CA2445856C - Synthesis of bis(cyclopendadienyl) and bis(indenyl) ruthenium complexes - Google Patents
Synthesis of bis(cyclopendadienyl) and bis(indenyl) ruthenium complexes Download PDFInfo
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- CA2445856C CA2445856C CA2445856A CA2445856A CA2445856C CA 2445856 C CA2445856 C CA 2445856C CA 2445856 A CA2445856 A CA 2445856A CA 2445856 A CA2445856 A CA 2445856A CA 2445856 C CA2445856 C CA 2445856C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ruthenecene
- bis
- indenyl
- treating
- reaction mixture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
Abstract
A process for preparing a cyclopentadienyl or indenyl ruthenium complex by treatment of a cyclopentadienyl or indenyl compound with ruthenium trichloride trihydrate and magnesium powder in an alkanol at 0~C to 30~C is described.
Description
Rpm-SYNTHESIS OF BIS(CYCLOPENTADIENYL) AND BIS(INDENYL) RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to bis(cyclopentadienyl) and bis(indenyl) ruthenium complexes which are useful in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) procedures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The state of the art relevant to this invention as of July 17, 1997 is summarized in United States patent 6,002,036. A process for the synthesis of bis(alkylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium complexes by treatment of RuC13 hydrates and ethylcyclopentad.iene or isopropylcyclopentadiene with zinc powder in an alcohol solvent at -30 C to 0 C is described.
SUMMA RY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises synthesis of bis(alkylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium complexes by treating ruthenium trichioride hydrate and a cyclopentadienyl compound or an indenyl compound with magnesium powder in C2 to C8 alkanol, preferably ethanol, at a temperature of -30 C to 0 C.
- la -According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for producing a cyclopentadienyl or an indenyl ruthenecene complex which comprises treating a cyclopentadienyl or an indenyl compound with ruthenium trichloride hydrate and magnesium powder, in the presence of a C2 to C8 alkanol.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a process which comprises:
(i) treating a C2 or C5 monoalkyl cyclopentadiene with ruthenium trichloride hydrate and magnesium powder, wherein said treating is accomplished in the presence of ethanol and wherein said treating takes place at a temperature of 0 C to -30 C to produce a first reaction mixture;
(ii) agitating said first reaction mixture at about 10 C
to 15 C for a time period appropriate to complete the reaction, wherein a second reaction mixture comprising a slurry of C2 to C5 ruthenecene is produced;
(iii)filtering said second reaction mixture to provide a cake comprising the C2 to C5 ruthenecene; and (iv) recrystallizing said C2 to C5 ruthenecene present in said cake wherein a purified C2 to C5 ruthenecene product is obtained.
In aspects of the present invention the C2 to C5 monoalkyl cyclopentadiene of step (i)recited above is ethyl cyclopentadiene and the C2 to C5 ruthenecene of steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) is ethyl ruthenecene.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to bis(cyclopentadienyl) and bis(indenyl) ruthenium complexes which are useful in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) procedures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The state of the art relevant to this invention as of July 17, 1997 is summarized in United States patent 6,002,036. A process for the synthesis of bis(alkylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium complexes by treatment of RuC13 hydrates and ethylcyclopentad.iene or isopropylcyclopentadiene with zinc powder in an alcohol solvent at -30 C to 0 C is described.
SUMMA RY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises synthesis of bis(alkylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium complexes by treating ruthenium trichioride hydrate and a cyclopentadienyl compound or an indenyl compound with magnesium powder in C2 to C8 alkanol, preferably ethanol, at a temperature of -30 C to 0 C.
- la -According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for producing a cyclopentadienyl or an indenyl ruthenecene complex which comprises treating a cyclopentadienyl or an indenyl compound with ruthenium trichloride hydrate and magnesium powder, in the presence of a C2 to C8 alkanol.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a process which comprises:
(i) treating a C2 or C5 monoalkyl cyclopentadiene with ruthenium trichloride hydrate and magnesium powder, wherein said treating is accomplished in the presence of ethanol and wherein said treating takes place at a temperature of 0 C to -30 C to produce a first reaction mixture;
(ii) agitating said first reaction mixture at about 10 C
to 15 C for a time period appropriate to complete the reaction, wherein a second reaction mixture comprising a slurry of C2 to C5 ruthenecene is produced;
(iii)filtering said second reaction mixture to provide a cake comprising the C2 to C5 ruthenecene; and (iv) recrystallizing said C2 to C5 ruthenecene present in said cake wherein a purified C2 to C5 ruthenecene product is obtained.
In aspects of the present invention the C2 to C5 monoalkyl cyclopentadiene of step (i)recited above is ethyl cyclopentadiene and the C2 to C5 ruthenecene of steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) is ethyl ruthenecene.
A product of 99% purity may be isolated in yields of at least 65% by crystallization from an alkane.
DEFINITIONS
As used in this specification, the following terms have the meaning set forth:
(1) Cyclopentadienyl Compound - A compound of the formula R
R R
R
in which each R is independently hydrogen or a C, to C,,0 alkyl group. Monoalkyl, preferably C1 to C. monoalkyl, cyclopentadienyl compounds are preferred.
(2) Indenyl Compound - A compound of formula R IR
R
R
R
R R
in which each R is independently hydrogen or a C1 to Ci0 alkyl group. Monoalkyl indenyl compounds are preferred.
DEFINITIONS
As used in this specification, the following terms have the meaning set forth:
(1) Cyclopentadienyl Compound - A compound of the formula R
R R
R
in which each R is independently hydrogen or a C, to C,,0 alkyl group. Monoalkyl, preferably C1 to C. monoalkyl, cyclopentadienyl compounds are preferred.
(2) Indenyl Compound - A compound of formula R IR
R
R
R
R R
in which each R is independently hydrogen or a C1 to Ci0 alkyl group. Monoalkyl indenyl compounds are preferred.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Ruthenium trichloride dihydrate and a cyclopentadienyl compound or an indenyl compound and an alkanol, preferably ethanol, are combined and treated with magnesium powder, preferably 50 to 200 mesh, at low temperatures with an appropriate stir out. A
bis(cyclopentadienyl) or bis(indenyl) ruthenecene may be isolated by filtration, followed by combination with an alkane solvent, preferably hexane, another, filtration, and subsequent passage through a silica column. The final product may be isolated in >99%
purity by crystallization from a C2 to C8 alkane solvent. Alternatively, a high purity product may be isolated by fractional crystallization.
Ruthenium trichioride dihydrate is dissolved in ethanol. The solution is cooled to -20 C to -30 C, and 4.0 to 4.4 equivalents of ethylcyclopentadiene (EtCp) are added. Over the course of 1 hr to 1.5 hr, magnesium powder (100 mesh) (3.0 equivalents) is added, and maintaining a temperature of -10 C to -30 C. The consequent reaction mixture is stirred out for about 19 hours at 10-15 C, or until gas chromatography analysis indicates that the reaction is complete. Thereafter, the reaction mixture is filtered, and the ethanol and unreacted ethyl cyclopentadiene are removed under vacuum. Hexane and 3.0 equivalents of Na2SO4 are added to the remaining slurry which is then stirred for 1-20 hrs. The solids are removed by filtration through Celite. The remaining yellow solution is distilled under vacuum to an oil. Hexane is added back to the oil, followed by a filtration through Celite or silica. A final run through a silica column may be appropriate to remove any color bodies.
Hexane is stripped from the yellow solution so produced. Pentane is added to the residual oil, and the product, (EtCp)2Ru, is crystallized at -30 C.
After removal of the supernatant, the pentane is then pumped off under vacuum. More than one crystallization may be appropriate to enhance purity. The yellow oil can be isolated in >99% purity with yields of 65%.
This synthesis is illustrated by equation 1:
4.4 EtCp + RuC13.2H20 10 to 30 C EtOH (E tCp) 2Ru 3.0 Mg Powder 94 g/mol 243.5 g/mol 24.3 g/mol 288 g/mol 4.576 mol 1.04 mol 3.12 mot 1.04 mol 430 g 253.2 g 75.8 g 300 g Equation 1 Any cyclopentadienyl or any indenyl compound as defined herein may be substituted for ethylcyclopentadiene in Example 1.
Ruthenium trichloride dihydrate and a cyclopentadienyl compound or an indenyl compound and an alkanol, preferably ethanol, are combined and treated with magnesium powder, preferably 50 to 200 mesh, at low temperatures with an appropriate stir out. A
bis(cyclopentadienyl) or bis(indenyl) ruthenecene may be isolated by filtration, followed by combination with an alkane solvent, preferably hexane, another, filtration, and subsequent passage through a silica column. The final product may be isolated in >99%
purity by crystallization from a C2 to C8 alkane solvent. Alternatively, a high purity product may be isolated by fractional crystallization.
Ruthenium trichioride dihydrate is dissolved in ethanol. The solution is cooled to -20 C to -30 C, and 4.0 to 4.4 equivalents of ethylcyclopentadiene (EtCp) are added. Over the course of 1 hr to 1.5 hr, magnesium powder (100 mesh) (3.0 equivalents) is added, and maintaining a temperature of -10 C to -30 C. The consequent reaction mixture is stirred out for about 19 hours at 10-15 C, or until gas chromatography analysis indicates that the reaction is complete. Thereafter, the reaction mixture is filtered, and the ethanol and unreacted ethyl cyclopentadiene are removed under vacuum. Hexane and 3.0 equivalents of Na2SO4 are added to the remaining slurry which is then stirred for 1-20 hrs. The solids are removed by filtration through Celite. The remaining yellow solution is distilled under vacuum to an oil. Hexane is added back to the oil, followed by a filtration through Celite or silica. A final run through a silica column may be appropriate to remove any color bodies.
Hexane is stripped from the yellow solution so produced. Pentane is added to the residual oil, and the product, (EtCp)2Ru, is crystallized at -30 C.
After removal of the supernatant, the pentane is then pumped off under vacuum. More than one crystallization may be appropriate to enhance purity. The yellow oil can be isolated in >99% purity with yields of 65%.
This synthesis is illustrated by equation 1:
4.4 EtCp + RuC13.2H20 10 to 30 C EtOH (E tCp) 2Ru 3.0 Mg Powder 94 g/mol 243.5 g/mol 24.3 g/mol 288 g/mol 4.576 mol 1.04 mol 3.12 mot 1.04 mol 430 g 253.2 g 75.8 g 300 g Equation 1 Any cyclopentadienyl or any indenyl compound as defined herein may be substituted for ethylcyclopentadiene in Example 1.
Magnesium powder of any desired mesh size, preferably 50 to 200 mesh, may be used. Any C2 to C.
alkanol may be used instead of ethanol.
A magnesium slurry was produced by adding 45.62g of 100 mesh magnesium powder (made by READS (1.88 moles) slowly to a 5 liter vessel containing 1.2L of ethanol (Filmex at room temperature (25 C). 323.00g of 76.8% pure cyclopentadiene (3.75 moles) at a temperature of about -50 C was added to the magnesium slurry, which was at room temperature, through an %
addition funnel. To this, a 0.35M solution of RuC13*1.8H2O in ethanol (Filmex (0.625 moles in 1.8L
of ethanol) was added over a 2.5 hour time period, via addition funnel, between --10 C and 10 C. The slurry turned from a grey color to brown to green to blue, and then back to grey/brown with each addition of ruthenium trichloride. The mixture was then stirred at a temperature of from 5 C to 10 C for 3 hours, and was then stirred out to room temperature overnight. The ethanol was then distilled off under rough pump, and toluene was added back to remove all of the ethanol.
When most of the ethanol was removed, the distillation was switched from rough pump to atomospheric pressure to prevent the product from foaming over into the receiver. When all of the ethanol was removed, the pot temperature was at 110 C. The yellow solution was hot filtered (100 C) through a cake of Celite that had been washed with hot toluene (100 C). The filtrate was concentrated by distilling off the toluene to 650m1, and the product crystallized out of the toluene solution as it cooled to room temperature. The yellow slurry was further cooled in a dry ice/acetone bath, and the light yellow crystalline solids were filtered onto a Buchner funnel, washed with 100ml of hexane, and pumped dry giving 134.3g of product (93% yield from first crop).
alkanol may be used instead of ethanol.
A magnesium slurry was produced by adding 45.62g of 100 mesh magnesium powder (made by READS (1.88 moles) slowly to a 5 liter vessel containing 1.2L of ethanol (Filmex at room temperature (25 C). 323.00g of 76.8% pure cyclopentadiene (3.75 moles) at a temperature of about -50 C was added to the magnesium slurry, which was at room temperature, through an %
addition funnel. To this, a 0.35M solution of RuC13*1.8H2O in ethanol (Filmex (0.625 moles in 1.8L
of ethanol) was added over a 2.5 hour time period, via addition funnel, between --10 C and 10 C. The slurry turned from a grey color to brown to green to blue, and then back to grey/brown with each addition of ruthenium trichloride. The mixture was then stirred at a temperature of from 5 C to 10 C for 3 hours, and was then stirred out to room temperature overnight. The ethanol was then distilled off under rough pump, and toluene was added back to remove all of the ethanol.
When most of the ethanol was removed, the distillation was switched from rough pump to atomospheric pressure to prevent the product from foaming over into the receiver. When all of the ethanol was removed, the pot temperature was at 110 C. The yellow solution was hot filtered (100 C) through a cake of Celite that had been washed with hot toluene (100 C). The filtrate was concentrated by distilling off the toluene to 650m1, and the product crystallized out of the toluene solution as it cooled to room temperature. The yellow slurry was further cooled in a dry ice/acetone bath, and the light yellow crystalline solids were filtered onto a Buchner funnel, washed with 100ml of hexane, and pumped dry giving 134.3g of product (93% yield from first crop).
Claims (6)
1. A process for producing a cyclopentadienyl or an indenyl ruthenecene complex which comprises treating a cyclopentadienyl or an indenyl compound with ruthenium trichloride hydrate and magnesium powder, in the presence of a C2 to C8 alkanol.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said treating takes place at the temperature of 0°C to -30°C.
3. The process of claims 1 or 2 wherein said alkanol is ethanol.
4. The process of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the mesh size of said magnesium powder is from about 50 mesh to about 200 mesh.
5. A process which comprises:
(i) treating a C2 or C5 monoalkyl cyclopentadiene with ruthenium trichloride hydrate and magnesium powder, wherein said treating is accomplished in the presence of ethanol and wherein said treating takes place at a temperature of 0°C to -30°C to produce a first reaction mixture;
(ii) agitating said first reaction mixture at about 10°C
to 15°C for a time period appropriate to complete the reaction, wherein a second reaction mixture comprising a slurry of C2 to C5 ruthenecene is produced;
(iii)filtering said second reaction mixture to provide a cake comprising the C2 to C5 ruthenecene; and (iv) recrystallizing said C2 to C5 ruthenecene present in said cake wherein a purified C2 to C5 ruthenecene product is obtained.
(i) treating a C2 or C5 monoalkyl cyclopentadiene with ruthenium trichloride hydrate and magnesium powder, wherein said treating is accomplished in the presence of ethanol and wherein said treating takes place at a temperature of 0°C to -30°C to produce a first reaction mixture;
(ii) agitating said first reaction mixture at about 10°C
to 15°C for a time period appropriate to complete the reaction, wherein a second reaction mixture comprising a slurry of C2 to C5 ruthenecene is produced;
(iii)filtering said second reaction mixture to provide a cake comprising the C2 to C5 ruthenecene; and (iv) recrystallizing said C2 to C5 ruthenecene present in said cake wherein a purified C2 to C5 ruthenecene product is obtained.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein said C2 to C5 monoalkyl cyclopentadiene of step (i) is ethyl cyclopentadiene and wherein said C2 to C5 ruthenecene of steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) is ethyl ruthenecene.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84562701A | 2001-04-30 | 2001-04-30 | |
| US09/845,627 | 2001-04-30 | ||
| US09/938,952 | 2001-08-24 | ||
| US09/938,952 US20020161253A1 (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2001-08-24 | Synthesis of bis (cyclopentadienyl) and bis (indenyl) ruthenium complexes |
| PCT/US2002/011834 WO2002088153A1 (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2002-04-11 | Synthesis of bis (cyclopendadienyl) and bis (indenyl) ruthenium complexes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2445856A1 CA2445856A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
| CA2445856C true CA2445856C (en) | 2011-11-01 |
Family
ID=27126588
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2445856A Expired - Lifetime CA2445856C (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2002-04-11 | Synthesis of bis(cyclopendadienyl) and bis(indenyl) ruthenium complexes |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6642402B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1390375B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004532237A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2445856C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002088153A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7893290B1 (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2011-02-22 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh | Process for the preparation of bis(pentadienyl)-complexes of iron group metals |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2912449A (en) * | 1955-06-02 | 1959-11-10 | Texaco Inc | Method for making bis-alkylated cyclopentadienyl compounds |
| US3306917A (en) * | 1965-08-02 | 1967-02-28 | Ethyl Corp | Process for preparing group viii metal cyclopentadienyl compounds |
| DE3205550A1 (en) * | 1982-02-17 | 1983-08-25 | Studiengesellschaft Kohle mbH, 4330 Mülheim | MANUFACTURE OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES |
| US4992305A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1991-02-12 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Chemical vapor deposition of transistion metals |
| JP3371328B2 (en) * | 1997-07-17 | 2003-01-27 | 株式会社高純度化学研究所 | Method for producing bis (alkylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium complex and method for producing ruthenium-containing thin film using the same |
| US6002036A (en) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-12-14 | Kabushikikaisha Kojundokagaku Kenkyusho | Process for producing bis(alkyl-cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium complexes and process for producing ruthenium-containing films by using the same |
| JP4512248B2 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2010-07-28 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Method for producing bis (alkylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium and method for chemical vapor deposition of bis (alkylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium and ruthenium thin film or ruthenium compound thin film produced by the method |
| JP4759126B2 (en) * | 2000-10-11 | 2011-08-31 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Organometallic compound for chemical vapor deposition, method for producing organometallic compound for chemical vapor deposition, noble metal thin film, and chemical vapor deposition method for noble metal compound thin film |
| JP3598055B2 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2004-12-08 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Method for producing bis (alkylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium and method for producing bis (alkylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium and ruthenium thin film or ruthenium compound thin film produced by the method |
| JP3620645B2 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2005-02-16 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Method for producing bis (cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium derivative, bis (cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium derivative produced by the production method, and method for producing ruthenium thin film or ruthenium compound thin film |
| US20020161253A1 (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2002-10-31 | Boulder Scientific Company | Synthesis of bis (cyclopentadienyl) and bis (indenyl) ruthenium complexes |
| US6521772B1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-02-18 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Synthesis of substituted ruthenocene complexes |
-
2002
- 2002-04-11 WO PCT/US2002/011834 patent/WO2002088153A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-04-11 EP EP02719511A patent/EP1390375B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-11 JP JP2002585451A patent/JP2004532237A/en active Pending
- 2002-04-11 CA CA2445856A patent/CA2445856C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-21 US US10/178,014 patent/US6642402B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2445856A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
| US20030045737A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
| JP2004532237A (en) | 2004-10-21 |
| US6642402B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 |
| EP1390375A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
| WO2002088153A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
| EP1390375B1 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
| EP1390375A4 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20220411 |