CA2253131C - Transducer assembly - Google Patents
Transducer assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2253131C CA2253131C CA002253131A CA2253131A CA2253131C CA 2253131 C CA2253131 C CA 2253131C CA 002253131 A CA002253131 A CA 002253131A CA 2253131 A CA2253131 A CA 2253131A CA 2253131 C CA2253131 C CA 2253131C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- assembly
- transducer
- condition
- inductor
- capacitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
- B06B1/0215—Driving circuits for generating pulses, e.g. bursts of oscillations, envelopes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
- G01F23/2961—Acoustic waves for discrete levels
Abstract
A transducer assembly adapted for the pulse-emission of a signal and comprising a transducer (10) with a drive-circuit (20) therefor. The circuit (20) includes a charge-storage device (21), a wound-coil device (23) and one or more switching-elements (24, 25). The assembly can be used to determine the level of a fluid in an enclosed vessel.
Description
' CA 02253131 1999-O1-21 , , TRANSDUCER ASSEMBLY
This invention relates to a transducer assembly and in particular to a transducer assembly adapted for the pulse-emission of a signal.
This invention also relates to a method of comparing a first condition within a container and a second condition within said container by means of such a transducer system.
Transducer assemblies are known in which a signal is generated by way of a cable and a step-up transformer. The need to provide a high peak power in such an assembly restricts the choice of wire used for the cable.
The applicants have now devised a transducer assembly in which only the average power need be delivered along the cable, which can operate at a low voltage and low current, which is capable of considerably enhanced resolution and which can be used in hazardous areas (for example to determine the level of a flammable substance in an enclosed vessel) .
Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a transducer assembly adapted for the pulse-emission of a signal, the assembly comprising:
(a) a transducer;
(b) a drive-circuit for the transducer (a) , in which the drive-circuit includes a charge storage device, a wound coil assembly and at least one switching element, all components of the drive-circuit (b) being operatively associated with one another and with the transducer (a) .
Suitably, the transducer (a) comprises one or more surfaces (e.g. of a ceramic material) which are capable of exhibiting a piezo-electric effect.
Preferably, the transducer (a) is an air-transducer.
Preferably, the charge storage device comprises a capacitor, for example a capacitor having a capacitance in the order of 1000 ,uF. The capacitor may be operatively associated with one or more batteries.
Alternatively, the charge storage device consists essentially of one or more batteries, the capacitor being omitted.
The wound coil device may consist of one or more windings wound on a magnetic core, in the manner of a transformer, and conventionally termed an inductor due to the presence of a gap in the magnetic core and therefore deliberate energy storage within the device. Preferably the inductor has an inductance in the order of 1 mH. Suitably, the inductor may be adapted to resonate with the transducer (a) at a selected frequency or over a selected frequency-range.
The inductor may be provided with any number of tap points (including none), the principle purpose of which are to control the proportion of the transducer peak voltage that is presented across the switching elements.
The switching elements will preferably be composed of semiconductor devices. At least one switching element is required, and in this simplest configuration the switching element is closed in order to build up a current in the inductor, and opened in order to redirect this current onto the transducer.
A further switching element can be added, in conjunction with a dissipative element, or resistance, in order to dissipate the pulse energy after a defined time, this has the effect of curtailing the duration of the sound pulse.
Further switches can be incorporated in order to recycle some of this energy.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of comparing a first condition and a second condition of a container, in which one or more parameters of each said condition is measured by means including at least one transducer assembly according to the first aspect of the present invention, hereinabove described, and the results of each said measurement are compared by means of a comparison system operatively associated with said transducer assembly.
For example, the first condition of the container may correspond to the situation wherein the container is empty and the second condition may be may correspond to the situation wherein the container is at least partly filled. The first condition may be determined by a single measurement if the vessel is empty, or may be determined incrementally as the vessel empties.
Preferably one of the two conditions is taken as a "base" or "reference" condition for the comparison. For example, the empty condition of a container (such as a silo) may be expressed to be the r "base" or "reference" condition and the filled or partly-filled condition may then be expressed as being relative to that "base" or "reference".
Comparison of the two conditions may be achieved by means of systems which are well known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates.
The present invention will be illustrated, merely by way of example, in the following description and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a transducer assembly according to the first aspect of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the variation of parameters of the assembly of Figure 1 with time.
Referring to Figure 1, the assembly comprises a transducer (shown generally at 10) and a drive-circuit (shown generally at 20) therefor.
The transducer 10 is represented by a first capacitor 11 inherent in the device, operatively associated with a second capacitor 12, a resistor 13 and an inductor 14 which represent the mechanical resonance properties of the said transducer.
The drive-circuit 20 comprises an charge storage device (which is represented by capacitor 21) and which is supplied from a D.C. supply S
necessarily incorporating some source resistance, resistor 22. An inductor 23 is installed in the drive-circuit 20 in such a way that it may both receive an input current from capacitor 21 and transmit that current to capacitor 11. This is achieved by a switch 24 positioned at some point along the inductor winding. A further combination of switch 25 and 5 resistor 26 may also be positioned at some point along the winding to provide a degree of pulse shaping by increasing the rate of decay of the pulse after a predetermined time.
In Figure 2, the schematic plots are made against time and have the following significance:
Vc: represents the voltage across the capacitor 21;
CHARGE/FIRE: represents the operation of switch 24;
Ip: represents the current in the primary winding of inductor 23;
Vs: represents the secondary voltage impressed upon capacitor 11.
DAMP: represents the operation of switch 25.
In operation of the transducer assembly, power is supplied to capacitor 21 from supply S (this corresponds to point A in Figure 2) and the voltage across capacitor 21 rises to its predetermined maximum (about 24v) as shown by the plot Vc in Figure 2. On reaching the maximum voltage (i.e. after a time interval corresponding to point B in Figure 2) the switch 24 is closed and the primary winding of the inductor 23 receives an input voltage from capacitor 11 which causes the current in the said primary winding to increase. Upon the subsequent opening of switch 24, the current built up in the inductor can now only flow into the transducer, and will generate a voltage across the transducer commensurate with the energy held originally in the inductor.
Some of this current will flow through the series-resonant arms of the transducer, 12, 13, 14 which will therefore emit sound waves.
With suitably chosen values of inductor 23 and capacitor 11 interchange of energy between the inductor 23 and the capacitor 11 of the transducer can be made to occur close to the resonant frequency of the transducer, thus maximising the excitation of the transducer.
Application of the switch 25 damps the voltage Vs for which increases the losses in the resonant system (inductor 23 and capacitor 11), and thus increases the rate at which the pulse decays, which can be a desirable factor (see plot Vs in Figure 2).
For example, a transducer assembly of the type hereinabove described can be used to determine the level of contents of fuel in a tank, of water in a well, of feed in a silo or of the rate of flow of water over a weir.
This invention relates to a transducer assembly and in particular to a transducer assembly adapted for the pulse-emission of a signal.
This invention also relates to a method of comparing a first condition within a container and a second condition within said container by means of such a transducer system.
Transducer assemblies are known in which a signal is generated by way of a cable and a step-up transformer. The need to provide a high peak power in such an assembly restricts the choice of wire used for the cable.
The applicants have now devised a transducer assembly in which only the average power need be delivered along the cable, which can operate at a low voltage and low current, which is capable of considerably enhanced resolution and which can be used in hazardous areas (for example to determine the level of a flammable substance in an enclosed vessel) .
Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a transducer assembly adapted for the pulse-emission of a signal, the assembly comprising:
(a) a transducer;
(b) a drive-circuit for the transducer (a) , in which the drive-circuit includes a charge storage device, a wound coil assembly and at least one switching element, all components of the drive-circuit (b) being operatively associated with one another and with the transducer (a) .
Suitably, the transducer (a) comprises one or more surfaces (e.g. of a ceramic material) which are capable of exhibiting a piezo-electric effect.
Preferably, the transducer (a) is an air-transducer.
Preferably, the charge storage device comprises a capacitor, for example a capacitor having a capacitance in the order of 1000 ,uF. The capacitor may be operatively associated with one or more batteries.
Alternatively, the charge storage device consists essentially of one or more batteries, the capacitor being omitted.
The wound coil device may consist of one or more windings wound on a magnetic core, in the manner of a transformer, and conventionally termed an inductor due to the presence of a gap in the magnetic core and therefore deliberate energy storage within the device. Preferably the inductor has an inductance in the order of 1 mH. Suitably, the inductor may be adapted to resonate with the transducer (a) at a selected frequency or over a selected frequency-range.
The inductor may be provided with any number of tap points (including none), the principle purpose of which are to control the proportion of the transducer peak voltage that is presented across the switching elements.
The switching elements will preferably be composed of semiconductor devices. At least one switching element is required, and in this simplest configuration the switching element is closed in order to build up a current in the inductor, and opened in order to redirect this current onto the transducer.
A further switching element can be added, in conjunction with a dissipative element, or resistance, in order to dissipate the pulse energy after a defined time, this has the effect of curtailing the duration of the sound pulse.
Further switches can be incorporated in order to recycle some of this energy.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of comparing a first condition and a second condition of a container, in which one or more parameters of each said condition is measured by means including at least one transducer assembly according to the first aspect of the present invention, hereinabove described, and the results of each said measurement are compared by means of a comparison system operatively associated with said transducer assembly.
For example, the first condition of the container may correspond to the situation wherein the container is empty and the second condition may be may correspond to the situation wherein the container is at least partly filled. The first condition may be determined by a single measurement if the vessel is empty, or may be determined incrementally as the vessel empties.
Preferably one of the two conditions is taken as a "base" or "reference" condition for the comparison. For example, the empty condition of a container (such as a silo) may be expressed to be the r "base" or "reference" condition and the filled or partly-filled condition may then be expressed as being relative to that "base" or "reference".
Comparison of the two conditions may be achieved by means of systems which are well known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates.
The present invention will be illustrated, merely by way of example, in the following description and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a transducer assembly according to the first aspect of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the variation of parameters of the assembly of Figure 1 with time.
Referring to Figure 1, the assembly comprises a transducer (shown generally at 10) and a drive-circuit (shown generally at 20) therefor.
The transducer 10 is represented by a first capacitor 11 inherent in the device, operatively associated with a second capacitor 12, a resistor 13 and an inductor 14 which represent the mechanical resonance properties of the said transducer.
The drive-circuit 20 comprises an charge storage device (which is represented by capacitor 21) and which is supplied from a D.C. supply S
necessarily incorporating some source resistance, resistor 22. An inductor 23 is installed in the drive-circuit 20 in such a way that it may both receive an input current from capacitor 21 and transmit that current to capacitor 11. This is achieved by a switch 24 positioned at some point along the inductor winding. A further combination of switch 25 and 5 resistor 26 may also be positioned at some point along the winding to provide a degree of pulse shaping by increasing the rate of decay of the pulse after a predetermined time.
In Figure 2, the schematic plots are made against time and have the following significance:
Vc: represents the voltage across the capacitor 21;
CHARGE/FIRE: represents the operation of switch 24;
Ip: represents the current in the primary winding of inductor 23;
Vs: represents the secondary voltage impressed upon capacitor 11.
DAMP: represents the operation of switch 25.
In operation of the transducer assembly, power is supplied to capacitor 21 from supply S (this corresponds to point A in Figure 2) and the voltage across capacitor 21 rises to its predetermined maximum (about 24v) as shown by the plot Vc in Figure 2. On reaching the maximum voltage (i.e. after a time interval corresponding to point B in Figure 2) the switch 24 is closed and the primary winding of the inductor 23 receives an input voltage from capacitor 11 which causes the current in the said primary winding to increase. Upon the subsequent opening of switch 24, the current built up in the inductor can now only flow into the transducer, and will generate a voltage across the transducer commensurate with the energy held originally in the inductor.
Some of this current will flow through the series-resonant arms of the transducer, 12, 13, 14 which will therefore emit sound waves.
With suitably chosen values of inductor 23 and capacitor 11 interchange of energy between the inductor 23 and the capacitor 11 of the transducer can be made to occur close to the resonant frequency of the transducer, thus maximising the excitation of the transducer.
Application of the switch 25 damps the voltage Vs for which increases the losses in the resonant system (inductor 23 and capacitor 11), and thus increases the rate at which the pulse decays, which can be a desirable factor (see plot Vs in Figure 2).
For example, a transducer assembly of the type hereinabove described can be used to determine the level of contents of fuel in a tank, of water in a well, of feed in a silo or of the rate of flow of water over a weir.
Claims (12)
1. A transducer assembly adapted for the pulse-emission of a signal, said assembly comprising:
(a) a transducer;
(b) a drive-circuit for said transducer (a), wherein said drive-circuit includes a charge storage device and a wound coil assembly, all said components of said drive-circuit (b) being operatively associated with one another and with said transducer (a), and wherein said wound coil assembly is provided with at least one tap to produce at least one tapped portion of the inductor and at least one switching element adapted to close said at least one tap to cause the build up of energy in the inductor and to subsequently open said tap to cause the interchange of energy between the inductor and transducer at a resonant frequency of the transducer.
(a) a transducer;
(b) a drive-circuit for said transducer (a), wherein said drive-circuit includes a charge storage device and a wound coil assembly, all said components of said drive-circuit (b) being operatively associated with one another and with said transducer (a), and wherein said wound coil assembly is provided with at least one tap to produce at least one tapped portion of the inductor and at least one switching element adapted to close said at least one tap to cause the build up of energy in the inductor and to subsequently open said tap to cause the interchange of energy between the inductor and transducer at a resonant frequency of the transducer.
2. The assembly of Claim 1, wherein said transducer (a) includes one or more surfaces comprising a material capable of exhibiting a piezo-electric effect.
3. The assembly of Claim 2, wherein said material capable of exhibiting a piezo-electric effect is a ceramic material.
4. The assembly of Claim 1, wherein said transducer (a) is an air-transducer.
5. The assembly of Claim 1, wherein said charge storage device comprises a capacitor.
6. The assembly of Claim 5, wherein said capacitor has a capacitance of about 1000 µF.
7. The assembly of Claim 5, wherein said capacitor is operatively associated with at least one battery.
8 8. The assembly of Claim 1, wherein said charge storage device comprises at least one battery.
9. The assembly of Claim 1. wherein said wound coil device comprises one or more windings on a core of a magnetic material and functions as an inductor.
10. The assembly of Claim 9, wherein said inductor has an inductance of about 1 mH.
11. A method of comparing a first condition and a second condition of an enclosed container, wherein said method comprises:
(i) utilizing at least one transducer assembly of claim 1 to measure at least one parameter of each of said first condition and said second condition, and (ii) comparing results of said measured parameters.
(i) utilizing at least one transducer assembly of claim 1 to measure at least one parameter of each of said first condition and said second condition, and (ii) comparing results of said measured parameters.
12. The method of Claim 11, wherein said first condition of said container corresponds to said container being empty and said second condition of said container corresponds to said container being at least partly filled.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9722987.6A GB9722987D0 (en) | 1997-11-01 | 1997-11-01 | Transducer assembly |
| GB9722987.6 | 1997-11-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2253131A1 CA2253131A1 (en) | 1999-05-01 |
| CA2253131C true CA2253131C (en) | 2007-02-13 |
Family
ID=10821350
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002253131A Expired - Lifetime CA2253131C (en) | 1997-11-01 | 1998-10-30 | Transducer assembly |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6234017B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0913672A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11207257A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU754744B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2253131C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9722987D0 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA989959B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7723899B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2010-05-25 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Active material and light emitting device |
| US7538473B2 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2009-05-26 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Drive circuits and methods for ultrasonic piezoelectric actuators |
| DE102012213556A1 (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electrical circuit for the operation of a transceiver unit |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2990543A (en) * | 1956-05-18 | 1961-06-27 | Acoustica Associates Inc | Sensing the presence or absence of material |
| GB1415973A (en) * | 1973-03-27 | 1975-12-03 | Euratom | Ultrasonic signal generators |
| DE2357499C3 (en) | 1973-11-17 | 1979-03-01 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Ultrasonic transmitter for remote control of radio and television receivers |
| US4144517A (en) * | 1977-08-05 | 1979-03-13 | Joseph Baumoel | Single transducer liquid level detector |
| DE3003317C2 (en) | 1980-01-30 | 1984-08-23 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Circuit for alternating sending and receiving with one and the same transducer |
| US4523472A (en) * | 1980-07-02 | 1985-06-18 | Purecycle Corporation | Ultrasonic transceiver circuit |
| DE3048632A1 (en) | 1980-12-23 | 1982-07-22 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR AND THE LIKE |
| DE3328907A1 (en) | 1983-08-10 | 1985-02-28 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | PIEZOELECTRIC SOUND SWITCHING |
| US4701893A (en) | 1986-05-16 | 1987-10-20 | Denning Mobile Robotics, Inc. | Ultrasonic ranging system |
| US5087850A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1992-02-11 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic transducer apparatus |
| US5095747A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1992-03-17 | Barnstead Thermolyne Corporation | Cryogenic liquid level sensing apparatus |
| US5073878A (en) | 1990-10-31 | 1991-12-17 | Cyber Scientific | Circuit for driving an acoustic transducer |
| FR2687258A1 (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1993-08-13 | Asulab Sa | DEVICE COMPRISING A PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER. |
| US5260910A (en) | 1992-10-15 | 1993-11-09 | Milltronics Ltd. | High resolution acoustic pulse-echo ranging system |
| US5456114A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1995-10-10 | Panametrics, Inc. | Elastic wave sensing system |
| US5347495A (en) | 1993-04-30 | 1994-09-13 | Milltronics Ltd. | Matching transformer for ultrasonic transducer |
| US5594352A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1997-01-14 | Arizona Instrument Corporation | Fuel tank transducer module circuit |
| US5765433A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1998-06-16 | Arizona Instrument Corporation | Liquid measuring system and methods |
-
1997
- 1997-11-01 GB GBGB9722987.6A patent/GB9722987D0/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-10-29 US US09/182,374 patent/US6234017B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-30 AU AU89629/98A patent/AU754744B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-10-30 ZA ZA9809959A patent/ZA989959B/en unknown
- 1998-10-30 CA CA002253131A patent/CA2253131C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-30 EP EP98308904A patent/EP0913672A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-11-02 JP JP10311990A patent/JPH11207257A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11207257A (en) | 1999-08-03 |
| ZA989959B (en) | 1999-08-04 |
| US6234017B1 (en) | 2001-05-22 |
| GB9722987D0 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
| EP0913672A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
| AU754744B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
| CA2253131A1 (en) | 1999-05-01 |
| AU8962998A (en) | 1999-05-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20181030 |