CA2275073A1 - Method and apparatus for identifying remote sending units in a vehicle - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for identifying remote sending units in a vehicle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2275073A1
CA2275073A1 CA002275073A CA2275073A CA2275073A1 CA 2275073 A1 CA2275073 A1 CA 2275073A1 CA 002275073 A CA002275073 A CA 002275073A CA 2275073 A CA2275073 A CA 2275073A CA 2275073 A1 CA2275073 A1 CA 2275073A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
vehicle
tires
sending units
signals
tire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002275073A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2275073C (en
Inventor
William D. Stewart
Dermot J. Murphy
Stephen T. Mcclelland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schrader Bridgeport International Inc
Original Assignee
Schrader Bridgeport International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=22306928&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CA2275073(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Schrader Bridgeport International Inc filed Critical Schrader Bridgeport International Inc
Publication of CA2275073A1 publication Critical patent/CA2275073A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2275073C publication Critical patent/CA2275073C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • B60C23/0415Automatically identifying wheel mounted units, e.g. after replacement or exchange of wheels
    • B60C23/0416Automatically identifying wheel mounted units, e.g. after replacement or exchange of wheels allocating a corresponding wheel position on vehicle, e.g. front/left or rear/right
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • B60C23/0422Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver characterised by the type of signal transmission means
    • B60C23/0433Radio signals
    • B60C23/0447Wheel or tyre mounted circuits
    • B60C23/0455Transmission control of wireless signals
    • B60C23/0462Structure of transmission protocol
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • B60C23/0471System initialisation, e.g. upload or calibration of operating parameters
    • B60C23/0472System initialisation, e.g. upload or calibration of operating parameters to manually allocate ID codes or mounting positions, e.g. by service technicians

Abstract

A remote tire pressure monitoring system includes a sending unit for each monitored tire, and the sending units transmit RF signals, each including an identifier ID(i) and a pressure indicator P(i). A receiver operates in a learn mode in which the receiver associates specific identifiers either with the vehicle or with specific tires. During the learn mode the vehicle is driven at a speed above a threshold speed, such as thirty miles an hour, and identifiers are associated with either the vehicle or the respective tires of the vehicle only if they persist for a selected number of signals or frames during the learning period. In one example, the tires are inflated with different pressures according to a predetermined pattern, and the pressure indicators of the receive signals are used to associate individual tire positions with the respective sending units.
CA002275073A 1998-06-26 1999-06-17 Method and apparatus for identifying remote sending units in a vehicle Expired - Fee Related CA2275073C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/105,631 1998-06-26
US09/105,631 US6043738A (en) 1998-06-26 1998-06-26 Method and apparatus for identifying remote sending units in a vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2275073A1 true CA2275073A1 (en) 1999-12-26
CA2275073C CA2275073C (en) 2003-04-22

Family

ID=22306928

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002275073A Expired - Fee Related CA2275073C (en) 1998-06-26 1999-06-17 Method and apparatus for identifying remote sending units in a vehicle

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6043738A (en)
EP (1) EP0967095B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE317774T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2275073C (en)
DE (1) DE69929855T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2255749T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (82)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6748797B2 (en) 2000-09-08 2004-06-15 Automotive Technologies International Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring tires
US6662642B2 (en) 2000-09-08 2003-12-16 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Vehicle wireless sensing and communication system
US9443358B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2016-09-13 Automotive Vehicular Sciences LLC Vehicle software upgrade techniques
US6218936B1 (en) * 1998-08-25 2001-04-17 Pacific Industrial Co. Ltd. Tire air pressure monitoring system
US10240935B2 (en) 1998-10-22 2019-03-26 American Vehicular Sciences Llc Vehicle software upgrade techniques
US6215389B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2001-04-10 Gentex Corporation Time-independent, event-based system for receiving and discriminating unique codes from multiple transmitters and method for doing the same
US6204758B1 (en) * 1999-07-23 2001-03-20 Schrader-Bridgeport International, Inc. System to automatically determine wheel position for automotive remote tire monitoring system
US7467034B2 (en) * 2002-11-04 2008-12-16 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Tire monitoring techniques
US6417766B1 (en) 2000-01-14 2002-07-09 Schrader-Bridgeport International, Inc. Method and apparatus for identifying remote sending units in a tire pressure monitor system of a vehicle using secondary modulation of wheel rotation
US6579823B2 (en) * 2000-02-18 2003-06-17 Eastman Chemical Company Catalysts containing per-ortho aryl substituted aryl or heteroaryl substituted nitrogen donors
US6518876B1 (en) 2000-04-25 2003-02-11 Schrader-Bridgeport International, Inc. Determination of wheel sensor position using radio frequency detectors in an automotive remote tire monitor system
US8266465B2 (en) 2000-07-26 2012-09-11 Bridgestone Americas Tire Operation, LLC System for conserving battery life in a battery operated device
AU8082301A (en) 2000-07-26 2002-02-05 Bridgestone Firestone Inc Electronic tire management system
US7161476B2 (en) 2000-07-26 2007-01-09 Bridgestone Firestone North American Tire, Llc Electronic tire management system
US7911324B2 (en) * 2001-02-16 2011-03-22 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Method and system for obtaining information about RFID-equipped objects
US9084076B2 (en) 2001-02-16 2015-07-14 Intelligent Technologies International, Inc. Techniques for obtaining information about objects
US6885283B2 (en) * 2001-02-20 2005-04-26 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation Combined tire pressure monitoring and keyless entry receiver
DE60217826T2 (en) * 2001-02-20 2007-06-14 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corp., Auburn Hills COMBINED RECEIVER FOR TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING AND KEYLESS ENTRY
US6340930B1 (en) 2001-03-07 2002-01-22 Trw Inc. System and method for monitoring a condition of a vehicle tire
US20030058118A1 (en) * 2001-05-15 2003-03-27 Wilson Kitchener C. Vehicle and vehicle tire monitoring system, apparatus and method
US6489888B1 (en) 2001-06-29 2002-12-03 Johnson Controls Technology Company Using signal strength to identify tire position
US6937144B2 (en) * 2001-07-05 2005-08-30 Drakes & Christ, Llc Remote tire pressure monitoring system
DE10144359A1 (en) 2001-09-10 2003-04-03 Siemens Ag Device for measuring the tire pressure of each wheel of a motor vehicle and method for operating the device
US6696935B2 (en) 2001-09-10 2004-02-24 Gentex Corporation Tire monitoring system
US6693522B2 (en) * 2001-10-12 2004-02-17 Lear Corporation System and method for tire pressure monitoring including automatic tire location recognition
US6864803B2 (en) 2001-10-12 2005-03-08 Lear Corporation System and method for tire pressure monitoring using CDMA tire pressure signals
US6745624B2 (en) 2002-02-05 2004-06-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system for calibrating a tire pressure sensing system for an automotive vehicle
US20030164759A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-04 Lear Corporation System and method for tire pressure monitoring with optimal tire pressure indication during tire pressure adjustment
US20030164760A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-04 Lear Corporation System and method for tire pressure monitoring using vehicle radio
US6725712B1 (en) 2002-03-01 2004-04-27 Lear Corporation System and method for tire pressure monitoring with automatic tire location recognition
US20030164034A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-04 Lear Corporation System and method for using a saw based RF transmitter for FM transmission in a TPM
US6933898B2 (en) * 2002-03-01 2005-08-23 Lear Corporation Antenna for tire pressure monitoring wheel electronic device
US6668636B2 (en) 2002-03-01 2003-12-30 Lear Corporation System and method for tire pressure monitoring including tire location recognition
US6829924B2 (en) * 2002-03-01 2004-12-14 Lear Corporation Tire pressure monitoring system with low frequency initiation approach
US6691567B2 (en) 2002-03-01 2004-02-17 Lear Corporation System and method for tire pressure monitoring including automatic tire location recognition
US6876265B2 (en) * 2002-03-01 2005-04-05 Lear Corporation System and method for using a saw based RF transmitter for AM modulated transmission in a TPM
US6788193B2 (en) 2002-03-01 2004-09-07 Lear Corporation System and method for tire pressure monitoring providing automatic tire location recognition
US7154414B2 (en) 2002-03-01 2006-12-26 Lear Corporation System and method for remote tire pressure monitoring
US6647773B2 (en) 2002-03-01 2003-11-18 Lear Corporation System and method for integrated tire pressure monitoring and passive entry
WO2003079758A2 (en) * 2002-03-21 2003-10-02 Banzhof Frank S Tire pressure monitor with thin-walled valve cap
US20030179086A1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2003-09-25 Lear Corporation System for remote tire pressure monitoring with low frequency initiation antenna
US6838985B2 (en) * 2002-03-25 2005-01-04 Lear Corporation System and method for remote tire pressure monitoring with low frequency initiation
AU2003225060A1 (en) 2002-04-18 2003-11-03 Schrader-Bridgeport International Valve stem retention nut with a collar
DE10223214A1 (en) * 2002-05-24 2003-12-18 Siemens Ag Method for assigning tire modules to wheel positions of a tire pressure monitoring system for a motor vehicle and device for monitoring the tire pressure
US6980099B2 (en) 2002-07-01 2005-12-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for monitoring at least one parameter for a number of motor vehicle wheels
US6750762B1 (en) 2002-08-07 2004-06-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system for resetting tire pressure monitoring system for an automotive vehicle
US6982636B1 (en) 2002-08-07 2006-01-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system for mitigating false alarms in a tire pressure monitoring system for an automotive vehicle
US6850155B1 (en) 2002-08-07 2005-02-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system of notifying of overuse of a mini-spare tire in a tire pressure monitoring system for an automotive vehicle
US6900725B1 (en) 2002-08-07 2005-05-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system for automatically extending a tire pressure monitoring system for an automotive vehicle to include auxiliary tires
US6952160B1 (en) 2002-08-07 2005-10-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus, for identifying the location of pressure sensors in a tire pressure monitoring system
US6771169B1 (en) * 2002-08-07 2004-08-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Tire pressure monitoring system with a signal initiator
US6985076B1 (en) 2002-08-07 2006-01-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system for detecting the presence of a spare replacement in a tire pressure monitoring system for an automotive vehicle
US6784794B1 (en) 2002-08-07 2004-08-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for reminding the vehicle operator to refill the spare tire in a tire pressure monitoring system
US7026922B1 (en) 2002-08-07 2006-04-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for automatically identifying the location of pressure sensors in a tire pressure monitoring system
DE10238571B4 (en) * 2002-08-22 2007-08-02 Siemens Ag Method and device for detecting on-board wheel electronics units and wheel electronics unit
JP3964764B2 (en) * 2002-09-11 2007-08-22 アルプス電気株式会社 Tire pressure abnormality warning device and method
US20040084517A1 (en) * 2002-11-05 2004-05-06 Glen Harm Method and apparatus for writing information to a tire pressure monitoring sensor
DE10317597A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-11-11 Enocean Gmbh Vehicle wheel or tire sensors position determination method, in which positions are determined based on assignment of signals to predetermined time points with an evaluation unit having a learn mode for assignment purposes
EP1480399B1 (en) * 2003-05-21 2018-01-17 Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. Reception of differently modulated signals, in particular for remote keyless entry systems
US7205885B2 (en) * 2003-08-25 2007-04-17 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation Tire sensor communication system
JP4389571B2 (en) * 2003-12-08 2009-12-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Wheel information acquisition device
US7092804B2 (en) 2004-07-16 2006-08-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for providing refill or bleed alerts in a tire pressure monitoring system
DE102004034875A1 (en) 2004-07-19 2006-03-16 Siemens Ag Device for locating a wheel electronics in a motor vehicle
CN100399046C (en) * 2004-09-15 2008-07-02 敦扬科技股份有限公司 Positioning method for tire state sensor
US7403104B2 (en) 2004-12-06 2008-07-22 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Tire pressure monitoring system and method
US7224269B2 (en) * 2004-12-15 2007-05-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system for resetting tire pressure monitoring system for an automotive vehicle
US20060206247A1 (en) * 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Tire parameter sensing system having a tire-based unit that is responsive to a trigger signal and associated method
US7508299B2 (en) * 2005-03-18 2009-03-24 Infineon Technologies Ag Wireless network time stamp system and method
US7385485B2 (en) * 2005-03-18 2008-06-10 Infineon Technologies Ag Smart time tire monitoring system
US7369043B2 (en) * 2005-05-11 2008-05-06 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for automatically identifying the location of pressure sensors in a tire pressure monitoring system
US7570157B2 (en) * 2005-10-24 2009-08-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for adjusting the pressure sensor measurement range in a tire pressure monitoring system
US7705717B2 (en) * 2005-11-30 2010-04-27 Ford Global Technologies Method and apparatus for receiving signals from a sensor into a tire pressure monitoring system
FR2894338A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-06-08 Siemens Vdo Automotive Sas Rotary, immobile or mobile condition determining method for motor vehicle wheel, involves declaring, by measuring unit, wheels as immobile/mobile in absence of measurement signal variations/during modulation of signal
DE102006025174A1 (en) * 2006-05-30 2007-12-06 Siemens Ag Device and method for determining the sensor position of sensor units of a driver assistance system
US7593970B2 (en) * 2006-09-08 2009-09-22 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Data receiving system, data broadcasting system, data receiving method and data broadcasting method
DE102007046492A1 (en) 2007-09-28 2009-06-04 Continental Automotive Gmbh Motor vehicle wheel's mounting condition detecting device, has electrical coupling devices e.g. galvanic couplings, coupling two ends of rim band, respectively, and alternating current voltage source supplying voltage
US20090096599A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-16 Stemco Lp Identification and Monitoring of Vehicle Sensors
US10160268B2 (en) * 2013-07-26 2018-12-25 Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. Central tire pressure monitoring system
JP2015039892A (en) * 2013-08-20 2015-03-02 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Wheel information acquisition device
FR3011770B1 (en) * 2013-10-11 2015-10-30 Ldl Technology METHOD FOR OPERATING A SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE PRESSURE AND / OR THE TEMPERATURE OF THE TIRES OF A VEHICLE AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING IT
CN107627794A (en) * 2017-09-04 2018-01-26 广东菲柯特电子科技有限公司 Automobile tire pressure monitoring system and pressure sensor matching method
CN112208274A (en) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-12 张家港市鸿嘉数字科技有限公司 Data transmission method based on wireless Bluetooth receiver

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4609905A (en) * 1984-05-11 1986-09-02 Eaton Corporation Tire condition monitoring system
DE3539489A1 (en) * 1985-11-07 1987-05-14 Uniroyal Englebert Gmbh METHOD FOR DETERMINING A VARIABLE AIR PRESSURE VALUE OF A VEHICLE TIRE AND DISPLAYING A PRESSURE VALUE
FR2624802B1 (en) * 1987-12-18 1990-04-13 Michelin & Cie ENCODING THE VALUE OF MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS IN A TIRE
US5285189A (en) * 1991-05-14 1994-02-08 Epic Technologies, Inc. Abnormal tire condition warning system
US5289160A (en) * 1991-09-30 1994-02-22 Fiorletta Carl A Tire pressure monitoring system
DE4205911A1 (en) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-02 Uwatec Ag CONTROL DEVICE FOR THE AIR PRESSURE OF AIR TIRED VEHICLE WHEELS
US5600301A (en) * 1993-03-11 1997-02-04 Schrader Automotive Inc. Remote tire pressure monitoring system employing coded tire identification and radio frequency transmission, and enabling recalibration upon tire rotation or replacement
US5463374A (en) * 1994-03-10 1995-10-31 Delco Electronics Corporation Method and apparatus for tire pressure monitoring and for shared keyless entry control
US5661651A (en) * 1995-03-31 1997-08-26 Prince Corporation Wireless vehicle parameter monitoring system
US5731516A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-24 Handfield; Michael System and method for monitoring a pneumatic tire
DE19608479A1 (en) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-22 Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco Method for assigning transmitters of a tire pressure monitoring system to a specific vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0967095A2 (en) 1999-12-29
EP0967095B1 (en) 2006-02-15
EP0967095A3 (en) 2003-08-20
CA2275073C (en) 2003-04-22
ES2255749T3 (en) 2006-07-01
US6043738A (en) 2000-03-28
DE69929855D1 (en) 2006-04-20
DE69929855T2 (en) 2006-09-28
ATE317774T1 (en) 2006-03-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2275073A1 (en) Method and apparatus for identifying remote sending units in a vehicle
US6774778B2 (en) Tire pressure monitoring device and code learning method therefor
ATE186022T1 (en) DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE AIR PRESSURE OF PAIR-TIRED VEHICLE WHEELS
ATE246607T1 (en) AIR PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR ASSOCIATING IT TO A WHEEL POSITION
US6518876B1 (en) Determination of wheel sensor position using radio frequency detectors in an automotive remote tire monitor system
CA2294695C (en) Method for communicating data in remote tire pressure monitoring system
US7231274B2 (en) Method of programming a tire monitoring system
DE19632150B4 (en) Method for checking the air pressure in the tires of motor vehicle wheels
CA2273175A1 (en) Process for evaluating the signals from a tyre pressure monitoring system
WO1992014620A3 (en) Tire monitoring apparatus and method
EP0832765A3 (en) Tyre pressure monitoring system
EP1388437A4 (en) Tire air pressure sensor unit, tire air pressure monitoring system, and method of recording self-identification codes for tire air pressure sensor unit
WO2003068536A3 (en) Tyre pressure monitoring system
CN101746232A (en) Method and system for associating a tire pressure sensor to a wheel location in an intitiator based tire pressure monitoring system
JP2002131165A (en) Alarm device for air-pressure in tire and device receiving it
CN105774428B (en) A kind of TPMS automatic matching methods and system
CN100429089C (en) Identification registering method for sensor of tyre pressure monitor
US20030093198A1 (en) System and method for monitoring the wheels of a motor vehicle
GB2385928A (en) Automatic tire location recognition
CN102514454A (en) Automobile tire moving monitoring method and system
EP1388440A3 (en) A method and apparatus for identifying the location of pressure sensors in a tyre pressure monitoring system
DE10307294A1 (en) System and method for tire pressure monitoring using a vehicle radio
WO2003086788A1 (en) System and method of recognition of transmitter identifiers for tires associated with a vehicle
MXPA99006061A (en) Method and apparatus for the identification of remote sending units in a vehic
CA2221174A1 (en) Tire monitoring apparatus and method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request
MKLA Lapsed

Effective date: 20160617