CA2390032A1 - Ingestible device for the release of substances at distinct locations in the alimentary canal - Google Patents

Ingestible device for the release of substances at distinct locations in the alimentary canal Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2390032A1
CA2390032A1 CA002390032A CA2390032A CA2390032A1 CA 2390032 A1 CA2390032 A1 CA 2390032A1 CA 002390032 A CA002390032 A CA 002390032A CA 2390032 A CA2390032 A CA 2390032A CA 2390032 A1 CA2390032 A1 CA 2390032A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
substance
latch
actuator mechanism
receiver
reservoir
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002390032A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2390032C (en
Inventor
Peter John Houzego
Duncan James Westland
Peter Neil Morgan
Ian Robert Wilding
Peter Hanson Hirst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phaeton Research Ltd
Original Assignee
Peter John Houzego
Duncan James Westland
Peter Neil Morgan
Ian Robert Wilding
Peter Hanson Hirst
Phaeton Research Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peter John Houzego, Duncan James Westland, Peter Neil Morgan, Ian Robert Wilding, Peter Hanson Hirst, Phaeton Research Ltd filed Critical Peter John Houzego
Publication of CA2390032A1 publication Critical patent/CA2390032A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2390032C publication Critical patent/CA2390032C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M31/00Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
    • A61M31/002Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M31/00Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0001Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants
    • A61F2250/0002Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants for data transfer
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61JCONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J3/00Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
    • A61J3/07Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/35Communication
    • A61M2205/3507Communication with implanted devices, e.g. external control
    • A61M2205/3523Communication with implanted devices, e.g. external control using telemetric means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2210/00Anatomical parts of the body
    • A61M2210/10Trunk
    • A61M2210/1042Alimentary tract

Abstract

An ingestible device (10) for delivering a substance (12a) to a chosen location in the GI tract of a mammal includes a receiver of electromagnetic radiation for powering an openable part of the device (10) to an opened position for dispensing of the substance (12a). The receiver includes a coil ed wire (29) that couples the energy field, the wire (29) having an air or ferrite (36) core. In a further embodiment the invention includes an apparat us for generating the electromagnetic radiation, the apparatus including one or more pairs of field coils (42) supported in a housing. The device (10) optionally includes a latch defined by a heating resistor (20) and a fusible restraint (19). The device (10) may also include a flexible member (51) that may serve the function of activating a transmitter circuit (28) to indicate dispensing of the substance; and means restraining a piston (16) used for expelling the substance.

Claims (71)

1. An ingestible device for delivering a substance to a chosen or identifiable location in the alimentary canal of a human or animal, comprising an openable reservoir, for the substance, that is sealable against leakage of the substance;
an actuator mechanism for opening the reservoir;
an energy source, operatively connected for powering the actuator mechanism;
a releasable latch for controllably switching the application of power to the actuator from the energy source; and a receiver of electromagnetic radiation, for operating the latch when the receiver detects radiation within a predetermined characteristic range, the receiver including an air core having coiled therearound a wire;
characterised in that the coiled wire lies on or is embedded in an outer wall of the device.
2. A device according to Claim 1 wherein the diameter of the coils of the wire is in the range 8-l2mm and its length is in the range 10-20mm.
3. An ingestible device for delivering a substance to a chosen or identifiable location in the alimentary canal of a human or animal, comprising an openable reservoir, for the substance, that is sealable against leakage of the substance;
an actuator mechanism for opening the reservoir;
an energy source, operatively connected for powering the actuator mechanism;
a releasable latch for controllably switching the application of power to the actuator from the energy source; and a receiver of electromagnetic radiation, for operating the latch when the receiver detects radiation within a predetermined characteristic range, the device including a ferrite core having coiled theraround a wire for coupling received electromagnetic radiation to the releasable latch, characterised in that the device comprises an elongate, hollow housing, the ferrite core being elongate with its longitudinal axis aligned with the longitudinal axis of the hollow housing.
4. A device according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the receiver includes the said ferrite core and coil.
5. A device according to any preceding claim, wherein the air or ferrite core and coil are spaced from any fluid within or outside the device by a distance of 0.1 mm to 1 mm.
6. A device according to any preceding claim, including a transmitter having an air or ferrite core having coiled therearound a wire for transmitting electromagnetic radiation.
7. An apparatus for transmitting electromagnetic radiation to power an ingestible device, the apparatus comprising:
a support supporting a pair of transmitter coils including one or more loops operatively connectable to a source of oscillating electrical current, the support supporting the respective coils of the pair on opposite sides of the abdomen of an animal.
8. An apparatus according to Claim 7 wherein the coils define a Helmholtz pair.
9. An apparatus according to Claim 7, wherein the loops of the pair of coils are each of generally the same radius and are spaced from one another by between one and four times the said radius.
10. An apparatus according to Claim 9, wherein the loops are spaced from one another by twice the said radius.
11. An apparatus according to Claim 9 or Claim 10, wherein the spacing between the loops lies in the range 400mm - 800mm.
12. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 11 including three said coil pairs supported on the support whereby to provide three mutually skewed fields.
13. An apparatus according to Claim 12 wherein the coil pairs provide three mutually orthogonal fields.
14. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 13 wherein the frequency of the oscillating field generated by the or each coil pair is in the range 1 MHz - 14MHz.
15. An apparatus according to Claim 14 wherein the said frequency is in the range 1 MHz - 3MHz.
16. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 15 including shielding that inhibits the transmission of short wave electrostatic radiation.
17. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 16 including shielding that inhibits the transmission of long wave radio waves.
18. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 17 wherein the support is or includes a wearable garment.
19. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 17 wherein the support includes a framework supporting one or more of the coil pairs, the framework permitting the abdomen of a mammal to intercept the magnetic field from the or each Helmholtz pair.
20. An apparatus according to Claim 19 wherein the framework includes at least one releasably securable member supporting a said loop, thereby permitting a mammal to enter and leave the vicinity of the or each magnetic field.
21. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 20 wherein the spacing between the or at least one said pair of loops is adjustable.
22. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 21 wherein the size and/or position of the field coils of the or at least one said coil pair determine the frequency of oscillation of the magnetic field generated thereby.
23. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 20 wherein each loop of a said coil pair includes between 1 and 10 turns.
24. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 23 wherein each loop defines at least part of the frequency determining stage of a power oscillator.
25. An apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 24 wherein at least one of the said coils includes a capacitor oscillator operatively connected in parallel therewith whereby to provide a different resonant frequency, of the said coil, than that of the remainder of the coils.
26. A method of operating an ingestible device for delivering a substance to a chosen or identifiable location in the alimentary canal of a human or animal, causing a mammal to ingest an ingestible device comprising an openable reservoir, for the substance, that is sealable against leakage of the substance;
an actuator mechanism for opening the reservoir;
an energy source, operatively connected for powering the actuator mechanism;
a releasable latch for controllably switching the application of power to the actuator from the energy source; and a receiver of electromagnetic radiation, for operating the latch when the receiver detects radiation within a predetermined characteristic range;
the receiver being capable of extracting energy from an oscillating magnetic field and the method comprising:
at a chosen time, generating at least one axial, oscillating magnetic field and directing the field at the abdomen of the mammal whereby the receiver intercepts the said field and triggers the latch to cause opening of the reservoir; and simultaneously inhibiting the generation of long wave radio waves and short wave electrostatic radiation in the vicinity of the said abdomen.
27. A method according to Claim 26 including the step of generating two or more axial, oscillating magnetic fields whose axes are mutually skewed.
28. A method according to Claim 27 including the step of generating three said fields, wherein the axes of the said fields are mutually orthogonal.
29. A method according to any of Claims 26 to 28 wherein the or each said field is generated using a coil pair operatively connected to a source of an oscillating current.
30. An ingestible device for delivering a substance to a chosen or identifiable location in the alimentary canal of a human or animal, comprising an openable reservoir, for the substance, that is sealable against leakage of the substance;
an actuator mechanism for opening the reservoir;
an energy source, operatively connected for powering the actuator mechanism;
a releasable latch for controllably switching the application of power to the actuator mechanism from the energy source;
a receiver of electromagnetic radiation, for operating the latch when the receiver detects radiation within a predetermined characteristic range;
and a transmitter of electromagnetic radiation for transmitting a signal indicative of operation of the device, the said reservoir including an exit aperture, for the substance, closed by a closure member that is sealingly retained relative to the aperture, the exit aperture being openable on operation of the actuator mechanism;
wherein:
(i) the latch is thermally actuated;
(ii) the energy source is held in a potential energy state by the latch until the latch operates; and (iii) the device includes a heater for heating the latch whereby, on the receiver detecting the said radiation the receiver operates to power the heater and thereby release the latch, permitting expulsion of the substance from the reservoir; characterised in that:

the device also includes a restraint operable to limit operation of the actuator mechanism; and in that, on release of the latch, the restraint operates a switch to activate the transmitter for transmission of a said signal.
31. A device according to Claim 30 wherein:
the actuator mechanism includes a moveable member moveable under power of kinetic energy from the energy source to promote expulsion of the substance from the reservoir;
the restraint includes a flexible member interconnecting the moveable member and an anchorage fixed relative to the remainder of the device; and the switch includes a breakable, electrically conductive member, the flexible member and the breakable member being mutually engageable whereby on movement of the moveable member sufficiently partly or completely to expel or initiate expulsion of the substance from the reservoir the flexible member engages and breaks the breakable member to operate the switch.
32. A device according to Claim 30 or Claim 31 wherein the actuator mechanism includes a piston moveable under power from the energy source for compressing the substance in the reservoir to promote its expulsion therefrom.
33. A device according to any of Claim 30 to 32 wherein the transmitter includes a resonant circuit connectable to draw power from the receiver; and the breakable member is an electrical short that electrically isolates the resonant circuit from the receiver until the flexible member breaks the breakable member.
34. A device according to any of Claims 30 to 33 wherein the length of the flexible member is such as to limit the travel of the moveable member to a chosen maximum.
35. A device according to any of Claims 30 to 34 wherein the restraint and the switch are so dimensioned and/or located that the restraint operates the switch at a time corresponding to a predetermined amount of movement of the moveable member.
36. An ingestible device for delivering a substance to a chosen or identifiable location in the alimentary canal of a human or animal, comprising an openable reservoir, for the substance, that is sealable against leakage of the substance;
an actuator mechanism for opening the reservoir;
an energy source, operatively connected for powering the actuator mechanism;
a releasable latch for controllably switching the application of power to the actuator from the energy source; and a receiver of electromagnetic radiation, for operating the latch when the receiver detects radiation within a predetermined characteristic range;
the energy source including a compressed spring capable of acting on the actuator mechanism the expansion of the spring being initiatable by the latch and the work of the expansion of the spring causing operation of the actuator mechanism, characterised in that the spring, in its uncompressed state, is of a hollow, cylinder-like shape and in that the helical angle subtended between adjacent coils of the spring is a minimum of 15°.
37. A device according to Claim 36 wherein the spring includes a wire whose diameter is approximately 0.8mm.
38. A device according to Claim 36 or Claim 37 wherein the spring defines a hollow cylinder.
39. An ingestible device for delivering a substance to a chosen or identifiable location in the alimentary canal of a human or animal, comprising an openable reservoir, for the substance, that is sealable against leakage of the substance;
an actuator mechanism for opening the reservoir;
an energy source, operatively connected for powering the actuator mechanism;
a releasable latch for controllably switching the application of power to the actuator from the energy source; and a receiver of electromagnetic radiation, for operating the latch when the receiver detects radiation within a predetermined characteristic range;
the energy source including a compressed spring capable of acting on the actuator mechanism the expansion of the spring being initiatable by the latch and the work of the expansion of which causes operation of the actuator mechanism, the spring including a pair of wires each coiled in loops to define a pair of hollow cylinder-like shapes, a first said cylinder-like shape being of a greater internal diameter than the outer diameter of the second said cylinder-like shape and the first cylinder-like shape encircling the second cylinder-like shape, characterised in that each spring of the said pair is coated with an insulator over at least part of its length, to insulate the springs from one another in use.
40. A device according to Claim 39 wherein the wire of the first cylinder-like shape is looped in a clockwise direction and the wire of the second cylinder-like shape is looped in an anticlockwise direction; or vice versa.
41. A device according to Claim 40 wherein the wires of the first and second cylinder-like shapes are wound in the same direction.
42. A device according to any of Claim 39 to 41 wherein the first and second cylinder-like shapes are spaced from one another in the radial direction of the spring cross section.
43. A device according to any of Claims 39 to 42 wherein at least one of the wires includes a coating of an insulator over at least part of its length, whereby to insulate it from the other said wire.
44. A device according to any of Claims 39 to 43 wherein the ends of the wires defining each said wire are flush with the adjacent loops thereof.
45. A device according to any of Claims 39 to 44 wherein the compressed length of the spring is approximately ~, of its length in the uncompressed condition.
46. A device according to any of Claims 39 to 45 wherein the force applied by the spring to the actuator mechanism exceeds the maximum resistive force resisting operation of the actuator, at the time when the maximum resistive force applies.
47. An ingestible device for delivering a substance to a chosen or identifiable location in the alimentary canal of a human or animal, comprising an openable reservoir, for the substance, that is sealable against leakage of the substance;
an actuator mechanism for opening the reservoir;
an energy source, operatively connected for powering the actuator mechanism;
a releasable latch for controllably switching the application of power to the actuator from the energy source; and a receiver of electromagnetic radiation, for operating the latch when the receiver detects radiation within a predetermined characteristic range;
the energy source including a compressed spring the expansion of which is initiatable by the latch and the work of the expansion of which causes operation of the actuator mechanism, characterised in that the spring comprises a stack of resiliently deformable discs, the periphery of each disc having formed therein a series of waves, the waves of respective said discs connecting such that the peak of each wave contacts the trough of a wave of an adjacent said disc.
48. A device according to Claim 47 wherein the waves of each disc radiate generally from its centre.
49. A device according to Claim 47 or Claim 48 wherein each disc is an annulus.
50. A device according to Claim 49 wherein each annulus is about 0.25mm thick and has three said waves, the peak to trough distance of the waves being about 2mm.
51. A device according to Claim 50 wherein the spring includes 16 said annuli secured together at the respective peaks and troughs of the waves.
52. A device according to Claim 49 or any claim dependent therefrom, wherein the outer diameter of each annulus is about 8.5mm and the inner diameter is about 4.5mm.
53. A device according to any of Claims 36 to 52 wherein the actuator mechanism includes a piston moveable under power from the spring for compressing the substance in the reservoir to promote its expulsion therefrom, the spring being engaged at one end directly or indirectly with the piston and secured at its other end to a member fixed relative to the remainder of the device.
54. A device according to Claim 53 when dependent from Claim 39, Claim 39 or Claim 49 wherein the spring encircles one or more further components of the device.
55. A device according to any of Claims 1 to 6 or 30 to 54 including a retainer for retaining moveable components within the device.
56. A device according to Claim 55 wherein the retainer includes a rib that reduces the cross sectional area of the hollow interior of the device in the vicinity of an opening therein.
57. A device according to Claim 53 or any claim dependent from Claim 53 wherein the piston includes a flexible annular lip for slidingly sealingly engaging the interior of the reservoir.
58. A device according to Claim 57 wherein the cross section of the lip tapers towards its free edge.
59. A device according to Claim 57 wherein the cross section of the lip is generally parallel sided.
60. An ingestible device for delivering a substance to a chosen or identifiable location in the alimentary canal of a human or animal, comprising:
an openable reservoir, for the substance, that is sealable against leakage of the substance;
an actuator mechanism for opening the reservoir;
an energy source, operatively connected for powering the actuator mechanism;
a releasable latch for controllably switching the application of power to the actuator from the energy source;
a receiver of electromagnetic radiation, for operating the latch when the receiver detects radiation within a predetermined characteristic range;
and a transmitter of electromagnetic radiation for transmitting a signal indicative of operation of the device;
the said reservoir including an exit aperture, for the substance, closed by a closure member that is sealingly retained relative to the aperture, the exit aperture being openable on operation of the actuator mechanism;
wherein (i) the latch is thermally actuated;
(ii) the energy source is held in a potential energy state by the latch until the latch operates; and (iii) the device includes a heater for heating the latch whereby, on the receiver detecting the said radiation the receiver operates to power the heater and thereby release the latch, permitting expulsion of the substance from the reservoir; characterised in that the device also includes (a) a restraint operable to limit operation of the actuator mechanism;
(b) a switch for switchably operating the transmitter; and (c) a switch member operatively interconnecting the actuator mechanism and the switch such that operation of the actuator mechanism causes the switch member to operate the said switch.
61. A device according to Claim 60 wherein the actuator mechanism includes a moveable member and the switch member includes a lost motion arrangement whereby the moveable member moves before the switch member operates the switch.
62. A device according to Claim 61 wherein the switch member interconnects the moveable member and the switch; and includes a slack, flexible member the slackness of which provides the said lost motion arrangement.
63. A device according to Claim 62 including a pcb having a breakable wire secured at spaced locations thereon to define the switch, the pcb being perforated and the said switch and the said moveable member lying respectively at opposite sides of the pcb; and the switch member including a slack, flexible filament that passes through a perforation in the pcb and including a loop that encloses the breakable wire, the filament being secured to the moveable member whereby when the moveable member moves the filament tightens such that the loop breaks the breakable wire.
64. A device according to Claim 60 or any claim dependent therefrom including a pcb supporting the receiver and the transmitter, the receiver and the transmitter each including a resistor track secured on the pcb, the resistor tracks of the transmitter and receiver lying respectively on opposite sides of the pcb.
65. A device according to Claim 64 wherein the pcb includes one or more perforations in the vicinity of each said resistor track.
66. A device according to Claim 63 or any claim dependent therefrom, wherein a projection protrudes from an edge of a perforation through the pcb; and wherein the latch includes a sharp melting point filament interconnecting the actuator member and the said projection.
67. A device according to Claim 66 wherein the heater is secured to the projection in heat transmitting proximity to the sharp melting point filament.
68. A device according to any of Claims 1 to 6 or 30 to 67 the reservoir of which includes a charge of liquid, powdered or solid substance or a suspension or solution for discharge into the GI tract of a mammal.
69. A device according to any of Claims 1 to 5 or 30 to 68, including a radioisotope tag generating radiation that is detectable for indicating the location of the device in the GI tract of a mammal.
70. A method according to any of Claims 26 to 29, including the step of indicating the location of the device in the GI tract of the mammal, using a radioisotope tag.
71. A method according to Claim 70 wherein the step of indicating the location includes using Gamma scintigraphy to indicate the location of the device in the said GI tract.
CA2390032A 1999-12-21 2000-12-14 Ingestible device for the release of substances at distinct locations in the alimentary canal Expired - Fee Related CA2390032C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9930000.6 1999-12-21
GBGB9930000.6A GB9930000D0 (en) 1999-12-21 1999-12-21 An ingestible device
PCT/GB2000/004814 WO2001045789A2 (en) 1999-12-21 2000-12-14 Ingestible device for the release of substances at distinct locations in the alimentary canal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2390032A1 true CA2390032A1 (en) 2001-06-28
CA2390032C CA2390032C (en) 2011-08-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2390032A Expired - Fee Related CA2390032C (en) 1999-12-21 2000-12-14 Ingestible device for the release of substances at distinct locations in the alimentary canal

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (3) US6632216B2 (en)
EP (3) EP2016898B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003517902A (en)
AT (2) ATE472970T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2198201A (en)
CA (1) CA2390032C (en)
DE (2) DE60044656D1 (en)
DK (2) DK2016898T3 (en)
GB (1) GB9930000D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2001045789A2 (en)

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US20050075559A1 (en) 2005-04-07
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CA2390032C (en) 2011-08-23
US20020055734A1 (en) 2002-05-09

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