CA2449992A1 - Diffractive pigment flakes and compositions - Google Patents

Diffractive pigment flakes and compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2449992A1
CA2449992A1 CA002449992A CA2449992A CA2449992A1 CA 2449992 A1 CA2449992 A1 CA 2449992A1 CA 002449992 A CA002449992 A CA 002449992A CA 2449992 A CA2449992 A CA 2449992A CA 2449992 A1 CA2449992 A1 CA 2449992A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
pigment
diffractive
pigment flake
layer
composition
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Granted
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CA002449992A
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French (fr)
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CA2449992C (en
Inventor
Alberto Argoitia
Richard A. Bradley Jr.
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Viavi Solutions Inc
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Individual
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Publication of CA2449992A1 publication Critical patent/CA2449992A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C09C1/0021—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a core coated with only one layer having a high or low refractive index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0078—Pigments consisting of flaky, non-metallic substrates, characterised by a surface-region containing free metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/36—Pearl essence, e.g. coatings containing platelet-like pigments for pearl lustre
    • B42D2035/24—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/54—Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/1054—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of a metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/30—Interference pigments characterised by the thickness of the core or layers thereon or by the total thickness of the final pigment particle
    • C09C2200/301—Thickness of the core
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2210/00—Special effects or uses of interference pigments
    • C09C2210/30—A layer or the substrate forming a grating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2220/00—Methods of preparing the interference pigments
    • C09C2220/10—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2220/00—Methods of preparing the interference pigments
    • C09C2220/20—PVD, CVD methods or coating in a gas-phase using a fluidized bed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]

Abstract

Diffractive pigment flakes include single layer or multiple layer flakes tha t have a diffractive structure formed on a surface thereof. The multiple layer flakes can have a symmetrical stacked coating structure on opposing sides of a reflective core layer, or can be formed with encapsulating coatings around t he reflective core layer. The diffractive pigment flakes can be interspersed in to liquid media such as paints or inks to produce diffractive compositions for subsequent application to a variety of objects. The diffractive pigment flak es can be formed with a variety of diffractive structures thereon to produce selected optical effects.

Claims (62)

1. A diffractive pigment flake, comprising a layer of a first material having a reflective surface; and a diffractive structure formed on the reflective surface, the diffractive structure having a pitch and amplitude selected to decrease the intensity of a zero order diffracted light beam in order to increase the intensity and color contrast of at least one higher order diffracted light beam.
2. The pigment flake of claim 1, wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silver, copper, gold, platinum, tin, titanium, palladium, nickel, cobalt, rhodium, niobium, chromium, and compounds, combinations or alloys thereof.
3. The pigment flake of claim 1, further comprising at least one layer of a second material having a substantially higher modulus of elasticity than the first material to increase the stiffness of the diffractive pigment flake.
4. The pigment flake of claim 3, wherein the second material comprises a substantially transparent dielectric material.
5. The pigment flake of claim 4, wherein a layer of substantially transparent dielectric material is disposed on opposing sides of the layer of a first material.
6. The pigment flake of claim 4, wherein the dielectric material has a refractive index of about 1.65 or less.
7. The pigment flake of claim 4, wherein the dielectric material has a refractive index of about 1.5 or less.
8. The pigment flake of claim 4, wherein the dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of magnesium fluoride, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride, cerium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, neodymium fluoride, samarium fluoride, barium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and combinations thereof.
9. The pigment flake of claim 3, wherein the first material comprises aluminum and the second material comprises magnesium flouride.
10. The pigment flake of claim 1, wherein the pigment flake has a thickness of less than about 1.5 microns.
11. The pigment flake of claim 1, wherein the pigment flake has a width of less than about 50 microns.
12. The pigment flake of claim 1, wherein the pigment flake has a width of less than about 25 microns.
13. A diffractive pigment flake, comprising:
a reflective layer having a first surface and an opposing second surface; and a diffractive structure on at least one of the first or second surfaces, the diffractive structure having pitch of at least about 1,400 lines per mm and an amplitude modulation provided by a change in surface depth of at least about 150 nm.
14. The pigment flake of claim 13, wherein the pitch of the diffractive structure is about 2,000 lines per mm or less and the change in surface depth is about 220 nm or less.
15. The pigment flake of claim 13, further comprising at least one layer of a dielectric material.
16. The pigment flake of claim 15, wherein the reflective layer comprises aluminum and the dielectric material comprises magnesium flouride.
17. A diffractive pigment flake, comprising:
a reflective layer having a first surface and an opposing second surface;
a diffractive structure on at least a portion of one or both of the first and second surfaces, the diffractive structure capable of producing an angular separation of first and second order diffracted light beams such that there is no angular superposition of wavelengths from about 400 nm to about 800 nm within the first and second order diffracted light beams.
18. The pigment flake of claim 17, further comprising at least one layer of a dielectric material.
19. The pigment flake of claim 18, wherein the reflective layer comprises aluminum and the dielectric material comprises magnesium flouride.
20. A diffractive pigment flake, comprising:
a reflective layer having a first surface and an opposing second surface; and a diffractive structure on at least a portion of one or both of the first and second surfaces, the diffractive structure characterized at normal incidence by a ratio of zero order intensity to first order intensity of at least about 0.25 and an angular separation between zero order and first order diffracted light beams of at least about 30 degrees.
21. The pigment flake of claim 20, further comprising at least one layer of a dielectric material.
22. The pigment flake of claim 21, wherein the reflective layer comprises aluminum and the dielectric material comprises magnesium flouride.
23. A diffractive pigment flake, comprising:

a reflective layer having a first surface and an opposing second surface; and a diffractive structure on at least a portion of one or both of the first and second surfaces, the diffractive structure producing an angular separation of zero order and first order reflection of at least about 30 degrees.
24. The pigment flake of claim 23, further comprising at least one layer of a dielectric material.
25. The pigment flake of claim 24, wherein the reflective layer comprises aluminum and the dielectric material comprises magnesium flouride.
26. A diffractive pigment flake, comprising:
a central reflector layer having a first major surface, an opposing second major surface, and at least one side surface;
a first dielectric layer overlying the first major surface of the reflector layer; and a second dielectric layer overlying the second major surface of the reflector layer;
wherein the pigment flake has a diffraction grating pattern thereon with at least about 1,400 grating lines per mm and a grating depth of at least about 150 nm.
27. The pigment flake of claim 26, wherein the reflector layer comprises a reflective material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silver, copper, gold, platinum, tin, titanium, palladium, nickel, cobalt, rhodium, niobium, chromium, and compounds, combinations or alloys thereof.
28. The pigment flake of claim 26, wherein the reflector layer has a physical thickness of about 40 nm to about 200 nm.
29. The pigment flake of claim 26, wherein the first and second dielectric layers comprise a dielectric material having a refractive index of about 1.65 or less.
30. The pigment flake of claim 29, wherein the dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of magnesium fluoride, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride, cerium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, neodymium fluoride, samarium fluoride, barium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and combinations thereof.
31. The pigment flake of claim 26, wherein the first and second dielectric layers are on each of the first and second major surfaces but not on the at least one side surface of the reflector layer.
32. The pigment flake of claim 26, wherein the first and second dielectric layers each have a physical thickness of about 1 micron or less.
33. The pigment flake of claim 26, wherein the first and second dielectric layers comprise magnesium fluoride and the reflector layer comprises aluminum.
34. The pigment flake of claim 26, wherein the diffraction grating pattern has from about 1400 to about 3500 grating lines per mm, and a grating depth from about 150 nm to about 230 nm.
35. The pigment flake of claim 26, wherein the diffraction grating pattern has from about 1400 to about 2000 grating lines per mm, and a grating depth from about 160 nm to about 220 nm.
36. The pigment flake of claim 26, wherein the first and second dielectric layers form part of a contiguous dielectric layer substantially surrounding the reflector layer.
37. The pigment flake of claim 26, wherein the pigment flake has a physical thickness of about 500 nm to about 1400 nm.
38. A diffractive composition, comprising:
a pigment medium; and a plurality of diffractive pigment flakes dispersed in the pigment medium, the pigment flakes having a multilayer structure comprising:

a central reflector layer having a first major surface, and an opposing second major surface;
a first dielectric layer overlying the first major surface of the reflector layer; and a second dielectric layer overlying the second major surface of the reflector layer;

wherein the pigment flakes have a diffraction grating pattern thereon with at least about 1,400 grating lines per mm and a grating depth of at least about 150 nm.
39. The composition of claim 38, wherein the pigment flakes have a physical thickness of about 500 nm to about 1400 nm.
40. The composition of claim 38, wherein the pigment medium comprises a material selected from the group. consisting of acrylic melamine, urethanes, polyesters, vinyl resins, acrylates, methyl methacrylate, ABS resins, epoxies, styrenes, ink and paint formulations based on alkyd resins, and mixtures thereof.
41. The composition of claim 38, wherein the composition comprises an ink.
42. The composition of claim 41, wherein the diffractive pigment flakes have a preselected size and loading in the pigment medium suitable for use in a printing process selected from the group consisting of intaglio, lithography, silk screen, gravure, doctor blade, and wet coating.
43. The composition of claim 38, wherein the composition comprises a paint.
44. The composition of claim 43, wherein the paint is an automotive paint.
45. The composition of claim 38, wherein the pigment medium is a cosmetic formulation.
46. The composition of claim 38, wherein the pigment medium is a plastic material capable of being molded or extruded.
47. The composition of claim 38, wherein the first and second dielectric layers comprise magnesium fluoride and the reflector layer comprises aluminum.
48. The composition of claim 38, wherein the diffraction grating pattern has from about 1400 to about 3500 grating lines per mm, and a grating depth from about 150 nm to about 230 nm.
49. The composition of claim 38, wherein the diffraction grating pattern has from about 1400 to about 2000 grating lines per mm, and a grating depth from about 160 nm to about 220 nm.
50. The composition of claim 38, wherein the composition produces a substantially continuous tone iridescent diffractive effect when applied to an object.
51. The composition of claim 38, wherein the composition produces a substantially uniform and continuous color range observable under a mixture of diffuse and specular illumination when applied to a curved object.
52. The composition of claim 38, further comprising a plurality of non-diffractive pigment flakes dispersed in the pigment medium.
53. A coated article comprising:

an object having a surface;
a diffractive coating layer overlying at least a portion of the surface, the coating layer comprising a diffractive composition comprising:

a pigment medium; and a plurality of diffractive pigment flakes dispersed in the pigment medium, the pigment flakes having a diffraction grating pattern thereon with at least about 1,400 grating lines per mm and a grating depth of at least about 150 nm;
wherein the coating layer has a substantially continuous tone iridescent diffractive effect observable under a mixture of diffuse and directional illumination.
54. The coated article claim 53, wherein the diffractive coating layer comprises an ink or paint.
55. The coated article of claim 53, further comprising a base coating layer under the diffractive coating layer.
56. The coated article of claim 53, further comprising a transparent top coating layer overlying the diffractive coating layer.
57. The coated article of claim 53, wherein the coated article is a motor vehicle.
58. The coated article of claim 53, wherein the coated article is a security document.
59. The coated article of claim 53, further comprising a non-diffractive coating layer under the diffractive coating layer.
60. The coated article of claim 53, further comprising a non-diffractive coating layer partially overlying the diffractive coating layer.
61. The coated article of claim 53, further comprising a plurality of non-diffractive pigment flakes dispersed in the pigment medium.
62. An optical security device comprising:

a first region;

a second region; and an assembly of diffractive pigment flakes in at least one of the first or second regions, the pigment flakes having a diffractive structure comprising a sequence of substantially equally spaced linear features that provides for a decrease in a zero order diffracted light beam and a sufficient increase in a first or higher order diffracted light beam such that the appearance of the security device is dominated by the dispersion of light by first or higher order reflections.
CA2449992A 2001-07-31 2002-04-02 Diffractive pigment flakes and compositions Expired - Lifetime CA2449992C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/919,346 2001-07-31
US09/919,346 US6692830B2 (en) 2001-07-31 2001-07-31 Diffractive pigment flakes and compositions
PCT/US2002/010241 WO2003011980A1 (en) 2001-07-31 2002-04-02 Diffractive pigment flakes and compositions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2449992A1 true CA2449992A1 (en) 2003-02-13
CA2449992C CA2449992C (en) 2011-02-01

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US (2) US6692830B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1414913B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4927313B2 (en)
AU (1) AU2002254497B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2449992C (en)
WO (1) WO2003011980A1 (en)

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