CA2450119A1 - Flow control systems - Google Patents

Flow control systems Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2450119A1
CA2450119A1 CA002450119A CA2450119A CA2450119A1 CA 2450119 A1 CA2450119 A1 CA 2450119A1 CA 002450119 A CA002450119 A CA 002450119A CA 2450119 A CA2450119 A CA 2450119A CA 2450119 A1 CA2450119 A1 CA 2450119A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
fluid
pressure
channel
flow
inlet
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Granted
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CA002450119A
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French (fr)
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CA2450119C (en
Inventor
David W. Neyer
Phillip H. Paul
Don Wesley Arnold
Christopher G. Bailey
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Eksigent Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Eksigent Technologies, Llc.
David W. Neyer
Phillip H. Paul
Don Wesley Arnold
Christopher G. Bailey
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Application filed by Eksigent Technologies, Llc., David W. Neyer, Phillip H. Paul, Don Wesley Arnold, Christopher G. Bailey filed Critical Eksigent Technologies, Llc.
Publication of CA2450119A1 publication Critical patent/CA2450119A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2450119C publication Critical patent/CA2450119C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/26Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
    • G01N30/28Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
    • G01N30/32Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of pressure or speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D61/00Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/56Electro-osmotic dewatering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D11/00Control of flow ratio
    • G05D11/02Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
    • G05D11/13Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D11/131Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components
    • G05D11/132Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components by controlling the flow of the individual components
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00Control of flow
    • G05D7/06Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D7/0617Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
    • G05D7/0629Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
    • G05D7/0694Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means or flow sources of very small size, e.g. microfluidics
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/26Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
    • G01N30/28Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
    • G01N30/32Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of pressure or speed
    • G01N2030/324Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of pressure or speed speed, flow rate
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/26Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
    • G01N30/28Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
    • G01N30/32Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of pressure or speed
    • G01N2030/326Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of pressure or speed pumps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/85978With pump
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/85978With pump
    • Y10T137/85986Pumped fluid control
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/85978With pump
    • Y10T137/85986Pumped fluid control
    • Y10T137/86027Electric

Abstract

A flow controller which uses a combination of hydrostatic pressure and electroosmotic flow to control the flow of a fluid. A driving fluid (1204) whose flow rate is dependent on both hydrostatic pressures and electroosmotic flow can be used (a) directly as a working fluid in an operable device, for example a chromatograph, or (b) to displace a working fluid (1203) from a storage container (625) into an operable device (1301), or both (a) and (b).
The driving fluid (1204) can be composed of one or more fluids. Part or all the driving fluid (1204) is passed through an electroosmotic device (100) so as to increase or decrease the flow rate induced by hydrostatic pressure.

Claims (31)

Claims
1. A method of causing a working fluid to flow from a first point to a second point, which comprises applying a driving pressure to the working fluid at the first point, wherein at least part of the driving pressure is provided by a driving fluid whose rate of flow comprises (i) a hydrostatic component, and (ii) an electroosmotic component.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the driving fluid and the working fluid are the same.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the working fluid comprises a fluid which (i) is stored in a storage element at the first point, and (ii) is displaced from the storage element by the driving fluid.
4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the driving fluid flow is produced by a process which comprises (1) supplying a stream of fluid by hydrostatic pressure, and (2) removing some of the fluid from the stream by electroosmotic flow.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the driving fluid flow is produced by a process which comprises passing a mixture of first and second fluids under hydrostatic pressure through a channel in which electroosmotic flow is generated in the mixture.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the driving fluid flow is produced by a process which comprises mixing (i) the working fluid whose flow rate depends on a pressure which is partly or wholly hydrostatic, and (ii) a second fluid whose flow rate, before said mixing, depends on a pressure which is partly or wholly hydrostatic, wherein a mixture is created that passes through a channel in which electroosmotic flow is generated.
7. A method according to Claim 6 wherein (i) the working fluid (a) is supplied from a first source at a hydrostatic pressure P1, and (b) before it is mixed with the second fluid, passes through a first flow control element; and (ii) the second fluid (a) is supplied from a second source at a hydrostatic pressure P2, and (b) passes through a second flow control element; and wherein the first flow control element has a conductance k1, the second flow control element has a conductance k2, and the channel has a conductance k3; and 1+k3/k1 is greater than P1/ P2 and 1+k3/k2 is greater than P2/P1.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electroosmotic component is produced by passing an electrokinetic fluid through a channel in which the electroosmotic flow is generated in the electrokinetic fluid, and at least part of the electrokinetic fluid is (i) stored in a storage element, and (ii) is displaced from the storage element, before passing through the channel, by a fluid under hydrostatic pressure.
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein at least part of the driving fluid passes through a flow control element.
10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims which comprises (a) monitoring at least one variable by one or more of a pressure transducer, a flowmeter, a temperature sensor, a heat flux sensor, a displacement sensor, a load cell, a strain gauge, a conductivity sensor, a selective ion sensor, a pH
sensor, a flow spectrophotometer, and a turbidity sensor, and (b) changing, in response to said monitoring, an electrical potential which generates at least part of the electroosmotic component.
11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein variations in the electroosmotic component at least partially compensate for variations in the hydrostatic component.
12. A method according to any one of preceding claims wherein the rate of flow of the working fluid at the second point is less than 50 microliters/minute.
13. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the working fluid has at least one of the following characteristics:

(a) it comprises a liquid having an ionic strength of least 25 millimolar;

(b) it comprises a liquid having an ionic strength less than 0.5 millimolar;

(c) it comprises a liquid having a dynamic viscosity greater than 5 centipoise;

(d) it comprises a substantially pure organic liquid;

(e) it comprises a liquid having a dielectric constant less than 20;
(f) it comprises a liquid containing polyvalent ions;
(g) it comprises a liquid having a pH value less than 7; and (h) it comprises a liquid having a pH value less than 4.
14. A method according to any one of preceding claims wherein the fluid from the second point passes into a chromatograph.
15. A method according to any one of preceding claims wherein apparatus operating under a first set of conditions causes the working fluid to flow from the first point to the second point and through an operable device during a first time period, and thereafter the same apparatus operating under a second set of conditions causes the working fluid to flow from the first point to the second point and through an operable device during a second time period, the working fluid during the first time period being different from the working fluid during the second time period and/or the operating conditions of the operable device during the first time period being different from the operating conditions of the operable device during the second time period, and/or the operable device during the first time period being different from the operable device during the second time period.
16. Apparatus suitable for use in a method as claimed in any one of preceding claims, the apparatus comprising (1) a channel which includes an inlet and an outlet, and through which a fluid under pressure can flow from the inlet to the outlet;
(2) a porous solid dielectric material which is positioned within the channel between the inlet and the outlet; and (3) electrodes which are positioned so that, when an electrokinetic fluid under pressure is flowing through the channel between the inlet and the outlet, the rate at which the fluid flows can be changed by changing an electric potential connected to the electrodes;

said apparatus having at least one of the following characteristics:
(a) it comprises a flow control element through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet;

(b) it comprises a flow control element through which a fluid under pressure can flow after leaving the outlet;

(c) it comprises an operable device which employs a pressurized fluid in its operation and is connected to (1) the outlet, so that when pressurized flute flows from the outlet, it passes through the device, or (ii) a first outlet of a conduit having a second outlet connected to the channel and an inlet which can be connected to a source of pressurized fluid;

(d) it comprises a first source for a first fluid and a second source for a second fluid, both the first source and the second source being connected to the inlet so that pressurized fluid from the sources can pass through the inlet into the channel;

(e) it comprises a variable power supply connected to the electrodes;

(f) it comprises at least one sensor for monotoring a control signal, and a feedback control mechanism operatively connected to the sensor, whereby, when the apparatus includes a power supply connected to the electrodes, the feedback control mechanism modulates the electric potential supplied by the power supply;
(g) it comprises a conduit having (i) a first conduit outlet which is connected to the inlet, (ii) a second conduit outlet which can be connected to an operable device or a plurality of operable devices, and (iii) a conduit inlet which can be connected to a source of pressurized fluid, whereby, when pressurized fluid enters the conduit, a part of the pressurized fluid flows through the channel and the remainder of pressurized fluid flows through the device or devices;

(h) it comprises two or more said channels and a conduit having (i) a plurality of conduit inlets connected to an inlet or an outlet of each of said channels, and (ii) a conduit outlet which can be connected to an operable device or a plurality of operable devices;
(i) it comprises two or more said channels, the dielectric materials in the channels being different from each other;

(j) it comprises a pressure transducer through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet;

(k) it comprises a check valve through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet; and (l) it comprises an accumulator through which a fluid under pressure can flow before reaching the inlet.
17. Apparatus according to Claim 16 wherein the porous dielectric material comprises a fused silica capillary, silica particles, an organic polymer, or a product made by lithographic patterning, lithographic etching, direct injection molding, sol-gel processing, or electroforming.
18. Apparatus according to Claim 16 or 17 which comprises a power supply having electrodes, the power supply having one or both of the following characteristics (i) it is a variable power supply, and (ii) its electrodes are connected to the channels through a bridge.
19. Apparatus according to any one of claims 16 to 18 which comprises at least one sensor for monitoring a control signal, and a feedback control mechanism operatively connected to the sensor, whereby, when the apparatus includes a power supply connected to the electrodes, the feedback control mechanism maintains the control signal within a predetermined range by modulating the electric potential supplied by the power supply, the sensor being one or more of a pressure transducer, a flowmeter, a temperature sensor, a heat flue sensor, a displacement sensor, a load cell, a strain gauge, a conductivity sensor, a selective ion sensor, a pH sensor, a flow spectrophotometer, and a turbidity sensor.
20. The use of electroosmotic flow to modify the rate at which a pressurized working fluid is delivered to an operable device which employs the pressurized fluid in its operation.
21. A flow controller system, comprising:

(a) a first conduit having:

pressure P1;

(i) a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at (ii) a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, wherein P3<P1; and node; and (iii) a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and a first (b) a second conduit having:

(i) a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressure P2, wherein P3<P2;

(ii) a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first conduit;

(iii) a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet; and (iv) a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at a second node with the second flow element outlet;

wherein .alpha.1=.theta.1v1, where m is the internal volume of the first node and .theta.1 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v1, .alpha.2=.theta.2v2 where v2 is the internal volume of the second node and .theta.2 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v2, the first flow element has a conductance of k1, the second flow element has a conductance of k2, and wherein .alpha.1>.alpha.2/k2.
22. A flow controller system, comprising:

(a) a first conduit having:

(i) a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1;

(ii) a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, wherein P3<P1; and (iii) a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and a first node; and (b) a second conduit having:

(i) a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressure P2, wherein P3<P2;

(ii) a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first conduit;
(iii) a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet; and (iv) a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at a second node at pressure PN2, with the second flow element outlet;

(c) a pressure transducer located at either the first or the second node; and (d) an accumulator located at the opposite node as the pressure transducer;

wherein .alpha.1=.theta.1v1, where m is the internal volume of the first node and .theta.1 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within m, .alpha.2=.theta.2v2 where v2 is the internal volume of the second node and .theta.2 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v2, the first flow element has a conductance of k1, the second flow element has a conductance of k~, and wherein .alpha.1/k1.alpha.2/k2.
23. A flow controller system, comprising:
(a) a first conduit having:
(i) a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1;

(ii) a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, wherein P3< P1; and (iii) a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and a first node; and (b) a second conduit having:
(i) a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressured P2, wherein P3<P2;
(ii) a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first conduit;

(iii) a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet; and (iv) a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at a second node with the second flow element outlet;

(c) a pressure transducer located at either the first or the second node; and (d) a check valve between the first and second nodes;

wherein .alpha.1 =.theta.1v1, where m is the internal volume of the first node and .theta.1 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v1, .alpha.2=.theta.2v2 where v2 is the internal volume of the second node and .theta.2 is the sum of apparent compressibilities within v2, the first flow element has a conductance of k1, the second flow element has a conductance of k2, and wherein .alpha.1/k1>a2/k2.
24. A flow controller system, comprising:

(a) a first channel having:

(i) a first channel fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a first fluid source at pressure P~ and a second fluid source at pressure P2;

(ii) a first channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the first channel fluid inlet and, at pressure P3, with a fluid terminus, wherein P3<P1 and P3<P2; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the first channel;

(b) a second channel having:

(i) a second channel fluid inlet in fluid communication with the second fluid source;

(ii) a second channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second channel fluid inlet and, at the first nude, with the first channel suet; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the second channel; and (c) a power supply in electrical communication with spaced electrodes for applying an electrical potential to the electrodes, the electrodes being positioned so that the channels are electrokinetically active when the power supply applies an electric potential to the electrodes;

wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through at least one of the first and the second channels, wherein the electroosmotically-driven flow component modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1- P3 and the P2-P3 pressure differentials.
25. A flow controller system, comprising:

(a) a first channel having:

(i) a first channel fluid inlet in fluid communication at a first node with a first fluid source at pressure P1 and a second fluid source at pressure P2;

(ii) a first channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the first channel fluid inlet and, at pressure Pa, with a fluid terminus, wherein P3<P1 and P3<P2; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the first channel;

(b) a second channel having:

(i) a second channel fluid inlet in fluid communication with the second fluid source;

(ii) a second channel fluid outlet in fluid communication with the second channel fluid inlet and, at the first node, with the first channel; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the second channel;

(c) a first power supply in electrical communication with a first set of spaced electrodes fox applying a first electric potential to the first set of spaced electrodes, the first set of spaced electrodes being positioned so that the first channel is electrokinetically active when the first power supply applies an electric potential to the first set of spaced electrodes;

(d) a second power supply in electrical communication with a second set of spaced electrodes for applying a second electric potential to the second set of spaced electrodes, the second set of spaced electrodes being positioned so that the second channel is electrokinetically active when the second power supply applies an electric potential to the second set of spaced electrodes;

wherein the first electric potential generates a first electroosmotically-driven flow component through the first channel, the first electroosmotically-driven flow component modulating at least one pressure- driven flow component resulting from the P1-P3 and the P2- P3 pressure differentials and the second electric potential generates a second electroosmotically-driven flow component through the second channel, the second electroosmotically-driven flow component modulating at least one pressure-driven flow components resulting from the P1-P3 and the P2- P3 pressure differentials.
26. A flow controller system, comprising:

(a) a channel having:

(i) a fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a fluid source at pressure P1;
(ii) a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P2, with a first fluid terminus, wherein P2<P1; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the channel;

(b) a power supply in electrical communication with spaced electrodes for applying an electric potential to the spaced electrodes, the spaced electrodes being positioned so that the channel is electrokinetically active when the power supply applies an electric potential to the electrodes; and (c) a first fluid storage element being disposed between the node and a second fluid terminus at pressure P3, wherein P3<P1, wherein the first fluid storage element has a first fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication at the node with the fluid source, and wherein the first fluid storage element also has a first fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the first fluid storage element inlet and the second fluid terminus;
wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1-P2 and the P1-P3 pressure differentials.
27. A flow controller system, comprising:

(a) a channel having:

(i) a fluid inlet in liquid communication with a fluid source at pressure P1;
(ii) a fluid. outlet in liquid communication with a first fluid terminus at pressure P2, wherein P2<P1; and (iii) a porous dielectric material disposed in the channel;

(b) a power supply in. electrical communication with spaced electrodes for applying an electric potential to the spaced electrodes, the spaced electrodes being positioned so that the channel is electrokinetically active when the power supply applies an electric potential to the electrodes; and (c) a fluid storage element fluid disposed between the fluid source and the channel, the fluid storage element having a fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication with a fluid source, the fluid storage element also having a fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the fluid storage element inlet and the fluid inlet;

whereby the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates a pressure-drive flow component resulting from the P~-P2 pressure differential.
25. A method for controlling a flow of a fluid, comprising:
applying an electric potential to spaced electrodes in electrical communication with a channel, the channel having a porous dielectric material disposed therein, the channel also having a fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1 and a second fluid source at pressure P2, the channel also having a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P3, with a terminus, wherein P3<P1 and P3<P2, wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1-P3 and the P1-P3 pressure differentials.
29. A method of controlling the flow of a fluid comprising:
(a) placing a first accumulator at a first node, wherein the first node is in a first conduit having: a first fluid inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid source at pressure P1, a first fluid outlet at pressure P3 , wherein P3<P1, and a first flow element disposed between the first fluid inlet and the first fluid outlet;
(b) placing a second accumulator at a second node;
wherein, the second node is in a second conduit having: a second fluid inlet in fluid communication with a second fluid source at pressure P2, wherein P3<P2, a second fluid outlet in fluid communication with the first conduit, at the first node, a second flow element disposed between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet, and a third fluid outlet at pressure P4, wherein P4<P1 and P4<P2, the third fluid outlet being in fluid communication at the second node with the second fluid inlet.
30. A method of controlling a flow of a fluid, comprising:
applying an electric potential to spaced electrodes in electrical communication with a channel, the channel having a porous dielectric material disposed therein, the channel also having a fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a fluid source at pressure P1, the channel also having a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P2, with a first fluid terminus, wherein P2 < P1, and wherein a fluid storage element is disposed between the node and a second fluid terminus at pressure P3, wherein P3 < P1, the fluid storage element having a fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication at the node with the fluid source, the fluid storage element also having a fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the fluid storage element inlet and the second fluid terminus, wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically-driven flow component through the channel that modulates at least one pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1 - P2 and the P1 - P3 pressure differentials.
31. A method for controlling a flow of fluid, comprising:
applying an electric potential to spaced electrodes in electrical communication with a channel, the channel having a porous dielectric material disposed therein, the channel also having a fluid inlet in fluid communication at a node with a fluid source at pressure P1, the channel also having a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and, at pressure P2, with a first fluid terminus, wherein P2 < P1, and wherein a fluid storage element is disposed between the node and the fluid inlet, the fluid storage element having a fluid storage element inlet in fluid communication at the node with the fluid source, the fluid storage element also having a fluid storage element outlet in fluid communication with the fluid storage element inlet and the fluid inlet, wherein the electric potential generates an electroosmotically driven flow component through the channel that modulates a pressure-driven flow component resulting from the P1 - P2 pressure differential.
CA 2450119 2001-06-13 2002-06-13 Flow control systems Expired - Fee Related CA2450119C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29814701P 2001-06-13 2001-06-13
US60/298,147 2001-06-13
US09/942,884 US20020189947A1 (en) 2001-06-13 2001-08-29 Electroosmotic flow controller
US09/942,884 2001-08-29
US10/155,474 2002-05-24
US10/155,474 US20020195344A1 (en) 2001-06-13 2002-05-24 Combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flow system
PCT/US2002/019121 WO2002101474A2 (en) 2001-06-13 2002-06-13 Flow control systems

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Publication Number Publication Date
CA2450119A1 true CA2450119A1 (en) 2002-12-19
CA2450119C CA2450119C (en) 2011-08-23

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US (7) US20020189947A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1407330B1 (en)
JP (2) JP2004530221A (en)
AU (1) AU2002312530A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2450119C (en)
WO (1) WO2002101474A2 (en)

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US8795493B2 (en) 2014-08-05
EP1407330B1 (en) 2012-05-30
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US20040163957A1 (en) 2004-08-26
US7695603B2 (en) 2010-04-13
US20090090174A1 (en) 2009-04-09
US20070000784A1 (en) 2007-01-04
US20020195344A1 (en) 2002-12-26
US20110186157A1 (en) 2011-08-04
US20100012497A1 (en) 2010-01-21
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US7597790B2 (en) 2009-10-06
EP1407330A2 (en) 2004-04-14
US8685218B2 (en) 2014-04-01
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AU2002312530A1 (en) 2002-12-23
US20020189947A1 (en) 2002-12-19

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