CA2393593A1 - Flow diffusers in a uv pressurized reactor - Google Patents
Flow diffusers in a uv pressurized reactor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2393593A1 CA2393593A1 CA002393593A CA2393593A CA2393593A1 CA 2393593 A1 CA2393593 A1 CA 2393593A1 CA 002393593 A CA002393593 A CA 002393593A CA 2393593 A CA2393593 A CA 2393593A CA 2393593 A1 CA2393593 A1 CA 2393593A1
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- Prior art keywords
- section
- cross
- flow
- flat diffuser
- flat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
- C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
- C02F2201/322—Lamp arrangement
- C02F2201/3227—Units with two or more lamps
Abstract
The subject matter of the invention is a flat diffuser for changing the flow cross section in a flow conduit, preferably for the inlet and outlet zone of UV
disinfection devices for drinking water, water for industrial use or sewage water with a square or rectangular flow cross section. High-performance UV disinfection devices inevitably lead to the arrangement of UV radiators in square or rectangular UV radiator grids transversally or longitudinally to the flow direction. In closed UV
disinfection devices of high flow rates the inlets and outlets have round cross sections like the arriving piping. It is necessary to achieve there a transition from the arriving round inlet cross section to the completely differently shaped rectangular inlet cross section of the radiation chamber. A
flat diffuser according to the inventive idea is helpful in the solution of this far from simple hydraulic problem and can lead to better hydraulic conditions in the radiation chamber and to a shorter overall length of the inlet and outlet zone and simplify its production.
disinfection devices for drinking water, water for industrial use or sewage water with a square or rectangular flow cross section. High-performance UV disinfection devices inevitably lead to the arrangement of UV radiators in square or rectangular UV radiator grids transversally or longitudinally to the flow direction. In closed UV
disinfection devices of high flow rates the inlets and outlets have round cross sections like the arriving piping. It is necessary to achieve there a transition from the arriving round inlet cross section to the completely differently shaped rectangular inlet cross section of the radiation chamber. A
flat diffuser according to the inventive idea is helpful in the solution of this far from simple hydraulic problem and can lead to better hydraulic conditions in the radiation chamber and to a shorter overall length of the inlet and outlet zone and simplify its production.
Description
The invention relates to a flat diffuser for changing the flow cross section in a flow conduit, preferably for the inlet and outlet zone of W disinfection chambers with a square or rectangular flow cross section. It is to be irrelevant whether an open or closed flow conduit is concerned, i.e. one that is enclosed by a housing, in which the flat diffuser is to shape or change a flow cross section or improve its hydraulic properties, or whether a closed flow conduit is concerned with a circular inlet cross section which is to be re-shaped after a short start-up section to a square or rectangular cross section.
Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a grid of UV radiators in a circular UV
radiation chamber with a housing wall 1, with the quartz cladding tubes 2 in which the UV radiators 3 are to be built in and the radiator hatches 4 which allow a pressure-tight lead-out of the quartz cladding tubes. This design comes with the disadvantage that UV
radiators of different length need to be used. The second disadvantage is that the radiator hatches 4 are not of the same length and, the farther away from the central axis, lead to long elliptical breakthroughs in the housing wall, as a result of which the position of the outermost radiators is limited at the distance from the central axis. In the case of a plurality of IJV radiators in the cross section, such a construction leads to work-intensive welding work, despite being favorable from a flow viewpoint.
Fig. 2 shows the cross section through a grid of UV radiators in a radiation chamber with a square cross section with the housing wall 6, with the quartz cladding tubes 7 in which UV radiators 8 are to be built in and the radiator hatches 9.
The square radiation chamber has advantages over the circular radiation chamber, namely the UV
radiators of the same length and the straight bearing surface for the mounting and sealing of the radiator hatches. Fig. 2 shows the circular cross section 10 of fig. 1 in the background. Both cross sections are of the same size. The missing and excess areas of the round cross section as compared with the square cross section are hatched and show the changes in cross section if one intends to change from the round cross section according to fig. 1 to the square according to fig. 2 and if the two cross sectional surface areas are to be of the same size. In this case the transition is not dramatic and could be "edge-formed"
in a transitional pipe element. In this connection it also needs to be mentioned that a pressure vessel with a rectangular or square cross section requires thicker wall thicknesses and a circular frame which support the walls, so that no bulgings occur under pressure. A pressure vessel with a square cross section is therefore statically inferior as compared with the round pressure vessel conventionally used in boiler construction.
Moreover, there is a completely different matter when the round inlet cross section is considerably smaller than the square one to which it needs to be extended in any way in the present case, as is shown in fig. 3. In practice, however, one prefers a square cross section in UV devices of large flow throughput and takes the disadvantages into account.
One example according to the state of the art is shown schematically in fig.
3. In principle, the currently largest LTV disinfection chambers are built in this manner. The devices have an inlet and outlet flange 13, 15 with a round cross section for flanging onto the inflow and outflow piping. For the transition to the intended square cross section for housing the UV radiator grid there are two cushion-shaped transition pieces, an inlet "diffuser" 12 and an outlet "diffuser" 14. Expansion or tapering elements of this kind are difficult to manufacture as compared with reducers with round connections at both sides.
For cost and space reasons these parts are kept as short as possible, which again demands special measures in the interior in order to transfer the flow in a more or less clean way and without major hydraulic losses from the round to the square cross section.
One usually overcomes this problem with flow screens, which are perforated plates over the entire cross section and baffle or deflection plates, i.e. installed baffles.
In fig. 3, the reference numeral 16 is the radiation chamber, reference numeral 17 the necessary reinforcing frame for avoiding bulgings under pressure and reference numeral 18 an indication of the arrangement of a UV radiator grid transversally to the flow.
Fig. 4 shows the inlet element 12 of fig. 3 without any further baffles with the connecting flange 13, the square outlet cross section 26, the inflowing water flow 22, its continuation 23 in the transition element and the outgoing water flow 24 with its limitation. Without any further guide elements the water flow will "shoot through" the short transition element, break away from the walls and form dead eddy zones 25. The shorter the expansion element 12, the more unorganized the hydraulic conditions will become in the interior and the more useless for the aforementioned purposes they will be.
The flow 22 from the incoming tube will not intend to distribute itself in an evenly laminar manner over the square cross section 26. Reference numeral 27 is a flow screen, of which one generally expects that an incoming expanding flow of a certain shape will evenly distribute to the new larger, possibly still square cross section. One could think that an excessively large flow speed at a pass-through hold will lead to a larger flow resistance and the flow is thus prevented, whereas the other holes will allow slightly more to pass. This will fail on the one hand due to the fact that in the control surface "f', i.e. in the cross section slightly before the flow screen in the arrangement according to fig. 4, certainly no uniform pressure prevails, and on the other hand that in the flow of round delimitation coming from the tube there is a speed profile 35 which in the longitudinal axis of the pipe may show under certain circumstances a considerably higher speed and in the middle region of the flow screen the water will impinge more rapidly and that as a result more water will flow through the flow screen in this region than in the edge of the same. One must consider further that such a speed profile will only build up in a longer straight piece of the tube and a separation-free flow expansion in a transition element similar to fig. 4, as are actually used in UV devices of high performance, can only be expected in far smaller opening angles of about 15°. Apart from the fact that such a cushion-shaped transition element cannot be produced easily, it is not only unfavorable from a hydraulic viewpoint, but also for reasons of complex and expensive production. If the transition from a round to a larger angular cross section is to be achieved in a somewhat clean manner from a hydraulic viewpoint, it is necessary to provide in said transition element a number of additional installed elements such as baffle plates for example. It is necessary to consider that hydraulic inconsistencies, i.e.
imprecise flow distribution in the square cross section in which the L7V radiator grids are disposed can only be compensated with higher reserve capacity in the bactericidal range of the UV
radiators.
The flat diffuser according to the inventive idea that is especially suitable in the rectangular or square cross section is a solution to this quandary. According to the simple teachings of the invention one arranges a number of smaller "diffusers", namely divergent rectangular channels, which are distributed over the flow cross section, which can be the inflow cross section of a UV disinfection device, instead of changing the cross section, e.g. from a circular tube connection to a square and larger cross section by means of a single diffuser (shaped tube expansion element).
Fig. 5 shows the simple principle.
According to fig. 5a, a round cross section fl is to be expanded to a similarly round cross section f2. Usually, the diffuser 30 will be formed with a smaller opening angle OW 1 of which one knows that it will work without any flow separation and with only a small level of loss. The matter is completely different in a strongly reduced expansion element 31 with the considerably larger opening angle OW2. Within the control surface f2 there are strong eddy currents which are useless in a downstream UV
radiator grid. In UV devices one only strives towards a so-called "plug flow"
(piston flow) with a limited radial and even inherent turbulence.
Fig. 5b shows how a flat diffuser according to the inventive idea which is disposed between f3 and f5 and with the use of a short reducer 31 and even the transition from a round cross section fl to a square one from control surface f3 still leads to an even distribution of the flow over the entire flow cross section between f3 and f5.
The flat diffuser shall consist of profile bars 33 which are arranged in such a way that a single diffuser 34 is formed between two ribs each, which diffuser, although very much shorter in the flow direction than a normally long expansion diffuser, can have a smaller expansion angle and be geometrically similar to diffuser 30 in fig. 5a. A
uniform pressure is assumed over the entire cross section in the control surface f3, whereupon an equal quantity of fluid flows through all individual diffusers 34 and it is also assumed that there is no overly strong irradiation of the center of the flat diffuser. There is no need to mention specifically that the arrangement according to fig. 5b cannot yet lead to the actual goal. Fig. 5b is only intended to show the simple inventive idea, namely the arrangement of short individual diffusers which are distributed in a compound way over the entire cross section and have a small opening angle, instead of a single expansion diffuser for the entire flow cross section as with reference numeral 30 in fig. 5a. The diffusers in the rectangular cross section from f3 are rather "splits" and not individual diffusers within the terms of expanding divergent individual tubes of square cross section. They certainly have a longitudinal rectangular cross section and by incorporating perpendicular thin walls (61 in fig. 8) such as strips of sheet metal it is easy to produce "single channels" or at least narrower rectangular single diffusers. The flat diffuser is S distinguished here substantially from perforated plates or flow "grids" of any kind because they lack the divergent expansion possibility due to the low material thickness in the flow direction and the angle of attack is 0° in grids of sheet metal strips. Moreover, the desired radial turbulence can also be produced by the shortening of the single diffusers and a thus ensuing slight flow separation. Notice should also be taken that in the arrangement according to fig. Sb the flow is expanded practically twice. At first roughly from fl to f3, with the round cross section being re-shaped to the square cross section; at f4 there is a constriction and a renewed expansion under a favorable expansion angle and at f5 the even distribution towards the entire following surface. Interesting is also the arrangement of two flat diffusers which are mutually offset by 90° with respect to one 1 S another. A short upstream transition element 31 according to fig. Sb without any further installed parts should be sufficient in the case of flow speeds that are not excessively high.
Application example 1 Inlet into a UV disinfection device with a square cross section of the radiation chamber according to fig. 1.
In fig. 6, reference numeral 36 is the housing made of special steel of a UV
device of a square cross section with the reinforcing frame 37 and an inlet tube 38 with the connecting flange 39 and two rows of peripheral inlet bores 40 which lead to a pre-chamber 41 with a baffle plate frame 42 within the control surfaces f6.
Reference 2S numeral 43 is a flat diffuser according to the inventive idea, composed of peaked canted strips of sheet metal 44 with the inlet slots 4S, from which the short rectangular single diffusers 46 of housing width are formed. The flat diffuser 43 is to be disposed between the control surfaces f7 and f8. Downstream there is the first UV radiator grid, consisting of a grid-like row of UV radiators 47 over the entire flow cross section, inserted in a S
presswater-tight manner into the UV radiator cladding tube 48 with the radiator hatches 49. In contrast to the arrangement according to fig. 5b, the apparatus according to fig. 6, which is shown as an example, comprises both measures for avoiding the impingement of inlet water ejecting from the inlet tube 38 as well as measures for producing a S substantially uniform turbulent water zone before the control surface f7 with the purpose of producing a substantially uniform pressure in the outflow cross section f7 from the control chamber f6 so that certain inlet slots of the flat diffuser do not let through considerably more water than the other ones. Accordingly, there is also no flow profile.
The inlet slots 45 could be blown against in the middle and would also have to be expected behind the flat diffuser in the control surface f8. A compensation will be produced in this manner in the prechamber 41. The housing 36 is further provided at the front side with a lid with the connecting flange 50. Installed parts such as the baffle plate frame 42 and the flat diffuser 43 will thus become accessible and can be better installed and disassembled. In this example the line of intersection A-B divides the device in the 1 S middle, whereby the arrangement to the left of the line of intersection A-B must be imagined in a mirrored way on the right side. Notice must be taken principally that the arrangement of the inlet zone before the flat diffuser, i.e. the actual subject matter of the invention, must be left to the designer's craftsmanship. There are a large number of possibilities to create the required hydraulic conditions there.
Application example 2 Inlet into a UV disinfection device with a square cross section of the radiation chamber according to fig. 7 and fig. 8.
In fig. 7, reference numeral 51 relates to the housing of a UV device made of special steel with a square cross section with the reinforcing frame 52 and a flange connection on which the incoming pipe 54 can be screwed on directly by means of stud bolts 55. The housing S 1 is provided with a prechamber 56 with the baffle plate 57 and a flow screen 58. Baffle plate and flow screen are to influence the water inflow in such a way that a flow broken into small turbulences can be expected behind the flow screen 58 with approximately even pressure over the control surface f~. Reference numeral 66 relates to a flat diffuser according to the inventive idea in an installation frame S9 made of special steel, with profile bars 60, made in the extruder according to fig.
8b in a continuous manner from UV-resistant polyethylene (PE) by injection with separating walls 61 made of special steel plate through which they are pushed and thus form a fixed S grid-like element. The individual diffusers 67 are thus formed between the profile bars 60. The water flowing off from the flat diffuser then meets a first IN
radiator grid transversally to the flow, consisting of UV radiators 47 which are inserted into quartz cladding tubes 48 with hatch elements 49 for hermetically sealing the cladding tube to the outside. Fig. 8 shows the flat diffuser represented in the application example 2 in closer detail, with fig. 8d showing the representation according to fig. 8c in the direction "E". In fig. 8c, the reference numeral 60 relates to the diffuser elements, 61 to one of the provided separating walls with the front edge 63 which stands against the flow before the flat diffuser. The front edge on the separating walls 61 can be helpful through the substantial elimination of any transversal flows that may still exist before the control 1 S surface ~ and through the production of the even pressure over f3. The separating plates 61 are provided here by way of example according to fig. 8a with lasered recesses 62 through which the elements 60 are simply pushed. The separating walls per se are to be fastened at a suitable distance in frame S9 of the flat diffuser. Fig. 8d shows in a sectional view the diffuser elements 60, the separating walls 61, the entrance surface 64 into the single diffuser and the larger exit surface 6S whose sum total corresponds in this example to the cross section in f10 in the LJV radiation chamber. In order to keep down the flow resistance, the diffuser elements 60 are rounded off at the front side. The housing S 1 should be capable of being opened by means of a flange connection S3 so as to make the installed parts S7, S8 and 66 accessible and to allow their installation. The designer will 2S have to decide on the number of the individual elements 60, the separating plates 61 and their distance and the smoothing flow measures upstream of the flat diffuser.
The optimal arrangement can be found and checked empirically.
Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a grid of UV radiators in a circular UV
radiation chamber with a housing wall 1, with the quartz cladding tubes 2 in which the UV radiators 3 are to be built in and the radiator hatches 4 which allow a pressure-tight lead-out of the quartz cladding tubes. This design comes with the disadvantage that UV
radiators of different length need to be used. The second disadvantage is that the radiator hatches 4 are not of the same length and, the farther away from the central axis, lead to long elliptical breakthroughs in the housing wall, as a result of which the position of the outermost radiators is limited at the distance from the central axis. In the case of a plurality of IJV radiators in the cross section, such a construction leads to work-intensive welding work, despite being favorable from a flow viewpoint.
Fig. 2 shows the cross section through a grid of UV radiators in a radiation chamber with a square cross section with the housing wall 6, with the quartz cladding tubes 7 in which UV radiators 8 are to be built in and the radiator hatches 9.
The square radiation chamber has advantages over the circular radiation chamber, namely the UV
radiators of the same length and the straight bearing surface for the mounting and sealing of the radiator hatches. Fig. 2 shows the circular cross section 10 of fig. 1 in the background. Both cross sections are of the same size. The missing and excess areas of the round cross section as compared with the square cross section are hatched and show the changes in cross section if one intends to change from the round cross section according to fig. 1 to the square according to fig. 2 and if the two cross sectional surface areas are to be of the same size. In this case the transition is not dramatic and could be "edge-formed"
in a transitional pipe element. In this connection it also needs to be mentioned that a pressure vessel with a rectangular or square cross section requires thicker wall thicknesses and a circular frame which support the walls, so that no bulgings occur under pressure. A pressure vessel with a square cross section is therefore statically inferior as compared with the round pressure vessel conventionally used in boiler construction.
Moreover, there is a completely different matter when the round inlet cross section is considerably smaller than the square one to which it needs to be extended in any way in the present case, as is shown in fig. 3. In practice, however, one prefers a square cross section in UV devices of large flow throughput and takes the disadvantages into account.
One example according to the state of the art is shown schematically in fig.
3. In principle, the currently largest LTV disinfection chambers are built in this manner. The devices have an inlet and outlet flange 13, 15 with a round cross section for flanging onto the inflow and outflow piping. For the transition to the intended square cross section for housing the UV radiator grid there are two cushion-shaped transition pieces, an inlet "diffuser" 12 and an outlet "diffuser" 14. Expansion or tapering elements of this kind are difficult to manufacture as compared with reducers with round connections at both sides.
For cost and space reasons these parts are kept as short as possible, which again demands special measures in the interior in order to transfer the flow in a more or less clean way and without major hydraulic losses from the round to the square cross section.
One usually overcomes this problem with flow screens, which are perforated plates over the entire cross section and baffle or deflection plates, i.e. installed baffles.
In fig. 3, the reference numeral 16 is the radiation chamber, reference numeral 17 the necessary reinforcing frame for avoiding bulgings under pressure and reference numeral 18 an indication of the arrangement of a UV radiator grid transversally to the flow.
Fig. 4 shows the inlet element 12 of fig. 3 without any further baffles with the connecting flange 13, the square outlet cross section 26, the inflowing water flow 22, its continuation 23 in the transition element and the outgoing water flow 24 with its limitation. Without any further guide elements the water flow will "shoot through" the short transition element, break away from the walls and form dead eddy zones 25. The shorter the expansion element 12, the more unorganized the hydraulic conditions will become in the interior and the more useless for the aforementioned purposes they will be.
The flow 22 from the incoming tube will not intend to distribute itself in an evenly laminar manner over the square cross section 26. Reference numeral 27 is a flow screen, of which one generally expects that an incoming expanding flow of a certain shape will evenly distribute to the new larger, possibly still square cross section. One could think that an excessively large flow speed at a pass-through hold will lead to a larger flow resistance and the flow is thus prevented, whereas the other holes will allow slightly more to pass. This will fail on the one hand due to the fact that in the control surface "f', i.e. in the cross section slightly before the flow screen in the arrangement according to fig. 4, certainly no uniform pressure prevails, and on the other hand that in the flow of round delimitation coming from the tube there is a speed profile 35 which in the longitudinal axis of the pipe may show under certain circumstances a considerably higher speed and in the middle region of the flow screen the water will impinge more rapidly and that as a result more water will flow through the flow screen in this region than in the edge of the same. One must consider further that such a speed profile will only build up in a longer straight piece of the tube and a separation-free flow expansion in a transition element similar to fig. 4, as are actually used in UV devices of high performance, can only be expected in far smaller opening angles of about 15°. Apart from the fact that such a cushion-shaped transition element cannot be produced easily, it is not only unfavorable from a hydraulic viewpoint, but also for reasons of complex and expensive production. If the transition from a round to a larger angular cross section is to be achieved in a somewhat clean manner from a hydraulic viewpoint, it is necessary to provide in said transition element a number of additional installed elements such as baffle plates for example. It is necessary to consider that hydraulic inconsistencies, i.e.
imprecise flow distribution in the square cross section in which the L7V radiator grids are disposed can only be compensated with higher reserve capacity in the bactericidal range of the UV
radiators.
The flat diffuser according to the inventive idea that is especially suitable in the rectangular or square cross section is a solution to this quandary. According to the simple teachings of the invention one arranges a number of smaller "diffusers", namely divergent rectangular channels, which are distributed over the flow cross section, which can be the inflow cross section of a UV disinfection device, instead of changing the cross section, e.g. from a circular tube connection to a square and larger cross section by means of a single diffuser (shaped tube expansion element).
Fig. 5 shows the simple principle.
According to fig. 5a, a round cross section fl is to be expanded to a similarly round cross section f2. Usually, the diffuser 30 will be formed with a smaller opening angle OW 1 of which one knows that it will work without any flow separation and with only a small level of loss. The matter is completely different in a strongly reduced expansion element 31 with the considerably larger opening angle OW2. Within the control surface f2 there are strong eddy currents which are useless in a downstream UV
radiator grid. In UV devices one only strives towards a so-called "plug flow"
(piston flow) with a limited radial and even inherent turbulence.
Fig. 5b shows how a flat diffuser according to the inventive idea which is disposed between f3 and f5 and with the use of a short reducer 31 and even the transition from a round cross section fl to a square one from control surface f3 still leads to an even distribution of the flow over the entire flow cross section between f3 and f5.
The flat diffuser shall consist of profile bars 33 which are arranged in such a way that a single diffuser 34 is formed between two ribs each, which diffuser, although very much shorter in the flow direction than a normally long expansion diffuser, can have a smaller expansion angle and be geometrically similar to diffuser 30 in fig. 5a. A
uniform pressure is assumed over the entire cross section in the control surface f3, whereupon an equal quantity of fluid flows through all individual diffusers 34 and it is also assumed that there is no overly strong irradiation of the center of the flat diffuser. There is no need to mention specifically that the arrangement according to fig. 5b cannot yet lead to the actual goal. Fig. 5b is only intended to show the simple inventive idea, namely the arrangement of short individual diffusers which are distributed in a compound way over the entire cross section and have a small opening angle, instead of a single expansion diffuser for the entire flow cross section as with reference numeral 30 in fig. 5a. The diffusers in the rectangular cross section from f3 are rather "splits" and not individual diffusers within the terms of expanding divergent individual tubes of square cross section. They certainly have a longitudinal rectangular cross section and by incorporating perpendicular thin walls (61 in fig. 8) such as strips of sheet metal it is easy to produce "single channels" or at least narrower rectangular single diffusers. The flat diffuser is S distinguished here substantially from perforated plates or flow "grids" of any kind because they lack the divergent expansion possibility due to the low material thickness in the flow direction and the angle of attack is 0° in grids of sheet metal strips. Moreover, the desired radial turbulence can also be produced by the shortening of the single diffusers and a thus ensuing slight flow separation. Notice should also be taken that in the arrangement according to fig. Sb the flow is expanded practically twice. At first roughly from fl to f3, with the round cross section being re-shaped to the square cross section; at f4 there is a constriction and a renewed expansion under a favorable expansion angle and at f5 the even distribution towards the entire following surface. Interesting is also the arrangement of two flat diffusers which are mutually offset by 90° with respect to one 1 S another. A short upstream transition element 31 according to fig. Sb without any further installed parts should be sufficient in the case of flow speeds that are not excessively high.
Application example 1 Inlet into a UV disinfection device with a square cross section of the radiation chamber according to fig. 1.
In fig. 6, reference numeral 36 is the housing made of special steel of a UV
device of a square cross section with the reinforcing frame 37 and an inlet tube 38 with the connecting flange 39 and two rows of peripheral inlet bores 40 which lead to a pre-chamber 41 with a baffle plate frame 42 within the control surfaces f6.
Reference 2S numeral 43 is a flat diffuser according to the inventive idea, composed of peaked canted strips of sheet metal 44 with the inlet slots 4S, from which the short rectangular single diffusers 46 of housing width are formed. The flat diffuser 43 is to be disposed between the control surfaces f7 and f8. Downstream there is the first UV radiator grid, consisting of a grid-like row of UV radiators 47 over the entire flow cross section, inserted in a S
presswater-tight manner into the UV radiator cladding tube 48 with the radiator hatches 49. In contrast to the arrangement according to fig. 5b, the apparatus according to fig. 6, which is shown as an example, comprises both measures for avoiding the impingement of inlet water ejecting from the inlet tube 38 as well as measures for producing a S substantially uniform turbulent water zone before the control surface f7 with the purpose of producing a substantially uniform pressure in the outflow cross section f7 from the control chamber f6 so that certain inlet slots of the flat diffuser do not let through considerably more water than the other ones. Accordingly, there is also no flow profile.
The inlet slots 45 could be blown against in the middle and would also have to be expected behind the flat diffuser in the control surface f8. A compensation will be produced in this manner in the prechamber 41. The housing 36 is further provided at the front side with a lid with the connecting flange 50. Installed parts such as the baffle plate frame 42 and the flat diffuser 43 will thus become accessible and can be better installed and disassembled. In this example the line of intersection A-B divides the device in the 1 S middle, whereby the arrangement to the left of the line of intersection A-B must be imagined in a mirrored way on the right side. Notice must be taken principally that the arrangement of the inlet zone before the flat diffuser, i.e. the actual subject matter of the invention, must be left to the designer's craftsmanship. There are a large number of possibilities to create the required hydraulic conditions there.
Application example 2 Inlet into a UV disinfection device with a square cross section of the radiation chamber according to fig. 7 and fig. 8.
In fig. 7, reference numeral 51 relates to the housing of a UV device made of special steel with a square cross section with the reinforcing frame 52 and a flange connection on which the incoming pipe 54 can be screwed on directly by means of stud bolts 55. The housing S 1 is provided with a prechamber 56 with the baffle plate 57 and a flow screen 58. Baffle plate and flow screen are to influence the water inflow in such a way that a flow broken into small turbulences can be expected behind the flow screen 58 with approximately even pressure over the control surface f~. Reference numeral 66 relates to a flat diffuser according to the inventive idea in an installation frame S9 made of special steel, with profile bars 60, made in the extruder according to fig.
8b in a continuous manner from UV-resistant polyethylene (PE) by injection with separating walls 61 made of special steel plate through which they are pushed and thus form a fixed S grid-like element. The individual diffusers 67 are thus formed between the profile bars 60. The water flowing off from the flat diffuser then meets a first IN
radiator grid transversally to the flow, consisting of UV radiators 47 which are inserted into quartz cladding tubes 48 with hatch elements 49 for hermetically sealing the cladding tube to the outside. Fig. 8 shows the flat diffuser represented in the application example 2 in closer detail, with fig. 8d showing the representation according to fig. 8c in the direction "E". In fig. 8c, the reference numeral 60 relates to the diffuser elements, 61 to one of the provided separating walls with the front edge 63 which stands against the flow before the flat diffuser. The front edge on the separating walls 61 can be helpful through the substantial elimination of any transversal flows that may still exist before the control 1 S surface ~ and through the production of the even pressure over f3. The separating plates 61 are provided here by way of example according to fig. 8a with lasered recesses 62 through which the elements 60 are simply pushed. The separating walls per se are to be fastened at a suitable distance in frame S9 of the flat diffuser. Fig. 8d shows in a sectional view the diffuser elements 60, the separating walls 61, the entrance surface 64 into the single diffuser and the larger exit surface 6S whose sum total corresponds in this example to the cross section in f10 in the LJV radiation chamber. In order to keep down the flow resistance, the diffuser elements 60 are rounded off at the front side. The housing S 1 should be capable of being opened by means of a flange connection S3 so as to make the installed parts S7, S8 and 66 accessible and to allow their installation. The designer will 2S have to decide on the number of the individual elements 60, the separating plates 61 and their distance and the smoothing flow measures upstream of the flat diffuser.
The optimal arrangement can be found and checked empirically.
Claims (10)
1. A flat diffuser for changing the flow cross section in a flow conduit, preferably for the inlet and outlet zone of UV disinfection chambers with a square or rectangular flow cross section, characterized in that in the flat diffuser in accordance with the invention a random number of individual diffusers which can be divergent rectangular channels are arranged next to one another over the flow cross section, with the outlet cross sections of the individual diffusers jointly corresponding at most to the expended flow cross section.
2. A flat diffuser as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the individual diffusers consist of plate elements with a random angle of attack.
3. A flat diffuser as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the individual diffusers consist of edged plate elements which are arranged mutually parallel and each form two limiting surfaces of adjacent individual diffusers.
4. A flat diffuser as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the individual diffusers are not formed by plate elements, but instead by profile bars made of a random material such as UV-resistant plastic or metal.
5. A flat diffuser as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the width of the individual diffusers can be determined by perpendicularly inserted intermediate walls which can be strips of sheet metal for example and thus the cross section of the individual diffusers perpendicularly to the direction of main flow can be smaller and even square for example.
6. A flat diffuser as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the individual diffusers can be built into a common mounting frame.
7. A flat diffuser as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the flat diffuser according to the inventive idea is to be provided downstream of a formed transition element with a round inlet cross section and a rectangular and/or square outlet cross section.
8 8. A flat diffuser as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the flat diffuser according to the inventive idea is to be provided upstream of a formed transition element with a round inlet cross section and a rectangular and/or square outlet cross section.
9. A flat diffuser as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that two or more flat diffusers are connected successively one after the other.
10. A flat diffuser as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the flat diffusers disposed downstream are to be turned by 90° with respect to the upstream flat diffuser.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10101816A DE10101816A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Flat diffuser for altering cross section of flow in a flow channel has multiple single diffusers as divergent rectangular channels fitted alongside each other over the cross section of flow. |
| US10/195,313 US6976508B2 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-07-16 | Flow diffusers in a UV pressurized reactor |
| CA002393593A CA2393593A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-07-16 | Flow diffusers in a uv pressurized reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10101816A DE10101816A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Flat diffuser for altering cross section of flow in a flow channel has multiple single diffusers as divergent rectangular channels fitted alongside each other over the cross section of flow. |
| US10/195,313 US6976508B2 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-07-16 | Flow diffusers in a UV pressurized reactor |
| CA002393593A CA2393593A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-07-16 | Flow diffusers in a uv pressurized reactor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2393593A1 true CA2393593A1 (en) | 2004-01-16 |
Family
ID=32329388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002393593A Abandoned CA2393593A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-07-16 | Flow diffusers in a uv pressurized reactor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6976508B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2393593A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10101816A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016008803A1 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Nestec S.A. | Irradiation chamber for liquid purification apparatus, purification apparatus and beverage dispenser |
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| US7520978B2 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2009-04-21 | Philips Lumileds Lighting Co., Llc | Fluid purification system with ultra violet light emitters |
| KR101160344B1 (en) | 2006-03-27 | 2012-06-26 | 니폰 쇼쿠바이 컴파니 리미티드 | Method for preparing water absorbing resin composition |
| MX2009005082A (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2009-10-13 | Atlantium Technologies Ltd | Method and apparatus for liquid disinfection using light transparent conduit. |
| US8414779B2 (en) | 2006-11-14 | 2013-04-09 | Atlantium Technologies Ltd. | Method and apparatus for liquid disinfection using light transparent conduit |
| US8529770B2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2013-09-10 | Water Of Life, Llc. | Self-contained UV-C purification system |
| US7862728B2 (en) | 2007-09-27 | 2011-01-04 | Water Of Life, Llc. | Ultraviolet water purification system |
| CA2629639C (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2015-09-08 | Todd Mcbride | Fluid diversion conduit |
| JP4977225B2 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2012-07-18 | 株式会社東芝 | UV water treatment equipment |
| DE102010047782B3 (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-01-12 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Flow rectifier for closed pipes |
| JP5575077B2 (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2014-08-20 | 株式会社東芝 | UV irradiation equipment |
| JP5575078B2 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2014-08-20 | 株式会社東芝 | UV irradiation equipment |
| CN103917788B (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2016-05-25 | 哈里伯顿能源服务公司 | There is the assembly that exits that the path of fluid is displaced to fluid diverter in two or more paths |
| JP2013184127A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-19 | Toshiba Corp | Water treatment apparatus using ultraviolet ray |
| KR101409969B1 (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-06-20 | 주식회사 파나시아 | A Ballast Water UV-rays Processing Device having Square Cross-section Shape |
| JP2014061462A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-04-10 | Toshiba Corp | Liquid treatment apparatus |
| RU2537651C2 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2015-01-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники имени Б.Е. Веденеева" | Method of conveying flow formation in main line |
| JP5687742B1 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-18 | 株式会社東芝 | UV irradiation equipment |
| JP5687744B1 (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-18 | 株式会社東芝 | UV irradiation equipment |
| JP5649703B1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2015-01-07 | 株式会社東芝 | UV irradiation equipment |
| JP2014140847A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-07 | Toshiba Corp | Ultraviolet irradiator |
| SK32016A3 (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-08-02 | Malad S.R.O. | Rectifier of symmetrical fluid flow in pipeline |
| CN106362175B (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2019-04-16 | 圆融健康科技（深圳）有限公司 | Fluid sterilizing unit |
| JP6721487B2 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2020-07-15 | メタウォーター株式会社 | Water treatment equipment |
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| US527680A (en) * | 1894-10-16 | Apparatus for making su lfu ric acid | ||
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| US3134655A (en) * | 1960-08-23 | 1964-05-26 | Du Pont | Apparatus and method for steampolymer separation |
| CH537208A (en) * | 1971-04-29 | 1973-07-13 | Sulzer Ag | Mixing device for flowable media |
| DE2130826A1 (en) * | 1971-06-22 | 1973-01-11 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | DEVICE FOR REDUCING AND EQUALIZATION |
| US3879939A (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1975-04-29 | United Aircraft Corp | Combustion inlet diffuser employing boundary layer flow straightening vanes |
| US4058141A (en) * | 1975-08-20 | 1977-11-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Supersonic flow diffuser with energy redistribution |
| US4119509A (en) * | 1976-06-11 | 1978-10-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for isotope separation from a gas stream |
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| CH659864A5 (en) * | 1982-06-23 | 1987-02-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | PERFORATED PLATE FOR COMPARISONING THE SPEED DISTRIBUTION IN A FLOW CHANNEL. |
| US4619138A (en) * | 1984-12-19 | 1986-10-28 | Buford Ohnhaus | Airflow measurement shroud |
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| CH687832A5 (en) * | 1993-04-08 | 1997-02-28 | Asea Brown Boveri | Fuel supply for combustion. |
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2001
- 2001-01-17 DE DE10101816A patent/DE10101816A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-07-16 US US10/195,313 patent/US6976508B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-16 CA CA002393593A patent/CA2393593A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016008803A1 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Nestec S.A. | Irradiation chamber for liquid purification apparatus, purification apparatus and beverage dispenser |
| US10427955B2 (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2019-10-01 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Irradiation chamber for liquid purification apparatus, purification apparatus and beverage dispenser |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6976508B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 |
| DE10101816A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
| US20040011414A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |