CA2397536A1 - Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane - Google Patents

Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2397536A1
CA2397536A1 CA002397536A CA2397536A CA2397536A1 CA 2397536 A1 CA2397536 A1 CA 2397536A1 CA 002397536 A CA002397536 A CA 002397536A CA 2397536 A CA2397536 A CA 2397536A CA 2397536 A1 CA2397536 A1 CA 2397536A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
fuel
fuel cell
cell according
anode
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002397536A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2397536C (en
Inventor
Emanuel Peled
Tair Duvdevani
Avi Melman
Adi Aharon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tel Aviv University Future Technology Development LP
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/484,267 external-priority patent/US6447943B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2397536A1 publication Critical patent/CA2397536A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2397536C publication Critical patent/CA2397536C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
    • H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H01M8/04194—Concentration measuring cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04447—Concentration; Density of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04783—Pressure differences, e.g. between anode and cathode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
    • H01M8/04843—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The present invention provides improved, low-cost fuel cells having reduced fuel crossover, reduced sensitivity to metal ion impurities and ability to operate under a broad range of temperatures. The invention further provides improved methods for catalyst preparation and a new integrated flow field system for use in H2/O2 fuel cells.

Claims (40)

1. A fuel cell comprising an anode side including an anode and means for providing fuel to the anode, a cathode side including a cathode and means for providing oxygen to the cathode, and a solid electrolyte membrane disposed between said cathode and said anode, wherein said fuel is in the form of a fuel aqueous solution or said fuel is hydrogen, and said solid electrolyte membrane is a proton conducting membrane having pores with a diameter, which is about 1.5nm or smaller, said membrane comprising:
(i) 5% to 60% by volume, preferably 8% to 30% by volume of an electrically nonconductive inorganic powder having a good acid absorption capacity, said powder comprising nanosize particles;
(ii) 10% to 90% by volume, preferably 30% to 80% by volume of an acid or aqueous acid solution; and (iii) 5% to 50% by volume, preferably 12% to 40% by volume of a polymeric binder that is chemically compatible with said acid, oxygen and said fuel.
2. A fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said polymeric binder in said proton conducting membrane is selected from the group consisting of polyvinilyden fluoride, poly(vinilydenfluoride)hexafluoropropylene, poly(tetrafluoroethylene), poly(methyl methacrylate), polysolfone amide, poly(acrylamide), poly(vinylchloride), acrylonitrile, poly(vinylfluoride), Kel F TM and any combinations thereof.
3. A fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said inorganic powder in said proton conducting membrane is selected from the group consisting of SiO2, ZrO2, B2O3, TiO2, Al2O3, hydroxides and oxy- hydroxides of Ti, Al, B and Zr, and any combinations thereof.
4. A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said acid in said proton conducting membrane is selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid, polyfluoroolefin sulfonic acid, perfluoroolefin sulfonic acid, polyfluoroaryl sulfonic acids such as polyfluorobenzen, polyfluorotoluene, or polyfluorostyrene sulfonic acid, perfluoroaryl sulfonic acids such as perfluorobenzene, perfluorotoluene or perfluorostyrene sulfuric acid, similar acids where up to 50 % of the hydrogen or fluorine atoms were replaced by chlorine atoms, CF3(CF2)n SO3H, HO3S(CF2CH2)n SO3H, CF3(CF2CH2)n SO3H, HO3S(CF2)n SO3H where n is an integer having a value of 0 to 9, preferably 0 to
5, Nafion TM ionomers, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid and mixtures thereof.
5. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein said proton conducting membrane further comprises in the pores thereof nanoparticles of hydrated silica or silicic acid.
6. A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein said proton conducting membrane further comprises in the pores thereof a polyhetroacid.
7. A fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein said polyheteroacid is selected from H3PW12O40 and H4SiW12O40.
8. A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said aqueous acidic solution further comprises salts selected from ZnSO4, Al2(SO4)3, MgSO4, NiSO4, CoSO4, MnSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, Cs2SO4, where the salt to acid molar ratio is between 1:10 and 10:1, or polyhetroacids selected from H3PW12O.cndot.40H2O and H4SiW12O40.cndot.29H2O, provided that said salts or polyhetroacids do not induce precipitation of solids during the operation of said fuel cell.
9. A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein said proton conducting membrane is hot pressed during its manufacture in order to reduce the pore size.
10. A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the anode, the cathode and the proton conducting membrane are hot pressed at a temperature of between about 70°C and 130°C and a pressure of 10 to 70 kg/cm2 to form a single structure unit.
11. A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said acid in said proton conducting membrane is a sulfonic acid chemically bonded to the inorganic powder comprised in said proton conducting membrane, directly or through an organic segment R selected from -(CH2)n-, -(CF2)n-, -(CF2CH2)m-, where n is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5 and m is an integer from 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, perfluoroaryl, polyfluoroaryl, perfluorostyrene, polyfluorostyrene and similar segments where up to 50 % of the hydrogen or fluoro atoms were replaced by chlorine atoms.
12. A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said fuel is hydrogen and two sets of integrated flow channels are engraved in the cathode side of the housing or in the anode side of the housing, in one set of channels reactant gases are flowing and in the other one the electrolyte is circulating.
13. A fuel cell according to claim 12, wherein the ratio of electrolyte flow channels to gas flow channels is between 1:5 to 1:1 and the distance between adjacent electrolyte and gas flow channels is between about 4 to about 20 mm.
14. A method for preparing a catalyst layer for use in a fuel cell, said method comprising the steps of forming up to one monolayer of a catalyst on the surface of a nanosize inorganic powder, such monolayer serving as a nucleation site, forming additional one or more catalyst layers on the top of said first monolayer to obtain catalyst particles and subsequently binding the obtained particles to the carbon backing layer and/or to the proton conducting membrane.
15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the catalyst comprises nanoparticles of Pt or Pt based alloy with up to 90% non noble metals.
16. A method according to claim 15 wherein said non noble metals are selected from Co, Ni, Fe, Ag, and combinations thereof.
17. A method according to claim 14 wherein said nanosize inorganic powder is a nanosize SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Ag, or nickel based alloy.
18. A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein the catalyst layer is prepared by a method comprising the steps of forming up to one monolayer of a catalyst on the surface of a nanosize inorganic powder, such monolayer serving as a nucleation site, forming additional one or more catalyst layers on the top of said first monolayer to obtain catalyst particles and subsequently binding the obtained particles to the carbon backing layer and/or to the proton conducting membrane.
19. A fuel cell according to claim 18 wherein said catalyst layer has a thickness of between about one monolayer to about 20 monolayers.
20. A hybrid power source comprising a liquid feed fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11 18 and 19, a DC to DC converter and a rechargeable battery.
21. A hybrid power source according to claim 20 comprising a liquid feed fuel cell having a crossover current density of 15mA/cm2 or less, a DC to DC
converter and a rechargeable battery.
22. A hybrid power source according to claim 21, having a crossover current density of 5mA/cm2 or less.
23. A hybrid power source according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the number of cells in said fuel cell is two or three and said rechargeable battery is a lithium ion battery.
24. A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, 18 and 19, wherein the anode compartment or the fuel tank comprises a gas outlet, said gas outlet being closed with a gas permeable hydrophobic matrix through which the CO2 produced during the operation of said fuel cell is released..
25. A device for controlling the water return flow from the cathode side to the anode side through a membrane in a fuel cell, comprising a water or fuel solution level sensor and air or oxygen pressure control unit which controls the air or oxygen gas pressure in the cathode chamber to increase as the level of water or fuel solution decreases .
26. A fuel cell having an anode chamber with an anode and a fuel tank for providing said anode with fuel, a cathode chamber with a cathode and means for providing said cathode with oxygen in a given pressure, a solid electrolyte membrane disposed between said cathode and said anode, and a tank for water or fuel solution, an air or oxygen pressure control unit and a sensor for sensing the level fuel solution in said fuel tank, said air or oxygen pressure control unit being capable to control the gas pressure in response to the solution level as sensed by said sensor..
27. A fuel cell according to claim 26, wherein the solid electrolyte membrane is as defined in claim 1.
28. A method for reducing crossover current in a fuel cell having an anode chamber with an anode and a fuel tank for providing said anode with fuel, a cathode chamber with a cathode and means for providing said cathode with oxygen in a given pressure, a solid electrolyte membrane disposed between said cathode and said anode, and a tank for water or fuel solution, an air or oxygen pressure control unit and a sensor for sensing the level fuel solution in said fuel tank and means for controlling said pressure in response to said level of water or fuel, comprising the steps of:
(i) sensing the level of the water or fuel in the water or fuel tank;
(ii) controlling the air or oxygen gas pressure in the cathode chamber to increase as the level of water or fuel solution sensed in step (a) decreases;
thus reducing the crossover current.
29. A pump free direct oxidation fuel cell having a low crossover current density, wherein the fuel solution tank is directly attached to the anode chamber, the fuel concentration is between 1% and 40% (w/w) and the ratio between the tank volume (in ml) and the electrode area, in cm2 is between 3:1 and 30:1.
30. A pump free direct oxidation fuel cell according to claim 29 wherein said low crossover current density is of 15mA/cm2 or less.
31. A pump free direct oxidation fuel cell according to claim 29 wherein said low crossover current density is of 5mA/cm2 or less.
32. A pump free direct oxidation fuel cell according to any one of claims 29 to 31 having a proton conducting membrane as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13.
33. An orientation independent direct oxidation fuel cell system having a) an anode chamber with an anode, fuel inlet and gas outlet;
b) a cathode chamber with a cathode and oxygen or air inlet and outlet;

c) an electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode; and d) a fuel tank connected to the anode chamber, wherein i) said fuel tank being divided by a movable barrier into two parts, said first part of the fuel tank being capable of containing fuel or fuel solution and connected to the anode chamber, said second part of the fuel tank holding gas with pressure greater than atmospheric pressure or having a closable gas inlet;
ii) said gas inlet being closed with a gas permeable hydrophobic matrix;
said barrier being capable of directing fuel or fuel solution from the fuel tank to the anode chamber irrespective of the fuel cell orientation.
34. An orientation independent fuel cell according to claim 33, wherein said second part of the fuel tank is filled with gas having a pressure above the atmospheric pressure.
35. An orientation independent fuel cell according to claim 33 or 34, wherein said second part of the fuel tank is capable of being fed with CO2 evolving in the anode chamber.
36. An orientation independent fuel cell according to any one of claims 33 to 35, wherein said movable barrier is a piston.
37. An orientation independent fuel cell according to any one of claims 33 to 35, wherein said movable barrier is a part of a bladder.
38. An orientation independent fuel cell according to any one of claims 33 to 37, wherein said fuel tank is disposable.
39. An orientation independent fuel cell according to any one of claims 33 to 38, further comprising a water tank connected to the anode chamber, said water tank being divided by a movable barrier into two parts, said first part of the water tank being capable of containing water and connected to the anode chamber, said second part of the water tank holding gas with pressure greater than atmospheric pressure or having a closable gas inlet, said gas inlet being closed with a gas permeable hydrophobic matrix;
said movable barrier being capable of directing water from the water tank to the anode chamber irrespective of the fuel cell orientation.
40. An orientation independent fuel cell according to claim 39, wherein said water tank is disposable.
CA2397536A 2000-01-18 2001-01-18 Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane Expired - Fee Related CA2397536C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/484,267 US6447943B1 (en) 2000-01-18 2000-01-18 Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane with a pore size less than 30 nm
US09/484,267 2000-01-18
US09/604,297 2000-06-26
US09/604,297 US6492047B1 (en) 2000-01-18 2000-06-26 Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane
PCT/IL2001/000055 WO2001054216A2 (en) 2000-01-18 2001-01-18 Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2397536A1 true CA2397536A1 (en) 2001-07-26
CA2397536C CA2397536C (en) 2010-04-06

Family

ID=27047934

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2397536A Expired - Fee Related CA2397536C (en) 2000-01-18 2001-01-18 Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane
CA002397568A Abandoned CA2397568A1 (en) 2000-01-18 2001-01-18 Novel fuels

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002397568A Abandoned CA2397568A1 (en) 2000-01-18 2001-01-18 Novel fuels

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (2) US7413824B2 (en)
EP (2) EP1249053B1 (en)
JP (2) JP5173099B2 (en)
CN (2) CN100487963C (en)
AU (2) AU2001227021A1 (en)
CA (2) CA2397536C (en)
IL (2) IL150648A0 (en)
RU (1) RU2262161C2 (en)
WO (2) WO2001054216A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (83)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5017743B2 (en) * 2000-11-07 2012-09-05 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ Fuel cell using glycol as fuel
US6645655B1 (en) 2000-11-21 2003-11-11 Mti Microfuel Cells Inc. Passively pumped liquid feed fuel cell system
EP1410453B1 (en) 2001-07-18 2008-09-03 Tel-Aviv University Future Technology Development L.P. Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane and with improved water and fuel management
KR100407793B1 (en) * 2001-09-04 2003-12-01 한국과학기술연구원 proton exchange composite membranes and composite solutions having selectivity, its preparation and fuel cell comprising the same
JP4094265B2 (en) * 2001-09-25 2008-06-04 株式会社日立製作所 Fuel cell power generator and device using the same
KR100413801B1 (en) * 2001-10-30 2004-01-03 삼성전자주식회사 Polymer electrolyte comprising conductive inorganic nano-particle and fuel cell employing the same
ITPG20020013A1 (en) * 2002-03-13 2003-09-15 Fuma Tech PROTONIC CONDUCT MEMBRANES CONTAINING ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE OR ZIRCONIUM SULPHARYLENPHOSPHONATES DISPERSED IN A POLYMER MATRIX
KR100446662B1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2004-09-04 주식회사 엘지화학 Polymer composite electrolyte membrane for fuel battery and method for preparing the same
EP1369949B1 (en) * 2002-06-06 2013-01-30 Panasonic Corporation Solid electrolyte fuel cell and manufacturing method thereof
KR100486728B1 (en) 2002-12-12 2005-05-03 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Nanocomposite electrolyte membrane and fuel cell employing the same
FR2850301B1 (en) 2003-01-23 2007-10-19 Commissariat Energie Atomique ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIAL COMPRISING A MESOPOROUS MINERAL PHASE AND AN ORGANIC PHASE, MEMBRANE AND FUEL CELL
KR20050109590A (en) * 2003-03-17 2005-11-21 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 Fuel battery
JP4349826B2 (en) * 2003-03-27 2009-10-21 京セラ株式会社 Fuel cell and fuel cell
US6936368B2 (en) * 2003-04-16 2005-08-30 The Gillette Company System and method for safe removal/oxidative decomposition of fuel from a fuel container
US7117732B2 (en) * 2003-12-01 2006-10-10 Societe Bic Fuel gauge for fuel cartridges
US7642742B2 (en) * 2003-12-01 2010-01-05 Societe Bic Fuel cell system with fuel supply monitoring system and method of use
US20050202305A1 (en) * 2004-02-24 2005-09-15 Markoski Larry J. Fuel cell apparatus and method of fabrication
JP3867232B2 (en) 2004-03-25 2007-01-10 株式会社 東北テクノアーチ Catalyst nanoparticles
JP2006019145A (en) * 2004-07-01 2006-01-19 Hitachi Ltd Fuel cell and electronic apparatus equipped with this
JP4585804B2 (en) * 2004-07-21 2010-11-24 シャープ株式会社 Liquid fuel cell
WO2006017375A2 (en) * 2004-08-06 2006-02-16 Ultracell Corporation Method and system for controlling fluid delivery in a fuel cell
US20060088744A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2006-04-27 Markoski Larry J Electrochemical cells
US8101317B2 (en) 2004-09-20 2012-01-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Durable fuel cell having polymer electrolyte membrane comprising manganese oxide
US7572534B2 (en) 2004-09-20 2009-08-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Fuel cell membrane electrode assembly
KR100647296B1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-11-23 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Metal catalyst and a fuel cell employing an electrode including the same
US7517604B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2009-04-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Fuel cell electrolyte membrane with acidic polymer
US7838138B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2010-11-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Fuel cell electrolyte membrane with basic polymer
JP4593420B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2010-12-08 三星エスディアイ株式会社 Proton conducting electrolyte for fuel cell, method for producing proton conducting electrolyte for fuel cell, and fuel cell
US7622217B2 (en) 2005-10-12 2009-11-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Fuel cell nanocatalyst
US8628871B2 (en) 2005-10-28 2014-01-14 3M Innovative Properties Company High durability fuel cell components with cerium salt additives
US8367267B2 (en) 2005-10-28 2013-02-05 3M Innovative Properties Company High durability fuel cell components with cerium oxide additives
JPWO2007063943A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2009-05-07 日本板硝子株式会社 Electrolyte membrane and fuel cell using the same
US7892596B2 (en) 2005-12-19 2011-02-22 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Nanoparticle coating process for fuel cell components
US7368200B2 (en) 2005-12-30 2008-05-06 Tekion, Inc. Composite polymer electrolyte membranes and electrode assemblies for reducing fuel crossover in direct liquid feed fuel cells
KR100668353B1 (en) 2006-02-07 2007-01-12 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Metal catalyst and a fuel cell employing an electrode including the same
US7901817B2 (en) 2006-02-14 2011-03-08 Ini Power Systems, Inc. System for flexible in situ control of water in fuel cells
US8158300B2 (en) 2006-09-19 2012-04-17 Ini Power Systems, Inc. Permselective composite membrane for electrochemical cells
KR100858078B1 (en) * 2006-10-04 2008-09-10 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Polymer electrolyte membrane comprising an inorganic nanoparticle bonded with proton conducting groups and solid acid and a preparing method thereof
US8286464B2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2012-10-16 Societe Bic Sensing device and methods related thereto
US20080160354A1 (en) * 2006-12-27 2008-07-03 Weilong Zhang Metal alloy bipolar plates for fuel cell
US8551667B2 (en) * 2007-04-17 2013-10-08 Ini Power Systems, Inc. Hydrogel barrier for fuel cells
US20090035644A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Markoski Larry J Microfluidic Fuel Cell Electrode System
US8906580B2 (en) * 2007-10-12 2014-12-09 University Of Houston System De-alloyed membrane electrode assemblies in fuel cells
JP2011509506A (en) * 2008-01-03 2011-03-24 ユーティーシー パワー コーポレイション Protective and deposited layers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
US9786944B2 (en) * 2008-06-12 2017-10-10 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology High energy density redox flow device
US11909077B2 (en) 2008-06-12 2024-02-20 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology High energy density redox flow device
US8722226B2 (en) 2008-06-12 2014-05-13 24M Technologies, Inc. High energy density redox flow device
JP5310730B2 (en) * 2008-10-10 2013-10-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel cell
JP2010113841A (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-20 Japan Gore Tex Inc Fuel cell
US8163429B2 (en) 2009-02-05 2012-04-24 Ini Power Systems, Inc. High efficiency fuel cell system
US9415363B2 (en) 2009-02-20 2016-08-16 Marine Power Products Corporation Method and apparatus for efficient on-demand production of H2 and O2 from water using waste heat and environmentally safe metals
US11214486B2 (en) 2009-02-20 2022-01-04 Marine Power Products Incorporated Desalination methods and devices using geothermal energy
US10145015B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2018-12-04 Marine Power Products Incorporated Hydrogen generating system and method using geothermal energy
US9206043B2 (en) 2009-02-20 2015-12-08 Marine Power Products Incorporated Method of and device for optimizing a hydrogen generating system
JP5882888B2 (en) 2009-04-06 2016-03-09 ２４エム・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド２４Ｍ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ， Ｉｎｃ． Fuel system using redox flow battery
KR101064986B1 (en) * 2009-06-04 2011-09-15 강원대학교산학협력단 Ceramic porous substrate, reinforced composite electrolyte membranes using the same and membrane-electrode assembly having the same
EP2529441B1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2016-05-04 Ramot at Tel Aviv University, Ltd. Method of manufacturing proton-conducting membranes
US7931985B1 (en) 2010-11-08 2011-04-26 International Battery, Inc. Water soluble polymer binder for lithium ion battery
US8076026B2 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-12-13 International Battery, Inc. Rechargeable battery using an aqueous binder
JP5666839B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2015-02-12 古河電気工業株式会社 Negative electrode for secondary battery, negative electrode current collector, secondary battery, and production method thereof
US20110143206A1 (en) * 2010-07-14 2011-06-16 International Battery, Inc. Electrode for rechargeable batteries using aqueous binder solution for li-ion batteries
US8102642B2 (en) * 2010-08-06 2012-01-24 International Battery, Inc. Large format ultracapacitors and method of assembly
US8783304B2 (en) 2010-12-03 2014-07-22 Ini Power Systems, Inc. Liquid containers and apparatus for use with power producing devices
US9065095B2 (en) 2011-01-05 2015-06-23 Ini Power Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for enhancing power density of direct liquid fuel cells
TWI553158B (en) 2011-02-09 2016-10-11 海運動力產品股份有限公司 Stability control of a hydrogen generating system and method
US20120208693A1 (en) * 2011-02-15 2012-08-16 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Graphite Particle-Supported Pt and Pt Alloy Electrocatalyst with Controlled Exposure of Defined Crystal Faces for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
CN102777285B (en) * 2011-05-12 2015-02-11 陈温乐 Fuel supply system
CN102429312B (en) * 2011-10-31 2013-10-30 华南理工大学 Quick deoxidizer for in-situ generation of primary battery and preparation method thereof
WO2013090267A1 (en) * 2011-12-13 2013-06-20 Sun Catalytix Corporation Methods and techniques for enhanced current efficiencies in reversible hydrogen bromide fuel cells
US10370595B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2019-08-06 Marine Power Products Incorporated System for and method of using on-site excess heat to convert CO2 emissions into hydrocarbons income at coal-fired power plants
WO2013181261A2 (en) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 Marine Power Products Incorporated Method of and device for optimizing a hydrogen generating system
US9484569B2 (en) 2012-06-13 2016-11-01 24M Technologies, Inc. Electrochemical slurry compositions and methods for preparing the same
US8951690B2 (en) * 2012-10-29 2015-02-10 Nissan North America, Inc. Apparatus and method of in-situ measurement of membrane fluid crossover
US9362583B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2016-06-07 24M Technologies, Inc. Semi-solid electrodes having high rate capability
US8993159B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2015-03-31 24M Technologies, Inc. Semi-solid electrodes having high rate capability
US20150372357A1 (en) * 2014-06-23 2015-12-24 Ivan Theodore Kruglak Integrated magnesium air cell and cathodes
US20180358627A1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2018-12-13 Panasonic Corporation Gas diffusion electrode for microbial fuel cells and microbial fuel cell in which same is used
US11005087B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2021-05-11 24M Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for infusion mixing a slurry based electrode
JP2019511958A (en) * 2016-02-02 2019-05-09 ユニヴァーシティ オブ ワシントン Ceramic selective membrane
AU2018305973B2 (en) 2017-07-26 2023-07-13 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Diaphragm for alkaline water electrolysis, method for producing same, and method for producing inorganic-organic composite membrane
US20210032116A1 (en) * 2018-04-02 2021-02-04 Ariel Scientific Innovations Ltd. Electrocatalysts, the preparation thereof, and using the same for ammonia synthesis
US11272829B2 (en) 2019-04-02 2022-03-15 Dorai Home, Inc. Drying appliance
CN114614058A (en) * 2020-12-04 2022-06-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Thin-layer composite proton exchange membrane and preparation method and application thereof

Family Cites Families (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3143440A (en) * 1960-08-04 1964-08-04 Hunger Herbert Fuel cell
US3357861A (en) * 1963-05-06 1967-12-12 Herbert F Hunger Barriers for fuel cells
US3935028A (en) * 1971-06-11 1976-01-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fuel cell set and method
US3765946A (en) * 1971-08-18 1973-10-16 United Aircraft Corp Fuel cell system
DE2809815C3 (en) * 1978-03-07 1981-05-21 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Fuel cell with a matrix layer that chemically and physically adsorbs the electrolyte
US4276353A (en) * 1978-08-23 1981-06-30 Metco, Inc. Self-bonding flame spray wire for producing a readily grindable coating
JPS5818880A (en) * 1981-07-24 1983-02-03 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd Diaphragm for fuel cell
US4529671A (en) * 1981-09-07 1985-07-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Fuel cell
JPS58165266A (en) * 1982-03-26 1983-09-30 Hitachi Ltd Fuel cell
JPS59173549A (en) 1983-03-24 1984-10-01 Toyota Motor Corp Device for preventing fuel vapor from scattering
JPS6062064A (en) * 1983-09-14 1985-04-10 Hitachi Ltd Liquid fuel cell
US4650729A (en) * 1984-08-10 1987-03-17 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Electric power source device
JPS61269865A (en) * 1985-05-24 1986-11-29 Hitachi Ltd Operation method of fuel cell
US4687715A (en) * 1985-07-26 1987-08-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Zirconium pyrophosphate matrix layer for electrolyte in a fuel cell
JPS6348765A (en) * 1986-08-19 1988-03-01 Japan Gore Tex Inc Electrolyte matrix for fuel cell and its manufacture
JPH01192742A (en) * 1988-01-29 1989-08-02 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd Proton conductive amorphous material and production thereof
JPH01266848A (en) * 1988-04-19 1989-10-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Production of catalyst supporting noble metal
JP2909166B2 (en) * 1990-07-31 1999-06-23 エヌ・イーケムキヤツト株式会社 Supported platinum quaternary alloy electrode catalyst
US5364711A (en) * 1992-04-01 1994-11-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Fuel cell
DE4238688A1 (en) * 1992-11-17 1994-05-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Sintered solid electrolyte with high oxygen ion conductivity
US5766787A (en) * 1993-06-18 1998-06-16 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. Solid polymer electrolyte composition
FR2709873B1 (en) * 1993-09-06 1995-10-20 Imra Europe Sa Fuel cell voltage generator.
US5599638A (en) * 1993-10-12 1997-02-04 California Institute Of Technology Aqueous liquid feed organic fuel cell using solid polymer electrolyte membrane
US5773162A (en) 1993-10-12 1998-06-30 California Institute Of Technology Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system
JPH08185879A (en) 1994-12-27 1996-07-16 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Detection method for interpole gas leak and permeation for unit cell of fuel cell
US5919583A (en) * 1995-03-20 1999-07-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Membranes containing inorganic fillers and membrane and electrode assemblies and electrochemical cells employing same
US5700595A (en) * 1995-06-23 1997-12-23 International Fuel Cells Corp. Ion exchange membrane fuel cell power plant with water management pressure differentials
US5503944A (en) * 1995-06-30 1996-04-02 International Fuel Cells Corp. Water management system for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell power plants
US5926361A (en) * 1995-09-28 1999-07-20 Westvaco Corporation High power density double layer energy storage devices
US5672439A (en) * 1995-12-18 1997-09-30 Ballard Power Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing reactant crossover in an electrochemical fuel cell
DE19611510A1 (en) * 1996-03-23 1997-09-25 Degussa Gas diffusion electrode for membrane fuel cells and process for their manufacture
US5945231A (en) * 1996-03-26 1999-08-31 California Institute Of Technology Direct liquid-feed fuel cell with membrane electrolyte and manufacturing thereof
US5834136A (en) * 1996-06-17 1998-11-10 Valence Technology, Inc. Method of preparing polymeric electrolytes
JP3502508B2 (en) * 1996-07-26 2004-03-02 本田技研工業株式会社 Direct methanol fuel cell
JP4000607B2 (en) 1996-09-06 2007-10-31 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel cell power generation apparatus and method
AU719341B2 (en) * 1997-01-22 2000-05-04 De Nora Elettrodi S.P.A. Method of forming robust metal, metal oxide, and metal alloy layers on ion-conductive polymer membranes
US5952119A (en) * 1997-02-24 1999-09-14 Regents Of The University Of California Fuel cell membrane humidification
DE19721437A1 (en) * 1997-05-21 1998-11-26 Degussa CO-tolerant anode catalyst for PEM fuel cells and process for its manufacture
US6059943A (en) * 1997-07-30 2000-05-09 Lynntech, Inc. Composite membrane suitable for use in electrochemical devices
DE19734973A1 (en) * 1997-08-13 1999-02-25 Hoechst Ag Nano-porous alumina membrane containing noble metal, useful as catalyst in vinyl acetate synthesis
JPH11167925A (en) * 1997-10-01 1999-06-22 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Electrode for fuel cell and its manufacture
JP4937449B2 (en) * 1998-02-24 2012-05-23 テル−アビブ・ユニバーシテイ・フユーチヤー・テクノロジー・デベロツプメント・エル・ピー Ion conductive matrix and use thereof
EP1060535B1 (en) * 1998-02-25 2002-05-02 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Direct dimethyl ether fuel cells
JPH11250921A (en) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-17 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell
JPH11255512A (en) * 1998-03-09 1999-09-21 Toyota Motor Corp Apparatus for decreasing carbon monoxide and its driving
DE19837669A1 (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-03-09 Degussa Catalyst layer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
GB9822571D0 (en) * 1998-10-16 1998-12-09 Johnson Matthey Plc Substrate binder
CN1340221A (en) * 1999-01-12 2002-03-13 泰勒戴尼能源系统公司 Method and apparatus for maintaining neutral water balance in a fuel cell system
US6447909B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2002-09-10 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. Transparent conductive layered structure and method of producing the same, and coating liquid for forming transparent conductive layer used in production of transparent conductive layered structure and method of producing the same
US6117581A (en) * 1999-03-15 2000-09-12 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Fuel cell electrode comprising conductive zeolite support material
DE19913977C2 (en) * 1999-03-18 2001-11-22 Mannesmann Ag Fuel tank
US6238534B1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2001-05-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Hybrid membrane electrode assembly
JP3668069B2 (en) * 1999-09-21 2005-07-06 株式会社東芝 Liquid fuel container for fuel cell and fuel cell
US6471850B2 (en) * 1999-12-16 2002-10-29 Proton Energy Systems, Inc. Low gravity electrochemical cell
US6660423B2 (en) * 2000-12-15 2003-12-09 Motorola, Inc. Direct methanol fuel cell including a water management system and method of fabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080241629A1 (en) 2008-10-02
RU2262161C2 (en) 2005-10-10
CN1411618A (en) 2003-04-16
WO2001054216A2 (en) 2001-07-26
WO2001054220A8 (en) 2003-02-13
WO2001054220A2 (en) 2001-07-26
CA2397536C (en) 2010-04-06
AU2001227021A1 (en) 2001-07-31
WO2001054220A3 (en) 2002-08-08
CN1255894C (en) 2006-05-10
EP1249052A2 (en) 2002-10-16
EP1249052B1 (en) 2009-04-22
US8092955B2 (en) 2012-01-10
JP5173099B2 (en) 2013-03-27
AU2001227022A1 (en) 2001-07-31
US20030091883A1 (en) 2003-05-15
CA2397568A1 (en) 2001-07-26
RU2002122086A (en) 2004-02-20
EP1249053A2 (en) 2002-10-16
US7413824B2 (en) 2008-08-19
CN100487963C (en) 2009-05-13
IL150645A0 (en) 2003-02-12
IL150648A0 (en) 2003-02-12
JP2003520412A (en) 2003-07-02
WO2001054216A3 (en) 2002-02-21
EP1249053B1 (en) 2010-06-16
CN1401143A (en) 2003-03-05
JP2003520413A (en) 2003-07-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2397536A1 (en) Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane
EP2254183B1 (en) Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane
CN102725894B (en) Energy storage and the system of generation
Sajid et al. A perspective on development of fuel cell materials: Electrodes and electrolyte
JP2003520412A5 (en)
KR20010095190A (en) Fuel cell and fuel cell device
US20090023046A1 (en) Porous Transport Structures for Direct-Oxidation Fuel Cell System Operating with Concentrated Fuel
Sun et al. Molecular sieve as an effective barrier for methanol crossover in direct methanol fuel cells
KR20120130671A (en) The portable water generator containing hydrogen gas or containing oxygen gas
JP2007284705A (en) Electrolytic hydrogen-generating device, method for generating hydrogen gas, and fuel cell
TW200905957A (en) Electrode, electrode catalyst composition and fuel cell
JP2003142124A (en) Electrolyte film and solid high polymer type fuel cell using the same
Zhang et al. Iron–Chromium Flow Battery
Li et al. Advanced Architectures of Air Electrodes in Zinc–Air Batteries and Hydrogen Fuel Cells
US20230268531A1 (en) High-temperature anion-exchange membrane fuel cell
IL150645A (en) Fuel cell with proton conducting membrane
García-Salaberri et al. Book of abstracts: I Meeting on Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Devices
Hansora et al. Fuel Cells: Construction, Design, and Materials
Casellato et al. Aoki, IV, see Palomino, LEM, 5943 Apachitei, I., see Fratila-Apachitei, LE, 5892 Auinat, M., see Starosvetsky, D., 5660 Badwe, S., Raja, KS and Misra, M. A study of corrosion behavior of Ni-22Cr-13Mo-3W alloy
Ilicic Investigation of a direct methanol redox fuel cell with design simplification
Mohammad Novel electrode structure for the reduction of methanol crossover in a passive DMFC
Nafion Analytical TEM study of Pt particle deposition in PEM of MEA

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request
MKLA Lapsed

Effective date: 20200120