CA2259236A1 - A method for applying plastic soil mulch - Google Patents
A method for applying plastic soil mulch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2259236A1 CA2259236A1 CA002259236A CA2259236A CA2259236A1 CA 2259236 A1 CA2259236 A1 CA 2259236A1 CA 002259236 A CA002259236 A CA 002259236A CA 2259236 A CA2259236 A CA 2259236A CA 2259236 A1 CA2259236 A1 CA 2259236A1
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- Prior art keywords
- soil
- coats
- spraying
- polymer
- spray
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/09—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/52—Mulches
Abstract
The present invention provides a novel method for applying liquid plastic polymers to soil surfaces in order to form a continuous membrane film for soil mulch. The method related to in the present invention comprises: a) smoothing and saturating the soil surface, b) coating the said soil with plastic coats by spraying an appropriate polymer formulation for forming said plastic coats on said soil by spraying means, wherein the polymer formulation is applied in at least two coats, first a basic coat consisting of a diluted formulation of the polymer and successively other coats consisting up to 40 % polymer and wherein the spraying means are comprised of a sprayer unit consisting of a boom whose spraying line is mounted with flat fan nozzles placed at short distances apart. The plastic mulch produced by the method of the present invention is useful particularly for enhancing crop production, disinfestation of soil by solarization and prevention of soil erosion.
Description
.~
W O 98101510 PCT~197100222 A METHOD FOR APPLYING Pl ASTIC SOIL MULC~
Field of the inven~on The pr~sellt invention relates to a me~hod for applying liquid pIastic - polymers to soil s~ ees in order to form a con~nl~ous m~.mb~ne fi~m for soil mulch. T~s plastic mulch is usefill par~cularly for enh~ncin~ crop pro~llcti-n dici~.~;.lalion of soil by solarization and prevention of soil erosio~. The invention encompasses a set of applying procedures and spraying means for effecti~e and economic film ~ormin~ con~is1in~ of two stages: a) a~rol liate soil ~lc~dlion, b) apply~g of ~ro~fiate polymer spray formnl~t;on in at least two coats by no~vel spray means sand sprayillg procedure.
round of the invention Plas~ic mulch is an ess~nfi~l and wide~y used met~od m various agncultural soil mulc~g with plas~c films. Soil m~lchin~ during cold seasons results L~
elevated soil l~ ef~Lulcs and enhaIlced see~lin~ emergence, plant growth and crop pro~ ,tion Summer crops such as corn, ~ea~Ls and cotton ca~not be planted early in ~e se~c~)n Therefor ~1~ntin~ is delayed to late spnng a~d grow~ season is ~xten~ed to late fall. Therefor, the crop is c~posed to severe d~mage by early rai~s. A method for mcrea_i~g soil Le~e allows rl~nfir~g early in the season and increasing the potential OI crop yield.Soil.mulch duriDg c~op grow~ provides Ya~ioUS b~ne~ts. Mulch can be used for the pu~pose of repelling in~ectC Silver or yellow mnlch~s are u_ed to rcpel apl~ids and to ~lGl~ dam~ge from their feed~g and firom ~n~nission of viruses. White film ca~ be used to reduce soil tc.u~c.~Lulc du~ing hot penods. Mulch ca~ also provIde ~lotecLion i~om rot of ~uit touch~ng the soiL
such as tomato, melon and w;1t~ Plon So~l sol~7~fion is a me~hod for soil ~icinfec on co...si~;..g of co~/e~g the soil with ~an~ e~t plas~c ~lms du~ing t~e x~ The soil is heated for a penod of a ~ew weeks thl~s ef~ec~vely co~olli~g vanous soiIbo~e pests.
W 098/OlSlO PCT~L97100222 Applying plastic film~ for soil mulch is complicated. It requIres speciaI
mulching c~ ,e~t and inYolves speciaI procedures. The film's edges should be buned to hoId the film in place, and in cnn~nl-ous muIch the sheets are glued together. It is not possible to change t~e mulching pattern wh~le working and cap~rily of area coverage is limi~e-l When appIy~nr, to a pl~n~e~ f;eld, the sheets have to be pcl~aLcd or be removed immediately after emergence to a}~ow see~llin~ grow~ Plastic mn1chPs h~Ye to be removed from the fields duIing or at the end of crop growth P~astic removal is expensiYe and re~uires intens}ve labor. Plastic resi~l~s are o~ten Ieft in the fieId c~nsin~ problems to agricultural practices, m~.hill~ and future crops The present invention o~e,co...es ~ese disady~nt~es and provides a new method for soil ml~tchino by spraying latex - based poIymers. Although patents related to spraying polymer dispersions were previously issued, these ya~ focused on polyme~ t~pe and farmnt~hoIl, compositiorl a~d use and all of ~hese yd~ S con~id~r ~e use of avaiIable commercial sprays which are ILot a~ ;ate for ~,~..dLi~g a m~m~rane fil~n at ~ow r~tes of spray.
Therefor, ~he actua~ volume of spray required for effec~ve cover is l~eLw~
200 to 2000 ~m2, which is veIy high.
US patent 2,961,799 rli~c~oses a method for treating soil to y~ erosion.
The-method involves applyi~g to the soil a composition comrrt~tn~ abollt 0.5 to 5, ~lefel~ly about 2 to 4, weight percent of water insoluble mbber and 0.005 to 0.5, ~ bly about 0.05 to 01~5, weight yC~C~l of a counter penetrant at a rate providing about 0.25 to 5 o~ces per s~uare yard. T~Le COu~L~,~ p~n~ nt iS uscd to preYent ~e compolmd ~rom si~n;fi~nt~y pene~a~g the top layer of the soil. The type of sp}ayer used is ~ot import~n~ as long as it en~tes applying an even co~ng with relati~fe casy control.
W O98/01510 PCT~L97100222 B~i~sh paten~ 07,671 discloses a process for controlling soil erosion. l~e process comprises applying to the soil a latex of an oil ~ ncle~ rubber. The rubber latex may be e~t~ntled with ~0 to 1000 parts by weight of o~ per lûO
parts by weig~t of ru~ber. The latex is applied at a rate providing about 40 to 300 grams per square meter. T~e latex is applied at a solids' co~tent of about 5 to 30 perce~t.
US patent 4,705,816 co.~ ises a cignificantly higher solids level tha~ that in ~rst US patent Tnt~nlioned. The higher solid leveI is accomplishe~ by the addition of filler compound. This fonnnl~~ion rapidly dries to fo~n a crust on the soil surface. A cornmercially availabIe sprayiIIg equipmen~ may be used ~ ~his ~ve~ion as in the othef inv~ntinn~ me~tioned.
App~ication of polymer dispersion for soil mt}lch is uot simple and can~ot be regarded as spra,Ying other t~,h~mic~l~, such as herbicides. Soil sur~ace is rLot smooth and is porous. Soil surface should be smooth and compact to carry the spray f~lm a~d to preve~t le~chin~ of the dispersion. The latex dispersion is viscous and flows through the sprayers in a di~.,.e.,t patter~ than common liquid sprays. Therefor, the design of comm~cially available sprayers is not ~ro~Liate fo~ the purpose of a ~miforrr~ film at rates as low as 30 grlm2.
The aboYe me~tioned ~le~ refer to ~e use of commercially available sprays for appliç~tion of the dispersion. 1~L p~c~icP, all these i~vent ons mustuse a relatiYely high dosage of spray to accomplish a nniform and appropria~e coat, for the desired ~ic~ tal ~m~n~s.
The prese~t invention provides a ~ovel method for applying liqwd plastic polymers to soil s~ ces in order to form a cont-m~ous mpmbrane ilm. This spray mulch is for tl~e pu~pose par~culariy of ~ ncin~ crop production, ~ tnfest~ion of soil by sol~ri7~ion a~d prevention of soil erosion. The present method for spray aprli~*on of polymer mu~ch offers a feasible and cost efE~ective alt~*ve to plastic mulch The procedure used iII ~e prese~t in~ention results m ~ nlic reduc~on of ~e volume of ~e spray lc~ ed.
~'F~
s The polymer according to the present invertion may be appiied by spraying the des~red ~u~L~Lily. The sprayer of the present invention consists of spraying UDitS and placement to provide the ~ o~liate droplet si~e ~nd multiple overlappinO of the spray at each spot on the soiL in order to form a ~i"ir~""l conhnllous fi~n on the non smooth pattem of soil surface. The flexibility of noz~le type to be used according to the present invention, ~07vesthe advantage of adjusting boom hei ht according to field conditions and weat~er.
As used in this spe~ific~tiorl, the term "soil mulch" inçln itQs applying coats to cover the soil of trays of flowers or vegetables grown m greenhouses, fields such as in growi~g cereals including corn and SO~ in vegetable arld fruit farrr7~, outdoor nursenes for trees, shrubs and plants and also various ag:ricultural practices, including raised beds, fiat areas and others.
The term - "Applying liquid polymer to soil surface in order to fo7m a corltinuous membrane film~ as used in this specificatiorJ, me~ns t7~at when the compound is applied at a desired rate to the surface of soil or of an artificial rnedil7m, it w~ll form a ~Iexible fi~n according to polymer fo7~mll~tion and characteristics. lhis f~lm provides a porous membrane that can withstand nor~n~l agricultural prac~ces expected dunng crop growth.
The level of p~Tme~bility of the m~mbrane film can be ad3usted by the volume of compound which is sprayed.
As ~sed in this specificahon the term "a~lo~liate polyme~' refers to a~y polyrner that can be used to create plastic film "D;luted forrn~ on ofthe polyme~, unless otherwise ;n~;c~tefl, refers to any percent of polymer, thoug~ in the primer coatin~ 8% of polymer i~ the formnl~fion is preferable, bemg ~he most econom;~l All percentages herein are by weight unless otherw~se specified ~, CA 022~9236 1998-12-21 ., W O98101S10 P ~ ~L97~00222 S
Su~L~,r of the invention The ~lesel.t invention provides a novel method for applying liquid plastic po~ymers to soil surfaces in order to form a con~nuous membrane film for soiI mulch. The method related to in ~he present inventiorl comprises: a) smoothing and s~L~ g the soil surface, b) coa~ing the said soiI with plastic coats by spr~yi~g a:~ a~pL~liate polymer fonmll~tion for forming said plastic coats on said soil by sprayi~g me~nS7 wherein the polymer fol~ntll~tioIl is appl~ed in at least two coats, first a basic coat consisting a~lilnt~cl forrm~ ion of the polymer and snccescively other coats consis~ng up to 40% poIymer and wherein the spraying means are comprised of a sprayer unit concict;n~ of a boom whose spraying line is mounted with flat fan nozzles placed at short ~ n~:es apart.
The plastic mulch produced by the method of the present iDvention is usefill paTticularly for ~nh~ncin~ crop production, di~iLLfe~l~tion of soil by solari~hon and ~ Lion of soil erosion.
Detailed description o~the in~ention The present invention proYides a new method for soil mulching by spraying latex - based li~uid polymers~ T~e invent~on ~ncomrasses a set of applying procedures and sprasring means for e~.,e~ivc; and ecnnt~mic fi~m fonnin~
consis~ng of a~ iate soi~ .on, doub~e coa~ng ~d specifically ~lçsign~fl sprayi~g mc~ns This applying procedure en~bles ~e forrn~ion of a con~nuous membrane film using low volumes of polymer. The polymer composition used by t~e present invention forms a memhrane filTn on t~e so~
~hrough which see~lin~ can emerge and la~ grow OIl ~he mulch. The membrane forn~e~ keeps its in~e~i~y and can serve to increase soil tempe~aLu~" preve~t evaporation and en~ance see~lin~ emergence i~ cold seasons. Ne~rertheless, ~he m~mbrane is porous and a ows for postpIa~t ~ion and fer~ili7~tion ~ ~(klihon~ ml-tehin~ pre~ents soil erosion and plant destruction from sand stolms ill sandy soils.
. = -- ~
~ -D CA 022S9236 1998-12-21 ., . O , . .
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The method according to the present invention Lncludes essential stages for mi~ membrane film for soil mulch: a) soil ~c~ lion and i~i, ~tior~ b) applying of a~lu~liate polymer iD at least two coats . The coating stage is camed out by using novel spraying means and spray~g procedure.
a) Soil ~ lion The polymOE form7l1~tion should be applied to well prepared soil. Soil to be mulched should be well rotavated to break all clods and achieve a flat and smooth surface. Preferably, roll~g of the soil is applied to compact soil surface to create a smooth surface. The soil should be ;rrig~fed enough for free water to accllmnl~te on the soil surface, before applying the mulch., in order to ensure film forming Applying the polymer to dry soil and to soil with clods WLll result in le~ch;ng of the polymer, preventing the formation of film The field may be fiormefl in raised beds or remain flat accordmg to crop requir~rnent~. If mulch is applied for ~nh~ncino seeflling emergence, the seeds should be planted prior to the field being rolled and imgated.
Since the ~lm is porous, herbicides and fer~lizers can be applied after the mulch has been applied. When mulch is int~-n(le~l for soil solariza~on, S~lppl~m ~.nt~l i~igation c~ be applied once a week to cover the w~ter evaporation from the top layer under the mulch The present inveution is not int~onde~l for soil filrnig~1~on since * ~orms a porous film w}lich is permeableto most filmig~nt b) .Applying the a~plopliate polymers in at least t~vo coats.
lhere are a great many types or f~milies of polymers which may be used in accordaDce wi~ the present invention. Soil temper~ re dun~g applyin~, will infl~ nce ~e selec~on of polymer. Polymers used duIing cold seasons should be able to form a film at a temperature of less ~ 10~c. The purpose of ~he mulch and the leng~h of time ~tihe film iS to rern irl orl the soi infln~nce ~he selec~on of polymer and formnl~tion.
The polymer fonmll~tion to be applied is selected preferably from one or more of the following (up to 40~/~ isoprene polymers, polyvinylacetate, poly vinylpyrolidone, s~rene-acryl copolymer and styrene-butadiene .
W O 98101~10 PCTAL97/00222 copolymer. The form~ ~ion contains all the desired ingredients for the purpose of ~e mulch and infi~a red absorbing ~gre~lient~ ~herein~ r called IR ingre~ ontc) and dyes such as carbon black or other dye. The dyes are used according to muIch purposes The fonm~l~hon does not co~ any filler compound s~ce the ~im of the present inven~on is to form a lm and not a CIUSt.
'rhe polymer should be applied to a ~ a~ed field iIl two or more coats. The first or pnmer coat consists, most ~ucL~bly~ of d;luted fonn~ tion of up to 8% of polymer. The aim of the primer coat is to form a coat to ca~y the second and main coat and to preve~t lea~hirl~ of the coat onto the soil. Such a procedure enables the use of a minim~l dosage of the second coat. The second and main coat consists of up to 40% of the polymer which forms the desired Tn~mbra~e film.
~n the practice of the present inventi~n it is desirable for the sprayable polymer to have no, or minim~l, detr-m~nt~l efFects on the environrnent. The componeJlts in t~e sprayable liquid will usual~y stay in the soil for the expected length of ~me, while ~e soil wil~ be su~ject to many agricul~al trP~nent~ The~e~o~, when selecting ~e ingre~li.ont~ of tbe mulch, information abollt the effect of each ingredient and its re~i(lnes, on ~e e~ironnl~nt should~e av~
Applying the polymer sp}ay may ~e done by using ~ovel spraying means and pro~cedures. The two coats may be applied se~alely in two sprayer operations or in one by using a dual spraying system. In a ~ ~t;~,ed em~o~ of the inven~on, a dual spraying system is used as described below, to minimi7~ labor and application costs.
Polymer fo~m~l~hon should be sprayed by a spe~ific~lly adjusted sprayer.
The latex mulch is viscous and flows through the sprays in a ~ e~l mode than common sprays. Therefor, the commercial sprayers available can~ot produce a ....;~.... ~lm at rates as low as 30 grlm2. The sprayer of the present i~v~lioll consists o~ a spraying Imit ~rere~ably comI~n'sin~ a boom w~th tvvO ~ a~ g lines. The n~in line is mouIlted with flat ~an nozles ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W O9~QIS10 PCT~L97100222 placed at 25 cm ~ t~nce5. The con~l~n~e~ n~em~n~ of nozzles proYides a triple o~erlapping of the spray at each spot on the soiL thus formin~ a nnifo~m con~nur3us film. The nozzle speci~c~ n as described below allows for adjus~nent of the sprayer. The second spraying l~ne on the boom is for the purpose of covering ~he aisles between the beds when filll coverage of ~e fieId is needed. 'rhis applies mainly when the beds are narrow (such as in potato pr~3f~ n)~ for soil sol~n7~1;0n or for preventing soil erosion.
The n~'377lf'S on lhis li~e can be moved along the l~e to adjust the spacing according to specific bed wid~. The no77les on this li~e should be ~at fan with a nalTow a~gle p~ rn to spray only the aisles.
Nozzles on the main b3OOm may be with a wide angle pattern (95~ - 110~) or a narrow angle l3i~ltr~ 65~-80~~ and capacity of l - 2 l/m;n according to the field specification. When applying the mulch on sandy soi~ a high le~el o~
smooth su~face can be accomrli~he~l Therefor, a wide angle nozzle ~pe is used. If spray is applied on loessial or clay soiL then soil surface is more grainy. In such cases a narrow angle nozzle types is used with the same capacity. This provides larger droplets for better coverage of the ~ainy surface a~d for forming ~he film at ~he desired ~rolume of spray. The flexi~i~ity of ~he nozzle type to be used gives the advantage of adjus~g boom height accor~g to field conditions (over srnnkles), and wea~er (wi~d).
As noted, a hvo - coat spray is applied. These two coats may be applied in two conce~l~ve passes. The ~c~ cd applic~t;on is by one pass using a dllal system sprayer. This sprayer has two se~ e systems (jncln(lin~ tank, pump and boom) for Spl~ g each coat indeFe~ ntly. The sprayers may be ~cs~Jnbled t~gethç~ with the booms at least 40 cm apart. The system may consist of two scpar~e sprayers with the two booms mou~ted in fron~ and at the bacl~ of a tractor to 2~ccompli~h the same results. Using a dual spray system, as ~lescnbed, enables to spray ~e primer aIld the main coat co~secutiYely in o~e pass. This procedure is time saving and economical Also it pre~ve~ e desl~ucLion of t~le pnmer film OIl the aisles by ~he t~actor W O 98/01~10 PCT~L97100~22 -wheels when the spraying is carried out irl two passes with a single spray system. The sprayer may also comprise of a third system used ~or rinsing the sprayer, to avoid clog~ing of the lines and nozzles.
The combin~1;on of polymer compocitior, soil ~le~Lion and applying procedure used in the present invention contnbutes to ~e ~ormation of a membrane film usi~g si~nific~ntly low volumes of spray. ln this invention latex polymers may be applied to agricultural use in order to enhance see~llin~ emergence and crop production and may be used for solarization.
Moreover, this technology can be applied to a wide SPC~LLUI11 of soi~ types and not just to sandy soils which are specified i~ the previously mentioned patents.
The said invention will be fur~er illu~L,ated by the following e~cperiments.
These eXperImentc do not intend to limit the scope of the invention but to demoIIstrate and clar~r it only.
1) A field in Nir - Oz was ~re~a~Gd for peanut C~O~pi~lg. The field was ploughed, bed shaped (1.93 m) and planted with peanuts.
Peanuts were pt~nted on three dates: 4 March, 20 March 1995 (which are early for peanut pl~ntin~ d 4 April (the common date for peanut plan~n~
Israel). After pl~n*n~ the field beds were rolled to smooth t~e sur~ace, herbicide sp}ayed and sprinkle ir~ig~ts~l Plots (four beds wide and 36 m long) were treated as follows:
a. No tre~n~nt (co~trol) b. Sprayed with polymer fnnnnl~ at a rate of 30 grlm2. The compound w~s applied i~ two coats; A primer coat con~tshn~; of 8% of polystyrene acryl aIld the main coat con~i~in~ of 40% of the same polymer.
The compositions were applied ~ accordance with the present invention and formed a continllous film. The mulched area was black. Air arld soi3 tempe.~Lule at depth of 5 cm were continuously monitored. The results are shown ~ table 1.
W O 98/OlSlO PCTAL97/00222 ..
im~l soil tempe~ e in the m~licherl plots was 5-8 degrees ~igher throughout crop grow~. Emergence of peanut see~ling was enhanced in mulched plots at all plan~ng dates (table 1). The f;nal plant was also higher.
Peanut pods were harvested early in the pl~n1in~ and yield was higher as shown in table 2. The results s~ow ~at peanuts which were planted ~ery early in the season and were grown on polymer mulch, gave significa~tly higher yield. It is important to note that even on the common plant~ng date, soil mulch had advantage and gave higher yield.
Ta~le 1. Effect of polymer mulch and pl~nt n~ date on peanut emergence.
5 March 20 March 4 April Days firom planting control spray control spray control spray 14 ~ 41 40 81
W O 98101510 PCT~197100222 A METHOD FOR APPLYING Pl ASTIC SOIL MULC~
Field of the inven~on The pr~sellt invention relates to a me~hod for applying liquid pIastic - polymers to soil s~ ees in order to form a con~nl~ous m~.mb~ne fi~m for soil mulch. T~s plastic mulch is usefill par~cularly for enh~ncin~ crop pro~llcti-n dici~.~;.lalion of soil by solarization and prevention of soil erosio~. The invention encompasses a set of applying procedures and spraying means for effecti~e and economic film ~ormin~ con~is1in~ of two stages: a) a~rol liate soil ~lc~dlion, b) apply~g of ~ro~fiate polymer spray formnl~t;on in at least two coats by no~vel spray means sand sprayillg procedure.
round of the invention Plas~ic mulch is an ess~nfi~l and wide~y used met~od m various agncultural soil mulc~g with plas~c films. Soil m~lchin~ during cold seasons results L~
elevated soil l~ ef~Lulcs and enhaIlced see~lin~ emergence, plant growth and crop pro~ ,tion Summer crops such as corn, ~ea~Ls and cotton ca~not be planted early in ~e se~c~)n Therefor ~1~ntin~ is delayed to late spnng a~d grow~ season is ~xten~ed to late fall. Therefor, the crop is c~posed to severe d~mage by early rai~s. A method for mcrea_i~g soil Le~e allows rl~nfir~g early in the season and increasing the potential OI crop yield.Soil.mulch duriDg c~op grow~ provides Ya~ioUS b~ne~ts. Mulch can be used for the pu~pose of repelling in~ectC Silver or yellow mnlch~s are u_ed to rcpel apl~ids and to ~lGl~ dam~ge from their feed~g and firom ~n~nission of viruses. White film ca~ be used to reduce soil tc.u~c.~Lulc du~ing hot penods. Mulch ca~ also provIde ~lotecLion i~om rot of ~uit touch~ng the soiL
such as tomato, melon and w;1t~ Plon So~l sol~7~fion is a me~hod for soil ~icinfec on co...si~;..g of co~/e~g the soil with ~an~ e~t plas~c ~lms du~ing t~e x~ The soil is heated for a penod of a ~ew weeks thl~s ef~ec~vely co~olli~g vanous soiIbo~e pests.
W 098/OlSlO PCT~L97100222 Applying plastic film~ for soil mulch is complicated. It requIres speciaI
mulching c~ ,e~t and inYolves speciaI procedures. The film's edges should be buned to hoId the film in place, and in cnn~nl-ous muIch the sheets are glued together. It is not possible to change t~e mulching pattern wh~le working and cap~rily of area coverage is limi~e-l When appIy~nr, to a pl~n~e~ f;eld, the sheets have to be pcl~aLcd or be removed immediately after emergence to a}~ow see~llin~ grow~ Plastic mn1chPs h~Ye to be removed from the fields duIing or at the end of crop growth P~astic removal is expensiYe and re~uires intens}ve labor. Plastic resi~l~s are o~ten Ieft in the fieId c~nsin~ problems to agricultural practices, m~.hill~ and future crops The present invention o~e,co...es ~ese disady~nt~es and provides a new method for soil ml~tchino by spraying latex - based poIymers. Although patents related to spraying polymer dispersions were previously issued, these ya~ focused on polyme~ t~pe and farmnt~hoIl, compositiorl a~d use and all of ~hese yd~ S con~id~r ~e use of avaiIable commercial sprays which are ILot a~ ;ate for ~,~..dLi~g a m~m~rane fil~n at ~ow r~tes of spray.
Therefor, ~he actua~ volume of spray required for effec~ve cover is l~eLw~
200 to 2000 ~m2, which is veIy high.
US patent 2,961,799 rli~c~oses a method for treating soil to y~ erosion.
The-method involves applyi~g to the soil a composition comrrt~tn~ abollt 0.5 to 5, ~lefel~ly about 2 to 4, weight percent of water insoluble mbber and 0.005 to 0.5, ~ bly about 0.05 to 01~5, weight yC~C~l of a counter penetrant at a rate providing about 0.25 to 5 o~ces per s~uare yard. T~Le COu~L~,~ p~n~ nt iS uscd to preYent ~e compolmd ~rom si~n;fi~nt~y pene~a~g the top layer of the soil. The type of sp}ayer used is ~ot import~n~ as long as it en~tes applying an even co~ng with relati~fe casy control.
W O98/01510 PCT~L97100222 B~i~sh paten~ 07,671 discloses a process for controlling soil erosion. l~e process comprises applying to the soil a latex of an oil ~ ncle~ rubber. The rubber latex may be e~t~ntled with ~0 to 1000 parts by weight of o~ per lûO
parts by weig~t of ru~ber. The latex is applied at a rate providing about 40 to 300 grams per square meter. T~e latex is applied at a solids' co~tent of about 5 to 30 perce~t.
US patent 4,705,816 co.~ ises a cignificantly higher solids level tha~ that in ~rst US patent Tnt~nlioned. The higher solid leveI is accomplishe~ by the addition of filler compound. This fonnnl~~ion rapidly dries to fo~n a crust on the soil surface. A cornmercially availabIe sprayiIIg equipmen~ may be used ~ ~his ~ve~ion as in the othef inv~ntinn~ me~tioned.
App~ication of polymer dispersion for soil mt}lch is uot simple and can~ot be regarded as spra,Ying other t~,h~mic~l~, such as herbicides. Soil sur~ace is rLot smooth and is porous. Soil surface should be smooth and compact to carry the spray f~lm a~d to preve~t le~chin~ of the dispersion. The latex dispersion is viscous and flows through the sprayers in a di~.,.e.,t patter~ than common liquid sprays. Therefor, the design of comm~cially available sprayers is not ~ro~Liate fo~ the purpose of a ~miforrr~ film at rates as low as 30 grlm2.
The aboYe me~tioned ~le~ refer to ~e use of commercially available sprays for appliç~tion of the dispersion. 1~L p~c~icP, all these i~vent ons mustuse a relatiYely high dosage of spray to accomplish a nniform and appropria~e coat, for the desired ~ic~ tal ~m~n~s.
The prese~t invention provides a ~ovel method for applying liqwd plastic polymers to soil s~ ces in order to form a cont-m~ous mpmbrane ilm. This spray mulch is for tl~e pu~pose par~culariy of ~ ncin~ crop production, ~ tnfest~ion of soil by sol~ri7~ion a~d prevention of soil erosion. The present method for spray aprli~*on of polymer mu~ch offers a feasible and cost efE~ective alt~*ve to plastic mulch The procedure used iII ~e prese~t in~ention results m ~ nlic reduc~on of ~e volume of ~e spray lc~ ed.
~'F~
s The polymer according to the present invertion may be appiied by spraying the des~red ~u~L~Lily. The sprayer of the present invention consists of spraying UDitS and placement to provide the ~ o~liate droplet si~e ~nd multiple overlappinO of the spray at each spot on the soiL in order to form a ~i"ir~""l conhnllous fi~n on the non smooth pattem of soil surface. The flexibility of noz~le type to be used according to the present invention, ~07vesthe advantage of adjusting boom hei ht according to field conditions and weat~er.
As used in this spe~ific~tiorl, the term "soil mulch" inçln itQs applying coats to cover the soil of trays of flowers or vegetables grown m greenhouses, fields such as in growi~g cereals including corn and SO~ in vegetable arld fruit farrr7~, outdoor nursenes for trees, shrubs and plants and also various ag:ricultural practices, including raised beds, fiat areas and others.
The term - "Applying liquid polymer to soil surface in order to fo7m a corltinuous membrane film~ as used in this specificatiorJ, me~ns t7~at when the compound is applied at a desired rate to the surface of soil or of an artificial rnedil7m, it w~ll form a ~Iexible fi~n according to polymer fo7~mll~tion and characteristics. lhis f~lm provides a porous membrane that can withstand nor~n~l agricultural prac~ces expected dunng crop growth.
The level of p~Tme~bility of the m~mbrane film can be ad3usted by the volume of compound which is sprayed.
As ~sed in this specificahon the term "a~lo~liate polyme~' refers to a~y polyrner that can be used to create plastic film "D;luted forrn~ on ofthe polyme~, unless otherwise ;n~;c~tefl, refers to any percent of polymer, thoug~ in the primer coatin~ 8% of polymer i~ the formnl~fion is preferable, bemg ~he most econom;~l All percentages herein are by weight unless otherw~se specified ~, CA 022~9236 1998-12-21 ., W O98101S10 P ~ ~L97~00222 S
Su~L~,r of the invention The ~lesel.t invention provides a novel method for applying liquid plastic po~ymers to soil surfaces in order to form a con~nuous membrane film for soiI mulch. The method related to in ~he present inventiorl comprises: a) smoothing and s~L~ g the soil surface, b) coa~ing the said soiI with plastic coats by spr~yi~g a:~ a~pL~liate polymer fonmll~tion for forming said plastic coats on said soil by sprayi~g me~nS7 wherein the polymer fol~ntll~tioIl is appl~ed in at least two coats, first a basic coat consisting a~lilnt~cl forrm~ ion of the polymer and snccescively other coats consis~ng up to 40% poIymer and wherein the spraying means are comprised of a sprayer unit concict;n~ of a boom whose spraying line is mounted with flat fan nozzles placed at short ~ n~:es apart.
The plastic mulch produced by the method of the present iDvention is usefill paTticularly for ~nh~ncin~ crop production, di~iLLfe~l~tion of soil by solari~hon and ~ Lion of soil erosion.
Detailed description o~the in~ention The present invention proYides a new method for soil mulching by spraying latex - based li~uid polymers~ T~e invent~on ~ncomrasses a set of applying procedures and sprasring means for e~.,e~ivc; and ecnnt~mic fi~m fonnin~
consis~ng of a~ iate soi~ .on, doub~e coa~ng ~d specifically ~lçsign~fl sprayi~g mc~ns This applying procedure en~bles ~e forrn~ion of a con~nuous membrane film using low volumes of polymer. The polymer composition used by t~e present invention forms a memhrane filTn on t~e so~
~hrough which see~lin~ can emerge and la~ grow OIl ~he mulch. The membrane forn~e~ keeps its in~e~i~y and can serve to increase soil tempe~aLu~" preve~t evaporation and en~ance see~lin~ emergence i~ cold seasons. Ne~rertheless, ~he m~mbrane is porous and a ows for postpIa~t ~ion and fer~ili7~tion ~ ~(klihon~ ml-tehin~ pre~ents soil erosion and plant destruction from sand stolms ill sandy soils.
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The method according to the present invention Lncludes essential stages for mi~ membrane film for soil mulch: a) soil ~c~ lion and i~i, ~tior~ b) applying of a~lu~liate polymer iD at least two coats . The coating stage is camed out by using novel spraying means and spray~g procedure.
a) Soil ~ lion The polymOE form7l1~tion should be applied to well prepared soil. Soil to be mulched should be well rotavated to break all clods and achieve a flat and smooth surface. Preferably, roll~g of the soil is applied to compact soil surface to create a smooth surface. The soil should be ;rrig~fed enough for free water to accllmnl~te on the soil surface, before applying the mulch., in order to ensure film forming Applying the polymer to dry soil and to soil with clods WLll result in le~ch;ng of the polymer, preventing the formation of film The field may be fiormefl in raised beds or remain flat accordmg to crop requir~rnent~. If mulch is applied for ~nh~ncino seeflling emergence, the seeds should be planted prior to the field being rolled and imgated.
Since the ~lm is porous, herbicides and fer~lizers can be applied after the mulch has been applied. When mulch is int~-n(le~l for soil solariza~on, S~lppl~m ~.nt~l i~igation c~ be applied once a week to cover the w~ter evaporation from the top layer under the mulch The present inveution is not int~onde~l for soil filrnig~1~on since * ~orms a porous film w}lich is permeableto most filmig~nt b) .Applying the a~plopliate polymers in at least t~vo coats.
lhere are a great many types or f~milies of polymers which may be used in accordaDce wi~ the present invention. Soil temper~ re dun~g applyin~, will infl~ nce ~e selec~on of polymer. Polymers used duIing cold seasons should be able to form a film at a temperature of less ~ 10~c. The purpose of ~he mulch and the leng~h of time ~tihe film iS to rern irl orl the soi infln~nce ~he selec~on of polymer and formnl~tion.
The polymer fonmll~tion to be applied is selected preferably from one or more of the following (up to 40~/~ isoprene polymers, polyvinylacetate, poly vinylpyrolidone, s~rene-acryl copolymer and styrene-butadiene .
W O 98101~10 PCTAL97/00222 copolymer. The form~ ~ion contains all the desired ingredients for the purpose of ~e mulch and infi~a red absorbing ~gre~lient~ ~herein~ r called IR ingre~ ontc) and dyes such as carbon black or other dye. The dyes are used according to muIch purposes The fonm~l~hon does not co~ any filler compound s~ce the ~im of the present inven~on is to form a lm and not a CIUSt.
'rhe polymer should be applied to a ~ a~ed field iIl two or more coats. The first or pnmer coat consists, most ~ucL~bly~ of d;luted fonn~ tion of up to 8% of polymer. The aim of the primer coat is to form a coat to ca~y the second and main coat and to preve~t lea~hirl~ of the coat onto the soil. Such a procedure enables the use of a minim~l dosage of the second coat. The second and main coat consists of up to 40% of the polymer which forms the desired Tn~mbra~e film.
~n the practice of the present inventi~n it is desirable for the sprayable polymer to have no, or minim~l, detr-m~nt~l efFects on the environrnent. The componeJlts in t~e sprayable liquid will usual~y stay in the soil for the expected length of ~me, while ~e soil wil~ be su~ject to many agricul~al trP~nent~ The~e~o~, when selecting ~e ingre~li.ont~ of tbe mulch, information abollt the effect of each ingredient and its re~i(lnes, on ~e e~ironnl~nt should~e av~
Applying the polymer sp}ay may ~e done by using ~ovel spraying means and pro~cedures. The two coats may be applied se~alely in two sprayer operations or in one by using a dual spraying system. In a ~ ~t;~,ed em~o~ of the inven~on, a dual spraying system is used as described below, to minimi7~ labor and application costs.
Polymer fo~m~l~hon should be sprayed by a spe~ific~lly adjusted sprayer.
The latex mulch is viscous and flows through the sprays in a ~ e~l mode than common sprays. Therefor, the commercial sprayers available can~ot produce a ....;~.... ~lm at rates as low as 30 grlm2. The sprayer of the present i~v~lioll consists o~ a spraying Imit ~rere~ably comI~n'sin~ a boom w~th tvvO ~ a~ g lines. The n~in line is mouIlted with flat ~an nozles ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W O9~QIS10 PCT~L97100222 placed at 25 cm ~ t~nce5. The con~l~n~e~ n~em~n~ of nozzles proYides a triple o~erlapping of the spray at each spot on the soiL thus formin~ a nnifo~m con~nur3us film. The nozzle speci~c~ n as described below allows for adjus~nent of the sprayer. The second spraying l~ne on the boom is for the purpose of covering ~he aisles between the beds when filll coverage of ~e fieId is needed. 'rhis applies mainly when the beds are narrow (such as in potato pr~3f~ n)~ for soil sol~n7~1;0n or for preventing soil erosion.
The n~'377lf'S on lhis li~e can be moved along the l~e to adjust the spacing according to specific bed wid~. The no77les on this li~e should be ~at fan with a nalTow a~gle p~ rn to spray only the aisles.
Nozzles on the main b3OOm may be with a wide angle pattern (95~ - 110~) or a narrow angle l3i~ltr~ 65~-80~~ and capacity of l - 2 l/m;n according to the field specification. When applying the mulch on sandy soi~ a high le~el o~
smooth su~face can be accomrli~he~l Therefor, a wide angle nozzle ~pe is used. If spray is applied on loessial or clay soiL then soil surface is more grainy. In such cases a narrow angle nozzle types is used with the same capacity. This provides larger droplets for better coverage of the ~ainy surface a~d for forming ~he film at ~he desired ~rolume of spray. The flexi~i~ity of ~he nozzle type to be used gives the advantage of adjus~g boom height accor~g to field conditions (over srnnkles), and wea~er (wi~d).
As noted, a hvo - coat spray is applied. These two coats may be applied in two conce~l~ve passes. The ~c~ cd applic~t;on is by one pass using a dllal system sprayer. This sprayer has two se~ e systems (jncln(lin~ tank, pump and boom) for Spl~ g each coat indeFe~ ntly. The sprayers may be ~cs~Jnbled t~gethç~ with the booms at least 40 cm apart. The system may consist of two scpar~e sprayers with the two booms mou~ted in fron~ and at the bacl~ of a tractor to 2~ccompli~h the same results. Using a dual spray system, as ~lescnbed, enables to spray ~e primer aIld the main coat co~secutiYely in o~e pass. This procedure is time saving and economical Also it pre~ve~ e desl~ucLion of t~le pnmer film OIl the aisles by ~he t~actor W O 98/01~10 PCT~L97100~22 -wheels when the spraying is carried out irl two passes with a single spray system. The sprayer may also comprise of a third system used ~or rinsing the sprayer, to avoid clog~ing of the lines and nozzles.
The combin~1;on of polymer compocitior, soil ~le~Lion and applying procedure used in the present invention contnbutes to ~e ~ormation of a membrane film usi~g si~nific~ntly low volumes of spray. ln this invention latex polymers may be applied to agricultural use in order to enhance see~llin~ emergence and crop production and may be used for solarization.
Moreover, this technology can be applied to a wide SPC~LLUI11 of soi~ types and not just to sandy soils which are specified i~ the previously mentioned patents.
The said invention will be fur~er illu~L,ated by the following e~cperiments.
These eXperImentc do not intend to limit the scope of the invention but to demoIIstrate and clar~r it only.
1) A field in Nir - Oz was ~re~a~Gd for peanut C~O~pi~lg. The field was ploughed, bed shaped (1.93 m) and planted with peanuts.
Peanuts were pt~nted on three dates: 4 March, 20 March 1995 (which are early for peanut pl~ntin~ d 4 April (the common date for peanut plan~n~
Israel). After pl~n*n~ the field beds were rolled to smooth t~e sur~ace, herbicide sp}ayed and sprinkle ir~ig~ts~l Plots (four beds wide and 36 m long) were treated as follows:
a. No tre~n~nt (co~trol) b. Sprayed with polymer fnnnnl~ at a rate of 30 grlm2. The compound w~s applied i~ two coats; A primer coat con~tshn~; of 8% of polystyrene acryl aIld the main coat con~i~in~ of 40% of the same polymer.
The compositions were applied ~ accordance with the present invention and formed a continllous film. The mulched area was black. Air arld soi3 tempe.~Lule at depth of 5 cm were continuously monitored. The results are shown ~ table 1.
W O 98/OlSlO PCTAL97/00222 ..
im~l soil tempe~ e in the m~licherl plots was 5-8 degrees ~igher throughout crop grow~. Emergence of peanut see~ling was enhanced in mulched plots at all plan~ng dates (table 1). The f;nal plant was also higher.
Peanut pods were harvested early in the pl~n1in~ and yield was higher as shown in table 2. The results s~ow ~at peanuts which were planted ~ery early in the season and were grown on polymer mulch, gave significa~tly higher yield. It is important to note that even on the common plant~ng date, soil mulch had advantage and gave higher yield.
Ta~le 1. Effect of polymer mulch and pl~nt n~ date on peanut emergence.
5 March 20 March 4 April Days firom planting control spray control spray control spray 14 ~ 41 40 81
2 1 66 90 ~i3 86 31 84 g4 CA 022~9236 1998-12-21 W O 98101510 PCT~L97~222 Table 2. Ef~ect of po~ymer mulch and pl~nt~n,, date on soil lclL~p~laLule a~d peanut production planting date S March 20 March 4 April treatment contro~ spraycontrol spray control spray max. soil temp. 25 31 10 March max. soil temp. 24 30 24 30 2'' March harvesting date 25 August 30 August 20 September growing period (days)172 172 1~8 168 166 166 yield grlm2 520 700 510 710 670 830 2) A field i~ Nir - Oz was y~ ,d beet cr~ g. The field was ploughed, bed s~laped (1.93 m wide) and pl~nt~ with bee~.
Three beet cult~vars were pl~ntel3 on 20 November. After pl~nt;n~, ~he field beds were rolled to smooth the surface, herbicide sprayed aIld spriIIlde iTTi~ted Plots (f~ve ~eds wide alld 180 m lo~g) were treated as follows:
a. No t~e~1ment (co~trol) b. Sprayed wi~h polymer forTn~ te at a rate of 40 ~m2. The compou~d was applied in two coats; A primer coat co~sisLi~g of 8% of polystyrene acryl and the ma~ coat con~i~tin~ of 40% o~the same polyme~.
The composition~ were appJied irl accord~ce with the present inveIltion a~d fo~mcd a cont~nll~us film. Air and soil I~ Lu~ at ~epth of 5 cm were con~in-lously m~,..i~oled.
W O 98/OlSlO PCT~L97/002Z2 Table 3. Effiect of polymer mulch and plantillg date o~ soil temperature and beet production cultivar Mobol Red Ace Madona treatment control spray control spraycontrol spray max. soil temp. 15 ~9 25 November max. soil temp. I7 2l 10 Decel~ber yield ton/ha 50.5 67 l 75.0 79.2 62.7 73.2 ~rim~l soil temperature in ~he m~ hed plots was 3 - 5 degrees higher throughout crop ~çrowth. Beet was harvested in May 1996, and yield was h;~her ~ all cultivar tested as shown in table 3. The results show ~at ~eet gave ~i~nifi5~ntly high yield in the mlllch~fl plots. It is important to note that the coat was in the field dunng the winter and was ex~osed to rain and in~g;~tion. Nevertheless, the film l~ept its inte~ity and promoted plant g~owth and yield.
Three beet cult~vars were pl~ntel3 on 20 November. After pl~nt;n~, ~he field beds were rolled to smooth the surface, herbicide sprayed aIld spriIIlde iTTi~ted Plots (f~ve ~eds wide alld 180 m lo~g) were treated as follows:
a. No t~e~1ment (co~trol) b. Sprayed wi~h polymer forTn~ te at a rate of 40 ~m2. The compou~d was applied in two coats; A primer coat co~sisLi~g of 8% of polystyrene acryl and the ma~ coat con~i~tin~ of 40% o~the same polyme~.
The composition~ were appJied irl accord~ce with the present inveIltion a~d fo~mcd a cont~nll~us film. Air and soil I~ Lu~ at ~epth of 5 cm were con~in-lously m~,..i~oled.
W O 98/OlSlO PCT~L97/002Z2 Table 3. Effiect of polymer mulch and plantillg date o~ soil temperature and beet production cultivar Mobol Red Ace Madona treatment control spray control spraycontrol spray max. soil temp. 15 ~9 25 November max. soil temp. I7 2l 10 Decel~ber yield ton/ha 50.5 67 l 75.0 79.2 62.7 73.2 ~rim~l soil temperature in ~he m~ hed plots was 3 - 5 degrees higher throughout crop ~çrowth. Beet was harvested in May 1996, and yield was h;~her ~ all cultivar tested as shown in table 3. The results show ~at ~eet gave ~i~nifi5~ntly high yield in the mlllch~fl plots. It is important to note that the coat was in the field dunng the winter and was ex~osed to rain and in~g;~tion. Nevertheless, the film l~ept its inte~ity and promoted plant g~owth and yield.
Claims (10)
1) A method for applying plastic coats on soil comprising; a) smoothing the soil surface by rotavating and rolling of the soil, b) saturating the soil by irrigating it until free water accumulates on the soil surface, c) coating the said soil with plastic coats by spraying an appropriate polymer formulation, comprising of one or more polymers, for forming plastic coats on soil, by use of spraying means, wherein the polymer formulation is applied in at least two coats and wherein the first coat is obtained by spraying a spray formulationthat comprises a low concentration of said polymer formulation and the successive coats are obtained by spraying spray formulations that comprise higher concentrations of the polymer formulation up to 40% by weight.
2) A method for applying plastic coats on soil according to claim 1 wherein the spray formulation comprises one or more polymers appropriate for forming plastic coats by spraying, with optionally the addition of infra-red absorbing ingredients and an appropriate color dye.
3) A method for applying plastic coats on soil according to claim 1 and 2 wherein the polymer formation is applied in two coats and wherein the first coat is obtained by spraying a spray formulation that comprises 8% by weight of the polymer formulation and the successive coat is obtained by spraying spray formation that comprises Up to 40% by weight of the polymer formulation.
4) A method for applying plastic coats on soil according to claim 1 wherein the polymer formulation for spraying is selected from one or more of the following materials: isoprene polymers, polyvinylacetate, poly vinylpyrolidone, styrene-acryl copolymer and styrene-butadiene copolymer.
5) A method for applying plastic coats on soil according to claim 1 wherein the spraying means are comprised of a sprayer unit consisting of a boom whose spraying lines are mounted with flat fan nozzles placed at short distances apart.
6) A method for applying plastic coats on soil according to claim 1 wherein the application of the two coats is by applying the spray in two passes or in a single pass using spraying means as defined in claim 5 having a dual or triple tank and boom system, each tank having its own boom, wherein one tank is used for the primer coat, one tank is used for the main coat and one tank is used for rinsing the sprayer.
7) A method for applying plastic coats on soil according to claim 1 and 5 wherein the sprayer unit comprises a boom with two spraying lines, the main line is mounted with flat fan nozzles placed at short distances apart having a wide or narrow angle pattern and the second spraying line being mounted with flat fan nozzles having a narrow angle pattern.
8) A method for applying plastic coats on soil according to claim 1 and 7 wherein the nozzles mounted on the main unit boom are placed at a distance of 25 cm or less from each other.
9) A method for applying plastic coats on soil according to claim 1 and 7 wherein on the main boom the angle of the flat fan nozzle is about 65° - 110°
and the angle of the second boom flat fan nozzle is about 50° - 80° , both with the capacity of about 1 - 2 liter/minute.
and the angle of the second boom flat fan nozzle is about 50° - 80° , both with the capacity of about 1 - 2 liter/minute.
10) A method for applying plastic coats on soil according to claim 5 wherein the sprayer may consist of one or more pumps.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL118787 | 1996-07-04 | ||
| IL11878796A IL118787A (en) | 1996-07-04 | 1996-07-04 | Method for applying plastic soil mulch |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2259236A1 true CA2259236A1 (en) | 1998-01-15 |
Family
ID=11069044
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CA002259236A Abandoned CA2259236A1 (en) | 1996-07-04 | 1997-07-02 | A method for applying plastic soil mulch |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US6270291B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0909300A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1065264C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU711147B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2259236A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL118787A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998001510A1 (en) |
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| FR2623221B1 (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1991-11-29 | Bonier Sahuc Monique | SOIL STABILIZER IN PLACE AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION |
| ES2061562T3 (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1994-12-16 | Sanipor International Ag | METHOD TO IMPROVE THE RESISTANCE AND WATERPROOFNESS OF SOILS AND ENGINEERING STRUCTURES. |
| IE62623B1 (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1995-02-22 | Newastecon Inc | Sprayable composition |
| US5082500A (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1992-01-21 | Newastecon, Inc. | Sprayable composition |
| DK294490A (en) * | 1990-12-12 | 1992-03-05 | Gunnar Arenhoff Eriksen | PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR THE EXCHANGE OF FERTILIZERS |
| KR940001709B1 (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1994-03-05 | 구철회 | Mortar |
| DE4324474A1 (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1995-01-26 | Henkel Kgaa | Use of selected polyvinyl acetate dispersions for the surface consolidation of sand and / or soil |
| DK139693D0 (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1993-12-17 | Hardi Int As | AIR CONDITION FOR AN AGRICULTURAL SPRAY |
| DE4428269A1 (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1996-02-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Use of selected and biocompatible stabilizers in polyvinyl ester based soil stabilizers |
| US5779782A (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1998-07-14 | Spittle; Kevin Scott | Mechanically bonded fiber mulch and process for producing same |
| US5860770A (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1999-01-19 | A Creative Research & Testing Co. | Method of soil erosion control |
| WO1998057531A1 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 1998-12-23 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited | Irrigation method |
-
1996
- 1996-07-04 IL IL11878796A patent/IL118787A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-07-02 WO PCT/IL1997/000222 patent/WO1998001510A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-02 US US09/202,575 patent/US6270291B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-02 EP EP97928411A patent/EP0909300A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-02 CN CN97196070.4A patent/CN1065264C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-02 AU AU32715/97A patent/AU711147B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-07-02 CA CA002259236A patent/CA2259236A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20010001634A1 (en) | 2001-05-24 |
| AU3271597A (en) | 1998-02-02 |
| CN1224441A (en) | 1999-07-28 |
| WO1998001510A1 (en) | 1998-01-15 |
| US6270291B2 (en) | 2001-08-07 |
| AU711147B2 (en) | 1999-10-07 |
| EP0909300A1 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
| IL118787A0 (en) | 1997-10-31 |
| IL118787A (en) | 2000-02-17 |
| CN1065264C (en) | 2001-05-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |