CA2356175A1 - Transdermal delivery of fine powders - Google Patents

Transdermal delivery of fine powders Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2356175A1
CA2356175A1 CA002356175A CA2356175A CA2356175A1 CA 2356175 A1 CA2356175 A1 CA 2356175A1 CA 002356175 A CA002356175 A CA 002356175A CA 2356175 A CA2356175 A CA 2356175A CA 2356175 A1 CA2356175 A1 CA 2356175A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
powder
pad
potential
skin
envelope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002356175A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2356175C (en
Inventor
Zohar Avrahami
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Syneron Medical Ltd
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2356175A1 publication Critical patent/CA2356175A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2356175C publication Critical patent/CA2356175C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/327—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for enhancing the absorption properties of tissue, e.g. by electroporation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
    • A61N1/0496—Patch electrodes characterised by using specific chemical compositions, e.g. hydrogel compositions, adhesives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
    • A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/325—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0476—Array electrodes (including any electrode arrangement with more than one electrode for at least one of the polarities)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
    • Y10S977/773—Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
    • Y10S977/775—Nanosized powder or flake, e.g. nanosized catalyst

Abstract

A device for delivery of a powder (28) to the skin (60) of a subject include s a pad (20), made of an insulating material and having an upper side (22) and a lower side (24), which lower side is placed against the skin after applicati on of the powder thereto. An electrical power source (30) applies an electrical potential to the pad, causing the powder to adhere by electrostatic force to the lower side of the pad, and then alters the potential so that the powder is released from the pad and contacts the skin against which the pad is placed.

Claims (41)

1. A device for delivery of a powder to the skin of a subject, comprising:
a pad, comprising an insulating material and having an upper side and a lower side, which lower side is placed against the skin after application of the powder thereto; and an electrical power source, which applies an electrical potential to the pad, causing the powder to adhere by electrostatic force to the lower side of the pad, and which alters the potential so that the powder is released from the pad and contacts the skin against which the pad is placed.
2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the pad comprises an electrically conductive coating on the upper side thereof, to which the power source applies the potential.
3. A device according to claim 2, wherein the conductive coating is segmented, such that the power source reverses the polarity of the potential substantially independently in two or more segments of the coating.
4. A device according to claim 1, and comprising an envelope in which the powder is contained before delivery of the powder to the skin, the envelope comprising an upper and a lower surface, wherein the upper surface comprises the pad, and the lower surface is separated from the pad before the lower side of the pad is placed against the skin.
5. A device according to claim 4, wherein the envelope comprises an electrically conductive region therein, which contacts the powder in the envelope and imparts electrical charge thereto.
6. A device according to claim 5, wherein the power source applies the electrical potential between the upper and lower surfaces of the envelope, and wherein the electrically conductive region comprises a conductive coating on the lower surface.
7. A device according to claim 6, and comprising a conductor coupled to the power source, which contacts the skin after the lower surface is separated from the pad so that the power source applies the electrical potential between the pad and the skin.
8. A device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the power source comprises a battery and a switching circuit coupled thereto.
9. A device according to claim 8, wherein the switching circuit comprises a voltage converter, which steps up a voltage supplied by the battery so that the electrical potential applied to the pad is substantially greater than the battery voltage.
10. A device according to claim 8, wherein the switching circuit comprises a polarity switch, which applies the electrical potential to the pad, causing the powder to adhere thereto, at a first polarity, and which reverses the polarity so as to cause the powder to be released.
11. A device according to claim 8, and comprising a sensor, which generates a signal responsive to an operational state of the device, wherein the switching circuit receives the signal from the sensor and controls operation of the device responsive thereto.
12. A device according to claim 11, wherein the sensor comprises at least one electrode, which senses an electrical resistance that varies responsive to the operational state.
13. A device according to claim 11, wherein the power source is fixed to the pad before operation thereof, and wherein the sensor generates the signal responsive to fixing of the power source to the pad.
14. A device according to claim 11, and comprising an envelope in which the powder is contained before delivery of the powder to the skin, and wherein the sensor generates the signal responsive to opening of the envelope in preparation for placing the pad against the skin.
15. A device according to claim 11, wherein the sensor generates the signal responsive to placement of the pad against the skin.
16. A device according to any of claims 1-7, and comprising means for ablating an outer layer of the skin through which the powder is delivered.
17. A device according to claim 16, wherein the means for ablating comprises an array of electrodes between which an electrical current is driven so as to create channels through the outer skin layer.
18. A device according to claim 17, wherein the electrodes in the array are mutually spaced by less than about 0.3 mm.
19. A device according to claim 17, wherein the electrical current is driven between the electrodes at a frequency greater than about 100 Hz.
20. A container for a fine powder, comprising:
an envelope for containing the powder and comprising an electrically conductive region therein communicating with the powder; and an electrical power source, coupled to apply an electrical potential to the conductive region, whereby electrical charge is applied to the powder in the envelope to the extent that the powder is least partially electrically conductive, and the powder is manipulated by varying the potential.
21. A container according to claim 20, wherein the power source comprises a polarity switch, which reverses a polarity of the potential so as to de-aggregate the powder.
22. A container according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the power source applies the potential between the conductive region and an opposing surface of the envelope, such that the powder adheres to the opposing surface.
23. A method for delivery of a powder to the skin of a subject, comprising:
bringing a quantity of the powder into proximity with a pad having upper and lower sides;
applying an electrical potential to the pad, so that the powder adheres to the lower side of the pad by electrostatic force;
placing the lower side of the pad with the powder against the skin; and altering the electrical potential, so that the powder is released from the pad and contacts the skin against which the pad is placed.
24. A method according to claim 23, wherein bringing the quantity of the powder into proximity with the pad comprises filling an envelope with the powder, the envelope comprising an upper and a lower surface, the upper surface comprising the pad, and wherein placing the lower side of the pad against the skin comprises separating the lower surface from the pad before the lower side of the pad is placed against the skin.
25. A method according to claim 24, wherein applying the electrical potential comprises applying a potential to an electrically conductive region in the envelope, which contacts the powder in the envelope and imparts electrical charge thereto.
26. A method according to claim 24, wherein applying the electrical potential comprises applying a potential between the upper and lower surfaces of the envelope.
27. A method according to claim 26, wherein applying the electrical potential comprises applying potential of a first polarity, and wherein altering the electrical potential comprises reversing the polarity.
28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the electrical potential of reversed polarity is applied between the pad and the skin.
29. A method according to any of claims 23-28, and comprising ablating an outer layer of the skin through which the powder is delivered.
30. A method according to claim 29, wherein ablating the outer layer comprises applying an electrical current through the skin so as to create channels through the outer skin layer.
31. A method according to claim 30, wherein applying the electrical current comprises applying an alternating current.
32. A method according to any of claims 23-28, wherein altering the potential comprises altering the potential in a graduated manner so that the powder is delivered over time in a sequence of sub-doses.
33. A method according to claim 32, wherein the pad comprises multiple regions, and wherein altering the potential comprises altering the potential at different times in two or more of the regions, so that the powder is delivered from the different regions of the pad at the different, respective times.
34. A method according to any of claims 23-28, and comprising sensing an operational state of the pad, and controlling the delivery of the powder responsive to the state.
35. A method according to claim 34, wherein sensing the operational state comprises detecting placement of the lower side of the pad against the skin, and wherein controlling the delivery comprises providing a control signal to alter the electrical potential after the placement is detected.
36. A method according to claim 34, wherein sensing the operational state comprises sensing an electrical resistance indicative of the state.
37. A method for manipulating a fine powder, comprising:
filling an envelope having an electrically conductive region therein with a quantity of the powder, such that the conductive region communicates with the powder; and applying an electrical potential to the conductive region, whereby electrical charge is applied to the powder in the envelope.
38. A method according to claim 37, wherein applying the potential comprises de-aggregating the powder.
39. A method according to claim 37, and comprising varying the electrical potential applied to the conductive region so as to manipulate the powder in the envelope.
40. A method according to claim 39, wherein varying the potential comprises reversing a polarity of the potential.
41. A method according to any of claims 37-40, wherein applying the potential comprises applying the potential between the conductive region and an opposing surface of the envelope, so that the powder adheres to the opposing surface.
CA2356175A 1998-12-24 1999-12-22 Transdermal delivery of fine powders Expired - Fee Related CA2356175C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/220,712 1998-12-24
US09/220,712 US5983135A (en) 1998-12-24 1998-12-24 Transdermal delivery of fine powders
PCT/IL1999/000696 WO2000038781A1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-12-22 Transdermal delivery of fine powders

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2356175A1 true CA2356175A1 (en) 2000-07-06
CA2356175C CA2356175C (en) 2011-10-11

Family

ID=22824639

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2356175A Expired - Fee Related CA2356175C (en) 1998-12-24 1999-12-22 Transdermal delivery of fine powders

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5983135A (en)
EP (1) EP1140280B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4382991B2 (en)
AU (1) AU760950B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2356175C (en)
IL (1) IL143857A0 (en)
WO (1) WO2000038781A1 (en)

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US6686207B2 (en) 2001-10-12 2004-02-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Manipulating micron scale items
EP1499255B1 (en) * 2002-04-19 2015-07-22 Syneron Medical Ltd. Handheld transdermal drug delivery and analyte extraction
IL152575A (en) * 2002-10-31 2008-12-29 Transpharma Medical Ltd Transdermal delivery system for water insoluble drugs
IL152573A (en) * 2002-10-31 2009-11-18 Transpharma Medical Ltd Transdermal delivery system for anti-emetic medication
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US7383084B2 (en) * 2002-10-31 2008-06-03 Transpharma Medical Ltd. Transdermal delivery system for dried particulate or lyophilized medications
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US20040267240A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-12-30 Yossi Gross Active drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract
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WO2006064502A2 (en) * 2004-12-14 2006-06-22 E-Pill Pharma, Ltd. Local delivery of drugs or substances using electronic permeability increase
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WO2009090632A2 (en) 2008-01-17 2009-07-23 Syneron Medical Ltd. A hair removal apparatus for personal use and the method of using same
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1140280A4 (en) 2008-12-31
EP1140280A1 (en) 2001-10-10
AU760950B2 (en) 2003-05-22
IL143857A0 (en) 2002-04-21
EP1140280B1 (en) 2016-11-16
WO2000038781A1 (en) 2000-07-06
JP4382991B2 (en) 2009-12-16
AU1794800A (en) 2000-07-31
US5983135A (en) 1999-11-09
CA2356175C (en) 2011-10-11
JP2002533177A (en) 2002-10-08

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Effective date: 20191223