CA2358689A1 - Composite packet-switching over wdm by transparent photonic slot routing - Google Patents
Composite packet-switching over wdm by transparent photonic slot routing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2358689A1 CA2358689A1 CA002358689A CA2358689A CA2358689A1 CA 2358689 A1 CA2358689 A1 CA 2358689A1 CA 002358689 A CA002358689 A CA 002358689A CA 2358689 A CA2358689 A CA 2358689A CA 2358689 A1 CA2358689 A1 CA 2358689A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- packet
- composite packet
- optical ring
- time slot
- node
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
- H04J14/0283—WDM ring architectures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
- H04J14/0206—Express channels arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
- H04J14/021—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
- H04J14/021—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM]
- H04J14/0212—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM] using optical switches or wavelength selective switches [WSS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
- H04J14/0213—Groups of channels or wave bands arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
- H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
- H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
- H04J14/0242—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON
- H04J14/0245—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON for downstream transmission, e.g. optical line terminal [OLT] to ONU
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
- H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
- H04J14/0242—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON
- H04J14/0249—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON for upstream transmission, e.g. ONU-to-OLT or ONU-to-ONU
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
- H04J14/0286—WDM hierarchical architectures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q11/0066—Provisions for optical burst or packet networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
- H04Q11/0478—Provisions for broadband connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
- H04J14/0209—Multi-stage arrangements, e.g. by cascading multiplexers or demultiplexers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/08—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/083—Add and drop multiplexing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5629—Admission control
- H04L2012/5631—Resource management and allocation
- H04L2012/5632—Bandwidth allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5638—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
- H04L2012/5646—Cell characteristics, e.g. loss, delay, jitter, sequence integrity
- H04L2012/5649—Cell delay or jitter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5678—Traffic aspects, e.g. arbitration, load balancing, smoothing, buffer management
- H04L2012/5679—Arbitration or scheduling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/002—Construction using optical delay lines or optical buffers or optical recirculation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0022—Construction using fibre gratings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0024—Construction using space switching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0033—Construction using time division switching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0035—Construction using miscellaneous components, e.g. circulator, polarisation, acousto/thermo optical
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0052—Interconnection of switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0064—Arbitration, scheduling or medium access control aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0075—Wavelength grouping or hierarchical aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0086—Network resource allocation, dimensioning or optimisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/009—Topology aspects
- H04Q2011/0092—Ring
Abstract
A method for providing high connectivity communications over a packet-switched optical ring network having a plurality of nodes connected thereto comprises the steps of creating, at one of the plurality of nodes, a composite packet, dropping a composite packet in a photonic time slot being for routing over the packet-switched optical ring network and destined for one of a plurality of nodes of the packet-switched optical ring network, adding to the photonic time slot the composite packet created by one of the plurality of nodes into the packet-switched optical ring network and routing the photonic time slot comprising the composite packet to a destination node. A system for providing high connectivity communications over a packet-switched optical ring network comprises a core optical ring having at least one node, the node being coupled to a subtending system by an optical crossbar switch, a device for forming a first composite packet formed by a set of packets generated in parallel by an array of lasers, the device coupled to the optical crossbar switch, the first composite packet being parallel packets in a single photonic time slot, the first composite packet to be added to the core optical ring in a vacant photonic time slot via the optical crossbar switch, a second composite packet propagating on the core optical ring destined to be dropped at the node for further distribution on the subtending system via the optical crossbar switch, an unstacker for serializing the second composite packet dropped at the node, the unstacker coupled to the optical crossbar switch and a detector for distributing the serialized packets to a further destination by the subtending system.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US23976600P | 2000-10-12 | 2000-10-12 | |
US60/239,766 | 2000-10-12 | ||
US24046400P | 2000-10-13 | 2000-10-13 | |
US60/240,464 | 2000-10-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2358689A1 true CA2358689A1 (en) | 2002-04-12 |
CA2358689C CA2358689C (en) | 2007-12-11 |
Family
ID=26932850
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002358689A Expired - Fee Related CA2358689C (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2001-10-12 | Composite packet-switching over wdm by transparent photonic slot routing |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US6925259B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1198154A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4065120B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2358689C (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7085494B2 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2006-08-01 | At & T Corp. | High-capacity packet-switched ring network |
US7899066B2 (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2011-03-01 | Alcatel Lucent | Distributed intelligence MAC protocols for DWDM ring networks |
CA2339902A1 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-07 | Cedric Don-Carolis | Photonic communication system with sub-"line rate" bandwidth granularity |
US20040247239A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-12-09 | Louay Eldada | Hitless errorless trimmable dynamic optical add/drop multiplexer devices |
CA2410143C (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2010-02-02 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Optical dynamic burst switch |
US7260655B1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2007-08-21 | Cheetah Omni, Llc | Optical routing using star switching fabric with reduced effective switching time |
US7414985B1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2008-08-19 | Ciena Corporation | Link aggregation |
US7009991B2 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2006-03-07 | Matisse Networks | Reservation-based media access controller and reservation-based optical network |
US7941514B2 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2011-05-10 | Level 3 Communications, Llc | Order entry system for telecommunications network service |
US20040037558A1 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-02-26 | Nortel Networks Limited | Modular high-capacity switch |
US7206509B2 (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2007-04-17 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for temporally shifting one or more packets using wavelength selective delays |
JPWO2006006215A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2008-04-24 | 富士通株式会社 | OPTICAL CIRCUIT AND LINEAR DESPECT NODE DEVICE USING SAME, LINEAR WDM NETWORK, AND TREE WDM NETWORK |
KR100608946B1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-08-03 | 광주과학기술원 | Wdm-pon by using self-injection locked fabry-perot laser diode, remote node, and control method therefor |
US7324922B2 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2008-01-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Run-time performance verification system |
US8725683B2 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2014-05-13 | Microsoft Corporation | RSS feed generation using objects |
US20090092394A1 (en) * | 2007-10-08 | 2009-04-09 | Nec Laboratories America, Inc. | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Based Virtual Passive Optical Network (VPON) |
US8064766B2 (en) * | 2007-10-08 | 2011-11-22 | Nec Laboratories America, Inc. | Orthogonal frequency division multiple access based optical ring network |
TWI381684B (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2013-01-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Apparatus and method for medium access control in an optical packet-switched network, and the network thereof |
EP2265035B1 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2013-12-25 | Alcatel Lucent | Method and equipment for buffering optical packets |
JP5617510B2 (en) | 2010-10-07 | 2014-11-05 | 富士通株式会社 | Optical node and optical communication method |
RU2449485C1 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-04-27 | Оксана Владимировна Ермоленко | Three-port node of network interface |
JP5650584B2 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2015-01-07 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical circuit, optical amplifier, tunable dispersion compensator, and variable optical delay device using the optical circuit |
US9641275B2 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2017-05-02 | Tyco Electronics Subsea Communications Llc | Symmetric optical multiplexing node |
JP5838827B2 (en) * | 2012-01-23 | 2016-01-06 | 富士通株式会社 | Optical transmission apparatus and optical transmission method |
RU2540801C2 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2015-02-10 | Павел Николаевич Бородай | Method of constructing optical packet switched fibre-optic network and network implementing said method |
US9860614B2 (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2018-01-02 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | System and method for hybrid photonic electronic switching |
CN105897346B (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2018-12-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Device for being handled optical signal |
GB201719996D0 (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2018-01-17 | Purelifi Ltd | Tuneable filter grating for OWC |
CN110768245B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-05-18 | 国网经济技术研究院有限公司 | Medium voltage distribution network grid structure based on multiport power electronic device |
Family Cites Families (24)
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US5500857A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1996-03-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Inter-nodal communication method and system using multiplexing |
JP3516972B2 (en) * | 1993-04-22 | 2004-04-05 | 株式会社東芝 | Communications system |
EP0639037B1 (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 2002-10-02 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Photonic frequency division multiplexed FIFO buffer |
GB2282018B (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 1998-03-18 | Northern Telecom Ltd | Optical communications network |
JP2970685B2 (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1999-11-02 | インターナシヨナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーシヨン | Access control system for multi-channel transmission ring |
US5864414A (en) * | 1994-01-26 | 1999-01-26 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | WDM network with control wavelength |
GB9401488D0 (en) * | 1994-01-26 | 1994-03-23 | British Telecomm | Optical communications |
AU701959B2 (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1999-02-11 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Optical telecommunications network |
CN1152983A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1997-06-25 | 英国电讯公司 | Processing for optical data packet |
FR2725528B1 (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1996-11-22 | Alcatel Nv | WAVELENGTH-SELECTIVE OPTICAL DELAY LINE |
FR2736777B1 (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1997-08-08 | Alcatel Nv | OPTICAL TRANSMISSION NETWORK WITH WAVELENGTH MULTIPLEXING |
US5748349A (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 1998-05-05 | Ciena Corp. | Gratings-based optical add-drop multiplexers for WDM optical communication system |
US5808767A (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1998-09-15 | Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc | Fiber optic network with wavelength-division-multiplexed transmission to customer premises |
GB9704587D0 (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 1997-04-23 | Fujitsu Ltd | Wavelength-division multiplexing in passive optical networks |
US6631018B1 (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 2003-10-07 | Nortel Networks Limited | WDM optical network with passive pass-through at each node |
US6108362A (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 2000-08-22 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Broadband tunable semiconductor laser source |
US6538777B1 (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 2003-03-25 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method for establishing connections by allocating links and channels |
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US6256431B1 (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2001-07-03 | Eci Telecom Ltd. | WDM multiplexer |
US6466343B1 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2002-10-15 | 3Com Corporation | System for assigning wavelengths in a wave division multiplexing based optical switch |
US6748175B1 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2004-06-08 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical ring network having enhanced security and reduced loss |
US6674754B1 (en) * | 1999-11-09 | 2004-01-06 | Synchrodyne Networks, Inc. | Wavelength division multiplexing combined with time division multiplexing using a common time reference |
US6694100B1 (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2004-02-17 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Space wavelength time-division multiple access optical transmission system |
-
2001
- 2001-08-27 US US09/940,020 patent/US6925259B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-10 JP JP2001313337A patent/JP4065120B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-11 US US09/973,697 patent/US20020071153A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-11 US US09/973,699 patent/US7092631B2/en active Active
- 2001-10-11 US US09/973,693 patent/US20020064165A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-12 CA CA002358689A patent/CA2358689C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-12 EP EP01308696A patent/EP1198154A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-29 US US09/995,692 patent/US7046931B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-09-30 US US11/240,613 patent/US7190899B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7046931B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
US20020057474A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
JP2002185482A (en) | 2002-06-28 |
JP4065120B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
US6925259B2 (en) | 2005-08-02 |
CA2358689C (en) | 2007-12-11 |
US7190899B2 (en) | 2007-03-13 |
EP1198154A3 (en) | 2004-07-21 |
US20020089717A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
US20060029392A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
EP1198154A2 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
US20020064165A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
US20020105963A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
US7092631B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
US20020071153A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
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