CA2296955A1 - Film sealing apparatus having an optical energy source - Google Patents

Film sealing apparatus having an optical energy source Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2296955A1
CA2296955A1 CA002296955A CA2296955A CA2296955A1 CA 2296955 A1 CA2296955 A1 CA 2296955A1 CA 002296955 A CA002296955 A CA 002296955A CA 2296955 A CA2296955 A CA 2296955A CA 2296955 A1 CA2296955 A1 CA 2296955A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
energy source
shoe
counter
sealing
window
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002296955A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Stefan Nettesheim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Syntegon Packaging Systems AG
Original Assignee
SIG Pack Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SIG Pack Systems AG filed Critical SIG Pack Systems AG
Publication of CA2296955A1 publication Critical patent/CA2296955A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1435—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1435—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
    • B29C65/1441—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding making use of a reflector on the opposite side, e.g. a polished mandrel or a mirror
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1445—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface heating both sides of the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1477—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B29C65/148—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier placed at the interface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1477—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B29C65/1483—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier coated on the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81419—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled and flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83511—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83511—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B29C66/83513—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums cooperating jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums and moving in a closed path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849—Packaging machines
    • B29C66/8491—Packaging machines welding through a filled container, e.g. tube or bag
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/22—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/26—Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes
    • B65B51/30—Devices, e.g. jaws, for applying pressure and heat, e.g. for subdividing filled tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1406—Ultraviolet [UV] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1409—Visible light radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex

Abstract

An apparatus for sealing films together along a path includes a sealing shoe and a counter shoe defining a clearance through which the films pass. The sealing shoe includes an elongated optical energy source having a length dimension oriented generally parallel to the sealing path;
a reflector for focussing light emitted by the energy source; a window transparent to the light and having an outer surface adapted to be oriented toward the counter shoe for sealing the films by the light; and a firing arrangement for activating the energy source. The window and the counter shoe are urged toward one another.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the priority of Swiss Application No. 1999 0161/99 filed January 29, 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Packing machines using plastic film wrappers frequently include sealing shoes with cooperating counter, shoes for providing sealed seams on superposed plastic films (sheets) forming a packing hose. The sealing shoe or both the sealing shoe and the counter shoe are heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the thermoplastic packing sheet, and the shoes are pressed ta' one another to seal the superposed plastic films positioned between the two shoes.
The output capacity of the above-outlined systems i~
necessarily limited. The heat is conducted through the film into the sealing zone. If the sealing temperature is too low, insufficient heat is transferred to the sealing', layer. If, on the contrary, the sealing tools are too hctit, the film tends to adhere to the contact faces of the tools.
Dependent on the film thickness.and the operating cycle, _2_ the parameter range in which a reliable operation is ensured might be extremely narrow. In case of rotary transverse sealing shoes, the sealing period depends from the feeding speed of the film. At high feeding speeds the sealing period is too short to produce a stable sealed seam. Such a boundary speed may be increased by providing that the transverse sealing shoe co-travels along a linear trajectory with the traveling film as described, for example, in International Application WO 96/17720. For this purpose, however, a complex mechanical system is required which often leads to vibrations, wear and operational disturbances.
In general, the sealed seam of a thermoplastic material may be exposed to stresses only after the temperature has dropped below the melting temperature.
Since, because of the contact with the hot sealing tool, the entire seam volume is heated, in addition to the speed of the energy supply, the cooling phase also limits the minimum required period to ensure that the sealed seam may be exposed to stresses.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide an 2S improved apparatus of the above-outlined type with which a . CA 02296955 2000-O1-25 rapid sealing may be performed and which is of simple construction.
This object and others to become apparent as the specification progresses, are accomplished by the invention, according to which, briefly stated, the apparatus for sealing films together along a path includes a sealing shoe and a counter shoe defining a clearance through which the films pass. The sealing shoe includes an elongated optical energy source having a length dimension l0 oriented generally parallel to the sealing path; a reflector for focussing light emitted by the energy source;
a window transparent to the light and having an outer surface adapted to be oriented toward the counter shoe for sealing the films by the light; and a firing arrangement for activating the energy source. The window and the counter shoe are urged toward one another.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a sectional end elevational view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional side elevational view of the construction shown in Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 are sectional side elevational views of two further preferred embodiments of the invention.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary enlarged sectional elevational view of a variant of Figure 4.
Figures 6a through lla are cross-sectional views of superposed plastic films of various properties depicted during irradiation with optical energy for sealing the films to one another.
Figures 6b through llb are cross-sectional views of the superposed plastic films shown in the respective Figures 6a through lla, depicted in a sealed state after irradiation with optical energy.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 includes a sealing shoe 10 and a counter shoe 11 which are rotatable in synchronism in opposite directions about two respective, parallel spaced axes 12, 13 in the direction of respective arrows 14a and 14b. The packing hose 15 which is advanced in the conveying direction A between the sealing shoe 10 and the counter~shoe 11 contains uniformly spaced products 16 to be packaged. The hose 15 is composed of a thermoplastic film 18 and has a longitudinal sealed seam (not shown) . By means of transverse severing through the middle of the transverse sealed seams, individual packages 17 are obtained.

The sealing shoe 10 includes a cross-sectionally rectangular rotor 20 rotatable about the axis 12 and an optical unit 21 which includes a carrier 22 radially displaceable on the rotor 20 and biased by a spring 23 radially outwardly against a non-illustrated stop. A
prismatic housing 24 made of an insulating material such as a plastic is secured to the carrier 22. Further, in the housing 24 an aluminum reflector 26 is mounted, having a cylindrical reflecting surface 27 which is cross-sectionally elliptical. A cylindrical gas discharge flash lamp such as a xenon lamp is arranged coaxially with the focal axis 28 of the surface 27, extending parallel to the rotary axis 12. The two electrodes 30, 31 of the lamp 29 are connected to a high-voltage pulse generator 32 which has a condenser switching circuit, setting elements 33 for setting parameters such as voltage, current intensity, duration of pulse and pulse shape as well as indicator elements 44 for displaying the set parameters. The space 35 between the lamp 29 and the reflector 26 is closed by a transparent window 36 which is preferably of a scratch proof material, such as sapphire glass. The approximately cylindrically curved outer surface 37 of the window 36 has a central flattened portion 38 which is oriented perpendicularly to the plane containing the axes 12, 28.
The space 35 is connected to a coolant circuit 39; the ' . ~ CA 02296955 2000-O1-25 coolant may be air or a transparent, electrically insulating liquid such as de-ionized water.
The counter shoe 11 has a rotor 42 having a rectangular cross section. A holder body 43 is radially displaceably mounted on the rotor 42 and is biased radially outwardly by a spring 44 against a stop. The arcuate (convex) counter face 45 of the holder body 43 has a central flattened portion 46.
In the description which follows, the operation of the above-described apparatus will be set forth.
The sealing shoe 10 and the counter shoe 11 run in synchronism in opposite directions. The circumferential speed of the two surfaces 37 and 45 is approximately the same as the advancing speed of the tubular hose 15 at least when the. surfaces 37 and 45 press together the two film layers of the hose 15 running between the sealing shoe 10 and the counter shoe 11. The rotary angle of the rotors 20, 42 is synchronized with the longitudinal feed in such a manner that the window 36 of the sealing shoe 10 and the holder body 43 of the counter shoe 11 at all times engage the hose 15 between two products 16. The flash lamp 25 is fired at the moment when the axes 12, 13 and 28 lie in a common plane, that is, the flattened portions 38 and 46 press the hose 15 together. By means of a pulsed electrical field between the two electrodes 30, 31 in the ' . ~ CA 02296955 2000-O1-25 discharge volume, a gas is converted into an electrically conducting plasma by impact ionization, and the plasma is heated up by the electric current. The light emission consists of a black body radiation with a color temperature of up to approximately 10,000 K which is. superposed by the characteristic spectral lines of the ionized gas; this corresponds to a wide spectral emission of 160-2500 nm.
The emission proceeds from the upper surface of the ignited, light-impervious plasma.
The energy radially emitted by the lamp 29 is reflected by the elliptical reflecting surface 27 on the second focal point of the ellipse. Such second focal point is situated approximately on the flattened portion 38 of the window 36 or, stated differently, at a location which is at a distance from the hose 15, corresponding to a single or dual thickness of the film 18 of the hose 15. In this manner more than one-half of the energy radiated by the lamp 29 is concentrated on the focal line at the surface in the middle or on the underside of the hose 15 so that on the focal line an energy density of more than 2 J/cm2, up to 30 J/cm2 is obtained, resulting in a very high degree of efficiency. Dependent on the thickness of the film of the hose 15, a pulse duration between 50 microseconds and 10 milliseconds is required. The desired spectrum of the emitted radiation depends from the type of _g_ the film 18 because the absorption coefficient of the material is dependent from the wave length. The radiation spectrum is relatively wide; it has, however, a maximum which depends from the current intensity. In case of 1,000 A/cm2 the maximum is, for example, in the visible spectral range and shifts to the ultraviolet range upon an increase to 10, 000 A/cm2.
Assuming an advancing speed of 1 m/s in the direction A, a circulating radius of 8 cm of the surface 38 and a flash duration of 0.1 millisecond, there is obtained, for example, a rotary angle of only 3.5 arc minutes of the sealing device 10 during the duration of the flash. The sealing occurs thus extraordinarily rapidly and thereafter the surfaces 38, 45 are still pressed together for a i5 sufficiently long period to result in a rapid cooling of the sealed seam. In this manner, very high output rates may be achieved. Large energy quantities may be introduced on purpose into the sealed seam. The pressing components of the shoes remain cold and cool the sealed seam immediately. Thick transparent material may be welded onto any desired absorbing material. The device is adapted also for a contactless sealing without a mechanical contact between the device and the films 18.
The embodiment according to Figure 3 differs principally from that of Figures 1 and 2 in that the reflector 26 and the lamp 29 are stationary and the window 36 is mounted on a carrier 51 which rotates about an axis 52 which is parallel to the axis 28 and which lies in a plane which contains the axes 28 and 13. The space 35 may be closed by a further window 53 shown in a dash-dotted line in Figure 3. This arrangement makes possible to provide coolant circuit 39. This embodiment has above all the advantage that the flash lamp 29 is less exposed to shocks and that the terminals at the generator 32 and the coolant circuit 39 are of simpler construction.
In case the hose 15 is intermittently advanced, the counter shoe 11 and the window 36, instead of being rotated, may be moved linearly in suitable guides in the direction of the arrow 54 perpendicularly to the conveying direction A.
The device according to Figure 4 differs from that of Figure 3 in that the reflector 26 rotates whereas the flash lamp 29 remains stationary. The holder body 43 has a transparent window 61 and a reflecting, elliptical-cylindrical surface (counter reflector) 62 whose cross section complements the upper surface 27 of the reflector 26 in the focal point to an almost complete ellipse. The focal axis 28 of the reflector 26 is the rotary axis 12 of the reflector 26. The other focal point 63 lies in the middle of the two films 18 to be welded together. This ' ~ CA 02296955 2000-O1-25 embodiment is particularly adapted for sealing partially transparent films 18 because the light which is directly radiated from the lamp 29 to the window 36 is concentrated by the upper surface 62 on the focal line 63.
Figure 5 shows a variant of the reflecting surface 27 of the reflector 26 which is structured in accordance with U.S. Patent No. 4,641,315 and whose cross section is an involute. Such a cross-sectional configuration is useful mainly in the vicinity of the flash lamp 29 because of its l0 radiation characteristics (opaque surface emitter).
The device according to the invention may also be driven in such a manner that a first flash produces a sealed seam and immediately thereafter a second, shorter but more intensive flash severs the hose 15 in the middle of the just-formed sealed seam.
The six figure pairs 6a,b through lla,b show variants of the films 18 to be sealed. The left-hand illustration of each pair shows the films during application of optical energy, and the right-hand illustration of each pair shows the films provided with a sealed seam.
The films of Figures 6a, 6b are weakly absorbing.
Particularly the apparatus according to Figure 4 is adapted to provide them with a sealed seam.
Figures 7a, 7b show the sealing of substantially absorbing films 18. In this case the heat admission to the sealed seam 58 is effected by heat conduction by and through the upper film 18.
In the variant according to Figures 8a, 8b at least one of the films 18 is a compound film having an outer, transparent layer 59 and an inner, light-absorbing layer 60.
According to the variant shown in Figures 9a, 9b the films 18 are transparent and an additional, light-absorbing strip 61 is sealed in between.
In the variant according to Figures 10a, lOb the film 18 facing the lamp 29 is transparent while the other film 18 is light absorbing.
In the variants according to Figures 8a, 8b; 9a, 9b;
and 10a, lOb the energy is directly introduced at the location to be welded. In this manner, the sealing process is particularly rapid and efficient.
In the variant according to Figures lla, 11b both films 18 are transparent; the holder body 43 and/or its upper surface 45 is then light absorbing.
It will be understood that the above description of the present invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes and adaptations, and the same are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.

Claims (14)

1. An apparatus for sealing films together along a path, comprising a sealing shoe and a counter shoe defining a clearance through which the films pass; said sealing shoe including (1) an elongated optical energy source having a length dimension oriented generally parallel to said path;
(2) a reflector for focussing light emitted by said energy source;
(3) a window transparent to said light and having an outer surface adapted to be oriented toward said counter shoe for sealing the films by said light; and (4) firing means for activating said energy source;
further comprising means for urging said window towards said counter shoe and for urging said counter shoe towards said window.
2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said means comprises pressing means for urging said window and said counter shoe into engagement with one another for pressing the films therebetween.
3. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said optical energy source includes a high-intensity pulsed light source.
4. The apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein said light source is a gas discharge lamp.
5. The apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein said gas discharge lamp is a xenon flash lamp.
6. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said reflector has a surface forming, when viewed cross-sectionally, one part of an ellipse having first and second focal points; further wherein said energy source is disposed in said first focal point and said second focal point is situated in said outer surface of said window.
7. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said counter shoe includes a counter plate transparent to said light and a counter reflector; said counter reflector of said counter shoe and said reflector of said sealing shoe forming a closed optical unit at a moment when said energy source is activated by said firing means; said optical unit having first and second focal points; at said moment said energy source being situated in said first focal point and the films passing through said second focal point.
8. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, further comprising a space defined by said surface of said reflector and said window and a coolant circuit for circulating a transparent coolant through said space.
9. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, further comprising means for rotating said reflector and said window as a unit about a longitudinal axis of said energy source and means for rotating said counter shoe in synchronism and opposite to said energy source about a second axis spaced from said first axis.
10. The apparatus as defined in claim 9, wherein said energy source is stationarily supported.
11. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said energy source and said reflector are stationarily supported.
12. The apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein said energy source has a longitudinal axis; further comprising a carrier mounted for rotation about an axis spaced from and parallel to said longitudinal axis.
13. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said window is of a scratch proof material.
14. The apparatus as defined in claim 13, wherein said material is sapphire glass.
CA002296955A 1999-01-29 2000-01-25 Film sealing apparatus having an optical energy source Abandoned CA2296955A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH0161/99 1999-01-29
CH16199 1999-01-29

Publications (1)

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CA2296955A1 true CA2296955A1 (en) 2000-07-29

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EP (1) EP1024085B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000219214A (en)
KR (1) KR20010029557A (en)
AT (1) ATE268293T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2296955A1 (en)
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ATE268293T1 (en) 2004-06-15
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EP1024085A3 (en) 2002-01-23
KR20010029557A (en) 2001-04-06
JP2000219214A (en) 2000-08-08
EP1024085A2 (en) 2000-08-02
US6387209B1 (en) 2002-05-14

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