CA2363027A1 - Phosphorus-containing fire retardant thermoplastic polyester composition - Google Patents
Phosphorus-containing fire retardant thermoplastic polyester composition Download PDFInfo
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- CA2363027A1 CA2363027A1 CA002363027A CA2363027A CA2363027A1 CA 2363027 A1 CA2363027 A1 CA 2363027A1 CA 002363027 A CA002363027 A CA 002363027A CA 2363027 A CA2363027 A CA 2363027A CA 2363027 A1 CA2363027 A1 CA 2363027A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fire retardant
- composition
- polymer
- phosphorus
- phosphorus containing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
- C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
Abstract
A fire retardant thermoplastic polyester comprising a phosphorus containing additive and a high charring polymer containing benzene rings in its main polymer backbone and that has a softening point of no less than about 120 ~C exhibits improved fire resistance and no plate out of fire retardant additiv e during aging.
Description
PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING FIRE RETARDANT
THERMOPLASTIC POLYESTER COMPOSITION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to fire retardant thermoplastic polyesters, more particularly to polyethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate), which are fire retarded by organic phosphates or phosphonates in combination with a high charring polymer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fire retardant performance of polyesters can be achieved by the incorporation of various types of additives.
Typically, halogenated compounds, more specifically aromatic polybrominated compounds, have been used as fire retardant additives in such polymers. It is generally accepted that these products inhibit radical gas phase reactions occurring in the flame when these products are ignited. This makes halogenated fire retardants very commonly used additives for different types of polymeric materials including polyesters.
However, during the last ten years or so, halogenated flame retardants have come under scrutiny because of ecological concern, especially in Europe. At this time, the fire retardant industry is under pressure to switch to fire retardant additives that are perceived to be more environmentally friendly.
Phosphorus containing products are logical substitutes for such halogenated flame retardants. In some applications, phosphorus containing additives show as high an activity as the halogenated ones, but phosphorus containing additives are less commonly employed. They provide fire retardant activity through a combination of condensed phase reactions, polymer carbonization promotion, and char formation. These processes obviously depend on the polymer in which such additives) reside. Therefore, specific phosphorus containing structures need to be designed for various polymers types.
There is significant description a.n the prior art relating to methods of incorporating phosphorus containing additives into thermoplastic polyesters. Examples that are relevant to the present invention, but which are non-suggestive of it, are described in: U.S. Patents Nos.
4,070,336; 4,073,767; 4,203,888;
4,257,931; 4,268,459; 4,278,591; 4,388,431; and 4,910,240;
in European Patent Publication No. 791,634, and in PCT
International Patent Publication No. WO 97/31 980. However, such phosphorus containing additives have limited solubility in polyesters and therefore they tend to migrate to the polymer surface. This migration phenomenon affects adversely the surface appearance and the combustion performance of the polymer product. Numerous attempts to solve this problem by copolymerization of phosphorus containing units into the polyesters chains (see, for example, E.D. Weil, Phosphorus-Containing Polymers, in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering", Vol. 11, John Wiley, New York, 1990, pp. 96-126) were not commercially successful because of their high cost and a decrease in the physical properties of the resulting polymer.
THERMOPLASTIC POLYESTER COMPOSITION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to fire retardant thermoplastic polyesters, more particularly to polyethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate), which are fire retarded by organic phosphates or phosphonates in combination with a high charring polymer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fire retardant performance of polyesters can be achieved by the incorporation of various types of additives.
Typically, halogenated compounds, more specifically aromatic polybrominated compounds, have been used as fire retardant additives in such polymers. It is generally accepted that these products inhibit radical gas phase reactions occurring in the flame when these products are ignited. This makes halogenated fire retardants very commonly used additives for different types of polymeric materials including polyesters.
However, during the last ten years or so, halogenated flame retardants have come under scrutiny because of ecological concern, especially in Europe. At this time, the fire retardant industry is under pressure to switch to fire retardant additives that are perceived to be more environmentally friendly.
Phosphorus containing products are logical substitutes for such halogenated flame retardants. In some applications, phosphorus containing additives show as high an activity as the halogenated ones, but phosphorus containing additives are less commonly employed. They provide fire retardant activity through a combination of condensed phase reactions, polymer carbonization promotion, and char formation. These processes obviously depend on the polymer in which such additives) reside. Therefore, specific phosphorus containing structures need to be designed for various polymers types.
There is significant description a.n the prior art relating to methods of incorporating phosphorus containing additives into thermoplastic polyesters. Examples that are relevant to the present invention, but which are non-suggestive of it, are described in: U.S. Patents Nos.
4,070,336; 4,073,767; 4,203,888;
4,257,931; 4,268,459; 4,278,591; 4,388,431; and 4,910,240;
in European Patent Publication No. 791,634, and in PCT
International Patent Publication No. WO 97/31 980. However, such phosphorus containing additives have limited solubility in polyesters and therefore they tend to migrate to the polymer surface. This migration phenomenon affects adversely the surface appearance and the combustion performance of the polymer product. Numerous attempts to solve this problem by copolymerization of phosphorus containing units into the polyesters chains (see, for example, E.D. Weil, Phosphorus-Containing Polymers, in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering", Vol. 11, John Wiley, New York, 1990, pp. 96-126) were not commercially successful because of their high cost and a decrease in the physical properties of the resulting polymer.
Another approach reported in the prior art deals with the preparation of polymeric additives (see, for example, U.S. Patents Nos. 4,073,829 and 4,970,249) or the grafting of phosphorus containing groups onto a commercially available polymer different from the polyester, e.g., a phenyl-formaldehyde resin (U. S. Patents Nos. 3,697,459, 4,010,144, or 4,105,825; or German Patent Publication No.
4,005,376; or Japanese Patent Publication No.60/137, 46; or as described in R. Antony et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49 (1993) 2129-2135; R. Antony et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 54 (1994) 429-438; H. Mandai et al., J. Polym. Sci., Polym.
Chem., 36 (1998) 1911-1918).
More recently, Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-195283 described flame retardant polyester compositions that.
contained a particular phosphoric ester flame retardant, a novolak phenolic resin, and a metal oxide additive. In the Comparative Examples that were provided in this patent document, especially Exampl-~s 1-2, 5-6 and 8, it was demonstrated that polyester resin compositions containing only the phosphoric ester flame retardant and the phenolic resin did not achieve a VO rating. The phenolic resin used in these Examples has a softening point of only about 110°C.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a polyester composition that shows high fire resistance because of the incorporation therein of a phosphorus containing fire retardant additive and a high charring polymer that has a softening point of no less than about 120°C. The phosphorus containing fire retardant additive does not migrate to the surface of the polymer to any appreciable degree. The high charring polymer makes it possible to dissolve the phosphorus containing additives and also provides synergistic fire retardant effect with the phosphorus containing additive.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The term "thermoplastic polyester", as used herein, is intended to include any polymeric thermoplastic material composed (apart from carbons) of only ester -O-C(O)- groups in the main chain. More particularly, this invention is related, in its preferred embodiment, to the two most commonly used thermoplastic polyesters: poly(butylene terephthalate) and polyethylene terephthalate).
The phosphorus containing additives which are used to fire-retard thermoplastic polyesters are either diphosphates or oligomeric phosphates of the general formula:
4,005,376; or Japanese Patent Publication No.60/137, 46; or as described in R. Antony et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49 (1993) 2129-2135; R. Antony et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 54 (1994) 429-438; H. Mandai et al., J. Polym. Sci., Polym.
Chem., 36 (1998) 1911-1918).
More recently, Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-195283 described flame retardant polyester compositions that.
contained a particular phosphoric ester flame retardant, a novolak phenolic resin, and a metal oxide additive. In the Comparative Examples that were provided in this patent document, especially Exampl-~s 1-2, 5-6 and 8, it was demonstrated that polyester resin compositions containing only the phosphoric ester flame retardant and the phenolic resin did not achieve a VO rating. The phenolic resin used in these Examples has a softening point of only about 110°C.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a polyester composition that shows high fire resistance because of the incorporation therein of a phosphorus containing fire retardant additive and a high charring polymer that has a softening point of no less than about 120°C. The phosphorus containing fire retardant additive does not migrate to the surface of the polymer to any appreciable degree. The high charring polymer makes it possible to dissolve the phosphorus containing additives and also provides synergistic fire retardant effect with the phosphorus containing additive.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The term "thermoplastic polyester", as used herein, is intended to include any polymeric thermoplastic material composed (apart from carbons) of only ester -O-C(O)- groups in the main chain. More particularly, this invention is related, in its preferred embodiment, to the two most commonly used thermoplastic polyesters: poly(butylene terephthalate) and polyethylene terephthalate).
The phosphorus containing additives which are used to fire-retard thermoplastic polyesters are either diphosphates or oligomeric phosphates of the general formula:
Ar0-P [-O-R-O-P-OAr] a OAr OAr where R is a linear, branched or cyclic Cz to C15 alkylene group, phenylene, or bisphenylene with an alkylene, ether or sulfone bridge, Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group, and where n can range from about 1 to about 10. This type of product is described in: U.S. Patent Nos. 4,203,888, 4,212,832, 5,457,221, and 5,750,756, PCT International patent Publication No. WO 97/31 980 and European Patent Publication No. 791,634.
Another type of phosphorus containing additives applicable for use a.n the present invention are diphosphonates of the general formula:
Ar0-P-O-R1-O-P-OAr OAr OAr where R1 is linear, branched or cyclic C2 to C15 alkylene or dialkylene ether and Ar is defined as above. This type of products is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,910,240.
The term "high charring polymer" is intended to include those polymers that contain benzene rings in the main polymer backbone, that tend to produce a significant amount of char upon thermal decomposition, and that have a softening point of no less than about 120°C. Typical commercial examples of such polymers are phenol-formaldehyde resins (including different types of substituted phenols and diphenols), polycarbonates, polyphenylenethers, polyimides, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, polyetheretherketones ets. Thermoplastic polyesters (such as PBT, PET), although containing benzene ring in the main chain, do not belong to the high charring class of polymers because they tend to depolymerize and volatilize instead of charring upon heating.
The phosphorus containing fire retardant should be present at a level of at least 5% by weight of the substrate polymer and the phenol-formaldehyde resin should be present at a level of at least 5o by weight. Preferred levels for both are from about 5% to about 20%, and from about 5% to about 30%, respectively. The composition can contain one or more other functional additives that are normally employed, including: anti-drip agents; dispersants; toughening agents;
and processing aid additives. Charring catalysts, including the type of metal oxide described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-195283, may be further added to the present compositions although the instant compositions perform in an acceptable manner in the substantial absence of such a metal oxide charring catalyst.
The present invention is further illustrated by the Examples that follow.
Another type of phosphorus containing additives applicable for use a.n the present invention are diphosphonates of the general formula:
Ar0-P-O-R1-O-P-OAr OAr OAr where R1 is linear, branched or cyclic C2 to C15 alkylene or dialkylene ether and Ar is defined as above. This type of products is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,910,240.
The term "high charring polymer" is intended to include those polymers that contain benzene rings in the main polymer backbone, that tend to produce a significant amount of char upon thermal decomposition, and that have a softening point of no less than about 120°C. Typical commercial examples of such polymers are phenol-formaldehyde resins (including different types of substituted phenols and diphenols), polycarbonates, polyphenylenethers, polyimides, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, polyetheretherketones ets. Thermoplastic polyesters (such as PBT, PET), although containing benzene ring in the main chain, do not belong to the high charring class of polymers because they tend to depolymerize and volatilize instead of charring upon heating.
The phosphorus containing fire retardant should be present at a level of at least 5% by weight of the substrate polymer and the phenol-formaldehyde resin should be present at a level of at least 5o by weight. Preferred levels for both are from about 5% to about 20%, and from about 5% to about 30%, respectively. The composition can contain one or more other functional additives that are normally employed, including: anti-drip agents; dispersants; toughening agents;
and processing aid additives. Charring catalysts, including the type of metal oxide described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-195283, may be further added to the present compositions although the instant compositions perform in an acceptable manner in the substantial absence of such a metal oxide charring catalyst.
The present invention is further illustrated by the Examples that follow.
EXAMPLES
Procedure for making' samples: In general, fire retardant polyester formulations were prepared by extrusion of the resin using a twin-screw extruder. Solid fire retardant additives were blended with the basic resin before extrusion and then fed together into the extruder. Liquid additives were pumped into the second heated zone of the extruder. The extruded resin formulation was quenched in water and pelletized. Standard bars for combustion test were prepared by injection molding of thoroughly dried formulation.
Origin of the materials used: Poly(butylene terephthalate) resin (PBT) was Valox 325 brand, Bisphenol A
polycarbonate (PC) was Lexan 101 brand and poly-2,6-dimethyphenylene ether (PPO) was BHPP 820 brand all from General Electric. Phenol-formaldehyde resin was HRJ 12700 brand (melt or softening point: 125°-135° C) from Schenectady International. Polytetrafluoroethelene (PTFE) was Teflon 6C
brand from DuPont. Resorsinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) was Fyrolflex RDP brand and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) was Fyrolflex BDP brand, both from Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc.
Melamine cyanurate was Fyrol MC brand and melamine phosphate was Fyrol MP brand, both also from Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc.
Resorsinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) with a high content of oligomeric molecules ("OligoRDP") was prepared according to the procedure described in U.S. Patent No. 5,457,221.
Ethylene bis(diphenyl phosphonate) (EDPh) and butylene bis(dipheny phosphonate) (BDPh) were prepared according to the procedure described in U.S. Patent No. 4,910,240.
~'~~-~mation of date out performance: The surface of the specimens was examined after injection molding. If some liquid was detected on the surface, it was assigned a "juicing" rating. If some powder was detected on the surface it was assigned to a "blooming" rating. If no liquid or powder was found, the specimens were aged in an oven at 70°C and the surface was examined after 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 24 hours and then after each day till one month had elapsed.
Combustion test: The fire retardant performance of the polyester plastics was determined according to UL-94 protocol (vertical setup), which is described by J.
Troitzsch, International Plastics Flammability Handbook, 2na edition, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1990.
Examples: The following Table shows the results of plate out observations and combustion tests. Both types of phosphorus containing additives (phosphates and phosphonates) tend to plate out from the PBT based formulations. Melamine cyanurate (FYROLFLEX MC brand), polycarbonate (PC) and polyphenylene ether (PPO) help to prevent juicing after injection molding, however the samples start to juice after a short time at 70°C. These co-additives and also melamine phosphate (FYROL MP brand) show little effect, if any in improving fire retardancy. Co-addition of novolac helps improve fire retardancy and decrease or completely prevent juicing or blooming (see Example Nos. 3, 7, 9, 12, 17) a i o r~ >
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Procedure for making' samples: In general, fire retardant polyester formulations were prepared by extrusion of the resin using a twin-screw extruder. Solid fire retardant additives were blended with the basic resin before extrusion and then fed together into the extruder. Liquid additives were pumped into the second heated zone of the extruder. The extruded resin formulation was quenched in water and pelletized. Standard bars for combustion test were prepared by injection molding of thoroughly dried formulation.
Origin of the materials used: Poly(butylene terephthalate) resin (PBT) was Valox 325 brand, Bisphenol A
polycarbonate (PC) was Lexan 101 brand and poly-2,6-dimethyphenylene ether (PPO) was BHPP 820 brand all from General Electric. Phenol-formaldehyde resin was HRJ 12700 brand (melt or softening point: 125°-135° C) from Schenectady International. Polytetrafluoroethelene (PTFE) was Teflon 6C
brand from DuPont. Resorsinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) was Fyrolflex RDP brand and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) was Fyrolflex BDP brand, both from Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc.
Melamine cyanurate was Fyrol MC brand and melamine phosphate was Fyrol MP brand, both also from Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc.
Resorsinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) with a high content of oligomeric molecules ("OligoRDP") was prepared according to the procedure described in U.S. Patent No. 5,457,221.
Ethylene bis(diphenyl phosphonate) (EDPh) and butylene bis(dipheny phosphonate) (BDPh) were prepared according to the procedure described in U.S. Patent No. 4,910,240.
~'~~-~mation of date out performance: The surface of the specimens was examined after injection molding. If some liquid was detected on the surface, it was assigned a "juicing" rating. If some powder was detected on the surface it was assigned to a "blooming" rating. If no liquid or powder was found, the specimens were aged in an oven at 70°C and the surface was examined after 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 24 hours and then after each day till one month had elapsed.
Combustion test: The fire retardant performance of the polyester plastics was determined according to UL-94 protocol (vertical setup), which is described by J.
Troitzsch, International Plastics Flammability Handbook, 2na edition, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1990.
Examples: The following Table shows the results of plate out observations and combustion tests. Both types of phosphorus containing additives (phosphates and phosphonates) tend to plate out from the PBT based formulations. Melamine cyanurate (FYROLFLEX MC brand), polycarbonate (PC) and polyphenylene ether (PPO) help to prevent juicing after injection molding, however the samples start to juice after a short time at 70°C. These co-additives and also melamine phosphate (FYROL MP brand) show little effect, if any in improving fire retardancy. Co-addition of novolac helps improve fire retardancy and decrease or completely prevent juicing or blooming (see Example Nos. 3, 7, 9, 12, 17) a i o r~ >
> n o z M
r P ~ r O 11. Z
tn '~t O N
O IL Z
M
r Iw ~ r r O N
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.
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- w = =- '= -Q N ~ w 01 p t t p ~ p :a ~ 0 0 0 0 ~ a a > O E - io..~d 5 u ~
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' D V .iiOwmZaaa U ~a E Q
a ~iiiu a
Claims (9)
1. A fire retardant polyester formulation containing an effective amount of phosphorus containing fire retardant and a high charring polymer containing benzene rings in its main polymer backbone and that has a softening point of no less than about 120ÀC. for fire retardancy and non-migration of the fire retardant to the surface of the polymer.
2. The composition of Claim 1 where the polyester is poly(butylene terephthalate).
3. The composition of Claim 1 where the fire retardant is an organic phosphate.
4. The composition of Claim 1 where the fire retardant is an organic phosphonate.
5. The composition of Claim 1 where the high charring polymer is a phenol-formaldehyde resin.
6. The composition of Claim 2 where the phosphate is an aromatic oligomeric phosphate.
7. The composition of Claim 3 where the phosphonate is a bisphosphonate.
8. The composition of Claim 1 where the phosphorus containing fire retardant is present at a level of at least 5% wt. and phenol-formaldehyde resin at a level of at least 5%.
9. The composition of Claim 1 where the polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US25321499A | 1999-02-19 | 1999-02-19 | |
| US09/253,214 | 1999-02-19 | ||
| PCT/US2000/004159 WO2000049077A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-02-18 | Phosphorus-containing fire retardant thermoplastic polyester composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2363027A1 true CA2363027A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
Family
ID=22959349
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002363027A Abandoned CA2363027A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-02-18 | Phosphorus-containing fire retardant thermoplastic polyester composition |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6569928B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1208144B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4602559B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE310770T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2363027A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60024278T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2257284T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000049077A1 (en) |
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| DE10160138A1 (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2003-06-12 | Bayer Ag | Thermoplastic molding materials useful for making shaped products, fibers and films comprise polyester, melamine cyanurate, phosphorus-containing flame retardant and fatty acid ester or amide |
| US8617715B2 (en) * | 2003-12-06 | 2013-12-31 | Cpfilms Inc. | Fire retardant shades |
| US8188172B2 (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2012-05-29 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Polyester compositions, method of manufacture, and uses thereof |
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| US8680167B2 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2014-03-25 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Molding compositions containing fillers and modified polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) random copolymers derived from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) |
| KR100773734B1 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2007-11-09 | 제일모직주식회사 | Flame retardant thermoplastic polyester resin composition |
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| US7829614B2 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-11-09 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Reinforced polyester compositions, methods of manufacture, and articles thereof |
| US8138244B2 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2012-03-20 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Reinforced polyester compositions, method of manufacture, and articles thereof |
| CN102906192B (en) | 2010-05-21 | 2015-08-26 | 提克纳有限责任公司 | High temperature polymer alloy containing stablizer |
| US8716378B2 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2014-05-06 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Flame resistant polyester compositions, method of manufacture, and articles thereof |
| US8686072B2 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2014-04-01 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Flame resistant polyester compositions, method of manufacture, and articles therof |
| US8999509B2 (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2015-04-07 | Cpfilms Inc. | Weather resistant exterior film composite |
| USD691289S1 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2013-10-08 | 3Form, Inc. | Panel with cut and aligned thatch interlayer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3697459A (en) * | 1970-03-20 | 1972-10-10 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Aromatic polymers containing an element of the phosphorus family |
| US3987008A (en) * | 1971-12-17 | 1976-10-19 | Celanese Corporation | Flame retardant polyester |
| US4203888A (en) * | 1974-03-05 | 1980-05-20 | Ici Americas Inc. | Polyester films |
| US4010144A (en) * | 1974-03-13 | 1977-03-01 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Flame retardant phosphate ester derivatives of ortho novolaks |
| CA1065086A (en) * | 1975-02-05 | 1979-10-23 | Darrell R. Heath | Flame-resistant polyolefin, method of producing same, and insulated product thereof |
| US4073829A (en) * | 1976-06-14 | 1978-02-14 | Monsanto Company | Phosphorus flame retardant compositions |
| US4268459A (en) * | 1976-06-29 | 1981-05-19 | American Cyanamid Company | Cyclic diphosphonates |
| US4070336A (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1978-01-24 | Monsanto Company | Hydrogen phosphonates and polymer compositions containing them as flame retardants |
| US4073767A (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1978-02-14 | Monsanto Company | Hydrogen phosphonates and polymers containing them as flame retardants |
| DE2739843A1 (en) * | 1977-09-03 | 1979-03-15 | Bayer Ag | PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGHER MOLECULAR PHOSPHORIC ACID OR. PHOSPHONIC ACID AYLESTERS |
| CH646709A5 (en) * | 1979-02-14 | 1984-12-14 | Sandoz Ag | FLAME RETARDED POLYMERS ORGANIC MATERIALS. |
| US4278591A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-07-14 | American Cyanamid Company | Flame retardant poly(butylene terephthalate) composition |
| US4257931A (en) * | 1980-01-29 | 1981-03-24 | American Cyanamid Company | Flame retardant poly(butylene terephthalate) compositions comprising melamine pyrophosphate and a phosphonate |
| JPS60137646A (en) * | 1983-12-26 | 1985-07-22 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | Manufacture of flame-retardant phenol resin laminated board |
| US4910240A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1990-03-20 | Akzo America Inc. | Thermally stable diphosphonate-type flame retardant additive for plastics |
| DE3800672A1 (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1989-07-27 | Bayer Ag | FLAME-RETARDED POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE MOLDINGS |
| DE3833694A1 (en) * | 1988-10-04 | 1990-04-05 | Bayer Ag | FLAME-RETARDED, WELL CRYSTALLIZING POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE MOLDINGS |
| DE4005376A1 (en) * | 1990-02-21 | 1991-08-22 | Bayer Ag | Flame retardant polyacrylonitrile copolymer mixts. - useful as solns. in highly polar solvents and in spinning of threads and fibres |
| EP0491986A1 (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1992-07-01 | General Electric Company | Flame retardant polymer compositions containing polybutylene terephthalate and oligomeric phosphoric or phosphonic acid esters |
| US5457221A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1995-10-10 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for the manufacture of poly (hydrocarbylene aryl phosphate) compositions |
| JPH0753879A (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1995-02-28 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Flame retardant resin composition |
| JP3192292B2 (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 2001-07-23 | 旭化成株式会社 | Flame-retardant heat-resistant resin composition with excellent drip resistance and fluidity |
| JPH0892472A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-04-09 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | Resin composition |
| US5750756A (en) * | 1994-11-01 | 1998-05-12 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Process for the formation of hydrocarbyl bis(hydrocarbyl phosphate) |
| JPH08208884A (en) * | 1995-01-30 | 1996-08-13 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Flame-retardant resin composition |
| DE69716792T2 (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 2003-07-03 | Mitsubishi Eng Plastics Corp | Flame retardant polyester resin composition and process for its manufacture |
| JP3396485B2 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 2003-04-14 | 鐘淵化学工業株式会社 | Flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition |
| JP3590469B2 (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 2004-11-17 | 帝人株式会社 | Flame retardant resin composition |
| JPH10182956A (en) * | 1996-12-26 | 1998-07-07 | Nippon G Ii Plast Kk | Flame-retardant resin composition |
| TW477807B (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 2002-03-01 | Teijin Ltd | Flame-retardant resin composition |
| JP3693443B2 (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 2005-09-07 | 帝人株式会社 | Flame retardant resin composition |
-
2000
- 2000-02-18 CA CA002363027A patent/CA2363027A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-18 EP EP00908717A patent/EP1208144B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-18 ES ES00908717T patent/ES2257284T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-18 AT AT00908717T patent/ATE310770T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-18 DE DE60024278T patent/DE60024278T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-18 WO PCT/US2000/004159 patent/WO2000049077A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-18 US US09/913,928 patent/US6569928B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-18 JP JP2000599812A patent/JP4602559B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1208144A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
| EP1208144A4 (en) | 2002-10-16 |
| DE60024278D1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
| DE60024278T2 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
| WO2000049077A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
| EP1208144B1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
| ATE310770T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| ES2257284T3 (en) | 2006-08-01 |
| US6569928B1 (en) | 2003-05-27 |
| JP4602559B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
| JP2002537429A (en) | 2002-11-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |