CA2393754C - Drilling bit for drilling while running casing - Google Patents
Drilling bit for drilling while running casing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2393754C CA2393754C CA002393754A CA2393754A CA2393754C CA 2393754 C CA2393754 C CA 2393754C CA 002393754 A CA002393754 A CA 002393754A CA 2393754 A CA2393754 A CA 2393754A CA 2393754 C CA2393754 C CA 2393754C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- drill bit
- nose
- hard
- bit
- drilling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001568665 Ocinebrellus inornatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- CNKHSLKYRMDDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N halofenozide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)N(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CNKHSLKYRMDDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
- E21B10/55—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits with preformed cutting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/14—Casing shoes for the protection of the bottom of the casing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
Abstract
A drill bit for drilling casing in a well bore. The drill bit is constructed from a combination of relatively soft and relatively hard materials. The proportions of the materials are selected such that the drill bit provides suitable cutting and boring of the well bore while being able to be drilled through by a subsequent drill bit. Methods of applying hard materials to a soft material body are provided.
Description
DRILLING BIT FOR DRILLING WHILE RUNNING CASING
2
3 The present invention relates to drilling tools as are
4 typically used for drilling well bores.
6 Conventionally, when drilling a well bore of the type used 7 in oil or gas production, a string of drill pipe having a 8 drill bit on the lower end thereof is advanced into the 9 ground. As the drill is advanced into the ground it encounters different rock formations, some of which may be 11 unstable. To minimise problems which may be incurred by 12 running the drill bit from one formation to another, it is 13 common practice to run the drill bit to a predetermined 14 depth, and then remove or "trip" the drill string from the bore. Structural casing, typically made of heavy steel 16 piping, is then lowered into the bore and cemented in place 17 when set. The casing acts as a lining within the bore, and 18 prevents collapse of the newly drilled bore or 19 contamination of the oil or gas reservoir.
21 As a consequences of having to carry out the above 22 procedure, the cost and time taken to drill a bore is 1 increased as it is necessary to perform a number of trips 2 down the well. It will be appreciated that at the 3 considerable depths reached during oil and gas production 4 the time taken to implement complex retrieval procedures to recover the drill string can be very long, and accordingly 6 the beginning of profitable production can be greatly 7 delayed.
9 An attempt has been made to mitigate this problem with the introduction of a procedure known as "drilling with 11 casing". This procedure relies on the attachment of a 12 drill bit to the actual casing string, so that the drill 13 bit functions not only to drill the earth formation, but 14 also to guide the casing into the well bore. This is advantageous as the casing is pulled into the bore by the 16 drill bit, and therefore negates the requirement of having 17 to retrieve the drill string and drill bit after reaching a 18 target depth to allow cementing.
While this procedure greatly increases the efficiency of 21 the drilling procedure, a further problem is encountered 22 when the casing is cemented upon reaching the desired 23 depth. The advantage of drilling with casing is that the 24 drill bit does not have to be retrieved from the well bore.
However as a result, should drilling to a greater depth be 26 required after cementing the casing, the subsequent drill 27 bit has to pass through the previous bit in order to 28 advance. This is extremely difficult as drill bits are 29 required to remove hard rock material and are accordingly very resistant and robust structures typically manufactured 31 from materials such as Tungsten Carbide or steel.
32 Attempting to drill through an old drill bit may result in 1 damaging the new drill bit, adversely affecting the 2 efficiency of any further drilling. Consequently, the 3 damaged drill bit would have to be retrieved from the bore 4 and replaced, and the time and cost advantage gained by using the drilling with casing procedure would be lost.
7 It would therefore be a distinct advantage to provide a 8 drill bit for use during drilling with casing which can 9 drill rock and earth formations but which can also be drilled through by another drill bit. The provision of a 11 drill bit which allows the passage of a subsequent drill 12 bit through it, would reduce the number of trips into a 13 well bore required during a normal drilling procedure and 14 minimise the risk of damaging any further drill bits introduced into the bore.
17 In our prior Patent Application PCT/GB99/01816 we have 18 suggested that the drill bit has hard drilling material 19 that may be moved away from the remaining body of the drill shoe prior to subsequent drilling through of the drill bit.
21 We have also proposed EP0815342, a drill bit or shoe having 22 hard drilling material placed only on the drill shoe or bit 23 at the peripheral circumference thereof, and specifically 24 only at the sides of the drill bit or shoe where the diameter is greater than the internal diameter of the 26 casing. The present invention is distinguished from both of 27 these teachings in that it provides for a drill shoe or bit 28 that has hard material within the area below the internal 29 boundaries cf the casing, and does nct require moving parts to be displaced before subsequent drilling through can be 31 commenced.
2 It is an object of the present invention to provide a drill 3 bit for use in a well bore which can drill earth and rock 4 formations and guide a casing string into a well bore simultaneously.
7 It is a further object of the present invention to provide 8 a drill bit for use in a well bore which is constructed 9 from a material which allows a second drill bit to drill through it.
12 It is a yet further object of the present invention to 13 provide a drill bit for use in a well bore which allows a 14 second drill bit to drill through it, such that the second drill bit is not damaged and can progress beyond the point 16 reached by the original drill bit within the well bore.
18 According to a first aspect of the present invention there 19 is provided a drill bit for drilling wi-7-h casing in a well bore, said drill bit being constructed from a combination 21 of a relatively soft material and a relatively hard 22 material, wherein the hard material is suitabie for cutting 23 earth or rock, and wherein the combination of materials is 24 in such proportion and in such arrar:gement to allow a subsequent further drill bit to drill through it.
27 Preferably the drill bit is substantially constructed from 28 the relatively soft material, wherein -~:ne relatively soft 29 material is adapted to be drilled through with a standard earth drill bit.
1 Preferably the drill bit is formed with a body having or 2 being associated with a nose portion upon which are cutting 3 members, wherein the body is made substantially from the 4 relatively soft material and at least the leading edge or
6 Conventionally, when drilling a well bore of the type used 7 in oil or gas production, a string of drill pipe having a 8 drill bit on the lower end thereof is advanced into the 9 ground. As the drill is advanced into the ground it encounters different rock formations, some of which may be 11 unstable. To minimise problems which may be incurred by 12 running the drill bit from one formation to another, it is 13 common practice to run the drill bit to a predetermined 14 depth, and then remove or "trip" the drill string from the bore. Structural casing, typically made of heavy steel 16 piping, is then lowered into the bore and cemented in place 17 when set. The casing acts as a lining within the bore, and 18 prevents collapse of the newly drilled bore or 19 contamination of the oil or gas reservoir.
21 As a consequences of having to carry out the above 22 procedure, the cost and time taken to drill a bore is 1 increased as it is necessary to perform a number of trips 2 down the well. It will be appreciated that at the 3 considerable depths reached during oil and gas production 4 the time taken to implement complex retrieval procedures to recover the drill string can be very long, and accordingly 6 the beginning of profitable production can be greatly 7 delayed.
9 An attempt has been made to mitigate this problem with the introduction of a procedure known as "drilling with 11 casing". This procedure relies on the attachment of a 12 drill bit to the actual casing string, so that the drill 13 bit functions not only to drill the earth formation, but 14 also to guide the casing into the well bore. This is advantageous as the casing is pulled into the bore by the 16 drill bit, and therefore negates the requirement of having 17 to retrieve the drill string and drill bit after reaching a 18 target depth to allow cementing.
While this procedure greatly increases the efficiency of 21 the drilling procedure, a further problem is encountered 22 when the casing is cemented upon reaching the desired 23 depth. The advantage of drilling with casing is that the 24 drill bit does not have to be retrieved from the well bore.
However as a result, should drilling to a greater depth be 26 required after cementing the casing, the subsequent drill 27 bit has to pass through the previous bit in order to 28 advance. This is extremely difficult as drill bits are 29 required to remove hard rock material and are accordingly very resistant and robust structures typically manufactured 31 from materials such as Tungsten Carbide or steel.
32 Attempting to drill through an old drill bit may result in 1 damaging the new drill bit, adversely affecting the 2 efficiency of any further drilling. Consequently, the 3 damaged drill bit would have to be retrieved from the bore 4 and replaced, and the time and cost advantage gained by using the drilling with casing procedure would be lost.
7 It would therefore be a distinct advantage to provide a 8 drill bit for use during drilling with casing which can 9 drill rock and earth formations but which can also be drilled through by another drill bit. The provision of a 11 drill bit which allows the passage of a subsequent drill 12 bit through it, would reduce the number of trips into a 13 well bore required during a normal drilling procedure and 14 minimise the risk of damaging any further drill bits introduced into the bore.
17 In our prior Patent Application PCT/GB99/01816 we have 18 suggested that the drill bit has hard drilling material 19 that may be moved away from the remaining body of the drill shoe prior to subsequent drilling through of the drill bit.
21 We have also proposed EP0815342, a drill bit or shoe having 22 hard drilling material placed only on the drill shoe or bit 23 at the peripheral circumference thereof, and specifically 24 only at the sides of the drill bit or shoe where the diameter is greater than the internal diameter of the 26 casing. The present invention is distinguished from both of 27 these teachings in that it provides for a drill shoe or bit 28 that has hard material within the area below the internal 29 boundaries cf the casing, and does nct require moving parts to be displaced before subsequent drilling through can be 31 commenced.
2 It is an object of the present invention to provide a drill 3 bit for use in a well bore which can drill earth and rock 4 formations and guide a casing string into a well bore simultaneously.
7 It is a further object of the present invention to provide 8 a drill bit for use in a well bore which is constructed 9 from a material which allows a second drill bit to drill through it.
12 It is a yet further object of the present invention to 13 provide a drill bit for use in a well bore which allows a 14 second drill bit to drill through it, such that the second drill bit is not damaged and can progress beyond the point 16 reached by the original drill bit within the well bore.
18 According to a first aspect of the present invention there 19 is provided a drill bit for drilling wi-7-h casing in a well bore, said drill bit being constructed from a combination 21 of a relatively soft material and a relatively hard 22 material, wherein the hard material is suitabie for cutting 23 earth or rock, and wherein the combination of materials is 24 in such proportion and in such arrar:gement to allow a subsequent further drill bit to drill through it.
27 Preferably the drill bit is substantially constructed from 28 the relatively soft material, wherein -~:ne relatively soft 29 material is adapted to be drilled through with a standard earth drill bit.
1 Preferably the drill bit is formed with a body having or 2 being associated with a nose portion upon which are cutting 3 members, wherein the body is made substantially from the 4 relatively soft material and at least the leading edge or
5 cutting surface of each cutting member is made from the
6 hard material.
7
8 Preferably the hard wearing material is a hard material
9 such as tungsten carbide or a superhard material such as diamond composite or cubic boron nitride although any other 11 suitable material may be used.
13 Preferably the soft, drillable material is aluminium.
14 Alternatively the soft drillable material is copper or brass alloy, although any other suitable material could be 16 used.
18 There may be a plurality of soft materials and there may be 19 a plurality of hard materials.
21 In one possible embodiment the nose is directly coated with 22 the hard wearing material.
24 Optionally the coating is a continuous layer or film that covers the surface of the nose.
27 Alternatively the coating is non-continuous, such that the 28 nose is afforded areas which are not coated by the hard 29 wearing material, wherein upon rotation of the drill bit the cumulative effect of the coated areas gives complete 31 circumferential coverage of the dimensions of the drilled 32 hole.
2 Alternatively the coating may be applied to an intermediate 3 which is amenable to the nose of the drill bit.
Preferably the intermediate is nickel.
7 The intermediate may be attached to the nose prior to 8 coating with the hard wearing material. Optionally the 9 intermediate may be coated with the hard wearing material prior to attachment to the nose.
12 In a second embodiment the hard wearing material is applied 13 to the nose in the form of preformed elements wherein the 14 cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the nose and so act as a coating thereof.
17 The preformed elements may be chips or fragments of the 18 hard material.
The preformed elements of the hard material may be directly 21 applied to the nose.
23 Alternatively the preformed elements of hard material are 24 applied to the nose following the application of an amenable intermediate material to the nose or the preformed 26 elements.
28 Preferably the amenable intermediate material is nickel 29 substrate.
1 The preformed elements may be attached to the nose by 2 standard techniques such as brazing, welding or shrink 3 fitting.
Optionally the preformed elements have a re-enforced 6 structure to aid drilling of hard formations. Where the 7 preformed elements have a re-enforced structure, preferably 8 the preformed elements are pre-weakened prior to attachment 9 to the nose in order to allow fracture of the preformed elements upon drilling.
12 Preferably the drill bit may also comprise a plurality of 13 flow ports to allow fluid bypass and lubrication of the 14 bit.
16 Preferably the drill bit also comprises a stabiliser or 17 centraliser.
19 Preferably the drill bit also comprises reaming members.
21 According to a third aspect of the present invention there 22 is provided a method of fixing a hard or super hard wearing 23 material to a drill bit nose made of a soft drillable 24 material, wherein a jet is used to blow gases at very high speeds towards a cast of the nose and particles of the hard 26 or superhard wearing material are introduced into the gas 27 stream, wherein the kinetic energy of the procedure is 28 converted to thermal energy which welds the particles to 29 the nose.
31 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there 32 is provided a method for fixing a hard or superhard wearing material to a drill bit nose made of a soft drillable material, wherein particles of the hard or superhard wearing material are placed within a mould and thereafter the soft drillable material is poured in molten form into the mould, such that on cooling -said hard or superhard wearing particles are set in situ.
Alternatively the hard wearing material can be fixed to the nose by a standard technique such as brazing, welding and electroplating.
In another aspect, the invention provides a drill bit for drilling with casing in a well bore, the drill bit being constructed from a combination of a relatively soft material and a relatively hard material, wherein the hard material is suitable for cutting earth and rock, wherein the combination of materials is in such a proportion and in such arrangement to allow a subsequent further drill bit, suitable for cutting earth and rock, to drill through the drill bit, and wherein the drill bit comprises a nose of relatively soft material, and cutters of relatively hard material attached to the nose, wherein the nose is constructed from aluminium, copper, or brass alloy, and a bonding material is provided intermediate the nose and the cutters that is different to, but amenable to, the material of the nose.
8a According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a drill bit for drilling with casing in a wellbore, comprising:
a nose; and cutting members disposed on the nose and made from a combination of a relatively soft base material, a relatively soft intermediate material, and a relatively hard material, wherein:
the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the combination of materials is in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a standard earth drill bit to drill through said drill bit without substantially damaging said standard earth bit;
the cutting members are substantially made from the base material;
the intermediate material is amenable to the base material and disposed between the hard material and the base material;
the hard material is applied to the cutting members as preformed elements;
the cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the cutting members, thereby acting as a coating thereof; and the preformed elements are chips or fragments of the hard material.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a drill bit for drilling with casing in a wellbore comprising:
a nose;
cutting members disposed on the nose, and being made from a combination of a relatively soft base material and a relatively soft bonding material, the cutting members 8b having preformed elements made from a relatively hard material; wherein the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the cutting members are made substantially from the base material; and the bonding material is disposed on at least a leading edge or cutting surface of each cutting member between the hard material and the base material so that, when the nose is drilled through by a standard earth bit, the bonding material will not substantially impede separation of the preformed elements, thereby allowing the standard earth bit to drill through the drill bit without substantially damaging the standard earth bit.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a drill bit for drilling with casing in a wellbore, comprising:
a nose; and cutting members disposed on the nose and made from a combination of a relatively soft base material, a relatively soft intermediate material, and a relatively hard material, wherein:
the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the combination of materials is in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a standard earth drill bit to drill through said drill bit without substantially damaging said standard earth bit;
the cutting members are substantially made from the base material, and the intermediate material is amenable to the base material and disposed between the hard material and the base material;
8c the hard material is applied to the cutting members as preformed elements, the cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the cutting members, thereby acting as a coating thereof, and the preformed elements have a reinforced structure to aid drilling of hard formations.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for casing-while-drilling a well bore through earth and rock, comprising:
attaching a first drill bit to a string of casing, the first drill bit being constructed from a combination of a relatively soft material and a superhard material that is suitable for cutting the earth and rock, the combination of materials being in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a subsequent second drill bit, suitable for cutting the earth and rock, to drill through the first drill bit, and the first drill bit comprising a nose of the relatively soft material, with the superhard material attached thereto;
drilling the well bore through the earth and rock with the first drill bit on the casing; and subsequently running the second drill bit inside the casing within the well bore and drilling through the first drill bit with the second drill bit;
characterised in that:
a) the soft material is aluminium, copper or brass alloy;
b) an intermediate material that is different to, but amenable to, the soft material is provided between the nose and the superhard material, and 8d c) at least some of the superhard material is located within the projection of the internal circumference of the casing on the nose.
In order to provide a better understanding of the invention, example embodiments of the invention will now be illustrated with reference to the following Figures in which;
Figure 1 illustrates a drill bit in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is an elevated view of the top of the drill bit;
Figure 3 illustrates an individual cutting member isolated from the drill bit.
Figure 4 illustrates an elevated view of the top of an alternative embodiment of a drill bit in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 5 illustrates a pre-formed element for attaching to the nose portion of a.drill bit.
1 Referring firstly to Figure 1, a drill bit generally 2 depicted at 1, is comprised of a cylindrical body 2, that 3 can be mounted on the lower end of a casing string (not 4 shown) via a thread end connection 3 that can mate with the casing. The drill bit 1 is further comprised of a 6 plurality of cutting members 4 which are fixed to the 7 opposite end of the body 2 to the thread end connection 3, 8 namely the nose end S. The cutting members 4 extend out 9 from the nose end 5.
11 The nose 5 and cutting members 4 are constructed from a 12 material such as aluminium, copper or brass alloy which is 13 soft enough to allow the aforementioned nose 5 and members 14 4 to be drilled through by a second and subsequent drill bit (not shown) . The cutting members 4 are substantially 16 covered by a relatively hard material 6 typically being a 17 hard material such as tungsten carbide or a superhard 18 material such as diamond composite or cubic boron nitride.
19 In the depicted embodiment the relatively hard material 6 is located at the "leading edge" of the cutting member 4.
21 In this respect the "leading edge" refers to the side of 22 the cutting member 4 which directly contacts the ground or 23 rock upon rotation of the drill bit 1. It is recognised 24 that whilst in the depicted embodiments the hard wearing material is afforded to the leading edge of one or more 26 cutting members 4 on the drill bit 1, the invention is not 27 limited to this configuration. For exampie the hard 28 wearing material may be applied to the nose 5 in an 29 embodiment having no cutting members 4 or may be applied to the whole surface of the cutting members 4.
1 The relatively hard material 6 may be applied to the 2 cutting members 4 or nose 5 as a coating, that is as a 3 layer or film. In one embodiment a continuous layer of the 4 material 6 may cover the entire surface of the nose 5, or 5 the cutting members 4. Alternatively a non-continuous 6 layer of the material may coat the nose 5 or cutting 7 members 4. In this instance, the surface of the nose 5 or 8 cutting members 4 will comprise areas that are not coated.
9 However, upon rotation of the drill bit 1, the cumulative
13 Preferably the soft, drillable material is aluminium.
14 Alternatively the soft drillable material is copper or brass alloy, although any other suitable material could be 16 used.
18 There may be a plurality of soft materials and there may be 19 a plurality of hard materials.
21 In one possible embodiment the nose is directly coated with 22 the hard wearing material.
24 Optionally the coating is a continuous layer or film that covers the surface of the nose.
27 Alternatively the coating is non-continuous, such that the 28 nose is afforded areas which are not coated by the hard 29 wearing material, wherein upon rotation of the drill bit the cumulative effect of the coated areas gives complete 31 circumferential coverage of the dimensions of the drilled 32 hole.
2 Alternatively the coating may be applied to an intermediate 3 which is amenable to the nose of the drill bit.
Preferably the intermediate is nickel.
7 The intermediate may be attached to the nose prior to 8 coating with the hard wearing material. Optionally the 9 intermediate may be coated with the hard wearing material prior to attachment to the nose.
12 In a second embodiment the hard wearing material is applied 13 to the nose in the form of preformed elements wherein the 14 cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the nose and so act as a coating thereof.
17 The preformed elements may be chips or fragments of the 18 hard material.
The preformed elements of the hard material may be directly 21 applied to the nose.
23 Alternatively the preformed elements of hard material are 24 applied to the nose following the application of an amenable intermediate material to the nose or the preformed 26 elements.
28 Preferably the amenable intermediate material is nickel 29 substrate.
1 The preformed elements may be attached to the nose by 2 standard techniques such as brazing, welding or shrink 3 fitting.
Optionally the preformed elements have a re-enforced 6 structure to aid drilling of hard formations. Where the 7 preformed elements have a re-enforced structure, preferably 8 the preformed elements are pre-weakened prior to attachment 9 to the nose in order to allow fracture of the preformed elements upon drilling.
12 Preferably the drill bit may also comprise a plurality of 13 flow ports to allow fluid bypass and lubrication of the 14 bit.
16 Preferably the drill bit also comprises a stabiliser or 17 centraliser.
19 Preferably the drill bit also comprises reaming members.
21 According to a third aspect of the present invention there 22 is provided a method of fixing a hard or super hard wearing 23 material to a drill bit nose made of a soft drillable 24 material, wherein a jet is used to blow gases at very high speeds towards a cast of the nose and particles of the hard 26 or superhard wearing material are introduced into the gas 27 stream, wherein the kinetic energy of the procedure is 28 converted to thermal energy which welds the particles to 29 the nose.
31 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there 32 is provided a method for fixing a hard or superhard wearing material to a drill bit nose made of a soft drillable material, wherein particles of the hard or superhard wearing material are placed within a mould and thereafter the soft drillable material is poured in molten form into the mould, such that on cooling -said hard or superhard wearing particles are set in situ.
Alternatively the hard wearing material can be fixed to the nose by a standard technique such as brazing, welding and electroplating.
In another aspect, the invention provides a drill bit for drilling with casing in a well bore, the drill bit being constructed from a combination of a relatively soft material and a relatively hard material, wherein the hard material is suitable for cutting earth and rock, wherein the combination of materials is in such a proportion and in such arrangement to allow a subsequent further drill bit, suitable for cutting earth and rock, to drill through the drill bit, and wherein the drill bit comprises a nose of relatively soft material, and cutters of relatively hard material attached to the nose, wherein the nose is constructed from aluminium, copper, or brass alloy, and a bonding material is provided intermediate the nose and the cutters that is different to, but amenable to, the material of the nose.
8a According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a drill bit for drilling with casing in a wellbore, comprising:
a nose; and cutting members disposed on the nose and made from a combination of a relatively soft base material, a relatively soft intermediate material, and a relatively hard material, wherein:
the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the combination of materials is in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a standard earth drill bit to drill through said drill bit without substantially damaging said standard earth bit;
the cutting members are substantially made from the base material;
the intermediate material is amenable to the base material and disposed between the hard material and the base material;
the hard material is applied to the cutting members as preformed elements;
the cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the cutting members, thereby acting as a coating thereof; and the preformed elements are chips or fragments of the hard material.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a drill bit for drilling with casing in a wellbore comprising:
a nose;
cutting members disposed on the nose, and being made from a combination of a relatively soft base material and a relatively soft bonding material, the cutting members 8b having preformed elements made from a relatively hard material; wherein the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the cutting members are made substantially from the base material; and the bonding material is disposed on at least a leading edge or cutting surface of each cutting member between the hard material and the base material so that, when the nose is drilled through by a standard earth bit, the bonding material will not substantially impede separation of the preformed elements, thereby allowing the standard earth bit to drill through the drill bit without substantially damaging the standard earth bit.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a drill bit for drilling with casing in a wellbore, comprising:
a nose; and cutting members disposed on the nose and made from a combination of a relatively soft base material, a relatively soft intermediate material, and a relatively hard material, wherein:
the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the combination of materials is in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a standard earth drill bit to drill through said drill bit without substantially damaging said standard earth bit;
the cutting members are substantially made from the base material, and the intermediate material is amenable to the base material and disposed between the hard material and the base material;
8c the hard material is applied to the cutting members as preformed elements, the cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the cutting members, thereby acting as a coating thereof, and the preformed elements have a reinforced structure to aid drilling of hard formations.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for casing-while-drilling a well bore through earth and rock, comprising:
attaching a first drill bit to a string of casing, the first drill bit being constructed from a combination of a relatively soft material and a superhard material that is suitable for cutting the earth and rock, the combination of materials being in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a subsequent second drill bit, suitable for cutting the earth and rock, to drill through the first drill bit, and the first drill bit comprising a nose of the relatively soft material, with the superhard material attached thereto;
drilling the well bore through the earth and rock with the first drill bit on the casing; and subsequently running the second drill bit inside the casing within the well bore and drilling through the first drill bit with the second drill bit;
characterised in that:
a) the soft material is aluminium, copper or brass alloy;
b) an intermediate material that is different to, but amenable to, the soft material is provided between the nose and the superhard material, and 8d c) at least some of the superhard material is located within the projection of the internal circumference of the casing on the nose.
In order to provide a better understanding of the invention, example embodiments of the invention will now be illustrated with reference to the following Figures in which;
Figure 1 illustrates a drill bit in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is an elevated view of the top of the drill bit;
Figure 3 illustrates an individual cutting member isolated from the drill bit.
Figure 4 illustrates an elevated view of the top of an alternative embodiment of a drill bit in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 5 illustrates a pre-formed element for attaching to the nose portion of a.drill bit.
1 Referring firstly to Figure 1, a drill bit generally 2 depicted at 1, is comprised of a cylindrical body 2, that 3 can be mounted on the lower end of a casing string (not 4 shown) via a thread end connection 3 that can mate with the casing. The drill bit 1 is further comprised of a 6 plurality of cutting members 4 which are fixed to the 7 opposite end of the body 2 to the thread end connection 3, 8 namely the nose end S. The cutting members 4 extend out 9 from the nose end 5.
11 The nose 5 and cutting members 4 are constructed from a 12 material such as aluminium, copper or brass alloy which is 13 soft enough to allow the aforementioned nose 5 and members 14 4 to be drilled through by a second and subsequent drill bit (not shown) . The cutting members 4 are substantially 16 covered by a relatively hard material 6 typically being a 17 hard material such as tungsten carbide or a superhard 18 material such as diamond composite or cubic boron nitride.
19 In the depicted embodiment the relatively hard material 6 is located at the "leading edge" of the cutting member 4.
21 In this respect the "leading edge" refers to the side of 22 the cutting member 4 which directly contacts the ground or 23 rock upon rotation of the drill bit 1. It is recognised 24 that whilst in the depicted embodiments the hard wearing material is afforded to the leading edge of one or more 26 cutting members 4 on the drill bit 1, the invention is not 27 limited to this configuration. For exampie the hard 28 wearing material may be applied to the nose 5 in an 29 embodiment having no cutting members 4 or may be applied to the whole surface of the cutting members 4.
1 The relatively hard material 6 may be applied to the 2 cutting members 4 or nose 5 as a coating, that is as a 3 layer or film. In one embodiment a continuous layer of the 4 material 6 may cover the entire surface of the nose 5, or 5 the cutting members 4. Alternatively a non-continuous 6 layer of the material may coat the nose 5 or cutting 7 members 4. In this instance, the surface of the nose 5 or 8 cutting members 4 will comprise areas that are not coated.
9 However, upon rotation of the drill bit 1, the cumulative
10 effect of the coated areas will be complete circumferential
11 coverage of the inside diameter of the casing in which the
12 drill bit is located.
13
14 It is recognised in the present invention that direct application of some coatings to the nose material may not 16 be practical. For example, extremely hard tungsten carbide 17 particles cannot be applied to the preferred nose materials 18 (e.g. aluminium or copper) by lasercarb welding. This 19 material can be applied to soft nickel, however machining said drill bit 1 entirely from nickel would be unduly 21 expensive. Therefore in an alternative embodiment, a 22 coating of the hard material 6 is applied to an 23 intermediate, typically being nickel substrate, which is 24 then attached to the nose 5 of the drill bit 1.
Alternatively the nickel substrate can be attached to the 26 nose 5 prior to coating.
28 In a further embodiment preformed elements of the hard or 29 superhard material 6 are applied to the nose 5 or cutting members 4 of the drill bit 1 in place of a coating cf film.
31 Said preformed elements may be chips, or fragments of the 32 hard material 6. Typically the culmative effect of the 1 preformed elements is to cover the surface of the nose 5 or 2 the cutting members 4 and so act as a coating thereof. The 3 preformed elements may be directly applied to the nose 5 or 4 cutting members 4 or may be applied after applying an amenable material either to the nose 5 or cutting members 4 6 or the preformed element itself. The amenable material is 7 typically nickel substrate.
9 The layout of cutting members 4 can be seen more clearly in Figure 2 which shows the nose end 5, viewed from above, and 11 in Figure 3 which shows an individual cutting member 4. It 12 can be seen in Figure 3 that the cutting means 6 has teeth 13 formations 10 which allow any "chips" of material remaining 14 in the well bore to pass through the blade structure.
16 The nose 5 further comprises flow by areas 7 that allow 17 fluid circulated within the well bore to lubricate the 18 surfaces of the bit 1. The body 2 also comprises a 19 stabiliser or centraliser 9 which maintains the drill bit in the centre of the well bore, and reaming members 8, 21 which function to remove any irregularities or obstructions 22 from the wall of the bore.
24 In use, the drill bit 1, is run into a well bore (not shown) from the surface, typically whilst being rotated.
26 The drill bit 1 pulls a casing string (not shown) as it is 27 advanced into the newly formed well bore to a predetermined 28 depth. Upon reaching this depth, the casing is cemented to 29 strengthen the lining of the bore. If drilling beyond this first assembly is required, a second drill bit of a smaller 31 diameter to the first is run into the well inside the 32 casing string from the surface.
2 Upon reaching the first assembly, the new drill bit can 3 drill through the soft drillable material of the original 4 drill bit 1 and cutting members 4, and therefore can proceed to a point beyond the depth reached by the original 6 drill bit 1 within the well bore. The hard or super hard 7 material 6 fixed to the cutting members 4 of the original 8 drill bit 1 disintegrate into shavings when drilled. The 9 shavings released into the well bore when the original bit 1 is drilled through do not obstruct the bore and are 11 therefore not detrimental to the subsequent drilling 12 process. In this manner a further section of the bore can 13 be drilled beyond the previously attained depth without 14 damage to the new drill bit and without needing to retrieve the first assembly from the bore.
17 When used for drilling through harder formations a thicker 18 section of the preformed element will be required. However 19 it will be appreciated that in such an instance, said preformed elements would not be driilable. Thereby in the 21 event that a thicker element is required, said elemer.t is 22 typically pre-weakened prior to attachment to the nose 5 or 23 cutting members 4. In this manner, the elements will have 24 the attributes of high stiffness whilst drilling but low resistance to fracture whilst being drilled. The pre-26 formed elements can then be applied directly to the nose 5 27 or cutting members 4 by brazing or shrink-fitting or could 28 be attached to an amenable material, typically r.ickel 29 substrate.
31 A first method for fixing the hard or suberhard mater_al 6 32 is now outlined. A jet is used to blow gases at verv high 1 speeds towards a cast or block of the cutting member 4 or 2 nose 5, and which is made from the soft, drillable 3 material. Typically a speed in the region of Mach 2 is 4 used. Very fine particles of the hard or superhard wearing material are introduced into the gas stream. The resulting 6 kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy in the 7 particles, and accordingly the heated particles "weld" to 8 the leading edge of the cast or block therefore forming a 9 thin layer or film.
11 It will be appreciated that the abovedescribed method could 12 be used with particles of the hard or superhard material, 13 or with intermediates coated by the hard or super hard 14 material or with preformed elements as described above.
16 An alternative method for fixing preformed hard or 17 superhard particles to the cutting members 4 is to place 18 them within a drill mould. Molten drillable soft material 19 that will eventually become the nose 5 of the drill bit 1 is then poured into the mould. On cooling the metal 21 provides a drill bit 1 that has the hard or superhard 22 particles set in situ.
24 The present invention is inherent with significant advantages in that the time taken for the drilling 26 operation can be greatly reduced as there is no need to 27 implement complex and timely retrieval operations to 28 recover apparatus from the bore. As a result the 29 profitable stage of production can be begin much sooner.
31 A further advantage, is that unlike the drill bits known to 32 the art, the drill bit of the present invention is 1 drillable by another drill bit and the risk of damage to 2 the second drill bit is therefore reduced. Furthermore as 3 the cutting means of the cutting members consist of fine 4 layers or cutting elements formed from hard material, they disintegrate into shavings upon drilling and therefore do 6 not act as an obstruction to any subsequent apparatus that 7 is advanced into the well.
9 Further modifications and improvements may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the invention herein 11 intended.
Alternatively the nickel substrate can be attached to the 26 nose 5 prior to coating.
28 In a further embodiment preformed elements of the hard or 29 superhard material 6 are applied to the nose 5 or cutting members 4 of the drill bit 1 in place of a coating cf film.
31 Said preformed elements may be chips, or fragments of the 32 hard material 6. Typically the culmative effect of the 1 preformed elements is to cover the surface of the nose 5 or 2 the cutting members 4 and so act as a coating thereof. The 3 preformed elements may be directly applied to the nose 5 or 4 cutting members 4 or may be applied after applying an amenable material either to the nose 5 or cutting members 4 6 or the preformed element itself. The amenable material is 7 typically nickel substrate.
9 The layout of cutting members 4 can be seen more clearly in Figure 2 which shows the nose end 5, viewed from above, and 11 in Figure 3 which shows an individual cutting member 4. It 12 can be seen in Figure 3 that the cutting means 6 has teeth 13 formations 10 which allow any "chips" of material remaining 14 in the well bore to pass through the blade structure.
16 The nose 5 further comprises flow by areas 7 that allow 17 fluid circulated within the well bore to lubricate the 18 surfaces of the bit 1. The body 2 also comprises a 19 stabiliser or centraliser 9 which maintains the drill bit in the centre of the well bore, and reaming members 8, 21 which function to remove any irregularities or obstructions 22 from the wall of the bore.
24 In use, the drill bit 1, is run into a well bore (not shown) from the surface, typically whilst being rotated.
26 The drill bit 1 pulls a casing string (not shown) as it is 27 advanced into the newly formed well bore to a predetermined 28 depth. Upon reaching this depth, the casing is cemented to 29 strengthen the lining of the bore. If drilling beyond this first assembly is required, a second drill bit of a smaller 31 diameter to the first is run into the well inside the 32 casing string from the surface.
2 Upon reaching the first assembly, the new drill bit can 3 drill through the soft drillable material of the original 4 drill bit 1 and cutting members 4, and therefore can proceed to a point beyond the depth reached by the original 6 drill bit 1 within the well bore. The hard or super hard 7 material 6 fixed to the cutting members 4 of the original 8 drill bit 1 disintegrate into shavings when drilled. The 9 shavings released into the well bore when the original bit 1 is drilled through do not obstruct the bore and are 11 therefore not detrimental to the subsequent drilling 12 process. In this manner a further section of the bore can 13 be drilled beyond the previously attained depth without 14 damage to the new drill bit and without needing to retrieve the first assembly from the bore.
17 When used for drilling through harder formations a thicker 18 section of the preformed element will be required. However 19 it will be appreciated that in such an instance, said preformed elements would not be driilable. Thereby in the 21 event that a thicker element is required, said elemer.t is 22 typically pre-weakened prior to attachment to the nose 5 or 23 cutting members 4. In this manner, the elements will have 24 the attributes of high stiffness whilst drilling but low resistance to fracture whilst being drilled. The pre-26 formed elements can then be applied directly to the nose 5 27 or cutting members 4 by brazing or shrink-fitting or could 28 be attached to an amenable material, typically r.ickel 29 substrate.
31 A first method for fixing the hard or suberhard mater_al 6 32 is now outlined. A jet is used to blow gases at verv high 1 speeds towards a cast or block of the cutting member 4 or 2 nose 5, and which is made from the soft, drillable 3 material. Typically a speed in the region of Mach 2 is 4 used. Very fine particles of the hard or superhard wearing material are introduced into the gas stream. The resulting 6 kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy in the 7 particles, and accordingly the heated particles "weld" to 8 the leading edge of the cast or block therefore forming a 9 thin layer or film.
11 It will be appreciated that the abovedescribed method could 12 be used with particles of the hard or superhard material, 13 or with intermediates coated by the hard or super hard 14 material or with preformed elements as described above.
16 An alternative method for fixing preformed hard or 17 superhard particles to the cutting members 4 is to place 18 them within a drill mould. Molten drillable soft material 19 that will eventually become the nose 5 of the drill bit 1 is then poured into the mould. On cooling the metal 21 provides a drill bit 1 that has the hard or superhard 22 particles set in situ.
24 The present invention is inherent with significant advantages in that the time taken for the drilling 26 operation can be greatly reduced as there is no need to 27 implement complex and timely retrieval operations to 28 recover apparatus from the bore. As a result the 29 profitable stage of production can be begin much sooner.
31 A further advantage, is that unlike the drill bits known to 32 the art, the drill bit of the present invention is 1 drillable by another drill bit and the risk of damage to 2 the second drill bit is therefore reduced. Furthermore as 3 the cutting means of the cutting members consist of fine 4 layers or cutting elements formed from hard material, they disintegrate into shavings upon drilling and therefore do 6 not act as an obstruction to any subsequent apparatus that 7 is advanced into the well.
9 Further modifications and improvements may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the invention herein 11 intended.
Claims (43)
1. A drill bit for drilling with casing in a wellbore, comprising:
a nose; and cutting members disposed on the nose and made from a combination of a relatively soft base material, a relatively soft intermediate material, and a relatively hard material, wherein:
the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the combination of materials is in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a standard earth drill bit to drill through said drill bit without substantially damaging said standard earth bit;
the cutting members are substantially made from the base material;
the intermediate material is amenable to the base material and disposed between the hard material and the base material;
the hard material is applied to the cutting members as preformed elements;
the cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the cutting members, thereby acting as a coating thereof; and the preformed elements are chips or fragments of the hard material.
a nose; and cutting members disposed on the nose and made from a combination of a relatively soft base material, a relatively soft intermediate material, and a relatively hard material, wherein:
the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the combination of materials is in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a standard earth drill bit to drill through said drill bit without substantially damaging said standard earth bit;
the cutting members are substantially made from the base material;
the intermediate material is amenable to the base material and disposed between the hard material and the base material;
the hard material is applied to the cutting members as preformed elements;
the cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the cutting members, thereby acting as a coating thereof; and the preformed elements are chips or fragments of the hard material.
2. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the cutting members are disposed proximate to a centre of the nose.
3. The drill bit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the nose further comprises a flow port.
4. The drill bit of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the nose is a one piece nose.
5. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a body, wherein the nose is disposed on the body and the body is made substantially from the relatively soft material.
6. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hard material is selected from one of tungsten carbide, diamond composite and cubic boron nitride.
7. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the base material is selected from one of aluminium, copper and brass alloy.
8. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, having a plurality of base materials.
9. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, having a plurality of hard materials.
10. The drill bit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating is a continuous layer or film.
11. The drill bit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating is non-continuous, such that surfaces of the drill bit are afforded areas which are not coated by the hard material, wherein upon rotation of the drill bit, the cumulative effect of the coated areas gives complete circumferential coverage of the dimensions of the drilled wellbore.
12. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the intermediate material is nickel.
13. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the intermediate material is brass.
14. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the preformed elements have a reinforced structure to aid drilling of hard formations.
15. The drill bit as claimed in claim 14, wherein the preformed elements are pre-weakened prior to attachment to the nose in order to allow fracture of the preformed elements upon drilling.
16. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising a plurality of flow ports to allow fluid bypass and lubrication of the bit.
17. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising a stabilizer or centralizer.
18. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising reaming members.
19. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the intermediate material and the hard material are disposed on at least a leading edge or cutting surface of each cutting member.
20. A drill bit for drilling with casing in a wellbore comprising:
a nose;
cutting members disposed on the nose, and being made from a combination of a relatively soft base material and a relatively soft bonding material, the cutting members having preformed elements made from a relatively hard material; wherein the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the cutting members are made substantially from the base material; and the bonding material is disposed on at least a leading edge or cutting surface of each cutting member between the hard material and the base material so that, when the nose is drilled through by a standard earth bit, the bonding material will not substantially impede separation of the preformed elements, thereby allowing the standard earth bit to drill through the drill bit without substantially damaging the standard earth bit.
a nose;
cutting members disposed on the nose, and being made from a combination of a relatively soft base material and a relatively soft bonding material, the cutting members having preformed elements made from a relatively hard material; wherein the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the cutting members are made substantially from the base material; and the bonding material is disposed on at least a leading edge or cutting surface of each cutting member between the hard material and the base material so that, when the nose is drilled through by a standard earth bit, the bonding material will not substantially impede separation of the preformed elements, thereby allowing the standard earth bit to drill through the drill bit without substantially damaging the standard earth bit.
21. The drill bit as claimed in claim 20, wherein the bonding material is nickel or brass.
22. The drill bit as claimed in claim 20 or 21, wherein the cutting members are disposed proximate to a centre of the nose.
23. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 20, 21 or 22, wherein the hard material is selected from one of tungsten carbide, diamond composite and cubic boron nitride.
24. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the base material is selected from one of aluminium, copper, and brass alloy.
25. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the preformed elements have a reinforced structure to aid drilling of hard formations.
26. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 25, wherein the preformed elements are pre-weakened prior to attachment to the nose in order to allow fracture of the preformed elements upon drill through by the standard earth bit.
27. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 26, further comprising a stabilizer or centralizer.
28. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 27, further comprising reaming members.
29. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 28, wherein the nose further comprises a flow port.
30. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 29, wherein the bonding material is nickel.
31. The drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 30, further comprising a body, wherein the nose is disposed on the body and the body is made substantially from the base material.
32. A drill bit for drilling with casing in a wellbore, comprising:
a nose; and cutting members disposed on the nose and made from a combination of a relatively soft base material, a relatively soft intermediate material, and a relatively hard material, wherein:
the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the combination of materials is in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a standard earth drill bit to drill through said drill bit without substantially damaging said standard earth bit;
the cutting members are substantially made from the base material, and the intermediate material is amenable to the base material and disposed between the hard material and the base material;
the hard material is applied to the cutting members as preformed elements, the cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the cutting members, thereby acting as a coating thereof, and the preformed elements have a reinforced structure to aid drilling of hard formations.
a nose; and cutting members disposed on the nose and made from a combination of a relatively soft base material, a relatively soft intermediate material, and a relatively hard material, wherein:
the hard material is suitable for cutting earth or rock;
the combination of materials is in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a standard earth drill bit to drill through said drill bit without substantially damaging said standard earth bit;
the cutting members are substantially made from the base material, and the intermediate material is amenable to the base material and disposed between the hard material and the base material;
the hard material is applied to the cutting members as preformed elements, the cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the cutting members, thereby acting as a coating thereof, and the preformed elements have a reinforced structure to aid drilling of hard formations.
33. A method for casing-while-drilling a well bore through earth and rock, comprising:
attaching a first drill bit to a string of casing, the first drill bit being constructed from a combination of a relatively soft material and a superhard material that is suitable for cutting the earth and rock, the combination of materials being in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a subsequent second drill bit, suitable for cutting the earth and rock, to drill through the first drill bit, and the first drill bit comprising a nose of the relatively soft material, with the superhard material attached thereto;
drilling the well bore through the earth and rock with the first drill bit on the casing; and subsequently running the second drill bit inside the casing within the well bore and drilling through the first drill bit with the second drill bit;
characterised in that:
a) the soft material is aluminium, copper or brass alloy;
b) an intermediate material that is different to, but amenable to, the soft material is provided between the nose and the superhard material, and c) at least some of the superhard material is located within the projection of the internal circumference of the casing on the nose.
attaching a first drill bit to a string of casing, the first drill bit being constructed from a combination of a relatively soft material and a superhard material that is suitable for cutting the earth and rock, the combination of materials being in such proportion and in such arrangement to allow a subsequent second drill bit, suitable for cutting the earth and rock, to drill through the first drill bit, and the first drill bit comprising a nose of the relatively soft material, with the superhard material attached thereto;
drilling the well bore through the earth and rock with the first drill bit on the casing; and subsequently running the second drill bit inside the casing within the well bore and drilling through the first drill bit with the second drill bit;
characterised in that:
a) the soft material is aluminium, copper or brass alloy;
b) an intermediate material that is different to, but amenable to, the soft material is provided between the nose and the superhard material, and c) at least some of the superhard material is located within the projection of the internal circumference of the casing on the nose.
34. A method as claimed in claim 33, wherein the superhard material is diamond composite or cubic boron nitride.
35. A method as claimed in claim 33 or 34, wherein the first drill bit includes a plurality of different superhard materials.
36. A method as claimed in claim 33, 34 or 35, wherein the superhard material is provided as a coating, the coating being a continuous layer or film, or being non-continuous such that surfaces of the first drill bit are afforded areas which are not coated by the superhard material and such that, upon rotation of the first drill bit, the cumulative effect of the coated areas gives complete circumferential coverage of the dimensions of the drilled well bore.
37. A method as claimed in any one of claims 33 to 36, wherein the superhard material is applied to the nose as preformed elements and the cumulative effect of said preformed elements is to cover the surface of the nose and so act as a coating thereof.
38. A method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the preformed elements are chips or fragments of the superhard material of such a size as to substantially disintegrate upon being drilled through by the second drill bit.
39. A method as claimed in claim 37 or 38, wherein the preformed elements have a reinforced structure to aid drilling of hard formations and are pre-weakened prior to attachment to the nose in order to allow fracture of the preformed elements upon being drilled through by the second drill bit.
40. A method as claimed in any one of claims 33 to 39, wherein the intermediate material is nickel.
41. A method as claimed in any one of claims 33 to 40, wherein the first drill bit includes a plurality of flow ports to allow fluid bypass and lubrication of the bit.
42. A method as claimed in any one of claims 33 to 41, wherein the first drill bit is provided with a stabiliser or centraliser.
43. A method as claimed in any one of claims 33 to 42, wherein the first drill bit is provided with reaming members.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9930287.9 | 1999-12-22 | ||
GBGB9930287.9A GB9930287D0 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 1999-12-22 | Casing drilling bit |
GB0018309A GB0018309D0 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2000-07-27 | Casing drilling bit |
GB0018309.5 | 2000-07-27 | ||
PCT/GB2000/004936 WO2001046550A1 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2000-12-21 | Drilling bit for drilling while running casing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA2393754A1 CA2393754A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
CA2393754C true CA2393754C (en) | 2009-10-20 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002393754A Expired - Fee Related CA2393754C (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2000-12-21 | Drilling bit for drilling while running casing |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7216727B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1242711B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU776634B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2393754C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60030159D1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO325412B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001046550A1 (en) |
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-
2000
- 2000-12-21 CA CA002393754A patent/CA2393754C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-21 EP EP00983400A patent/EP1242711B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-21 AU AU20158/01A patent/AU776634B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-12-21 DE DE60030159T patent/DE60030159D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-21 WO PCT/GB2000/004936 patent/WO2001046550A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-21 US US10/168,676 patent/US7216727B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
- 2002-06-14 NO NO20022831A patent/NO325412B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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WO2001046550A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
US20020189863A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
CA2393754A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
AU776634B2 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
EP1242711A1 (en) | 2002-09-25 |
US7216727B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
NO325412B1 (en) | 2008-04-21 |
NO20022831L (en) | 2002-06-14 |
NO20022831D0 (en) | 2002-06-14 |
AU2015801A (en) | 2001-07-03 |
EP1242711B1 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
DE60030159D1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
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