to the tool body.
6. The method of forming a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a carbide insert is brazed to a tool body formed of steel.
7. The method of forming a cutting tool according to claim 5, wherein a carbide insert and a carbide ring are brazed to a tool body formed of steel.
8. The method of forming a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the diamond enhanced tip is a carbide tip with a diamond coating.
9. A wear resistant diamond enhanced cutting tool formed by a process comprising:
brazing an insert to a tool body with a braze alloy by heating the insert and tool body to a temperature at which the braze alloy melts;
cooling the insert and tool body;
quenching the insert and tool body;
tempering the insert and tool body; and brazing a diamond enhanced tip to the insert while maintaining a temperature of the tool body below a temperature at which softening of the tool body would take place.
brazing an insert to a tool body with a braze alloy by heating the insert and tool body to a temperature at which the braze alloy melts;
cooling the insert and tool body;
quenching the insert and tool body;
tempering the insert and tool body; and brazing a diamond enhanced tip to the insert while maintaining a temperature of the tool body below a temperature at which softening of the tool body would take place.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/593,465 US5837071A (en) | 1993-11-03 | 1996-01-29 | Diamond coated cutting tool insert and method of making same |
| US08/593,465 | 1996-01-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2243712A1 true CA2243712A1 (en) | 1997-08-07 |
Family
ID=24374819
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002243712A Abandoned CA2243712A1 (en) | 1996-01-29 | 1997-01-17 | Diamond coated cutting tool insert and method of making same |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5837071A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0877855B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2000504382A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU704833B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9707297A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2243712A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69707836T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997028353A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA97497B (en) |
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-
1996
- 1996-01-29 US US08/593,465 patent/US5837071A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-01-17 WO PCT/SE1997/000064 patent/WO1997028353A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-01-17 AU AU15615/97A patent/AU704833B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-01-17 EP EP97901863A patent/EP0877855B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-17 BR BR9707297A patent/BR9707297A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-17 CA CA002243712A patent/CA2243712A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-17 DE DE69707836T patent/DE69707836T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-17 JP JP9527541A patent/JP2000504382A/en active Pending
- 1997-01-21 ZA ZA9700497A patent/ZA97497B/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-03-23 US US09/045,639 patent/US6051079A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1561597A (en) | 1997-08-22 |
| EP0877855B1 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
| US5837071A (en) | 1998-11-17 |
| JP2000504382A (en) | 2000-04-11 |
| DE69707836T2 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
| DE69707836D1 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
| EP0877855A1 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
| ZA97497B (en) | 1997-08-01 |
| BR9707297A (en) | 1999-07-20 |
| US6051079A (en) | 2000-04-18 |
| AU704833B2 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
| WO1997028353A1 (en) | 1997-08-07 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |