CA2357059A1 - Signal processing apparatus - Google Patents

Signal processing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2357059A1
CA2357059A1 CA002357059A CA2357059A CA2357059A1 CA 2357059 A1 CA2357059 A1 CA 2357059A1 CA 002357059 A CA002357059 A CA 002357059A CA 2357059 A CA2357059 A CA 2357059A CA 2357059 A1 CA2357059 A1 CA 2357059A1
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Prior art keywords
physiological
physiological parameter
indications
indication
monitor
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CA002357059A
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French (fr)
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CA2357059C (en
Inventor
Mohamed Kheir Diab
Esmaiel Kiani-Azarbayjany
Ibrahim M. Elfadel
Rex John Mccarthy
Walter Michael Weber
Robert A. Smith
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Masimo Corp
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Masimo Corporation
Mohamed Kheir Diab
Esmaiel Kiani-Azarbayjany
Ibrahim M. Elfadel
Rex John Mccarthy
Walter Michael Weber
Robert A. Smith
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Application filed by Masimo Corporation, Mohamed Kheir Diab, Esmaiel Kiani-Azarbayjany, Ibrahim M. Elfadel, Rex John Mccarthy, Walter Michael Weber, Robert A. Smith filed Critical Masimo Corporation
Publication of CA2357059A1 publication Critical patent/CA2357059A1/en
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Publication of CA2357059C publication Critical patent/CA2357059C/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • H04B1/12—Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements
    • H04B1/123—Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements using adaptive balancing or compensation means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14546—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4821—Determining level or depth of anaesthesia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
    • A61B5/7207—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts
    • A61B5/7214—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts using signal cancellation, e.g. based on input of two identical physiological sensors spaced apart, or based on two signals derived from the same sensor, for different optical wavelengths
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
    • A61B5/7253—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/5269—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving detection or reduction of artifacts
    • A61B8/5276—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving detection or reduction of artifacts due to motion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/0215—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by means inserted into the body
    • A61B5/02154—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by means inserted into the body by optical transmission
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
    • A61B5/029—Measuring or recording blood output from the heart, e.g. minute volume
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/0816—Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
    • A61B5/7253—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms
    • A61B5/7257—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms using Fourier transforms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2218/00—Aspects of pattern recognition specially adapted for signal processing
    • G06F2218/02—Preprocessing
    • G06F2218/04—Denoising

Abstract

The present invention involves a method and apparatus for analyzing two measured signals acquired by a detector (20,320) that are modeled as containing primary and secondary portions. Coefficients relate the two signals according to a model defined in accordance with the present invention. In one embodiment, the present invention involves utilizing a transformation which evaluates a plurality of possible signal coefficients in order to find appropriate coefficients. Alternatively, the present invention involves using statistical functions or Fourier transform and windowing techniques to determine the coefficients relating to two measured signals. Use of this invention is described in particular detail with respect to blood oximetry measurements.

Claims (52)

1. A method of improving the determination of a physiological parameter based upon physiological signals, said method comprising the steps of:
sensing a physiological signal indicative of the physiological parameter, said physiological signal having a desired portion and an undesired portion, said physiological parameter having a predetermined range of possible values;
based upon said physiological signal, determining at least two possible indications of said physiological parameter based on at least two alternative calculations for said physiological parameter; and analyzing said at least two possible indications to determine a resulting indication that likely most closely correlates to the physiological parameter.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least two indications comprise at least one calculation based upon a scan of possible values potentially indicative of said physiological parameter, said step of analyzing comprises calculating an energy value of each of said at least two possible indications and selecting an indication based upon the energy value of said indication.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said selecting an indication comprises selecting an indication with the energy value that is a is a minimum.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said step of analyzing said at least two possible indications comprises the step of selecting at least one of the indications based on a determination of confidence for the indications.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said physiological parameter is blood oxygen saturation.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said physiological parameter is pulse rate.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the physiological parameter is respiration.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein said selecting an indication comprises selecting an indication with the energy value that is maximum.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein said physiological parameter is blood oxygen saturation and wherein one of said at least two alternative calculations are a calculation based upon said scan of possible values, and a calculation based on a conventional red over infrared ratio.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein said physiological parameter is blood oxygen saturation.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein said physiological parameter is pulse rate.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of adaptively filtering said physiological signals based upon said selection of said physiological parameter to determine a second physiological parameter.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said second physiological parameter comprises a plethysmographic waveform and wherein said physiological parameter comprises blood oxygen saturation.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein said physiological parameter comprises the heart rate and wherein said second physiological parameter comprises blood oxygen saturation.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein said step of filtering comprises adaptively filtering selected frequencies from said signals.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said step comprises filtering said signals with a multiple notch filter which attenuates frequencies identified as noise in said signals.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein said step of filtering comprises filtering said signals with a Kalman filter.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein said physiological parameter comprises blood oxygen saturation.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein said physiological parameter comprises heart rate.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein said physiological parameter comprises respiration rate.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein said physiological parameter is blood oxygen saturation and wherein said alternative determination is a calculation based on a conventional red over infrared ratio.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of analyzing comprises the step of selecting at least one of said possible indications as said resulting indication based on characteristics of the physiological signal indicative of the quality of the physiological signal.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein said selecting comprises averaging the resulting indication of said physiological parameter over time, said averaging dependent upon characteristics of the physiological signal indicative of the quality of the physiological signal.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein said step of averaging comprises averaging over a time window, wherein said window is increased with indications of said physiological parameter which have a lower confidence of accuracy and decreased with indications of said physiological parameter which have a higher confidence of accuracy.
25. A physiological monitor which receives physiological signals indicative of at least one physiological parameter, said physiological parameter having a predetermined range of possible values, comprising:
a physiological indication calculation module which responds to said physiological signals to determine a plurality of possible physiological indication values based upon alternative determination methods;
an analysis module responsive to said plurality of indication values to qualify said plurality of indication values to be considered as a possible resulting indications for said physiological parameter; and a selection module responsive to the result of said analysis module to identify at least one resulting indication as representative of said physiological parameter.
26. The physiological monitor of claim 25, wherein said physiological parameter is blood oxygen saturation.
27. The physiological monitor of claim 25, wherein said physiological parameter is heart rate.
28. The physiological monitor of claim 25, wherein said physiological parameter is respiration rate.
29. The physiological monitor of claim 25, wherein said selection module determines which possible resulting indications most closely correlate to the physiological parameter based on a determination of confidence in the accuracy of said plurality of indications.
30. The physiological monitor of claim 29, wherein said physiological parameter is blood oxygen saturation.
31. The physiological monitor of claim 29, wherein said physiological parameter is pulse rate.
32. The physiological monitor of claim 29, wherein the physiological parameter is respiration.
33. The physiological monitor of claim 25, further comprising an adaptive filter which filters said physiological signals based upon said determination of said physiological parameter to determine a second physiological parameter.
34. The physiological monitor of claim 33, wherein said filter adaptively filters selected frequencies from said signals.
35. The physiological monitor of claim 34, wherein said filter comprises a multiple notch filter.
36. The physiological monitor of claim 34, wherein said filter comprises a Kalman filter.
37. The physiological monitor of claim 34, wherein said physiological parameter comprises blood oxygen saturation.
38. The physiological monitor of claim 34, wherein said physiological parameter comprises heart rate.
39. The physiological monitor of claim 34, wherein said physiological parameter comprises respiration rate.
40. The physiological monitor of claim 25, wherein said second physiological parameter comprises a plethysmographic waveform and wherein said physiological parameter comprises blood oxygen saturation.
41. The physiological monitor of claim 25, wherein said physiological parameter comprises the heart rate and wherein said second physiological parameter comprises blood oxygen saturation.
42. The physiological monitor of claim 25, wherein said selection module selects at least one of said plurality of possible resulting indications based on characteristics of the physiological signal indicative of the quality of the physiological signal.
43. The physiological monitor of claim 42, wherein said selection module averages said physiological parameter over time, said averaging dependent upon characteristics of the physiological signal indicative of the quality of the physiological signal.
44. The physiological monitor of claim 43, wherein said averaging comprises an averaging over a time window, wherein said window is increased with indications of said physiological parameter which have a lower confidence level and decreased with indications of said physiological parameter which have a higher confidence level.
45. A method of improving the determination of a physiological parameter based upon physiological signals, said method comprising the steps of:
sensing a physiological signal indicative of the physiological parameter, said physiological parameter having a predetermined range of possible values;
in response to said physiological signal, determining a plurality of possible indications of said physiological parameter based on a scan of a plurality of possible values for said physiological parameter within said predetermined range of possible values for said physiological parameter; and analyzing said plurality of possible indications to determine a resulting indication that likely most closely correlates to the physiological parameter.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein said determining the resulting indication comprises calculating a power value for said possible indications and selecting as the resulting indication at least one of the possible indications with a power value that is a minimum.
47. The method of claim 45, wherein said determining the resulting indication comprises calculating a power value for said possible indications and selecting as the resulting indication at least one of the possible indications with a power that is a maximum.
48. The method of claim 45, wherein said physiological parameter is blood oxygen saturation.
49. The method of claim 48, wherein analyzing said plurality of possible indications comprises the step of selecting at least one of the possible indications based on a determination of confidence in the accuracy of the possible indication for at least some of said possible indications.
50. The method of claim 49, wherein selecting at least one of the possible indications comprises averaging the possible indications with said confidence in the accuracy in a range that indicates that the possible indication is likely valid.
51. The method of claim 50, wherein said step of averaging comprises averaging over a time window, wherein said window is increased for possible indications of said physiological parameter having a lower confidence of accuracy and decreased for possible indications of said physiological parameter having a higher confidence of accuracy.
52. The method of claim 45, wherein said physiological parameter is pulse rate.
CA2357059A 1991-03-07 1995-10-10 Signal processing apparatus Expired - Lifetime CA2357059C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US66606091A 1991-03-07 1991-03-07
US08/320,154 US5632272A (en) 1991-03-07 1994-10-07 Signal processing apparatus
US08/320,154 1994-10-07
CA002199016A CA2199016C (en) 1991-03-07 1995-10-10 Signal processing apparatus

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CA002199016A Division CA2199016C (en) 1991-03-07 1995-10-10 Signal processing apparatus

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CA2357059A1 true CA2357059A1 (en) 1996-05-02
CA2357059C CA2357059C (en) 2010-12-07

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CA002199016A Expired - Lifetime CA2199016C (en) 1991-03-07 1995-10-10 Signal processing apparatus
CA2357059A Expired - Lifetime CA2357059C (en) 1991-03-07 1995-10-10 Signal processing apparatus

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CA002199016A Expired - Lifetime CA2199016C (en) 1991-03-07 1995-10-10 Signal processing apparatus

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US (5) US5632272A (en)
EP (2) EP2341446A1 (en)
JP (2) JP3705814B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1101170C (en)
AU (1) AU699762B2 (en)
CA (2) CA2199016C (en)
WO (1) WO1996012435A2 (en)

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US6081735A (en) 2000-06-27
EP0784448A4 (en) 1998-01-07
US6236872B1 (en) 2001-05-22
JPH10507118A (en) 1998-07-14
CN1101170C (en) 2003-02-12
JP3705814B2 (en) 2005-10-12
JP2005185834A (en) 2005-07-14
EP2341446A1 (en) 2011-07-06
US5632272A (en) 1997-05-27

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