CA2450119A1 - Flow control systems - Google Patents
Flow control systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2450119A1 CA2450119A1 CA002450119A CA2450119A CA2450119A1 CA 2450119 A1 CA2450119 A1 CA 2450119A1 CA 002450119 A CA002450119 A CA 002450119A CA 2450119 A CA2450119 A CA 2450119A CA 2450119 A1 CA2450119 A1 CA 2450119A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- pressure
- channel
- flow
- inlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/28—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
- G01N30/32—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of pressure or speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/56—Electro-osmotic dewatering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D11/00—Control of flow ratio
- G05D11/02—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
- G05D11/13—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D11/131—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components
- G05D11/132—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components by controlling the flow of the individual components
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
- G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
- G05D7/0694—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means or flow sources of very small size, e.g. microfluidics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/28—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
- G01N30/32—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of pressure or speed
- G01N2030/324—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of pressure or speed speed, flow rate
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/28—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
- G01N30/32—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of pressure or speed
- G01N2030/326—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of pressure or speed pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/85978—With pump
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/85978—With pump
- Y10T137/85986—Pumped fluid control
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/85978—With pump
- Y10T137/85986—Pumped fluid control
- Y10T137/86027—Electric
Abstract
A flow controller which uses a combination of hydrostatic pressure and electroosmotic flow to control the flow of a fluid. A driving fluid (1204) whose flow rate is dependent on both hydrostatic pressures and electroosmotic flow can be used (a) directly as a working fluid in an operable device, for example a chromatograph, or (b) to displace a working fluid (1203) from a storage container (625) into an operable device (1301), or both (a) and (b).
The driving fluid (1204) can be composed of one or more fluids. Part or all the driving fluid (1204) is passed through an electroosmotic device (100) so as to increase or decrease the flow rate induced by hydrostatic pressure.
The driving fluid (1204) can be composed of one or more fluids. Part or all the driving fluid (1204) is passed through an electroosmotic device (100) so as to increase or decrease the flow rate induced by hydrostatic pressure.
Claims (31)
1. A method of causing a working fluid to flow from a first point to a second point, which comprises applying a driving pressure to the working fluid at the first point, wherein at least part of the driving pressure is provided by a driving fluid whose rate of flow comprises (i) a hydrostatic component, and (ii) an electroosmotic component.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the driving fluid and the working fluid are the same.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the working fluid comprises a fluid which (i) is stored in a storage element at the first point, and (ii) is displaced from the storage element by the driving fluid.
4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the driving fluid flow is produced by a process which comprises (1) supplying a stream of fluid by hydrostatic pressure, and (2) removing some of the fluid from the stream by electroosmotic flow.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the driving fluid flow is produced by a process which comprises passing a mixture of first and second fluids under hydrostatic pressure through a channel in which electroosmotic flow is generated in the mixture.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the driving fluid flow is produced by a process which comprises mixing (i) the working fluid whose flow rate depends on a pressure which is partly or wholly hydrostatic, and (ii) a second fluid whose flow rate, before said mixing, depends on a pressure which is partly or wholly hydrostatic, wherein a mixture is created that passes through a channel in which electroosmotic flow is generated.
7. A method according to Claim 6 wherein (i) the working fluid (a) is supplied from a first source at a hydrostatic pressure P1, and (b) before it is mixed with the second fluid, passes through a first flow control element; and (ii) the second fluid (a) is supplied from a second source at a hydrostatic pressure P2, and (b) passes through a second flow control element; and wherein the first flow control element has a conductance k1, the second flow control element has a conductance k2, and the channel has a conductance k3; and 1+k3/k1 is greater than P1/ P2 and 1+k3/k2 is greater than P2/P1.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electroosmotic component is produced by passing an electrokinetic fluid through a channel in which the electroosmotic flow is generated in the electrokinetic fluid, and at least part of the electrokinetic fluid is (i) stored in a storage element, and (ii) is displaced from the storage element, before passing through the channel, by a fluid under hydrostatic pressure.
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein at least part of the driving fluid passes through a flow control element.
10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims which comprises (a) monitoring at least one variable by one or more of a pressure transducer, a flowmeter, a temperature sensor, a heat flux sensor, a displacement sensor, a load cell, a strain gauge, a conductivity sensor, a selective ion sensor, a pH
sensor, a flow spectrophotometer, and a turbidity sensor, and (b) changing, in response to said monitoring, an electrical potential which generates at least part of the electroosmotic component.
sensor, a flow spectrophotometer, and a turbidity sensor, and (b) changing, in response to said monitoring, an electrical potential which generates at least part of the electroosmotic component.
11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein variations in the electroosmotic component at least partially compensate for variations in the hydrostatic component.
12. A method according to any one of preceding claims wherein the rate of flow of the working fluid at the second point is less than 50 microliters/minute.
13. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the working fluid has at least one of the following characteristics:
(a) it comprises a liquid having an ionic strength of least 25 millimolar;
(b) it comprises a liquid having an ionic strength less than 0.5 millimolar;
(c) it comprises a liquid having a dynamic viscosity greater than 5 centipoise;
(d) it comprises a substantially pure organic liquid;
(e) it comprises a liquid having a dielectric constant less than 20;
(f) it comprises a liquid containing polyvalent ions;
(g) it comprises a liquid having a pH value less than 7; and (h) it comprises a liquid having a pH value less than 4.
(a) it comprises a liquid having an ionic strength of least 25 millimolar;
(b) it comprises a liquid having an ionic strength less than 0.5 millimolar;
(c) it comprises a liquid having a dynamic viscosity greater than 5 centipoise;
(d) it comprises a substantially pure organic liquid;
(e) it comprises a liquid having a dielectric constant less than 20;
(f) it comprises a liquid containing polyvalent ions;
(g) it comprises a liquid having a pH value less than 7; and (h) it comprises a liquid having a pH value less than 4.
14. A method according to any one of preceding claims wherein the fluid from the second point passes into a chromatograph.
15. A method according to any one of preceding claims wherein apparatus operating under a first set of conditions causes the working fluid to flow from the first point to the second point and through an operable device during a first time period, and thereafter the same apparatus operating under a second set of conditions causes the working fluid to flow from the first point to the second point and through an operable device during a second time period, the working fluid during the first time period being different from the working fluid during the second time period and/or the operating conditions of the operable device during the first time period being different from the operating conditions of the operable device during the second time period, and/or the operable device during the first time period being different from the operable device during the second time period.
16. Apparatus suitable for use in a method as claimed in any one of preceding claims, the apparatus comprising (1) a channel which includes an inlet and an outlet, and through which a fluid under pressure can flow from the inlet to the outlet;
(2) a porous solid dielectric material which is positioned within the channel between the inlet and the outlet; and (3) electrodes which are positioned so that, when an electrokinetic fluid under pressure is flowing through the channel between the inlet and the outlet, the rate at which the fluid flows can be changed by changing an electric potential connected to the electrodes;
said apparatus having at least one of the following characteristics:
(a) it comprises a flow control element through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet;
(b) it comprises a flow control element through which a fluid under pressure can flow after leaving the outlet;
(c) it comprises an operable device which employs a pressurized fluid in its operation and is connected to (1) the outlet, so that when pressurized flute flows from the outlet, it passes through the device, or (ii) a first outlet of a conduit having a second outlet connected to the channel and an inlet which can be connected to a source of pressurized fluid;
(d) it comprises a first source for a first fluid and a second source for a second fluid, both the first source and the second source being connected to the inlet so that pressurized fluid from the sources can pass through the inlet into the channel;
(e) it comprises a variable power supply connected to the electrodes;
(f) it comprises at least one sensor for monotoring a control signal, and a feedback control mechanism operatively connected to the sensor, whereby, when the apparatus includes a power supply connected to the electrodes, the feedback control mechanism modulates the electric potential supplied by the power supply;
(g) it comprises a conduit having (i) a first conduit outlet which is connected to the inlet, (ii) a second conduit outlet which can be connected to an operable device or a plurality of operable devices, and (iii) a conduit inlet which can be connected to a source of pressurized fluid, whereby, when pressurized fluid enters the conduit, a part of the pressurized fluid flows through the channel and the remainder of pressurized fluid flows through the device or devices;
(h) it comprises two or more said channels and a conduit having (i) a plurality of conduit inlets connected to an inlet or an outlet of each of said channels, and (ii) a conduit outlet which can be connected to an operable device or a plurality of operable devices;
(i) it comprises two or more said channels, the dielectric materials in the channels being different from each other;
(j) it comprises a pressure transducer through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet;
(k) it comprises a check valve through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet; and (l) it comprises an accumulator through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet.
(2) a porous solid dielectric material which is positioned within the channel between the inlet and the outlet; and (3) electrodes which are positioned so that, when an electrokinetic fluid under pressure is flowing through the channel between the inlet and the outlet, the rate at which the fluid flows can be changed by changing an electric potential connected to the electrodes;
said apparatus having at least one of the following characteristics:
(a) it comprises a flow control element through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet;
(b) it comprises a flow control element through which a fluid under pressure can flow after leaving the outlet;
(c) it comprises an operable device which employs a pressurized fluid in its operation and is connected to (1) the outlet, so that when pressurized flute flows from the outlet, it passes through the device, or (ii) a first outlet of a conduit having a second outlet connected to the channel and an inlet which can be connected to a source of pressurized fluid;
(d) it comprises a first source for a first fluid and a second source for a second fluid, both the first source and the second source being connected to the inlet so that pressurized fluid from the sources can pass through the inlet into the channel;
(e) it comprises a variable power supply connected to the electrodes;
(f) it comprises at least one sensor for monotoring a control signal, and a feedback control mechanism operatively connected to the sensor, whereby, when the apparatus includes a power supply connected to the electrodes, the feedback control mechanism modulates the electric potential supplied by the power supply;
(g) it comprises a conduit having (i) a first conduit outlet which is connected to the inlet, (ii) a second conduit outlet which can be connected to an operable device or a plurality of operable devices, and (iii) a conduit inlet which can be connected to a source of pressurized fluid, whereby, when pressurized fluid enters the conduit, a part of the pressurized fluid flows through the channel and the remainder of pressurized fluid flows through the device or devices;
(h) it comprises two or more said channels and a conduit having (i) a plurality of conduit inlets connected to an inlet or an outlet of each of said channels, and (ii) a conduit outlet which can be connected to an operable device or a plurality of operable devices;
(i) it comprises two or more said channels, the dielectric materials in the channels being different from each other;
(j) it comprises a pressure transducer through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet;
(k) it comprises a check valve through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet; and (l) it comprises an accumulator through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet.
17. Apparatus according to Claim 16 wherein the porous dielectric material comprises a fused silica capillary, silica particles, an organic polymer, or a product made by lithographic patterning, lithographic etching, direct injection molding, sol-gel processing, or electroforming.
18. Apparatus according to Claim 16 or 17 which comprises a power supply having electrodes, the power supply having one or both of the following characteristics (i) it is a variable power supply, and (ii) its electrodes are connected to the channels through a bridge.
19. Apparatus according to any one of claims 16 to 18 which comprises at least one sensor for monitoring a control signal, and a feedback control mechanism operatively connected to the sensor, whereby, when the apparatus includes a power supply connected to the electrodes, the feedback control mechanism maintains the control signal within a predetermined range by modulating the electric potential supplied by the power supply, the sensor being one or more of a pressure transducer, a flowmeter, a temperature sensor, a heat flue sensor, a displacement sensor, a load cell, a strain gauge, a conductivity sensor, a selective ion sensor, a pH sensor, a flow spectrophotometer, and a turbidity sensor.
20. The use of electroosmotic flow to modify the rate at which a pressurized working fluid is delivered to an operable device which employs the pressurized fluid in its operation.
21. A flow controller system, comprising:
(a) a first conduit having:
pressure P1;
(i) a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at (ii) a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, wherein P3<P1; and node; and (iii) a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and a first (b) a second conduit having:
(i) a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressure P2, wherein P3<P2;
(ii) a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first conduit;
(iii) a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet; and (iv) a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at a second node with the second flow element outlet;
wherein .alpha.1=.theta.1v1, where m is the internal volume of the first node and .theta.1 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v1, .alpha.2=.theta.2v2 where v2 is the internal volume of the second node and .theta.2 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v2, the first flow element has a conductance of k1, the second flow element has a conductance of k2, and wherein .alpha.1>.alpha.2/k2.
(a) a first conduit having:
pressure P1;
(i) a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at (ii) a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, wherein P3<P1; and node; and (iii) a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and a first (b) a second conduit having:
(i) a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressure P2, wherein P3<P2;
(ii) a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first conduit;
(iii) a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet; and (iv) a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at a second node with the second flow element outlet;
wherein .alpha.1=.theta.1v1, where m is the internal volume of the first node and .theta.1 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v1, .alpha.2=.theta.2v2 where v2 is the internal volume of the second node and .theta.2 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v2, the first flow element has a conductance of k1, the second flow element has a conductance of k2, and wherein .alpha.1>.alpha.2/k2.
22. A flow controller system, comprising:
(a) a first conduit having:
(i) a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1;
(ii) a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, wherein P3<P1; and (iii) a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and a first node; and (b) a second conduit having:
(i) a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressure P2, wherein P3<P2;
(ii) a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first conduit;
(iii) a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet; and (iv) a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at a second node at pressure PN2, with the second flow element outlet;
(c) a pressure transducer located at either the first or the second node; and (d) an accumulator located at the opposite node as the pressure transducer;
wherein .alpha.1=.theta.1v1, where m is the internal volume of the first node and .theta.1 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within m, .alpha.2=.theta.2v2 where v2 is the internal volume of the second node and .theta.2 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v2, the first flow element has a conductance of k1, the second flow element has a conductance of k~, and wherein .alpha.1/k1.alpha.2/k2.
(a) a first conduit having:
(i) a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1;
(ii) a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, wherein P3<P1; and (iii) a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and a first node; and (b) a second conduit having:
(i) a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressure P2, wherein P3<P2;
(ii) a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first conduit;
(iii) a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet; and (iv) a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at a second node at pressure PN2, with the second flow element outlet;
(c) a pressure transducer located at either the first or the second node; and (d) an accumulator located at the opposite node as the pressure transducer;
wherein .alpha.1=.theta.1v1, where m is the internal volume of the first node and .theta.1 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within m, .alpha.2=.theta.2v2 where v2 is the internal volume of the second node and .theta.2 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v2, the first flow element has a conductance of k1, the second flow element has a conductance of k~, and wherein .alpha.1/k1.alpha.2/k2.
23. A flow controller system, comprising:
(a) a first conduit having:
(i) a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1;
(ii) a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, wherein P3< P1; and (iii) a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and a first node; and (b) a second conduit having:
(i) a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressured P2, wherein P3<P2;
(ii) a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first conduit;
(iii) a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet; and (iv) a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at a second node with the second flow element outlet;
(c) a pressure transducer located at either the first or the second node; and (d) a check valve between the first and second nodes;
wherein .alpha.1 =.theta.1v1, where m is the internal volume of the first node and .theta.1 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v1, .alpha.2=.theta.2v2 where v2 is the internal volume of the second node and .theta.2 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v2, the first flow element has a conductance of k1, the second flow element has a conductance of k2, and wherein .alpha.1/k1>a2/k2.
(a) a first conduit having:
(i) a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1;
(ii) a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, wherein P3< P1; and (iii) a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and a first node; and (b) a second conduit having:
(i) a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressured P2, wherein P3<P2;
(ii) a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first conduit;
(iii) a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet; and (iv) a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at a second node with the second flow element outlet;
(c) a pressure transducer located at either the first or the second node; and (d) a check valve between the first and second nodes;
wherein .alpha.1 =.theta.1v1, where m is the internal volume of the first node and .theta.1 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v1, .alpha.2=.theta.2v2 where v2 is the internal volume of the second node and .theta.2 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v2, the first flow element has a conductance of k1, the second flow element has a conductance of k2, and wherein .alpha.1/k1>a2/k2.
24. A flow controller system, comprising:
(a) a first channel having:
(i) a first channel fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a first fluid source at pressure P~ and a second fluid source at pressure P2;
(ii) a first channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the first channel fluid inlet and, at pressure P3, with a fluid terminus, wherein P3<P1 and P3<P2; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the first channel;
(b) a second channel having:
(i) a second channel fluid inlet in fluid communication with the second fluid source;
(ii) a second channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second channel fluid inlet and, at the first nude, with the first channel suet; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the second channel; and (c) a power supply in electrical communication with spaced electrodes for applying an electrical potential to the electrodes, the electrodes being positioned so that the channels are electrokinetically active when the power supply applies an electric potential to the electrodes;
wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through at least one of the first and the second channels, wherein the electroosmotically-driven flow component modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1- P3 and the P2-P3 pressure differentials.
(a) a first channel having:
(i) a first channel fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a first fluid source at pressure P~ and a second fluid source at pressure P2;
(ii) a first channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the first channel fluid inlet and, at pressure P3, with a fluid terminus, wherein P3<P1 and P3<P2; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the first channel;
(b) a second channel having:
(i) a second channel fluid inlet in fluid communication with the second fluid source;
(ii) a second channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second channel fluid inlet and, at the first nude, with the first channel suet; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the second channel; and (c) a power supply in electrical communication with spaced electrodes for applying an electrical potential to the electrodes, the electrodes being positioned so that the channels are electrokinetically active when the power supply applies an electric potential to the electrodes;
wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through at least one of the first and the second channels, wherein the electroosmotically-driven flow component modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1- P3 and the P2-P3 pressure differentials.
25. A flow controller system, comprising:
(a) a first channel having:
(i) a first channel fluid inlet in fluid communication at a first node with a first fluid source at pressure P1 and a second fluid source at pressure P2;
(ii) a first channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the first channel fluid inlet and, at pressure Pa, with a fluid terminus, wherein P3<P1 and P3<P2; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the first channel;
(b) a second channel having:
(i) a second channel fluid inlet in fluid communication with the second fluid source;
(ii) a second channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second channel fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first channel; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the second channel;
(c) a first power supply in electrical communication with a first set of spaced electrodes fox applying a first electric potential to the first set of spaced electrodes, the first set of spaced electrodes being positioned so that the first channel is electrokinetically active when the first power supply applies an electric potential to the first set of spaced electrodes;
(d) a second power supply in electrical communication with a second set of spaced electrodes for applying a second electric potential to the second set of spaced electrodes, the second set of spaced electrodes being positioned so that the second channel is electrokinetically active when the second power supply applies an electric potential to the second set of spaced electrodes;
wherein the first electric potential generates a first electroosmotically-driven flow component through the first channel, the first electroosmotically-driven flow component modulating at least one pressure- driven flow component resulting from the P1-P3 and the P2- P3 pressure differentials and the second electric potential generates a second electroosmotically-driven flow component through the second channel, the second electroosmotically-driven flow component modulating at least one pressure-driven flow components resulting from the P1-P3 and the P2- P3 pressure differentials.
(a) a first channel having:
(i) a first channel fluid inlet in fluid communication at a first node with a first fluid source at pressure P1 and a second fluid source at pressure P2;
(ii) a first channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the first channel fluid inlet and, at pressure Pa, with a fluid terminus, wherein P3<P1 and P3<P2; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the first channel;
(b) a second channel having:
(i) a second channel fluid inlet in fluid communication with the second fluid source;
(ii) a second channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second channel fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first channel; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the second channel;
(c) a first power supply in electrical communication with a first set of spaced electrodes fox applying a first electric potential to the first set of spaced electrodes, the first set of spaced electrodes being positioned so that the first channel is electrokinetically active when the first power supply applies an electric potential to the first set of spaced electrodes;
(d) a second power supply in electrical communication with a second set of spaced electrodes for applying a second electric potential to the second set of spaced electrodes, the second set of spaced electrodes being positioned so that the second channel is electrokinetically active when the second power supply applies an electric potential to the second set of spaced electrodes;
wherein the first electric potential generates a first electroosmotically-driven flow component through the first channel, the first electroosmotically-driven flow component modulating at least one pressure- driven flow component resulting from the P1-P3 and the P2- P3 pressure differentials and the second electric potential generates a second electroosmotically-driven flow component through the second channel, the second electroosmotically-driven flow component modulating at least one pressure-driven flow components resulting from the P1-P3 and the P2- P3 pressure differentials.
26. A flow controller system, comprising:
(a) a channel having:
(i) a fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a fluid source at pressure P1;
(ii) a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P2, with a first fluid terminus, wherein P2<P1; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the channel;
(b) a power supply in electrical communication with spaced electrodes for applying an electric potential to the spaced electrodes, the spaced electrodes being positioned so that the channel is electrokinetically active when the power supply applies an electric potential to the electrodes; and (c) a first fluid storage element being disposed between the node and a second fluid terminus at pressure P3, wherein P3<P1, wherein the first fluid storage element has a first fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication at the node with the fluid source, and wherein the first fluid storage element also has a first fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the first fluid storage element inlet and the second fluid terminus;
wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1-P2 and the P1-P3 pressure differentials.
(a) a channel having:
(i) a fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a fluid source at pressure P1;
(ii) a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P2, with a first fluid terminus, wherein P2<P1; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the channel;
(b) a power supply in electrical communication with spaced electrodes for applying an electric potential to the spaced electrodes, the spaced electrodes being positioned so that the channel is electrokinetically active when the power supply applies an electric potential to the electrodes; and (c) a first fluid storage element being disposed between the node and a second fluid terminus at pressure P3, wherein P3<P1, wherein the first fluid storage element has a first fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication at the node with the fluid source, and wherein the first fluid storage element also has a first fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the first fluid storage element inlet and the second fluid terminus;
wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1-P2 and the P1-P3 pressure differentials.
27. A flow controller system, comprising:
(a) a channel having:
(i) a fluid inlet in liquid communication with a fluid source at pressure P1;
(ii) a fluid. outlet in liquid communication with a first fluid terminus at pressure P2, wherein P2<P1; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the channel;
(b) a power supply in. electrical communication with spaced electrodes for applying an electric potential to the spaced electrodes, the spaced electrodes being positioned so that the channel is electrokinetically active when the power supply applies an electric potential to the electrodes; and (c) a fluid storage element fluid disposed between the fluid source and the channel, the fluid storage element having a fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication with a fluid source, the fluid storage element also having a fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the fluid storage element inlet and the fluid inlet;
whereby the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates a pressure-drive flow component resulting from the P~-P2 pressure differential.
(a) a channel having:
(i) a fluid inlet in liquid communication with a fluid source at pressure P1;
(ii) a fluid. outlet in liquid communication with a first fluid terminus at pressure P2, wherein P2<P1; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the channel;
(b) a power supply in. electrical communication with spaced electrodes for applying an electric potential to the spaced electrodes, the spaced electrodes being positioned so that the channel is electrokinetically active when the power supply applies an electric potential to the electrodes; and (c) a fluid storage element fluid disposed between the fluid source and the channel, the fluid storage element having a fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication with a fluid source, the fluid storage element also having a fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the fluid storage element inlet and the fluid inlet;
whereby the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates a pressure-drive flow component resulting from the P~-P2 pressure differential.
25. A method for controlling a flow of a fluid, comprising:
applying an electric potential to spaced electrodes in electrical communication with a channel, the channel having a porous dielectric material disposed therein, the channel also having a fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1 and a second fluid source at pressure P2, the channel also having a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P3, with a terminus, wherein P3<P1 and P3<P2, wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1-P3 and the P1-P3 pressure differentials.
applying an electric potential to spaced electrodes in electrical communication with a channel, the channel having a porous dielectric material disposed therein, the channel also having a fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1 and a second fluid source at pressure P2, the channel also having a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P3, with a terminus, wherein P3<P1 and P3<P2, wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1-P3 and the P1-P3 pressure differentials.
29. A method of controlling the flow of a fluid comprising:
(a) placing a first accumulator at a first node, wherein the first node is in a first conduit having: a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1, a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 , wherein P3<P1, and a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and the first fluid outlet;
(b) placing a second accumulator at a second node;
wherein, the second node is in a second conduit having: a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressure P2, wherein P3<P2, a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the first conduit, at the first node, a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet, and a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at the second node with the second fluid inlet.
(a) placing a first accumulator at a first node, wherein the first node is in a first conduit having: a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1, a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 , wherein P3<P1, and a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and the first fluid outlet;
(b) placing a second accumulator at a second node;
wherein, the second node is in a second conduit having: a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressure P2, wherein P3<P2, a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the first conduit, at the first node, a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet, and a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at the second node with the second fluid inlet.
30. A method of controlling a flow of a fluid, comprising:
applying an electric potential to spaced electrodes in electrical communication with a channel, the channel having a porous dielectric material disposed therein, the channel also having a fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a fluid source at pressure P1, the channel also having a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P2, with a first fluid terminus, wherein P2 < P1, and wherein a fluid storage element is disposed between the node and a second fluid terminus at pressure P3, wherein P3 < P1, the fluid storage element having a fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication at the node with the fluid source, the fluid storage element also having a fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the fluid storage element inlet and the second fluid terminus, wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1 - P2 and the P1 - P3 pressure differentials.
applying an electric potential to spaced electrodes in electrical communication with a channel, the channel having a porous dielectric material disposed therein, the channel also having a fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a fluid source at pressure P1, the channel also having a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P2, with a first fluid terminus, wherein P2 < P1, and wherein a fluid storage element is disposed between the node and a second fluid terminus at pressure P3, wherein P3 < P1, the fluid storage element having a fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication at the node with the fluid source, the fluid storage element also having a fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the fluid storage element inlet and the second fluid terminus, wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1 - P2 and the P1 - P3 pressure differentials.
31. A method for controlling a flow of fluid, comprising:
applying an electric potential to spaced electrodes in electrical communication with a channel, the channel having a porous dielectric material disposed therein, the channel also having a fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a fluid source at pressure P1, the channel also having a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P2, with a first fluid terminus, wherein P2 < P1, and wherein a fluid storage element is disposed between the node and the fluid inlet, the fluid storage element having a fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication at the node with the fluid source, the fluid storage element also having a fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the fluid storage element inlet and the fluid inlet, wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically driven flow component through the channel that modulates a pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1 - P2 pressure differential.
applying an electric potential to spaced electrodes in electrical communication with a channel, the channel having a porous dielectric material disposed therein, the channel also having a fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a fluid source at pressure P1, the channel also having a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P2, with a first fluid terminus, wherein P2 < P1, and wherein a fluid storage element is disposed between the node and the fluid inlet, the fluid storage element having a fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication at the node with the fluid source, the fluid storage element also having a fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the fluid storage element inlet and the fluid inlet, wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically driven flow component through the channel that modulates a pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1 - P2 pressure differential.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US29814701P | 2001-06-13 | 2001-06-13 | |
US60/298,147 | 2001-06-13 | ||
US09/942,884 US20020189947A1 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2001-08-29 | Electroosmotic flow controller |
US09/942,884 | 2001-08-29 | ||
US10/155,474 | 2002-05-24 | ||
US10/155,474 US20020195344A1 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2002-05-24 | Combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flow system |
PCT/US2002/019121 WO2002101474A2 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2002-06-13 | Flow control systems |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2450119A1 true CA2450119A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
CA2450119C CA2450119C (en) | 2011-08-23 |
Family
ID=26970501
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2450119 Expired - Fee Related CA2450119C (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2002-06-13 | Flow control systems |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (7) | US20020189947A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1407330B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2004530221A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002312530A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2450119C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002101474A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (119)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6418968B1 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2002-07-16 | Nanostream, Inc. | Porous microfluidic valves |
US20020186263A1 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-12 | Nanostream, Inc. | Microfluidic fraction collectors |
US7465382B2 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2008-12-16 | Eksigent Technologies Llc | Precision flow control system |
US20020189947A1 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2002-12-19 | Eksigent Technologies Llp | Electroosmotic flow controller |
DE10130070A1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2003-01-02 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | X-ray tube with liquid metal target |
US6627465B2 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-09-30 | Micron Technology, Inc. | System and method for detecting flow in a mass flow controller |
US20030098661A1 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-05-29 | Ken Stewart-Smith | Control system for vehicle seats |
WO2003050035A2 (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-06-19 | Nanostream, Inc. | Adhesiveless microfluidic device fabrication |
US6814859B2 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2004-11-09 | Nanostream, Inc. | Frit material and bonding method for microfluidic separation devices |
US7261812B1 (en) | 2002-02-13 | 2007-08-28 | Nanostream, Inc. | Multi-column separation devices and methods |
US20030164297A1 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2003-09-04 | Corning Incorporated | Electrophoretic inorganic porous material |
CA2490876A1 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-02-19 | Gaspardo Seminatrici S.P.A. | A volumetric metering device for the metered delivery of granular and powdery materials, particularly for machines for distributing the said materials |
US7235164B2 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2007-06-26 | Eksigent Technologies, Llc | Electrokinetic pump having capacitive electrodes |
US7364647B2 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2008-04-29 | Eksigent Technologies Llc | Laminated flow device |
US7517440B2 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2009-04-14 | Eksigent Technologies Llc | Electrokinetic delivery systems, devices and methods |
US7214320B1 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2007-05-08 | Nanostream, Inc. | Systems and methods for high throughput sample analysis |
WO2004015411A1 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-19 | Nanostream, Inc. | Systems and methods for high-throughput microfluidic sample analysis |
US20040092033A1 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2004-05-13 | Nanostream, Inc. | Systems and methods for preparing microfluidic devices for operation |
AU2003287449A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-25 | Nanostream, Inc. | Parallel detection chromatography systems |
US7010964B2 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2006-03-14 | Nanostream, Inc. | Pressurized microfluidic devices with optical detection regions |
US6936167B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2005-08-30 | Nanostream, Inc. | System and method for performing multiple parallel chromatographic separations |
JP2004184138A (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2004-07-02 | Nec Corp | Separator, separation method, and mass spectrometric analysis system |
US20040107996A1 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-10 | Crocker Robert W. | Variable flow control apparatus |
KR101036114B1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2011-05-23 | 가부시키가이샤 니콘 | Exposure apparatus, exposure method and method for manufacturing device |
US20060076482A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2006-04-13 | Hobbs Steven E | High throughput systems and methods for parallel sample analysis |
US6987263B2 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2006-01-17 | Nanostream, Inc. | High throughput systems and methods for parallel sample analysis |
US20040179972A1 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-16 | Nanostream, Inc. | Systems and methods for detecting manufacturing defects in microfluidic devices |
US7178386B1 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2007-02-20 | Nanostream, Inc. | Parallel fluid processing systems and methods |
US6962658B2 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2005-11-08 | Eksigent Technologies, Llc | Variable flow rate injector |
US20050032238A1 (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-02-10 | Nanostream, Inc. | Vented microfluidic separation devices and methods |
US7028536B2 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2006-04-18 | Nanostream, Inc. | Sealing interface for microfluidic device |
US7217351B2 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2007-05-15 | Beta Micropump Partners Llc | Valve for controlling flow of a fluid |
WO2005043112A2 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-05-12 | West Virginia University Research Corporation | Apparatus and method for edman degradation on a microfluidic device utilizing an electroosmotic flow pump |
US7106938B2 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2006-09-12 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Self assembled three-dimensional photonic crystal |
US7559356B2 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2009-07-14 | Eksident Technologies, Inc. | Electrokinetic pump driven heat transfer system |
TWI257553B (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2006-07-01 | Asustek Comp Inc | Multiple over-clocking main board and control method thereof |
US7429317B2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2008-09-30 | Eksigent Technologies Llc | Electrokinetic device employing a non-newtonian liquid |
CA2496481A1 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-09 | Mds Inc., Doing Business Through It's Mds Sciex Division | Method and apparatus for sample deposition |
DE602005025974D1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2011-03-03 | Agilent Technologies Inc | Apparatus and method for providing solvents with correction of piston movement |
US7556776B2 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2009-07-07 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Microfluidic manipulation of fluids and reactions |
US20070183928A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-08-09 | Eksigent Technologies, Llc | Variable flow rate system for column chromatography |
US20070073277A1 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-03-29 | Medicalcv, Inc. | Controlled guided ablation treatment |
KR100697292B1 (en) * | 2005-10-04 | 2007-03-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Semiconductor device and method for forming thereof |
WO2007062182A2 (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-31 | Eksigent Technologies, Llp | Electrokinetic pump designs and drug delivery systems |
US20070170056A1 (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-07-26 | Arnold Don W | Microscale electrochemical cell and methods incorporating the cell |
US8577469B2 (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2013-11-05 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Iontophoretic and electroosmotic disc treatment |
US20080032290A1 (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-02-07 | Young James E | Nanopore flow cells |
JP5360519B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2013-12-04 | 西川 正名 | Electroosmotic material, manufacturing method thereof, and electroosmotic flow pump |
US7516658B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2009-04-14 | Rosemount Inc. | Electro-kinetic pressure/flow sensor |
US8216445B2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2012-07-10 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Nanoporous insulating oxide deionization device having asymmetric electrodes and method of use thereof |
US20080152510A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Beta Micropump Partners Llc | Valve for controlling flow of a primary fluid |
US20080154242A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Beta Micropump Partners Llc | Delivery device for a fluid |
US20080154243A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Beta Micropump Partners Llc | Delivery device for a fluid |
US20080182136A1 (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | Arnold Don W | Microscale Electrochemical Cell And Methods Incorporating The Cell |
US7867592B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2011-01-11 | Eksigent Technologies, Inc. | Methods, compositions and devices, including electroosmotic pumps, comprising coated porous surfaces |
WO2009042898A1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-02 | Washington University In Saint Louis | Irreversible gels |
WO2009076134A1 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2009-06-18 | Eksigent Technologies, Llc | Electrokinetic pump with fixed stroke volume |
SI22680A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-06-30 | Itw Metalflex, D.O.O. Tolmin | Multipurpose transformer for device which uses water |
EP2235517B1 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2018-08-01 | O. I. Corporation | System and method for regulating flow in fluidic devices |
CA2711761A1 (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-23 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Apparatus, system, and method for mass analysis of a sample |
US8173080B2 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2012-05-08 | Illumina, Inc. | Flow cells and manifolds having an electroosmotic pump |
JP4457155B2 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2010-04-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Nuclear magnetic resonance measuring apparatus and measuring method using nuclear magnetic resonance measuring apparatus |
US9664619B2 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2017-05-30 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Microfluidic device for storage and well-defined arrangement of droplets |
CN102037423B (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2014-02-05 | 株式会社富士金 | Discontinuous switching flow control method of fluid using pressure type flow controller |
CN102308090B (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2015-12-02 | 伊路敏纳公司 | There is the electroosmotic pump of the gas delivery of improvement |
CN102369434B (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2014-01-15 | 株式会社岛津制作所 | Liquid chromatograph |
KR20110046867A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Microfluidic device comprising gas providing unit, and method for mixing liquids and generate emulsion using the same |
US8943887B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2015-02-03 | Waters Technologies Corporation | Thermal-based flow sensing apparatuses and methods for high-performance liquid chromatography |
GB2477287B (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2012-02-15 | Izon Science Ltd | Control of particle flow in an aperture |
US8746270B2 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2014-06-10 | Brg Industries Incorporated | Precision low flow rate fluid delivery system and methods for controlling same |
EP2579977A4 (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2017-09-13 | Empire Technology Development LLC | Adjustable pressure microreactor |
CN102947768B (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2016-05-18 | 通用电气健康护理生物科学股份公司 | Prepare the method for liquid mixture |
JP5304749B2 (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2013-10-02 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Vacuum analyzer |
US8729502B1 (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2014-05-20 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Simultaneous, single-detector fluorescence detection of multiple analytes with frequency-specific lock-in detection |
JP5935696B2 (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2016-06-15 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | Portable liquid chromatograph and liquid chromatography |
CN108956788B (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2022-08-02 | 明尼苏达大学评议会 | Valve and flow diversion system for multidimensional liquid analysis |
CA2834708A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-08 | Eksigent Technologies, Llc | Gel coupling for electrokinetic delivery systems |
CA2834555A1 (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-08 | Eksigent Technologies, Llc | System and method of differential pressure control of a reciprocating electrokinetic pump |
US8727231B2 (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2014-05-20 | Dh Technologies Development Pte. Ltd. | Sealed microfluidic conduit assemblies and methods for fabricating them |
US8603834B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2013-12-10 | General Electric Company | Actuation of valves using electroosmotic pump |
JP5915467B2 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2016-05-11 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Liquid feeding tube for liquid chromatograph detector and liquid chromatograph |
CA2885213A1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Electro-osmotic pumps with electrodes comprising a lanthanide oxide or an actinide oxide |
AR093417A1 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2015-06-03 | Krohne Ag | NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE FLOW MEASUREMENT DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR OPERATING A NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE FLOW MEASUREMENT DEVICE |
US9731122B2 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2017-08-15 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Electroosmotic tissue treatment |
WO2015095590A1 (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-25 | Eksigent Technologies Llc | System and method of control of a reciprocating electrokinetic pump |
DE112015000770T5 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2016-10-27 | Idex Health & Science, Llc | Volumetric flow regulation in multi-dimensional fluid analysis systems |
US9416777B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2016-08-16 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Control circuits for electrochemical pump with E-valves |
KR101629329B1 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-10 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Supplying module for mineral water |
US9945762B2 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2018-04-17 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for introducing sample into a separation unit of a chromatography system without disrupting a mobile phase |
US9616221B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2017-04-11 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Electrical treatment of Alzheimer's disease |
US9956558B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2018-05-01 | HJ Science & Technology, Inc. | Reconfigurable microfluidic systems: homogeneous assays |
US9733239B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2017-08-15 | HJ Science & Technology, Inc. | Reconfigurable microfluidic systems: scalable, multiplexed immunoassays |
US9956557B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2018-05-01 | HJ Science & Technology, Inc. | Reconfigurable microfluidic systems: microwell plate interface |
US10957561B2 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2021-03-23 | Lam Research Corporation | Gas delivery system |
US9724515B2 (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2017-08-08 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Electrical substance clearance from the brain for treatment of Alzheimer's disease |
US10898716B2 (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2021-01-26 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Electrical substance clearance from the brain |
US10518085B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 | 2019-12-31 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Disc therapy |
US9770591B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 | 2017-09-26 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Disc therapy |
US11484706B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 | 2022-11-01 | Discure Technologies Ltd | Disc therapy |
US9950156B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2018-04-24 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Disc therapy |
US10825659B2 (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2020-11-03 | Lam Research Corporation | Substrate processing chamber including multiple gas injection points and dual injector |
US10699878B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2020-06-30 | Lam Research Corporation | Chamber member of a plasma source and pedestal with radially outward positioned lift pins for translation of a substrate c-ring |
US10651015B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2020-05-12 | Lam Research Corporation | Variable depth edge ring for etch uniformity control |
US10830673B2 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2020-11-10 | Oil & Gas Process Solutions | Servo-electric controlled auto sampler system |
US10569086B2 (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2020-02-25 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Electrical microglial cell activation |
EP3607324A4 (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2021-01-13 | Tokitae LLC | Flow assay with at least one electrically-actuated fluid flow control valve and related methods |
US10758722B2 (en) | 2017-05-03 | 2020-09-01 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Electrical treatment of Parkinson's disease |
DE102017119667B4 (en) | 2017-08-28 | 2023-05-25 | Dionex Softron Gmbh | Measurement of a fluid flow |
CN108279522B (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2021-02-02 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Reflecting device, pixel unit, display device and manufacturing method thereof |
EP3765141A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2021-01-20 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Electrical substance clearance from the brain |
EP3787795A4 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2022-01-26 | Protein Fluidics, Inc. | Valveless fluidic switching flowchip and uses thereof |
US11123197B2 (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-09-21 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Hydropneumatic artificial intervertebral disc |
CN110673662B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-06-14 | 广东工业大学 | Device and method for accurately controlling drug molecules |
US10881858B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2021-01-05 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Electrical substance clearance from the brain |
DE102019126883A1 (en) * | 2019-10-07 | 2021-04-08 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Method for monitoring a measuring device system |
CA3109577A1 (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-08-20 | Well-Focused Technologies, LLC | Scalable treatment system for autonomous chemical treatment |
US11298530B1 (en) | 2021-05-03 | 2022-04-12 | Discure Technologies Ltd. | Synergistic therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration |
US11344721B1 (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2022-05-31 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Cartilage treatment |
US11413455B1 (en) | 2022-02-08 | 2022-08-16 | Rainbow Medical Ltd. | Electrical treatment of Alzheimer's disease |
Family Cites Families (111)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US35010A (en) * | 1862-04-22 | Improved lamp-burner | ||
US2615940A (en) * | 1949-10-25 | 1952-10-28 | Williams Milton | Electrokinetic transducing method and apparatus |
US2661430A (en) * | 1951-11-27 | 1953-12-01 | Jr Edward V Hardway | Electrokinetic measuring instrument |
US2644902A (en) * | 1951-11-27 | 1953-07-07 | Jr Edward V Hardway | Electrokinetic device and electrode arrangement therefor |
US2644900A (en) * | 1951-11-27 | 1953-07-07 | Jr Edward V Hardway | Electrokinetic device |
US2995714A (en) * | 1955-07-13 | 1961-08-08 | Kenneth W Hannah | Electrolytic oscillator |
CA662714A (en) * | 1958-11-28 | 1963-05-07 | Union Carbide Corporation | Electro-osmotic cell |
CA692504A (en) * | 1960-04-22 | 1964-08-11 | N. Estes Nelson | Electro-osmotic integrator |
GB1122586A (en) * | 1964-09-02 | 1968-08-07 | Mack Gordon | Electro-hydraulic transducer |
US3544237A (en) * | 1968-12-19 | 1970-12-01 | Dornier System Gmbh | Hydraulic regulating device |
US3682239A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1972-08-08 | Momtaz M Abu Romia | Electrokinetic heat pipe |
US3917531A (en) * | 1974-02-11 | 1975-11-04 | Spectra Physics | Flow rate feedback control chromatograph |
JPS50116893A (en) | 1974-02-28 | 1975-09-12 | ||
US3923426A (en) * | 1974-08-15 | 1975-12-02 | Alza Corp | Electroosmotic pump and fluid dispenser including same |
US3921041A (en) | 1975-02-24 | 1975-11-18 | American Radionic | Dual capacitor |
US4347131A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1982-08-31 | Robert Brownlee | Liquid chromatographic pump module |
US5040126A (en) * | 1981-09-09 | 1991-08-13 | Isco, Inc. | Method for predicting steady-state conditions |
US4638444A (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1987-01-20 | Chemical Data Systems, Inc. | Microprocessor-controlled back-pressure system for small volume chemical analysis applications |
GB8330107D0 (en) * | 1983-11-11 | 1983-12-21 | Cosworth Eng Ltd | Transferring liquid |
DE3577750D1 (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1990-06-21 | Hewlett Packard Gmbh | METHOD FOR TREATING A LIQUID IN A TUBE. |
JPS61237717A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1986-10-23 | Nippon Kokudo Kaihatsu Kk | Natural permeation work of chemical grout and plant therefor |
US4681678A (en) * | 1986-10-10 | 1987-07-21 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Sample dilution system for supercritical fluid chromatography |
US4684465A (en) * | 1986-10-10 | 1987-08-04 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Supercritical fluid chromatograph with pneumatically controlled pump |
US4922852A (en) * | 1986-10-30 | 1990-05-08 | Nordson Corporation | Apparatus for dispensing fluid materials |
US4810392A (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1989-03-07 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Sample dispensing system for liquid chromatography |
US4767279A (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1988-08-30 | Millipore Corporation | Fluid composition and volumetric delivery control |
JPH063354B2 (en) * | 1987-06-23 | 1994-01-12 | アクトロニクス株式会社 | Loop type thin tube heat pipe |
JPS6468503A (en) | 1987-09-07 | 1989-03-14 | Uni Charm Corp | Disposable diaper |
CA1303943C (en) | 1989-02-03 | 1992-06-23 | Robert A. Geiger | Catch flow restrictor |
US5249929A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1993-10-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Liquid chromatographic pump |
US5635070A (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1997-06-03 | Isco, Inc. | Apparatus and method for supercritical fluid extraction |
US5131998A (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1992-07-21 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography/capillary electrophoresis |
US5219020A (en) * | 1990-11-22 | 1993-06-15 | Actronics Kabushiki Kaisha | Structure of micro-heat pipe |
JP3015521B2 (en) | 1991-07-29 | 2000-03-06 | アサヒビール株式会社 | In-line mixing control device |
US5312233A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1994-05-17 | Ivek Corporation | Linear liquid dispensing pump for dispensing liquid in nanoliter volumes |
US5630706A (en) * | 1992-03-05 | 1997-05-20 | Yang; Frank J. | Multichannel pump apparatus with microflow rate capability |
US5664938A (en) * | 1992-03-05 | 1997-09-09 | Yang; Frank Jiann-Fu | Mixing apparatus for microflow gradient pumping |
JPH0618964U (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1994-03-11 | 孝雄 津田 | Liquid sample concentration and desalting method |
JPH0618964A (en) | 1992-06-30 | 1994-01-28 | Canon Inc | Photographing device, camera and fine adjustment mechanism |
US5429728A (en) | 1992-08-31 | 1995-07-04 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Electroosmotic flow control using back pressure in capillary electrophoresis |
US5302264A (en) | 1992-09-02 | 1994-04-12 | Scientronix, Inc. | Capillary eletrophoresis method and apparatus |
US5482608A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1996-01-09 | Hewlett Packard Company | Capillary electrophoresis flow control system |
EP0635896B1 (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1997-09-24 | Sulzer Hexis AG | Centrally symmetric fuel cell battery |
JP2824443B2 (en) * | 1994-05-12 | 1998-11-11 | ティ・エフ・シィ株式会社 | Preparative liquid chromatography equipment |
US5573651A (en) * | 1995-04-17 | 1996-11-12 | The Dow Chemical Company | Apparatus and method for flow injection analysis |
WO1996039252A1 (en) | 1995-06-06 | 1996-12-12 | David Sarnoff Research Center, Inc. | Electrokinetic pumping |
DE19625648A1 (en) | 1995-07-28 | 1997-01-30 | Hewlett Packard Co | Pump system |
FR2738613B1 (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1997-10-24 | Thomson Csf | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A HYDRAULIC SERVOVALVE THAT CAN BE SERVED BY FLOW AND PRESSURE |
US6045933A (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 2000-04-04 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of supplying fuel gas to a fuel cell |
JPH09281077A (en) | 1996-04-16 | 1997-10-31 | Hitachi Ltd | Capillary electrophoretic apparatus |
US6280967B1 (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 2001-08-28 | Axiom Biotechnologies, Inc. | Cell flow apparatus and method for real-time of cellular responses |
US5814742A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1998-09-29 | L C Packings, Nederland B.V. | Fully automated micro-autosampler for micro, capillary and nano high performance liquid chromatography |
US5797719A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1998-08-25 | Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. | Precision high pressure control assembly |
US5888050A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1999-03-30 | Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. | Precision high pressure control assembly |
US5670707A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1997-09-23 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Calibration method for a chromatography column |
CN2286429Y (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-07-22 | 中国科学技术大学 | Porous core column electroosmosis pump |
US5961800A (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 1999-10-05 | Sarnoff Corporation | Indirect electrode-based pumps |
US6106685A (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 2000-08-22 | Sarnoff Corporation | Electrode combinations for pumping fluids |
US6385050B1 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2002-05-07 | Sony Corporation | Component housing device |
US5942093A (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 1999-08-24 | Sandia Corporation | Electro-osmotically driven liquid delivery method and apparatus |
US6277257B1 (en) | 1997-06-25 | 2001-08-21 | Sandia Corporation | Electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic system |
US6019882A (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2000-02-01 | Sandia Corporation | Electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic system |
US6013164A (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2000-01-11 | Sandia Corporation | Electokinetic high pressure hydraulic system |
US6001231A (en) | 1997-07-15 | 1999-12-14 | Caliper Technologies Corp. | Methods and systems for monitoring and controlling fluid flow rates in microfluidic systems |
AU8686798A (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 1999-03-01 | Catalytica Advanced Technologies, Inc. | Multiple stream high pressure mixer/reactor |
US6004443A (en) * | 1997-08-13 | 1999-12-21 | Rhodes; Percy H. | Chromatography-format fluid electrophoresis |
US6012902A (en) | 1997-09-25 | 2000-01-11 | Caliper Technologies Corp. | Micropump |
US6139734A (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2000-10-31 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | Apparatus for structural characterization of biological moieties through HPLC separation |
US6068243A (en) * | 1998-01-05 | 2000-05-30 | A & B Plastics, Inc. | Self-locking, adjustable-width slat for chain link fences |
US6167910B1 (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 2001-01-02 | Caliper Technologies Corp. | Multi-layer microfluidic devices |
JP2000116027A (en) | 1998-03-10 | 2000-04-21 | Fiderikkusu:Kk | Power supply device |
US6224728B1 (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 2001-05-01 | Sandia Corporation | Valve for fluid control |
US5997746A (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-07 | New Objective Inc. | Evaporative packing of capillary columns |
WO1999067639A1 (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 1999-12-29 | Caliper Technologies Corporation | High throughput methods, systems and apparatus for performing cell based screening assays |
DE69937738D1 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 2008-01-24 | Altea Therapeutics Corp | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF AN ANALYTE |
JP2000160203A (en) | 1998-09-24 | 2000-06-13 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Alloy powder, alloy sintered body and production thereof |
US6086243A (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-07-11 | Sandia Corporation | Electrokinetic micro-fluid mixer |
US6149787A (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-11-21 | Caliper Technologies Corp. | External material accession systems and methods |
US6068767A (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-30 | Sandia Corporation | Device to improve detection in electro-chromatography |
US6416642B1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2002-07-09 | Caliper Technologies Corp. | Method and apparatus for continuous liquid flow in microscale channels using pressure injection, wicking, and electrokinetic injection |
US6428666B1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2002-08-06 | Sandia National Laboratories | Electrokinetic concentration of charged molecules |
US6477410B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2002-11-05 | Biophoretic Therapeutic Systems, Llc | Electrokinetic delivery of medicaments |
US6270641B1 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2001-08-07 | Sandia Corporation | Method and apparatus for reducing sample dispersion in turns and junctions of microchannel systems |
US6846399B2 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2005-01-25 | Sandia National Laboratories | Castable three-dimensional stationary phase for electric field-driven applications |
US6406605B1 (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2002-06-18 | Ysi Incorporated | Electroosmotic flow controlled microfluidic devices |
US6255551B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2001-07-03 | General Electric Company | Method and system for treating contaminated media |
US6287440B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-09-11 | Sandia Corporation | Method for eliminating gas blocking in electrokinetic pumping systems |
US6299767B1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-10-09 | Waters Investments Limited | High pressure capillary liquid chromatography solvent delivery system |
US6447410B2 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2002-09-10 | Stx Llc | Lacrosse stick pocket shooting strings and thong elements |
US6386050B1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2002-05-14 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Non-invasive fluid flow sensing based on injected heat tracers and indirect temperature monitoring |
US6824900B2 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2004-11-30 | Mti Microfuel Cells Inc. | Method and apparatus for water management of a fuel cell system |
US6460420B1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2002-10-08 | Sandia National Laboratories | Flowmeter for pressure-driven chromatography systems |
US6290909B1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2001-09-18 | Sandia Corporation | Sample injector for high pressure liquid chromatography |
US20020022802A1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2002-02-21 | Simpson Frank B. | Wrap spring clutch syringe ram and frit mixer |
US6289914B1 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2001-09-18 | Novartis Ag | Microflow splitter |
DE10040084A1 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-03-07 | Siemens Ag | Process for mixing fuel in water, associated device and use of this device |
CA2424571C (en) * | 2000-10-03 | 2006-06-13 | Dionex Corporation | Method and system for peak parking in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (lc-ms) analysis |
US6402946B1 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2002-06-11 | Bruker Analytik Gmbh | Device for feeding a chromatography flow |
EP1331997B1 (en) | 2000-11-06 | 2004-06-16 | Nanostream, Inc. | Microfluidic flow control devices |
US6805783B2 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2004-10-19 | Toyo Technologies, Inc. | Method for manipulating a solution using a ferroelectric electro-osmotic pump |
US6497975B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-12-24 | Motorola, Inc. | Direct methanol fuel cell including integrated flow field and method of fabrication |
US7070681B2 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2006-07-04 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Electrokinetic instability micromixer |
US6949176B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2005-09-27 | Lightwave Microsystems Corporation | Microfluidic control using dielectric pumping |
US6404193B1 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-06-11 | Waters Investments Limited | Solvent susceptibility compensation for coupled LC-NMR |
US7465382B2 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2008-12-16 | Eksigent Technologies Llc | Precision flow control system |
US20020189947A1 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2002-12-19 | Eksigent Technologies Llp | Electroosmotic flow controller |
US6766817B2 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2004-07-27 | Tubarc Technologies, Llc | Fluid conduction utilizing a reversible unsaturated siphon with tubarc porosity action |
US6719535B2 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2004-04-13 | Eksigent Technologies, Llc | Variable potential electrokinetic device |
JP3637392B2 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2005-04-13 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Fuel cell |
US7364647B2 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2008-04-29 | Eksigent Technologies Llc | Laminated flow device |
US20040107996A1 (en) | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-10 | Crocker Robert W. | Variable flow control apparatus |
-
2001
- 2001-08-29 US US09/942,884 patent/US20020189947A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-05-24 US US10/155,474 patent/US20020195344A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-13 US US10/480,691 patent/US7597790B2/en active Active
- 2002-06-13 EP EP20020739909 patent/EP1407330B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-13 CA CA 2450119 patent/CA2450119C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-13 AU AU2002312530A patent/AU2002312530A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-13 WO PCT/US2002/019121 patent/WO2002101474A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-06-13 JP JP2003504171A patent/JP2004530221A/en active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-08-08 US US11/200,369 patent/US7695603B2/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-12-12 US US12/334,375 patent/US7927477B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-09-25 US US12/567,482 patent/US8795493B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-29 JP JP2009248921A patent/JP2010094019A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-03-11 US US13/046,496 patent/US8685218B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7927477B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
WO2002101474A2 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
US8795493B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
EP1407330B1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
WO2002101474A3 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
JP2010094019A (en) | 2010-04-22 |
US20040163957A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
US7695603B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
US20090090174A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
US20070000784A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
US20020195344A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
US20110186157A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
US20100012497A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
JP2004530221A (en) | 2004-09-30 |
US7597790B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
EP1407330A2 (en) | 2004-04-14 |
US8685218B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
EP1407330A4 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
CA2450119C (en) | 2011-08-23 |
AU2002312530A1 (en) | 2002-12-23 |
US20020189947A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2450119A1 (en) | Flow control systems | |
US6287440B1 (en) | Method for eliminating gas blocking in electrokinetic pumping systems | |
US7399398B2 (en) | Variable potential electrokinetic devices | |
JP2004530221A5 (en) | ||
EP1833751B1 (en) | Electrokinetic device employing a non-newtonian liquid | |
CA2498034A1 (en) | Flow control system | |
JP2005539329A5 (en) | ||
SG144762A1 (en) | Fluid flow measuring and proportional fluid flow control device | |
WO2013014216A1 (en) | Device and method for high-throughput, on-demand generation and merging of droplets | |
US20060127238A1 (en) | Sample preparation system for microfluidic applications | |
KR920700778A (en) | Paint conductivity measuring system | |
Yairi et al. | Massively parallel microfluidic pump | |
EP2401809B1 (en) | Charged particle motion inducing apparatus | |
CN212348767U (en) | Micro-droplet generating device | |
Yang et al. | Ion exchange resin bead decoupled high-pressure electroosmotic pump | |
US20050223821A1 (en) | Sampling system | |
Szekely et al. | Module for real time non-invasive control of the electroosmotic flow in microfluidic systems |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20130613 |