CA2439586A1 - Ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus and method for using same - Google Patents
Ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus and method for using same Download PDFInfo
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- CA2439586A1 CA2439586A1 CA002439586A CA2439586A CA2439586A1 CA 2439586 A1 CA2439586 A1 CA 2439586A1 CA 002439586 A CA002439586 A CA 002439586A CA 2439586 A CA2439586 A CA 2439586A CA 2439586 A1 CA2439586 A1 CA 2439586A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- hydrogen generation
- generation apparatus
- reactor
- combustion
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 85
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract 85
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract 79
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims 156
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 64
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 40
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims 35
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 35
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 13
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
- C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
A hydrogen generation apparatus employs a thermocatalytic reactor (60) forme d of a top plate (62), a bottom plate (66), and a reactor core (64) disposed between the top and bottom plates. The reactor core has a reaction surface (64a) and a combustion surface (64b), each surface having a raised periphery defining opposing ends (61a and 61b) and opposing sides (63a and 63b). The reaction surface (64a) and the top plate (62) together define a reaction chamber and the combustion surface (64b) and the bottom plate (66) together define a combustion chamber. The reaction core (64) has a first set of a plurality of spaced apart, substantially straight radiating fins (76a) extending from the reaction surface (64a) and a second set of a plurality of spaced apart, substantially straight radiating fins (76b) extending from the combustion surface (64b). The first set of fins (76a) defining a plurality o f reaction channels (71), while the second set of fins (76b) defines a plurali ty of combustion channels (69) running parallel to the opposing sides (63a and 63b) and is spaced apart from the opposing ends (61a and 61b).
Claims (65)
1. An ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus comprising:
an ammonia supply;
a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor including a reaction chamber in a heat exchange relationship with a combustion chamber;
an ammonia supply line for transporting ammonia from the ammonia supply to the reaction chamber;
a reaction product supply line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber;
a combustion fluid supply line for transporting a combustible fluid to the combustion chamber;
a combustion by-product exhaust line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber; and a heat source operationally connected to the reactor.
an ammonia supply;
a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor including a reaction chamber in a heat exchange relationship with a combustion chamber;
an ammonia supply line for transporting ammonia from the ammonia supply to the reaction chamber;
a reaction product supply line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber;
a combustion fluid supply line for transporting a combustible fluid to the combustion chamber;
a combustion by-product exhaust line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber; and a heat source operationally connected to the reactor.
2. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen generation reactor includes a top plate, a bottom plate, and a reactor core disposed between the top and bottom plates, the reactor core having a reaction surface and a combustion surface, each surface having a raised periphery defining opposing ends and opposing sides, and the reaction core having a first set of spaced apart fins extending outwardly from the reaction surface and a second set of spaced fins extending outwardly from the combustion surface, the first set of fins defining a first plurality of combustion channels and the second set of fins defining a second plurality of reaction channels, each set of channels creating gas flow paths in the direction of from one of the opposing side to the other opposing side and spaced apart from the opposing ends;
the reaction surface and the top plate together defining the reaction chamber and the combustion surface and the bottom plate together defining the combustion chamber.
the reaction surface and the top plate together defining the reaction chamber and the combustion surface and the bottom plate together defining the combustion chamber.
3. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein at least one set of fins has a thickness of about 0.5 mm, a height of about 2 mm, and a length of about 50 mm and the spacing between adjacent fins is about 1 mm.
4. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein the flow paths created by at least one of the sets of channels are straight.
5. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein the flow paths created by at least one of the sets of channels are zigzagged.
6. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein the reactor is fabricated from a nonrefactory metal.
7. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 6 wherein the nonrefactory metal is titanium or stainless steel.
8. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 further comprising the reactor chamber is loaded with an ammonium decomposition catalyst having a light-off temperature below 600° C.
9. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 8 wherein the catalyst is packed in the reaction channels.
10. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 8 wherein the catalyst is coated on the internal surface of the flow channels in the reaction chamber.
11. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 8 wherein the ammonium decomposition catalyst contains ruthenium.
12. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 8 wherein the ammonium decomposition catalyst contain nickel.
13. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein at least one of the ammonia supply line and the reaction product line enters the reactor core from the first opposing end and extends, parallel to the second set of fins, into the reactor core ending at a point adjacent the opposite end of the reactor and the other terminates at the first opposing end.
14. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein at least a portion of the reaction product line located outside of the reaction product line is coaxially disposed outside of the ammonia supply line.
15. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a combustion catalyst disposed in the combustion chamber between the second end of the first set of fins and the end of the combustion fluid line.
16. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 15 wherein the combustion catalyst is a platinum combustion catalyst.
17. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein the heat source is an ammonia combustor fluidly connected to the ammonia supply.
18. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein the ammonia supply supplies ammonia to the ammonia combustor.
19. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein the heat source is a hydrocarbon combustor.
20. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein the combustion fluid line enters the reactor core from the first opposing end and extends, parallel to the first set of fins, into the reactor core ending at a point adjacent the opposite end of the reactor.
21. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein the hydrocarbon supply is a butane supply.
22. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a first adsorbent supply connected to the reaction product supply line for removing residual ammonia from the hydrogen.
23. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein the ammonia supply line is made of a heat conducting material and passes through the adsorbent supply.
24. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 wherein the adsorbent is an acid impregnated carbon adsorbent.
25. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 24 wherein the adsorbent has from 2 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon to 5 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon.
26. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 22 further comprising a second adsorbent supply connected to the reaction product supply line for removing residual ammonia from the hydrogen, a first valve for selectively directing ammonia from the ammonia supply to either the first or the second adsorbent supply and a second valve for selectively directing reaction products to either the first or the second adsorbent supply.
27. The hydrocarbon generation apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a heat exchanger operably connected to the combustion by-products exhaust line and to the ammonia supply line.
28. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 27 wherein the heat exchanger is disposed in the combustion by-products exhaust line between the reactor and the adsorbent supply.
29. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a fuel cell fluidly connected to the reaction product supply line.
30. An ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus comprising:
an ammonia supply;
a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor including a top plate, a bottom plate, and a reactor core disposed between the top and bottom plates, the reactor core having a reaction surface and a combustion surface, each surface having a raised periphery defining opposing ends and opposing sides, and the reaction core having a first set of spaced apart fins extending outwardly from the reaction surface and a second set of spaced fins extending outwardly from the combustion surface, the first set of fins defining a first plurality of combustion channels and the second set of fins defining a second plurality of reaction channels, each set of channels creating gas flow paths in the direction of from one of the opposing side to the other opposing side and spaced apart from the opposing ends, the reaction surface and the top plate together defining a reaction chamber and the combustion surface and the bottom plate together defining a combustion chamber;
an ammonium decomposition catalyst having a light-off temperature below 600° C loaded in the reactor chamber;
a platinum combustion catalyst disposed in the combustion chamber between the second end of the first set of fins and the end of the combustion fluid line;
an ammonia supply line for transporting ammonia from the ammonia supply to the reaction chamber;
a reaction product supply line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber;
a combustion fluid supply line for transporting a combustible fluid to the combustion chamber;
a combustion by-product exhaust line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber; and a hydrocarbon combustor connected to the reactor;
an acid impregnated carbon adsorbent supply connected to the reaction product supply line for removing residual ammonia from the hydrogen, the acid impregnated carbon having from 2 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon to 5 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon, the ammonia supply line being made of a heat conducting material, and the ammonia supply line passing through the adsorbent supply;
a heat exchanger operably connected to the combustion by-products exhaust line, between the reactor and the adsorbent supply and to the ammonia supply line; and a fuel cell fluidly connected to the reaction product supply line.
an ammonia supply;
a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor including a top plate, a bottom plate, and a reactor core disposed between the top and bottom plates, the reactor core having a reaction surface and a combustion surface, each surface having a raised periphery defining opposing ends and opposing sides, and the reaction core having a first set of spaced apart fins extending outwardly from the reaction surface and a second set of spaced fins extending outwardly from the combustion surface, the first set of fins defining a first plurality of combustion channels and the second set of fins defining a second plurality of reaction channels, each set of channels creating gas flow paths in the direction of from one of the opposing side to the other opposing side and spaced apart from the opposing ends, the reaction surface and the top plate together defining a reaction chamber and the combustion surface and the bottom plate together defining a combustion chamber;
an ammonium decomposition catalyst having a light-off temperature below 600° C loaded in the reactor chamber;
a platinum combustion catalyst disposed in the combustion chamber between the second end of the first set of fins and the end of the combustion fluid line;
an ammonia supply line for transporting ammonia from the ammonia supply to the reaction chamber;
a reaction product supply line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber;
a combustion fluid supply line for transporting a combustible fluid to the combustion chamber;
a combustion by-product exhaust line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber; and a hydrocarbon combustor connected to the reactor;
an acid impregnated carbon adsorbent supply connected to the reaction product supply line for removing residual ammonia from the hydrogen, the acid impregnated carbon having from 2 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon to 5 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon, the ammonia supply line being made of a heat conducting material, and the ammonia supply line passing through the adsorbent supply;
a heat exchanger operably connected to the combustion by-products exhaust line, between the reactor and the adsorbent supply and to the ammonia supply line; and a fuel cell fluidly connected to the reaction product supply line.
31. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 30 wherein the flow paths created by at least one of the sets of channels are straight.
32. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 30 wherein the flow paths created by at least one of the sets of channels are zigzagged.
33. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 30 wherein the catalyst is packed in the reaction channels.
34. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 30 wherein the catalyst is coated on the internal surface of the flow channels in the reaction chamber.
35. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 30 wherein the ammonium decomposition catalyst contains ruthenium.
36. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 30 wherein the ammonium decomposition catalyst contain nickel.
37. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 30 wherein at least one of the ammonia supply line and the reaction product line enters the reactor core from the first opposing end and extends, parallel to the second set of fins, into the reactor core ending at a point adjacent the opposite end of the reactor and the other terminates at the first opposing end.
38. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 30 wherein the combustion fluid line enters the reactor core from the first opposing end and extends, parallel to the first set of fins, into the reactor core ending at a point adjacent the opposite end of the reactor.
39. An ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus comprising:
an ammonia supply;
a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor;
an ammonia supply line for transporting ammonia from the ammonia supply to the reaction chamber;
a reaction product supply line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber;
a combustion fluid supply line for transporting a combustible fluid to the combustion chamber;
a combustion by-product exhaust line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber;
a heat source operationally connected to the reactor; and a first adsorbent supply connected to the hydrogen fluid line for removing residual ammonia from the hydrogen and where the ammonia supply line is made of a heat conducting material and passes through the adsorbent supply.
an ammonia supply;
a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor;
an ammonia supply line for transporting ammonia from the ammonia supply to the reaction chamber;
a reaction product supply line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber;
a combustion fluid supply line for transporting a combustible fluid to the combustion chamber;
a combustion by-product exhaust line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber;
a heat source operationally connected to the reactor; and a first adsorbent supply connected to the hydrogen fluid line for removing residual ammonia from the hydrogen and where the ammonia supply line is made of a heat conducting material and passes through the adsorbent supply.
40. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 39 wherein the adsorbent is an acid impregnated carbon adsorbent.
41. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 40 wherein the adsorbent has from 2 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon to 5 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon.
42. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 39 further comprising a second adsorbent supply connected to the reaction product supply line for removing residual ammonia from the hydrogen, a first valve for selectively directing ammonia from the ammonia supply to either the first or the second adsorbent supply, and a second valve for selectively directing reaction products to either the first or the second the second adsorbent supply.
43. The hydrocarbon generation apparatus of claim 39 further comprising a heat exchanger, operably connected to the combustion by-products exhaust line and to the ammonia supply line.
44. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 43 wherein the heat exchanger is disposed in the combustion by-products exhaust line between the reactor and the adsorbent supply.
45. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 39 wherein the heat source is an electrical heater.
46. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 45 wherein the electrical heater is a battery.
47. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 46 wherein the electrical heater is a fuel cell.
48. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 47 further comprising a fuel cell fluidly connected to the reaction product supply line.
49. An ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus comprising:
an ammonia supply;
a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor;
an ammonia supply line for transporting ammonia from the ammonia supply to the reaction chamber;
a reaction product supply line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber;
a combustion fluid supply line for transporting a combustible fluid to the combustion chamber;
a combustion by-product exhaust line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber;
a heat source operationally connected to the reactor;
a first adsorbent supply containing an acid impregnated carbon adsorbent having from 2 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon to 5 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon connected to the hydrogen fluid line for removing residual ammonia from the hydrogen and wherein the ammonia supply line is made of a heat conducting material and passes through the adsorbent supply;
a heat exchanger disposed in the combustion by-products exhaust line between the reactor and the adsorbent supply; and a fuel cell fluidly connected to the reaction product supply line.
an ammonia supply;
a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor;
an ammonia supply line for transporting ammonia from the ammonia supply to the reaction chamber;
a reaction product supply line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber;
a combustion fluid supply line for transporting a combustible fluid to the combustion chamber;
a combustion by-product exhaust line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber;
a heat source operationally connected to the reactor;
a first adsorbent supply containing an acid impregnated carbon adsorbent having from 2 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon to 5 millimoles of strong acid adsorption sites per gram of carbon connected to the hydrogen fluid line for removing residual ammonia from the hydrogen and wherein the ammonia supply line is made of a heat conducting material and passes through the adsorbent supply;
a heat exchanger disposed in the combustion by-products exhaust line between the reactor and the adsorbent supply; and a fuel cell fluidly connected to the reaction product supply line.
50. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 49 further comprising a second adsorbent supply connected to the reaction product supply line for removing residual ammonia from the hydrogen, a first valve for selectively directing ammonia from the ammonia supply to either the first or the second adsorbent supply, and a second valve for selectively directing reaction products to either the first or the second the second adsorbent supply.
51. An ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus comprising:
an ammonia supply;
a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor;
an ammonia supply line for transporting ammonia from the ammonia supply to the reaction chamber;
a reaction product supply line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber;
a combustion fluid supply line for transporting a combustible fluid to the combustion chamber;
a combustion by-product exhaust line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber;
a heat source operationally connected to the reactor; and a heat exchanger operably connected to the combustion by-products exhaust line and to the ammonia supply line.
an ammonia supply;
a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor;
an ammonia supply line for transporting ammonia from the ammonia supply to the reaction chamber;
a reaction product supply line for transporting hydrogen from the reaction chamber;
a combustion fluid supply line for transporting a combustible fluid to the combustion chamber;
a combustion by-product exhaust line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber;
a heat source operationally connected to the reactor; and a heat exchanger operably connected to the combustion by-products exhaust line and to the ammonia supply line.
52. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 51 wherein the heat exchanger is disposed in the combustion by-products exhaust line between the reactor and the adsorbent supply.
53. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 51 wherein the heat source is an electrical heater.
54. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 51 wherein the electrical heater is a battery.
55. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 51 wherein the electrical heater is a fuel cell.
56. The hydrogen generation apparatus of claim 51 further comprising a fuel cell fluidly connected to the reaction product supply line.
57. A method for generating hydrogen comprising:
introducing ammonia into a reaction chamber of a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor, the reactor including a top plate, a bottom plate, and a reactor core, disposed between the top and bottom plates, the reactor core having a reaction surface and a combustion surface, each surface having a raised periphery defining opposing ends and opposing sides, and the reaction core having a first set of spaced apart fins extending outwardly from the reaction surface and a second set of spaced fins extending outwardly from the combustion surface, the first set of fins defining a first plurality of combustion channels and the second set of fins defining a second plurality of reaction channels, each set of channels creating gas flow paths in the direction of from one of the opposing side to the other opposing side and spaced apart from the opposing ends, the reaction surface and the top plate together defining the reaction chamber and the combustion surface and the bottom plate together defining a combustion chamber;
supplying heat to the reactor;
heating the ammonia in the reactor to a temperature between 550° and 650° C
for a time sufficient to decompose the ammonia into a reaction product containing hydrogen and nitrogen; and removing the reaction product from the reactor.
introducing ammonia into a reaction chamber of a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor, the reactor including a top plate, a bottom plate, and a reactor core, disposed between the top and bottom plates, the reactor core having a reaction surface and a combustion surface, each surface having a raised periphery defining opposing ends and opposing sides, and the reaction core having a first set of spaced apart fins extending outwardly from the reaction surface and a second set of spaced fins extending outwardly from the combustion surface, the first set of fins defining a first plurality of combustion channels and the second set of fins defining a second plurality of reaction channels, each set of channels creating gas flow paths in the direction of from one of the opposing side to the other opposing side and spaced apart from the opposing ends, the reaction surface and the top plate together defining the reaction chamber and the combustion surface and the bottom plate together defining a combustion chamber;
supplying heat to the reactor;
heating the ammonia in the reactor to a temperature between 550° and 650° C
for a time sufficient to decompose the ammonia into a reaction product containing hydrogen and nitrogen; and removing the reaction product from the reactor.
58. The method in accordance with claim 57 further comprising preheating the ammonia, before the ammonia is introduced into the reactor.
59. The method in accordance with claim 57 wherein ammonia is combusted to supply the heat to the reactor.
60. The method in accordance with claim 57 wherein a hydrocarbon is combusted to supply the heat to the reactor.
61. The method in accordance with claim 57 wherein butane is combusted to supply the heat to the reactor.
62. The method in accordance with claim 57 wherein the reaction product contains residual ammonia and residual ammonia is removed by passing the reaction product through an adsorbent supply.
63. A method for generating hydrogen comprising:
introducing ammonia into a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor;
supplying heat to the reactor;
heating the ammonia in the reactor to a temperature between 550° and 650° C
for a time sufficient to decompose the ammonia into a reaction product containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and residual ammonia;
removing the reaction product from the reactor; and passing the reaction product through an adsorbent supply to remove the residual ammonia, where the ammonia is passed through the adsorbent supply before it is supplied to the reactor.
introducing ammonia into a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor;
supplying heat to the reactor;
heating the ammonia in the reactor to a temperature between 550° and 650° C
for a time sufficient to decompose the ammonia into a reaction product containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and residual ammonia;
removing the reaction product from the reactor; and passing the reaction product through an adsorbent supply to remove the residual ammonia, where the ammonia is passed through the adsorbent supply before it is supplied to the reactor.
64. A method for generating hydrogen comprising:
introducing ammonia into a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor;
supplying heat to the reactor;
heating the ammonia in the reactor to a temperature between 550° and 650° C
for a time sufficient to decompose the ammonia into a reaction product containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and residual ammonia;
removing the reaction product from the reactor; and exchanging heat between the ammonia before it is supplied to the reactor and the reaction product.
introducing ammonia into a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor;
supplying heat to the reactor;
heating the ammonia in the reactor to a temperature between 550° and 650° C
for a time sufficient to decompose the ammonia into a reaction product containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and residual ammonia;
removing the reaction product from the reactor; and exchanging heat between the ammonia before it is supplied to the reactor and the reaction product.
65. The method in accordance with claim 63 further comprising passing the reaction product through an adsorbent supply to remove the residual ammonia, where the ammonia is passed through the adsorbent supply before it is supplied to the reactor and the reaction product exchanges energy with the ammonia, before the reaction product is passed through the adsorbent supply.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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| US60/272,806 | 2001-03-02 | ||
| PCT/US2002/006767 WO2002071451A2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus and method for using same |
Publications (2)
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|---|---|
| CA2439586A1 true CA2439586A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| CA2439586C CA2439586C (en) | 2012-02-28 |
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| CA2439586A Expired - Fee Related CA2439586C (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus and method for using same |
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| US (1) | US7875089B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1372839A4 (en) |
| JP (3) | JP4267325B2 (en) |
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| CA (1) | CA2439586C (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03007886A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002071451A2 (en) |
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- 2002-03-04 KR KR1020037011554A patent/KR100868392B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-04 CA CA2439586A patent/CA2439586C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-04 AU AU2002335499A patent/AU2002335499A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-04 US US10/469,464 patent/US7875089B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-04 WO PCT/US2002/006767 patent/WO2002071451A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-03-04 JP JP2002570274A patent/JP4267325B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-07-14 JP JP2008182149A patent/JP5068707B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-06-01 JP JP2012126333A patent/JP2012162457A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4267325B2 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
| JP5068707B2 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
| JP2012162457A (en) | 2012-08-30 |
| US20040154223A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
| WO2002071451A3 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
| KR20040012729A (en) | 2004-02-11 |
| CA2439586C (en) | 2012-02-28 |
| AU2002335499A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
| JP2004525058A (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| KR100868392B1 (en) | 2008-11-11 |
| WO2002071451A2 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| US7875089B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 |
| EP1372839A4 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
| EP1372839A2 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
| CN1507369A (en) | 2004-06-23 |
| CN1239244C (en) | 2006-02-01 |
| MXPA03007886A (en) | 2004-10-15 |
| JP2009007245A (en) | 2009-01-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDC | Discontinued application reinstated | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20190304 |
|
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20190304 |