CA2262622C - Training weapon system - Google Patents
Training weapon system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2262622C CA2262622C CA002262622A CA2262622A CA2262622C CA 2262622 C CA2262622 C CA 2262622C CA 002262622 A CA002262622 A CA 002262622A CA 2262622 A CA2262622 A CA 2262622A CA 2262622 C CA2262622 C CA 2262622C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- calibre
- weapon
- barrel
- training
- sub
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
- F42B8/02—Cartridges
- F42B8/10—Cartridges with sub-calibre adaptor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
- F41A21/10—Insert barrels, i.e. barrels for firing reduced calibre ammunition and being mounted within the normal barrels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41F—APPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS; LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES; HARPOON GUNS
- F41F3/00—Rocket or torpedo launchers
- F41F3/04—Rocket or torpedo launchers for rockets
- F41F3/045—Rocket or torpedo launchers for rockets adapted to be carried and used by a person, e.g. bazookas
- F41F3/0455—Bazookas
Abstract
The invention relates to a training weapon system for a portable recoilless anti-armour weapon of the type which comprises a sub-calibre insert barrel (1) arranged in the bore of the launching barrel of the full-calibre weapon. In order to improve the accuracy of the system and make it more safe as well as less expensive when compared to previous systems of this type, the sub-calibre insert barrel (1) has a rifled bore to make the training projectile spin stabilized. The forward aligning member (5) for centering the insert barrel (1) is engaging the ridges of the rifles in the rifled portion of the barrel in the recoilless full calibre weapon. By such an arrangement it can be avoided that length tolerances give rise to undesired radial deviations which might result in a mis-alignment of the insert barrel (1) within the gun bore.
This could happen with the forward aligning member engaging the conical, smooth-bored firing chamber in the barrel.
This could happen with the forward aligning member engaging the conical, smooth-bored firing chamber in the barrel.
Description
CA 02262622 1999-02-0~
Training weapon system The present invention relates to a training weapon system for a portable recoilless anti-armour weapon of the type which comprises a sub-calibre insert barrel arranged in the bore of the launching barrel of the anti-armour weap-on. One example of a recoilless anti-armour weapon in which the invention can be used is the 84 mm Carl Gustaf recoilless gun m/48.
For an effective training of a specific weapon it is im-portant that the soldiers are permitted to fire a large number of ammunition rounds under as realistic conditions as possible. This means that the handling of the weapon and its ammunition should be as close to the real (parent) weapon as possible and the firing experience should also be as realistic as possible. Of course, this is best achieved by allowing full calibre ammunition rounds also for the training. ~owever, this can rarely be done for ec-onomical and safety reasons.
Therefore, it is previously known to use sub-calibre ammu-nition training weapons. In this case the training weapon has a sub-calibre insert barrel arranged inside the ~arrel of the parent weapon in question. Specifically, for an 84 mm anti-armour gun m/48 sub-calibre systems of 7.62 mm, 9 mm and 20 mm calibre have been developped. One example of a 20 mm calibre training weapon of this type is illustrat-ed in SE 9400043-7.
The advantage with this type of training weapon systems is the fact that the soldier is allowed to fire a sub-calibre instead of an expensive full-calibre ammunition round. He can well study his ability to hit the target. However, in the 7.62 mm as well as in the 9 mm system, the firing ex-perience is quite different from the real, live condi-tions. The soldier does not experience the sudden sound and gas pressure which is generated in the corresponding CA 02262622 1999-02-0~
service weapon system. In order to simulate the specific out-blow effect at the rear of the weapon an additional charge has to be applied in these systems. This charge is detonated at the firing moment in order to give the sol-dier a more realistic training experience with respect tothe generated sound and shock waves.
The 20 mm training system, however, provides a due, rea-listic sound level around the weapon and this system also provides an out-blow effect because of its recoilless function. The sub-calibre barrel is disposed in the bore of the full-calibre weapon in a body shaped as a round of ammunition similar to the full-calibre high explosive shell. The sub-calibre barrel is smooth-bored. However, the accuracy of such a system is unsatisfactory as soon as the firing distance exceeds 250 m.
Furthermore, in some cases it has happened that the so-called nozzle screw has been unscrewed at the firing and thrown rearwards with a high safety risk for personnel ~e-hind the weapon.
Recoilless ammunition rounds of this type also have a plastic bottom plate member which is broken when the round is fired. When the ~ottom plate member is broken it is di-vided into small splinters which could be dangerous up to 70 m behind the weapon. This can be compared with a re-quired safety distance of 15 m for the service weapon un-der war conditions.
The object of this invention is to provide a sub-calibre weapon system for training purposes in which the accuracy and sa~ety has been improved _-~t at reduced cost compared to previous systems of this kind. According to the inven-tion this is achieved by providing the sub-calibre insert barrel with a rifled bore and arranging the insert barrel so that the forward aligning member of the barrel is en-gaging the ridges of the rifles in the rifled section of .. . . . .. . .
CA 02262622 1999-02-0~
the full-calibre weapon.
In the following the invention will be described more in detail in connection with a 20 mm training weapon system for an 84 mm gun m/48 and which is schematically illus-trated on the accompanyed drawing.
The reason for choosing a calibre 20 mm system is the fact that such a system provides a realistic sound level around the weapon, as already mentioned. It also seems as if a calibre around 20 mm has an optimal cost efficiency rela-tive to the required training and feeling experience. The sound-level for a 20 mm system is approximately 170 dB to be compared with approximately 180 db for the full-calibre version. The duration of the sound wave (A-duration) is approximately l/3 of the real system and is experienced as fully satisfactory.
The training weapon comprises an insert barrel l for a sub-calibre projectile. The insert barrel is mounted in a body 2 shaped as an ordinary ammunition round and which is loaded in the gun in the same manner as the ordinary full-calibre round. The body 2 has a conventional, elongated cylindrical portion 3 and a conical forward portion 4 and a calibre of 84 mm. The insert barrel l is mounted in the body 2 by means of a forward aligning member 5 for center-ing the barrel and a rear breech block 6 with an ignition channel 7 and threads 8 for the nozzle screw. The rear part of the barrel has a conventional firing chamber 9 for the training projectile.
According to the invention the insert barrel l has a ri-fled bore instead of being smooth-bored like previous training weapons of the insert type. This means that the projectile cost is reduced, as a spin stabili~ed projec-tile is less expensive to manufacture than a fin stabi-lized projectile. It should also be understood that for a given projectile calibre a reduction of the air resistance CA 02262622 1999-02-0~
is more easily achieved for a spin stabilized projectile compared to a fin stabilized projectile. As the training ammunition should have the same trajectory as the corre-sponding live ammunition, the retardation of the projec-tile in each point of the trajectory should be as similarto the corresponding live projectile as possible. This is achieved if the ratio of the projectile mass to the air resistance area is the same for the two types of ammuni-tion units. Consequently, a spin stabilized projectile can be made with a less projectile mass compared to a corre-sponding fin stabilized projectile. As a result the amount of powder could be reduced which means a less expensive product.
The accuracy of a spin stabilized training weapon system is also improved due to the inherent stability in such a system. It is well known that it is very difficult to pro-vide a corresponding accuracy in a fin stabilized system.
In order to further improve the accuracy of the training system the forward aligning member 5 of the weapon is en-gaging the ridges of the rifles of the rifled portion in the bore of the gun barrel instead of engaging the conical (not rifled) firing chamber portion of the gun like in other similar training systems. By such an arrangement it could be avoided that any length tolerances give rise to undesired radial deviations resulting in a mis-alignment of the insert barrel in the gun.
The forward aligning member 5 is made as an annular sleeve having a circ~ferential portion 10 forming the contacting surface agair the rojecting ridges of the rifles. The lonc~tudinal ~_mens 1 of the contacting surface exceeds the width of a rifle groove so that the aligning member 5 bridges a rif}e groove and is contacting the projecting part ~ridges) of the rifles only. By allowing the aligning member to engage the ridges only, i e in the rifled por-tion of the bore, the aligning member can be located in a CA 02262622 1999-02-0~
W O 98/5~820 PCT/SE98/01021 more forward position compared to the previous location inside the firing chamber, which is behind the rifled por-tion of the gun barrel. In this case this means that the aligning member can be located in the most forward posi-tion on the cylindrical portion 3 of the shell-formed body.
To prevent the nozzle screw to unscrew when the Ammlln;tion round is fired a vent hole 11 is made in the cylindrical wall of the breech block to reduce the pressure on the nozzle screw. Any gas leakage at the rear surface of the cartridge case can then escape through this hole instead of passing through the threads 8, like in other systems.
The risk for an unintentional unscrewing of the nozzle screw can then be eliminated.
The design of the rear portion of the weapon with the breech block, the nozzle and the screw is not part of this invention and will not be described in any detail here.
Nor is the ammuntion round per se described in this con-nection. In order to reduce the risk for harmful splinters behind the weapon, and thereby improve the safety, a bot-tom plate member according to SE 9501344-7 can be used. In this way the safety distance can be reduced from 70 m to 15 m.
The invention is not limited to the training weapon which has been illustrated here as an example, but can be varied within the scope of the following claims.
Training weapon system The present invention relates to a training weapon system for a portable recoilless anti-armour weapon of the type which comprises a sub-calibre insert barrel arranged in the bore of the launching barrel of the anti-armour weap-on. One example of a recoilless anti-armour weapon in which the invention can be used is the 84 mm Carl Gustaf recoilless gun m/48.
For an effective training of a specific weapon it is im-portant that the soldiers are permitted to fire a large number of ammunition rounds under as realistic conditions as possible. This means that the handling of the weapon and its ammunition should be as close to the real (parent) weapon as possible and the firing experience should also be as realistic as possible. Of course, this is best achieved by allowing full calibre ammunition rounds also for the training. ~owever, this can rarely be done for ec-onomical and safety reasons.
Therefore, it is previously known to use sub-calibre ammu-nition training weapons. In this case the training weapon has a sub-calibre insert barrel arranged inside the ~arrel of the parent weapon in question. Specifically, for an 84 mm anti-armour gun m/48 sub-calibre systems of 7.62 mm, 9 mm and 20 mm calibre have been developped. One example of a 20 mm calibre training weapon of this type is illustrat-ed in SE 9400043-7.
The advantage with this type of training weapon systems is the fact that the soldier is allowed to fire a sub-calibre instead of an expensive full-calibre ammunition round. He can well study his ability to hit the target. However, in the 7.62 mm as well as in the 9 mm system, the firing ex-perience is quite different from the real, live condi-tions. The soldier does not experience the sudden sound and gas pressure which is generated in the corresponding CA 02262622 1999-02-0~
service weapon system. In order to simulate the specific out-blow effect at the rear of the weapon an additional charge has to be applied in these systems. This charge is detonated at the firing moment in order to give the sol-dier a more realistic training experience with respect tothe generated sound and shock waves.
The 20 mm training system, however, provides a due, rea-listic sound level around the weapon and this system also provides an out-blow effect because of its recoilless function. The sub-calibre barrel is disposed in the bore of the full-calibre weapon in a body shaped as a round of ammunition similar to the full-calibre high explosive shell. The sub-calibre barrel is smooth-bored. However, the accuracy of such a system is unsatisfactory as soon as the firing distance exceeds 250 m.
Furthermore, in some cases it has happened that the so-called nozzle screw has been unscrewed at the firing and thrown rearwards with a high safety risk for personnel ~e-hind the weapon.
Recoilless ammunition rounds of this type also have a plastic bottom plate member which is broken when the round is fired. When the ~ottom plate member is broken it is di-vided into small splinters which could be dangerous up to 70 m behind the weapon. This can be compared with a re-quired safety distance of 15 m for the service weapon un-der war conditions.
The object of this invention is to provide a sub-calibre weapon system for training purposes in which the accuracy and sa~ety has been improved _-~t at reduced cost compared to previous systems of this kind. According to the inven-tion this is achieved by providing the sub-calibre insert barrel with a rifled bore and arranging the insert barrel so that the forward aligning member of the barrel is en-gaging the ridges of the rifles in the rifled section of .. . . . .. . .
CA 02262622 1999-02-0~
the full-calibre weapon.
In the following the invention will be described more in detail in connection with a 20 mm training weapon system for an 84 mm gun m/48 and which is schematically illus-trated on the accompanyed drawing.
The reason for choosing a calibre 20 mm system is the fact that such a system provides a realistic sound level around the weapon, as already mentioned. It also seems as if a calibre around 20 mm has an optimal cost efficiency rela-tive to the required training and feeling experience. The sound-level for a 20 mm system is approximately 170 dB to be compared with approximately 180 db for the full-calibre version. The duration of the sound wave (A-duration) is approximately l/3 of the real system and is experienced as fully satisfactory.
The training weapon comprises an insert barrel l for a sub-calibre projectile. The insert barrel is mounted in a body 2 shaped as an ordinary ammunition round and which is loaded in the gun in the same manner as the ordinary full-calibre round. The body 2 has a conventional, elongated cylindrical portion 3 and a conical forward portion 4 and a calibre of 84 mm. The insert barrel l is mounted in the body 2 by means of a forward aligning member 5 for center-ing the barrel and a rear breech block 6 with an ignition channel 7 and threads 8 for the nozzle screw. The rear part of the barrel has a conventional firing chamber 9 for the training projectile.
According to the invention the insert barrel l has a ri-fled bore instead of being smooth-bored like previous training weapons of the insert type. This means that the projectile cost is reduced, as a spin stabili~ed projec-tile is less expensive to manufacture than a fin stabi-lized projectile. It should also be understood that for a given projectile calibre a reduction of the air resistance CA 02262622 1999-02-0~
is more easily achieved for a spin stabilized projectile compared to a fin stabilized projectile. As the training ammunition should have the same trajectory as the corre-sponding live ammunition, the retardation of the projec-tile in each point of the trajectory should be as similarto the corresponding live projectile as possible. This is achieved if the ratio of the projectile mass to the air resistance area is the same for the two types of ammuni-tion units. Consequently, a spin stabilized projectile can be made with a less projectile mass compared to a corre-sponding fin stabilized projectile. As a result the amount of powder could be reduced which means a less expensive product.
The accuracy of a spin stabilized training weapon system is also improved due to the inherent stability in such a system. It is well known that it is very difficult to pro-vide a corresponding accuracy in a fin stabilized system.
In order to further improve the accuracy of the training system the forward aligning member 5 of the weapon is en-gaging the ridges of the rifles of the rifled portion in the bore of the gun barrel instead of engaging the conical (not rifled) firing chamber portion of the gun like in other similar training systems. By such an arrangement it could be avoided that any length tolerances give rise to undesired radial deviations resulting in a mis-alignment of the insert barrel in the gun.
The forward aligning member 5 is made as an annular sleeve having a circ~ferential portion 10 forming the contacting surface agair the rojecting ridges of the rifles. The lonc~tudinal ~_mens 1 of the contacting surface exceeds the width of a rifle groove so that the aligning member 5 bridges a rif}e groove and is contacting the projecting part ~ridges) of the rifles only. By allowing the aligning member to engage the ridges only, i e in the rifled por-tion of the bore, the aligning member can be located in a CA 02262622 1999-02-0~
W O 98/5~820 PCT/SE98/01021 more forward position compared to the previous location inside the firing chamber, which is behind the rifled por-tion of the gun barrel. In this case this means that the aligning member can be located in the most forward posi-tion on the cylindrical portion 3 of the shell-formed body.
To prevent the nozzle screw to unscrew when the Ammlln;tion round is fired a vent hole 11 is made in the cylindrical wall of the breech block to reduce the pressure on the nozzle screw. Any gas leakage at the rear surface of the cartridge case can then escape through this hole instead of passing through the threads 8, like in other systems.
The risk for an unintentional unscrewing of the nozzle screw can then be eliminated.
The design of the rear portion of the weapon with the breech block, the nozzle and the screw is not part of this invention and will not be described in any detail here.
Nor is the ammuntion round per se described in this con-nection. In order to reduce the risk for harmful splinters behind the weapon, and thereby improve the safety, a bot-tom plate member according to SE 9501344-7 can be used. In this way the safety distance can be reduced from 70 m to 15 m.
The invention is not limited to the training weapon which has been illustrated here as an example, but can be varied within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A training weapon system for a portable recoilless anti-armour weapon having a rifled bore and comprising a sub-calibre insert barrel (1) arranged inside the rifled bore of the launching barrel of the full-calibre weapon in a body (2) shaped as a round of ammunition, said-sub-calibre insert barrel having a forward aligning member (5) for aligning the insert barrel inside the full-calibre weapon, characterised in that the insert barrel (1) has a rifled bore to provide a spin stabilization of the sub-calibre training projectile, that the forward aligning member (5) is engaging the ridges of the rifles in the rifled section of the recoilless full-calibre weapon and comprises an annular sleeve having a circumferential contact surface (10) adapted to engage the ridges of the rifles and having a longitudinal extension exceeding the width of a rifle groove so that the aligning member bridges the rifle groove and is engaging the projecting ridges of the rifles only.
2. A training weapon system according to claim 1 characterised in that the body (2) shaped as an ammunition round has a longitudinal, cylindrical portion (3) and a forward conical portion (4), said forward aligning member (5) being located at a forwardmost position of said cylindrical portion (3) for said engagement with the ridges of the rifles in the rifled portion of the full-calibre weapon.
3. A training weapon system according to claim 1 characterised in that said sub-calibre insert barrel (1) is mounted at the rear of the body (2) shaped as an ammunition round shaped body (2) in a breech block (6) with a nozzle screw thread (8).
4. A training weapon system according to claim 3 characterised by a vent hole (11) made in the cylindrical wall of the breech block to provide an exit for a possible gas leakage at the rear surface of the cartridge case.
5. A training weapon system according to claim 1 characterised in that said sub-calibre insert barrel (1) has a calibre of 20 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9702135A SE511197C2 (en) | 1997-06-05 | 1997-06-05 | Exercise weapon system for a cantilevered recoil-free anti-tank weapon with fluted fire pipe |
| SE9702135-6 | 1997-06-05 | ||
| PCT/SE1998/001021 WO1998055820A1 (en) | 1997-06-05 | 1998-05-29 | Training weapon system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2262622A1 CA2262622A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
| CA2262622C true CA2262622C (en) | 2002-02-19 |
Family
ID=20407251
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002262622A Expired - Fee Related CA2262622C (en) | 1997-06-05 | 1998-05-29 | Training weapon system |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6145440A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0923700B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2262622C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69811464T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2191311T3 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE511197C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998055820A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SG82640A1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-08-21 | Ordinance Dev And Engineering | A firearm |
| RU2272238C1 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-03-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственное научно-производственное предприятие "Базальт" | Set of training facilities |
| US7421934B1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2008-09-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Mortar tube for training |
| US9267754B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 | 2016-02-23 | Saab Ab | Training weapon system for recoilless antitank rifle weapons |
| US9383161B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2016-07-05 | James Y. Menefee, III | Handheld payload launcher system |
| WO2013058863A2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2013-04-25 | Polywad, Inc. | Recoil attenuated payload launcher system |
| US10054410B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2018-08-21 | James Y. Menefee, III | Cartridge for handheld payload launcher system |
| HK1161810A2 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-08-03 | Compressed gas pellets | |
| SE541616C2 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2019-11-12 | Saab Ab | Arrangement and method for aligning a sub-calibre barrel in a principal weapon |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT50435B (en) * | 1910-07-07 | 1911-10-25 | Anastase Grigoresco | Device to be able to fire rifle cartridges from guns. |
| CH102783A (en) * | 1923-10-31 | 1924-02-16 | Koller Schwegler Jos | Facility to be able to fire small ammunition from order rifles and trunks etc. for target practice purposes. |
| US2541025A (en) * | 1950-01-25 | 1951-02-13 | Guion S Bluford | Artillery ammunition training round |
| US2837028A (en) * | 1952-12-13 | 1958-06-03 | Fransson Fritz Vilhelm | Heavy calibre training ammunition |
| US2826145A (en) * | 1954-11-26 | 1958-03-11 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Practice ammunition rounds |
| US2857812A (en) * | 1956-03-02 | 1958-10-28 | William G Nichols | Gun having artillery training round of ammunition |
| DE1578122A1 (en) * | 1967-09-06 | 1971-10-07 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Practice cartridge |
| DE3048620A1 (en) * | 1980-12-23 | 1982-07-22 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | TRAINING SHOOTING DEVICE FOR CANNONS, PROTECTIVE OR THE LIKE |
| EP0159327A4 (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1986-01-28 | Commw Of Australia | Sub-calibre training device. |
| US4711180A (en) * | 1986-10-06 | 1987-12-08 | John Smolnik | Mortar training device with functional simulated propelling charges |
| EP0530197A1 (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1993-03-10 | SUTTERLIN, Karl | Firearm insert for firing smaller caliber ammunition and process for producing a insertable barrel |
-
1997
- 1997-06-05 SE SE9702135A patent/SE511197C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-05-29 ES ES98928721T patent/ES2191311T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-29 CA CA002262622A patent/CA2262622C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-29 WO PCT/SE1998/001021 patent/WO1998055820A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-05-29 US US09/147,627 patent/US6145440A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-29 EP EP98928721A patent/EP0923700B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-29 DE DE69811464T patent/DE69811464T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2262622A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
| DE69811464D1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| SE9702135D0 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
| ES2191311T3 (en) | 2003-09-01 |
| EP0923700B1 (en) | 2003-02-19 |
| DE69811464T2 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| US6145440A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
| WO1998055820A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
| SE511197C2 (en) | 1999-08-23 |
| SE9702135L (en) | 1998-12-06 |
| EP0923700A1 (en) | 1999-06-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20090529 |