CA2319639C - Locating network echos - Google Patents

Locating network echos Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2319639C
CA2319639C CA002319639A CA2319639A CA2319639C CA 2319639 C CA2319639 C CA 2319639C CA 002319639 A CA002319639 A CA 002319639A CA 2319639 A CA2319639 A CA 2319639A CA 2319639 C CA2319639 C CA 2319639C
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Prior art keywords
echo
transfer function
communication path
signals
cancelling
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Expired - Lifetime
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CA002319639A
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French (fr)
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CA2319639A1 (en
Inventor
Mirjana Popovic
Dieter Schulz
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Mitel Networks Corp
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Mitel Networks Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02Details
    • H04B3/20Reducing echo effects or singing; Opening or closing transmitting path; Conditioning for transmission in one direction or the other
    • H04B3/23Reducing echo effects or singing; Opening or closing transmitting path; Conditioning for transmission in one direction or the other using a replica of transmitted signal in the time domain, e.g. echo cancellers

Abstract

An echo cancelling system for cancelling echoes in a communication path includes an echo locator and an echo canceller. The echo locator is coupled to the communication path and locates the positions of echo signals received fr om the communication path. The echo canceller is also coupled to the communication path and cancels echo signals received therefrom. During echo cancellation, the echo canceller becomes active in regions corresponding to the positions of echo signals in response to the echo locator.

Description

LOCATING NETWORK ECHOS
Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to communication networks and in particular to an echo cancelling system and method for cancelling echos in a communication path.
Background of the Invention Echo cancellers to cancel echos in a communication path are well known. A typical echo canceller generates a filter that models the transfer function of the echo signal path using a linear algorithm such as a least-mean-squared (LMS) algorithm. Network signals conveyed to the echo signal path are also conveyed to the echo canceller. The filter therein processes the network signals to generate an estimated copy of echo signals received from the echo signal path. The estimated echo signals and actual echo signals received from the echo signal path are subtracted.
Differences between the estimated echo signals and the actual echo signals result in error signals, which are fed back to the echo canceller so that the echo canceller can converge to the correct transfer function.
When dealing with long delay networks, the echo signal path can change and can be different from call to call. As a result, an adaptive algorithm is required to allow the echo canceller to model adaptively the echo signal path.
Unfortunately, the longer the time window or delay of the echo signals that are required to be cancelled, the longer the adaptive algorithm takes to adapt to the correct transfer function.
In addition, as the total time window increases, the number of coefficients in the filter generated by the adaptive algorithm increases, requiring more processing power. Placing conventional echo cancellers in long delay networks to cancel echos from traditional networks such as public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) or private branch exchanges (PBXs) increases the complexity and cost significantly.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novel echo cancelling system and method and a novel echo locator.
-2-~ummar,~of the Invention In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided an echo cancelling system for cancelling echos in a communication path comprising:
S an echo locator coupled to said communication path to locate positions of echo signals received from said communication path, said echo locator including a first adaptive filter generating a transfer function approximating that of said communication path; and an echo canceller coupled to said communication path to cancel echo signals received therefrom, said echo canceller including a second adaptive filter including selectable filter coefficients, wherein peaks in said transfer function are used by said echo locator to generate output signals to activate selected filter coefficients of said second adaptive filter corresponding to the positions of echo signals received from said communication path, said output signals having magnitudes proportional to the magnitudes of said peaks.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of cancelling echos in a communication path comprising the steps:
locating positions of echo signals in said communication path and generating a transfer function approximating that of said communication path;
determining the peaks in said transfer function and generating output signals having magnitudes proportional to the magnitudes of said peaks; and activating an echo canceller only in regions corresponding to the positions of the echo signals in response to said output signals, thereby to cancel echos in said communication path.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention there is provided an echo cancelling system for cancelling echos in a communication channel, comprising:
echo locating means connected to said communication channel and operable to downsample reference signals transmitted to the communication channel and return signals received from the communication channel, said echo locating means including a first adaptive filter operable to generate a transfer function modelling of said communication channel from said downsampled reference and -2a-return signals and generate coefficient indicators corresponding to peaks in said transfer function, the magnitudes of said coefficient indicators being dependent on the magnitudes of said peaks; and echo cancelling means connected to said communication channel and having a second adaptive filter including selectable filter coefficients allowing said echo cancelling means to be activated in selected regions corresponding to the positions of echos, said echo cancelling means being responsive to said coefficient indicators and activating selected filter coefficients thereby to cancel said echos.
The present invention provides advantages in that since the position of echos in the echo signal time window are determined, the echo canceller can be made active only in those areas in the time window. As a result, a reduced number of filter
-3-coefficients used to generate the filter modeling the echo signal path need to be active.
This allows the echo canceller to adapt faster to changes in the echo signal path. In addition, by reducing the number of active filter coefficients, fewer processing cycles are required to generate the filter. Furthermore, the echo canceller is more robust in adverse conditions.
Brief Descriptions of the Drawing An embodiment of the present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional prior art echo canceller;
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an echo canceller and echo locator in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the echo locator of Figure 2; and Figure 4 is a graph showing an echo signal received from an echo signal path.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Turning now to Figure 1, a conventional echo canceller in parallel with a communication path 12 in which echo signals are generated is shown and is generally indicated to by reference numeral 10. The echo canceller 10 generates a filter modeling the transfer function of the echo signal path using a least-mean-squared (LMS) algorithm so that the echo canceller generates estimated echo signals that are the same as the echo signals received from the communication path 12.
The estimated echo signals are subtracted 14 from the actual echo signals in an attempt to cancel the echo signals. The amount of cancellation is commonly referred to as ERLE. Differences between the estimated echo signals and the actual echo signals result in error signals. The error signals are fed back to the echo canceller 10 so that the echo canceller can attempt to converge to the correct transfer fimction and generate a filter which more closely models the echo signal path.
As mentioned previously, the algorithm executed by the echo canceller 10 takes longer to converge to the correct transfer function as the time window of
-4-echo signals received from the communication path 12 increases. As a result, echo signals pass through the echo canceller 10.
To deal with the above, a network echo locator 30 in accordance with the present invention is provided and is used in conjunction with an echo canceller 32.
S As can be seen in Figure 2, the echo locator 30 is in parallel with the echo canceller 32. The echo locator 30 provides input to the echo canceller 32 which is used by the echo canceller to limit the number of active filter coefficients or taps during generation of the filter modeling the communication path 34.
Turning now to Figure 3, the echo signal locator 30 is better illustrated.
As can be seen, the echo locator 30 includes a downsampler 40 receiving reference signals transmitted to the communication path 34 and downsampler 42 receiving return signals from the communication path 34. The downsampler 40 downsamples the transmitted reference signals by a factor of M without a downsampling filter while the downsampler 42 downsamples the return signals by the same factor of M
without 1 S a downsampling filter. An adaptive filter 44 receives the downsampled reference and return signals and includes an LMS processor 46 executing an LMS algorithm.
The LMS algorithm generates an aliased transfer function modelling the communication path 34 and processes the downsampled reference signals to produce estimated downsampled return signals. The estimated downsampled return signals are subtracted (block 48) from the downsampled return signals to generate feedback error signals 49, which are used to adjust the transfer function. The LMS processor generates output signals corresponding to the peaks in the transfer function, which are conveyed to the echo canceller 32 to activate selected filter coefficients thereof.
The peaks in the aliased transfer function of the echo locator 30 represent the areas of active echoes in the communication path 34. Only these areas need to be active in the echo canceller 32 in order to cancel the echoes. For example, if M=4 and the peaks in the aliased transfer function of the LMS processor 42 are at positions 3, 4 and 5 and 10, 11, and 12, then the filter coefficients or taps in the LMS
algorithm of the echo canceller 32 which need to be made active by the echo locator 30 are:
3 x M = 12 up to 5 x M = 20; and IOxM=40 up to l2xM=48.
-5-The remaining taps of the echo canceller are considered to be equal to zero and do not need to be used in the adaptation calculation or filtering of the echo canceller.
If desired, a weighting function can be applied to the taps in the echo canceller 32 based on the magnitude of the peaks in the aliased transfer function of the echo locator 30. In this case, higher peaks in the transfer function of the echo locator result in higher weightings applied to the corresponding taps in the echo canceller.
Turning now to Figure 4, a time window 50 for an echo signal is shown. As can be seen, within the time window, echo signals 52 are present in only two locations within the time window. In a conventional echo signal canceller, the filter generated by the echo canceller will be active over the entire time window.
However, through use of the echo locator of the present invention, the echo canceller, which is responsive to the echo locator, is only active in the regions within the time window in which echo signals are present.
Although a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described, those of skill in the art will appreciate that variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

We Claim:
1. An echo cancelling system for cancelling echos in a communication path comprising:
an echo locator coupled to said communication path to locate positions of echo signals received from said communication path, said echo locator including a first adaptive filter generating a transfer function approximating that of said communication path; and an echo canceller coupled to said communication path to cancel echo signals received therefrom, said echo canceller including a second adaptive filter including selectable filter coefficients, wherein peaks in said transfer function are used by said echo locator to generate output signals to activate selected filter coefficients of said second adaptive filter corresponding to the positions of echo signals received from said communication path, said output signals having magnitudes proportional to the magnitudes of said peaks.
2. An echo cancelling system as defined in Claim 1 wherein said first and second adaptive filters are LMS adaptive filters.
3. An echo cancelling system as defined in Claim 1 or 2 wherein said transfer function is an aliased transfer function.
4. A method of cancelling echos in a communication path comprising the steps:
locating positions of echo signals in said communication path and generating a transfer function approximating that of said communication path;
determining the peaks in said transfer function and generating output signals having magnitudes proportional to the magnitudes of said peaks; and activating an echo canceller only in regions corresponding to the positions of the echo signals in response to said output signals, thereby to cancel echos in said communication path.
5. An echo cancelling system for cancelling echos in a communication channel, comprising:
echo locating means connected to said communication channel and operable to downsample reference signals transmitted to the communication channel and return signals received from the communication channel, said echo locating means including a first adaptive filter operable to generate a transfer function modelling of said communication channel from said downsampled reference and return signals and generate coefficient indicators corresponding to peaks in said transfer function, the magnitudes of said coefficient indicators being dependent on the magnitudes of said peaks; and echo cancelling means connected to said communication channel and having a second adaptive filter including selectable filter coefficients allowing said echo cancelling means to be activated in selected regions corresponding to the positions of echos, said echo cancelling means being responsive to said coefficient indicators and activating selected filter coefficients thereby to cancel said echos.
6. An echo cancelling system as defined in Claim 5, wherein said first adaptive filter employs a LMS method to generate said transfer function.
7. An echo cancelling system as defined in Claim 5 or 6, wherein said second adaptive filter is an LMS filter.
8. An echo cancelling system as defined in any one of Claims 5 to 7, wherein said transfer function is an aliased transfer function.
CA002319639A 1999-09-14 2000-09-14 Locating network echos Expired - Lifetime CA2319639C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9921555.0 1999-09-14
GB9921555A GB2354414B (en) 1999-09-14 1999-09-14 Locating network echos

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2379369B (en) 2001-08-29 2005-06-29 Zarlink Semiconductor Inc Subband echo location and double-talk detection in communication systems
GB0212397D0 (en) 2002-05-29 2002-07-10 Mitel Knowledge Corp Line echo cancellation system
US7274732B2 (en) * 2003-03-21 2007-09-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Echo cancellation in communication systems with asymmetric data rates
GB2427332B (en) * 2005-06-16 2007-05-16 Trinity Convergence Inc Systems and methods for adaptive echo cancellation

Family Cites Families (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2123258A (en) * 1982-06-25 1984-01-25 Philips Electronic Associated Digital duplex communication system
US4823382A (en) * 1986-10-01 1989-04-18 Racal Data Communications Inc. Echo canceller with dynamically positioned adaptive filter taps
CA2116584C (en) * 1991-08-30 1999-01-19 Vijay R. Raman Adaptive echo canceller for voice messaging system
CA2060667C (en) * 1992-02-05 1998-12-08 Paul Marc Yatrou Adaptive sparse echo canceller using a sub-rate filter for active tap selection
US5295136A (en) * 1992-04-13 1994-03-15 Motorola, Inc. Method of performing convergence in a, least mean square, adaptive filter, echo canceller
FI935834A (en) * 1993-12-23 1995-06-24 Nokia Telecommunications Oy A method for adapting to an echo point in an echo canceller
JP2749780B2 (en) * 1994-09-30 1998-05-13 株式会社エイ・ティ・アール人間情報通信研究所 Adaptive cross-correlator
CA2174366C (en) * 1995-04-20 2001-03-27 Shoji Makino Subband echo cancellation method using projection algorithm
US5649012A (en) * 1995-09-15 1997-07-15 Hughes Electronics Method for synthesizing an echo path in an echo canceller
US5721782A (en) * 1996-03-25 1998-02-24 Motorola, Inc. Partitioned echo canceler utilizing decimation echo location
US6185300B1 (en) * 1996-12-31 2001-02-06 Ericsson Inc. Echo canceler for use in communications system
US6757385B1 (en) * 1999-06-04 2004-06-29 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Symmetry based subband acoustic echo cancellation

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GB2354414B (en) 2004-12-22
GB9921555D0 (en) 1999-11-17
GB2354414A (en) 2001-03-21
CA2319639A1 (en) 2001-03-14
US6947395B1 (en) 2005-09-20

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