CA2458460C - Safety circuit for lift doors - Google Patents
Safety circuit for lift doors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2458460C CA2458460C CA2458460A CA2458460A CA2458460C CA 2458460 C CA2458460 C CA 2458460C CA 2458460 A CA2458460 A CA 2458460A CA 2458460 A CA2458460 A CA 2458460A CA 2458460 C CA2458460 C CA 2458460C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- locking
- shaft
- door
- lift
- cage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B13/00—Doors, gates, or other apparatus controlling access to, or exit from, cages or lift well landings
- B66B13/22—Operation of door or gate contacts
Abstract
The invention concerns an elevator system (10) comprising an elevator car (12) mobile in an elevator cage by means of a driving unit (14), a control (16) for controlling the driving unit (14), a data bus (22) connected to the control (16), elevator doors (11) for closing the elevator cage, locking devices (18) for locking the elevator doors (11) on the cage side and locking sensors (20) for monitoring the position of the locking devices (20). The locking sensors (20) are connected to the control (16) via the data bus (22). The locking sensors (20) are automatically queried by the control (16) via the data bus (22) iteratively at short intervals so that communication interruptions or transmission errors during transmissions via the data bus can be detected. To test the function of the locking sensors (20) and the bus interfaces, the state of the locking sensors (20) is automatically queried at long intervals iteratively in conditions of closed elevator doors and open elevator doors, then made available to the control (14) via the data bus (22).
Description
SAFETY CIRCUIT FOR LIFT DOORS
The subject of the invention is a lift system according to the introductory part of claim 1.
Lift systems currently have so-termed double doors, i.e. not only shaft doors, but also cage doors arranged at the lift cage. The opening and closing of the shaft doors is usually induced by the cage or the cage doors. For the safety of the users of the lift systems and the visitors in the buildings incorporating the lift systems it is of great importance for the respective setting of the shaft and cage doors to be co-ordinated with the position of the lift cage, i.e. the shaft and cage doors may open only when the lift cage stops at one of the provided boarding and disembarking stations, i.e. at the level of a storey.
For this purpose, the positions not only of the shaft doors, but also of the cage doors are monitored.
The shaft doors can usually be locked in their closed setting with the help of mechanical locking devices. Conventional monitoring systems monitor the setting of the shaft doors with the assistance of safety contacts; these safety contacts detect whether the mechanical locking devices adopt their locking setting or their unlocking setting. The safety contacts are closed when the locking devices are disposed in their locking setting and the shaft doors are closed. The safety contacts are integrated in a safety circuit which in turn is closed only when safety contacts are closed. The safety circuit is so connected with the drive of the lift system that the lift cage in normal operation can be moved upwards or downwards only when the safety circuit is closed. If a shaft door is open and its locking device is in unlocking setting, then the corresponding safety contact and thus the safety circuit are open, which has the consequence that the lift cage cannot perform any upward or downward movement, except with the help of a special control or if service personnel bridge over the interrupted safety circuit.
Every lift system with such a conventional monitoring means has various disadvantages which are described in more detail in the following.
A safety circuit is in every case subject to inherent problems; belonging to that are the length of the connections, the voltage drop in the safety circuit and the comparatively high assembly cost.
The subject of the invention is a lift system according to the introductory part of claim 1.
Lift systems currently have so-termed double doors, i.e. not only shaft doors, but also cage doors arranged at the lift cage. The opening and closing of the shaft doors is usually induced by the cage or the cage doors. For the safety of the users of the lift systems and the visitors in the buildings incorporating the lift systems it is of great importance for the respective setting of the shaft and cage doors to be co-ordinated with the position of the lift cage, i.e. the shaft and cage doors may open only when the lift cage stops at one of the provided boarding and disembarking stations, i.e. at the level of a storey.
For this purpose, the positions not only of the shaft doors, but also of the cage doors are monitored.
The shaft doors can usually be locked in their closed setting with the help of mechanical locking devices. Conventional monitoring systems monitor the setting of the shaft doors with the assistance of safety contacts; these safety contacts detect whether the mechanical locking devices adopt their locking setting or their unlocking setting. The safety contacts are closed when the locking devices are disposed in their locking setting and the shaft doors are closed. The safety contacts are integrated in a safety circuit which in turn is closed only when safety contacts are closed. The safety circuit is so connected with the drive of the lift system that the lift cage in normal operation can be moved upwards or downwards only when the safety circuit is closed. If a shaft door is open and its locking device is in unlocking setting, then the corresponding safety contact and thus the safety circuit are open, which has the consequence that the lift cage cannot perform any upward or downward movement, except with the help of a special control or if service personnel bridge over the interrupted safety circuit.
Every lift system with such a conventional monitoring means has various disadvantages which are described in more detail in the following.
A safety circuit is in every case subject to inherent problems; belonging to that are the length of the connections, the voltage drop in the safety circuit and the comparatively high assembly cost.
Despite a monitoring system with a safety circuit, unsafe or risky situations cannot be avoided; on the one hand, the safety contacts can be readily easily bridged over individually or in common, which is virtually equivalent to absence of the safety precautions; on the other hand, an open shaft door may indeed prevent movement of the cage, but if the cage is not disposed at the shaft door then open the risk accordingly exists of falling through the open shaft door.
Intelligent or situation-appropriate reactions, for example when the safety circuit is open, are not possible, since the cage in every case is stationary; in particular, it cannot be avoided that persons are unintentionally trapped in the lift cage.
The monitoring system does not allow a specific diagnosis, i.e. when the safety circuit is open it can only be established that at least one safety contact and thus at least one locking device or at least one shaft door is open. However, it cannot be established which safety contact or contacts is or are open.
A precautionary maintenance is not possible, since there are no indications about the state of the safety contacts; it is thus not possible to service the lift system in advance and replace worn safety contacts in good time, but still at a point in time in which the lift system can be shut down without problems, except within the scope of a periodic inspection, wherein, however, in many cases taking the lift system out of operation - which is not necessary per se - is carried out. The availability of the lift is restricted, since an open safety contact always has the consequence of taking the lift system out of operation, even when another solution, for example not travelling in the affected shaft section, would be possible.
A functionally improved solution can indeed be achieved if a data bus is used for detection or transfer of the data, which concerns safety, in conjunction with the setting of the shaft doors. Since, however, the corresponding data are safety-relevant, a safety bus has to be used. Such a safety bus and, in particular, the safety bus nodes required for that purpose are, however, comparatively expensive and therefore hardly come into question for standardised lift systems.
The object of the invention is thus to be seen in creating an improved lift system of the kind stated in the introduction which with respect to safety precautions in conjunction with the setting of the shaft doors on the one hand avoids the disadvantages of the state of the art and on the other hand is comparatively economic.
Intelligent or situation-appropriate reactions, for example when the safety circuit is open, are not possible, since the cage in every case is stationary; in particular, it cannot be avoided that persons are unintentionally trapped in the lift cage.
The monitoring system does not allow a specific diagnosis, i.e. when the safety circuit is open it can only be established that at least one safety contact and thus at least one locking device or at least one shaft door is open. However, it cannot be established which safety contact or contacts is or are open.
A precautionary maintenance is not possible, since there are no indications about the state of the safety contacts; it is thus not possible to service the lift system in advance and replace worn safety contacts in good time, but still at a point in time in which the lift system can be shut down without problems, except within the scope of a periodic inspection, wherein, however, in many cases taking the lift system out of operation - which is not necessary per se - is carried out. The availability of the lift is restricted, since an open safety contact always has the consequence of taking the lift system out of operation, even when another solution, for example not travelling in the affected shaft section, would be possible.
A functionally improved solution can indeed be achieved if a data bus is used for detection or transfer of the data, which concerns safety, in conjunction with the setting of the shaft doors. Since, however, the corresponding data are safety-relevant, a safety bus has to be used. Such a safety bus and, in particular, the safety bus nodes required for that purpose are, however, comparatively expensive and therefore hardly come into question for standardised lift systems.
The object of the invention is thus to be seen in creating an improved lift system of the kind stated in the introduction which with respect to safety precautions in conjunction with the setting of the shaft doors on the one hand avoids the disadvantages of the state of the art and on the other hand is comparatively economic.
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lift system (10) with a lift cage (12) movable in a lift shaft by a drive unit (14), a control (16) for controlling the drive unit (14), a data bus (22) connected with the control (16), shaft doors (11) for closing the lift shaft, locking devices (18) for locking the shaft doors (11) at the shaft side and lock sensors (20) for monitoring the setting of the locking devices (18), wherein the lock sensors (20) are connected with the control (16) by way of the data bus (22), characterised in that a lock sensor (20) is repeatedly automatically interrogated by the control (16) at short intervals in time by way of the data bus (22) in order to be able to establish communications interruptions or transmission errors in the transmission by way of the data bus (22), and the function of a locking sensor (22) is detected in that the state of the locking sensor (20) is repeatedly automatically interrogated at long intervals in time with open and closed shaft door and made available to the control (16) by way of the data bus (22).
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control circuit for a lift system having a lift cage movable in a lift shaft by a drive unit, a control for controlling the drive unit, a data bus connected with the control, shaft doors for closing the lift shaft, locking devices for locking the shaft doors at a shaft side and locking sensors for monitoring the setting of the locking devices, wherein the locking sensors are connected with the control by way of the data bus, the control circuit comprising means for repeatedly interrogating a locking sensor at short time intervals by way of the data bus whereby communications interruptions or transmission errors in data bus transmissions are detected, and for periodically testing the function of the locking sensors of all lift shaft doors by a) observing the signals locking sensors produce during opening/closing of the shaft doors in normal lift operation and b) automatically initiating a test travel of the lift cage to a story whose shaft door has not been operated within a defined period of time, opening and closing the shaft door, and observing the signals produced by the locking sensor associated with the shaft door.
The lift system according to the invention newly comprises a monitoring system with a standard data bus. The data concerning the setting of the shaft doors are detected or transferred by way of this data bus. Instead of a safety data bus there is used a usual data bus with usual standard bus nodes; in that case, the data bus can be that which 3a is present in any case for the transfer of process data in the lift shaft. The use of a comparatively expensive safety data bus inclusive of the costly safety bus nodes which are required for that purpose and which were actually required due to the safety relevance of the data to be transferred is avoided in that suitable measures are undertaken in order to ensure security in transmission of safety-relevant data by way of the data bus which is non-safe per se.
For ascertaining the state or the setting of the shaft door or the locking device thereof a locking sensor is associated with each shaft door or each locking device. The locking sensor is connected with the conventional data bus which transfers the ascertained data to the control unit or monitoring unit. The control unit or monitoring unit then evaluates the acquired data. This takes place in that the control unit or monitoring unit periodically, for example at intervals of 20 milliseconds, interrogates the locking sensors. A
communications interruption in the region of the data bus or the bus nodes can thus be detected very quickly. Moreover, each locking sensor, inclusive of the associated interface, is tested periodically or at longer intervals in time, for example once within each 8 or 24 hours. For that purpose the corresponding shaft doors are opened and closed again or at least the contacts actuated (unlocked/locked) and it is observed whether in that case the correct data are transferred to the control unit or monitoring unit.
This test can be carried out in normal operation on opening and closing of the shaft doors. If a storey was never travelled to within the predetermined time period of 8 or 24 hours, then for test purposes a test travel to this storey is initiated by the control unit (obligatory test). The execution of all tests is monitored in the control unit and preferably recorded in a table.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control circuit for a lift system having a lift cage movable in a lift shaft by a drive unit, a control for controlling the drive unit, a data bus connected with the control, shaft doors for closing the lift shaft, locking devices for locking the shaft doors at a shaft side and locking sensors for monitoring the setting of the locking devices, wherein the locking sensors are connected with the control by way of the data bus, the control circuit comprising means for repeatedly interrogating a locking sensor at short time intervals by way of the data bus whereby communications interruptions or transmission errors in data bus transmissions are detected, and for periodically testing the function of the locking sensors of all lift shaft doors by a) observing the signals locking sensors produce during opening/closing of the shaft doors in normal lift operation and b) automatically initiating a test travel of the lift cage to a story whose shaft door has not been operated within a defined period of time, opening and closing the shaft door, and observing the signals produced by the locking sensor associated with the shaft door.
The lift system according to the invention newly comprises a monitoring system with a standard data bus. The data concerning the setting of the shaft doors are detected or transferred by way of this data bus. Instead of a safety data bus there is used a usual data bus with usual standard bus nodes; in that case, the data bus can be that which 3a is present in any case for the transfer of process data in the lift shaft. The use of a comparatively expensive safety data bus inclusive of the costly safety bus nodes which are required for that purpose and which were actually required due to the safety relevance of the data to be transferred is avoided in that suitable measures are undertaken in order to ensure security in transmission of safety-relevant data by way of the data bus which is non-safe per se.
For ascertaining the state or the setting of the shaft door or the locking device thereof a locking sensor is associated with each shaft door or each locking device. The locking sensor is connected with the conventional data bus which transfers the ascertained data to the control unit or monitoring unit. The control unit or monitoring unit then evaluates the acquired data. This takes place in that the control unit or monitoring unit periodically, for example at intervals of 20 milliseconds, interrogates the locking sensors. A
communications interruption in the region of the data bus or the bus nodes can thus be detected very quickly. Moreover, each locking sensor, inclusive of the associated interface, is tested periodically or at longer intervals in time, for example once within each 8 or 24 hours. For that purpose the corresponding shaft doors are opened and closed again or at least the contacts actuated (unlocked/locked) and it is observed whether in that case the correct data are transferred to the control unit or monitoring unit.
This test can be carried out in normal operation on opening and closing of the shaft doors. If a storey was never travelled to within the predetermined time period of 8 or 24 hours, then for test purposes a test travel to this storey is initiated by the control unit (obligatory test). The execution of all tests is monitored in the control unit and preferably recorded in a table.
For storeys which are seldom travelled to, the locking sensor and the corresponding interface are preferably designed to be safety-oriented. This is recommended particularly for storeys to which the lift cage may not be automatically controlled, for example because a dwelling unit, such as for example a penthouse, can be entered directly from the lift shaft.
The expression "safety-oriented" is used in the following for control means, actuators, etc., which are relevant for ensuring the safety of persons and accordingly are executed as components with increased functional reliability. Such "safety-oriented"
components are distinguished by, for example, redundant data detection, data transmission and data processing and/or by software plausibility checking of the data, which is detected, transmitted and processed by it, and/or by actuators present in redundant form.
If necessary for reasons of safety, further means additional to the locking sensors can be provided for detecting the state, particularly the setting, of the shaft doors; such means transfer data about the setting or the state of the shaft door to the control, either by way of the data bus which is present in any case or in that a safety-oriented embodiment with an additional safety bus inclusive of safety nodes is provided.
The shaft doors are preferably constructed to be self-shutting, i.e. they close automatically as soon as they are not actively held open. In addition, the locking means are self-shutting when the shaft door is closed. An active locking is not necessary.
For reasons of safety the locking devices used for locking the shaft doors are preferably so constructed that they can be unlocked, opened or closed only by a cage door provided at the lift cage or that they can be unlocked by a special tool and slid open by hand.
The state of the shaft door and the locking device thereof is with advantage monitored by way of the locking sensor arranged at this shaft door.
As locking sensors there can be used, for example, locking device contacts, microswitches, inductive sensors, capacitive sensors or optical sensors.
The control of the lift system is preferably so constructed that it evaluates the interrogation of the locking sensors in order to trigger one or more predefined reactions, particularly the recognition and localisation of a fault, the triggering of a service call, the stopping of a lift cage or the carrying out of another situation-adapted reaction in the case of recognition of a shaft door staying open.
The control can also be so constructed that it evaluates the interrogation of the locking sensors in order to correct ascertained transmission errors by the evaluation of several data packets.
It is particularly advantageous with respect to the safety of the lift system if in addition to the monitoring of the shaft doors the cage door is also monitored; as a consequence, by means of a coincidence checking of the signals of the shaft doors on the one hand and the cage door on the other hand a statement about the functional capability of the shaft doors and/or the locking sensors of the shaft doors can be obtained.
The significant advantages of the arrangement according to the invention are the following:
The safety circuit of the conventional monitoring system is superfluous; the corresponding inherent disadvantages are thereby avoided; in addition, if an already present data bus is used, the wiring or assembly cost is small.
The safety of the lift system is increased by comparison with a lift system with a safety circuit in the safety system. Bridging-over of contacts is indeed possible by software, but it can be recognised and can be cancelled after a predefined time.
Safety is maintained even if, for example, a fault arises or a service is undertaken.
The monitoring system allows specific diagnoses, because a fault can be immediately localised and remotely transmitted.
Servicing in advance is possible, because the state of the sensors, particularly of the locking sensors, can be analysed.
The availability of the lift is increased.
The safety of the lift system can additionally be increased by the following measures: The monitoring of the cage door can be realised in safety-oriented manner, whereby the meaningfulness of the coincidence check is enhanced. For that purpose the sensor associated with the cage door must, as also the connected data bus and the bus nodes, be constructed in safety-oriented manner.
The invention is described in the following on the basis of an example of embodiment and with reference to the drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a lift system according to the invention with a monitoring system, in strongly simplified and schematic illustration.
The lift system 10 illustrated in Fig. 1 is intended for serving three storeys A, B and C. A
shaft door 11 is present in each of the storeys A, B, C. The shaft door 11 serves the purpose of separating a lift shaft, in which a lift cage with a cage door 12 can move upwardly and downwardly, from the surrounding space. The movement of the lift cage 12 is carried out with the help of a drive unit 14 and is controlled by a control 16. In principle, the shaft door should be open only when the lift cage 2 is located at the corresponding storey. The shaft door is controlled for this purpose by the cage door 13 of the lift cage 12, wherein it is locked in its closed setting by a locking device which in the following is termed locking device 18. For establishing the state, in particular the setting, of the locking device 18 and thus the shaft door, a contact device with a locking device contact is provided as locking sensor 20. The contact device with the locking device contact is connected with the control 16 by way of a data bus 22. In addition, the lift cage 12 is connected with the control 16 in terms of controlling.
The above-described lift installation 10 functions as follows:
A locking sensor 20 or locking device contact 20 associated with each locking device 18 or each shaft door makes available data or information concerning the state of the locking device 18 or the shaft door. The data bus 22 transmits thus data or information to the control 16, which periodically evaluates the received data or information. The control 16 interrogates the locking sensors 20 at short intervals in time of, for example, 20 milliseconds so that a communications interruption in the region of the data bus 22 or the bus nodes can be detected very rapidly.
In addition to the above-described constantly performed test, a further test takes place at longer intervals in time. If the lift cage 12 has concluded travel to one of the storeys A, B
or C, then the cage door opens. The shaft door 11 of the storey which has been driven to is in the normal case unlocked by the cage door 13 and opened. In that case the further test is carried out, for example, once to a time period of 8 to 24 hours. The locking contact 20 is tested. If it is found to be in order, then a corresponding entry is made in a table, whereby the state 'contact in order' and the point in time of the test are stored.
Performance of the test can be checked by the entry in the table.
If the shaft door 11 indeed opens, but exhibits on opening an unplanned behaviour, then this in itself indicates a slight fault, for example with respect to wear or contamination in the region of the doors and/or the locking device 18. In this case the lift system 10 can remain in operation at least temporarily, but is recommended to provide a very prompt check and inspection by service personnel.
If the locking contact 20 does not open it has to be inferred therefrom that the contact is detective, but the lock was released and the shaft door opened. The lift cage 12 in this case must no longer be placed in operation; the lift system 10 must be taken out of operation and it is essential to call in service personnel. In this case an unintended opening of the shaft door concerned can no longer be recognised.
Before departure from the storey the shaft door and the locking device 18 are in principle closed by the cage door 13 and the lock shuts. In that case it is checked whether the locking contact 20 at the shaft side indicates that the shaft door 11 is closed. At the same time the closed state of the cage door 13 is monitored in safety-oriented manner, whereby a coincidence check of the two closing processes is possible and thus safety is increased.
If the result of these two examinations is positive, the lift cage 12 can be set in motion.
If, thereagainst, at least one of the mentioned checks has a negative result, a recovery attempt can be performed. For this purpose, a multiple closing and opening of the doors is carried out. If the recovery attempt has the consequence that the shaft door 11 is closed and locked, then the lift system 10 can indeed remain in operation, but a service should be kept in mind, at least when repeated recovery attempts have to be carried out.
If, thereagainst, after performance of the recovery attempt the shaft door 11 is still open, then the lift system must go out of operation and service personnel must be called.
If a shaft door is open without the lift cage 12 having driven to the corresponding storey, then it has to be concluded therefrom that the shaft door was opened from the outside; this can happen either by an authorised person with a special tool or in unauthorised manner by exercise of force, since it is impossible to open the shaft doors unintentionally or by faulty operation. The staying open of the shaft door 11 is recognised only by way of the non-safety-oriented data bus. The non-safety-oriented detection of this state of the shaft door 11 can, however, be considered as sufficient and, in particular, for the following reasons: Firstly, this case arises only extremely rarely. Secondly, authorised persons are instructed as a matter of profession with respect to potential risks and are obliged to switch the lift system into the service mode before they open a shaft door. Thirdly, the locking contacts are regularly checked, for example every 8 hours. Fourthly, the state of the locking contacts is interrogated by the control 16 at a certain frequency, so that transmission errors are filtered out and can thus be tolerated. Fifthly, the shaft doors are constructed to be self-shutting.
If opening of the shaft door 11 does not take place from the lift cage 12, then the lift system immediately switches out of the normal operating mode and also does not return to the same without it having been ensured that the shaft door 11 is actually closed. The lift system therefore cannot be placed in operation by bridging over the locking contacts.
The essential advantages of the new lift system are the following:
For the monitoring there is no requirement at the individual storeys for a safety-oriented bus connection, but only a conventional, non-safety-oriented bus connection. Conventional, non-safety-oriented bus connections are in any case mounted at each storey in order to detect the calls and to control the indications.
The omission of numerous safety-oriented bus connections leads to a considerable reduction in installation costs.
Each locking contact is individually read and checked. It is not only established that a fault or an error has arisen, but the fault or the error can be precisely localised, whereby in the case of disturbance an accelerated diagnosis can be undertaken.
Not only faults and errors, particularly failure of locking sensors or locking contacts, can be discerned, but also the respective state of the locking sensors or locking contacts, particularly with respect to bounce behaviour and voltage drop, can be detected before a disturbance occurs.
= CA 02458460 2004-02-24 s On the basis of such information a precautionary servicing of the locking contacts can be undertaken. In most cases it can thereby be avoided that faults and errors arise due to failing locking contacts.
An unnoticed bridging over the locking contacts is not possible, since the control would recognise a signal change taking place at an unintended point in time.
The safety of the shaft door monitoring is thereby additionally increased.
On occurrence of a disturbance the fact that open locking contacts can be localised allows the lift cage to travel to the next possible storey without in that case having to go past the affected shaft door with the open contact; the passengers can thus disembark in every case and do not remain trapped for a longer period of time.
Subsequently thereto, different reactions can be carried out; the lift cage can remain at that storey at which the passengers have disembarked, and the service personnel are called up, or the lift cage is - if it is disposed below the storey with the defective locking contact - moved to a position in which its cage roof is disposed slightly below the opened shaft door so that the risk of a person falling through the opened shaft door in the lift shaft is eliminated, or the lift cage is moved at low speed and preferably accompanied by an acoustic signal to the affected storey with the opened shaft door. A recovery attempt can be carried out and if this is successful the lift system is operationally ready again.
The expression "safety-oriented" is used in the following for control means, actuators, etc., which are relevant for ensuring the safety of persons and accordingly are executed as components with increased functional reliability. Such "safety-oriented"
components are distinguished by, for example, redundant data detection, data transmission and data processing and/or by software plausibility checking of the data, which is detected, transmitted and processed by it, and/or by actuators present in redundant form.
If necessary for reasons of safety, further means additional to the locking sensors can be provided for detecting the state, particularly the setting, of the shaft doors; such means transfer data about the setting or the state of the shaft door to the control, either by way of the data bus which is present in any case or in that a safety-oriented embodiment with an additional safety bus inclusive of safety nodes is provided.
The shaft doors are preferably constructed to be self-shutting, i.e. they close automatically as soon as they are not actively held open. In addition, the locking means are self-shutting when the shaft door is closed. An active locking is not necessary.
For reasons of safety the locking devices used for locking the shaft doors are preferably so constructed that they can be unlocked, opened or closed only by a cage door provided at the lift cage or that they can be unlocked by a special tool and slid open by hand.
The state of the shaft door and the locking device thereof is with advantage monitored by way of the locking sensor arranged at this shaft door.
As locking sensors there can be used, for example, locking device contacts, microswitches, inductive sensors, capacitive sensors or optical sensors.
The control of the lift system is preferably so constructed that it evaluates the interrogation of the locking sensors in order to trigger one or more predefined reactions, particularly the recognition and localisation of a fault, the triggering of a service call, the stopping of a lift cage or the carrying out of another situation-adapted reaction in the case of recognition of a shaft door staying open.
The control can also be so constructed that it evaluates the interrogation of the locking sensors in order to correct ascertained transmission errors by the evaluation of several data packets.
It is particularly advantageous with respect to the safety of the lift system if in addition to the monitoring of the shaft doors the cage door is also monitored; as a consequence, by means of a coincidence checking of the signals of the shaft doors on the one hand and the cage door on the other hand a statement about the functional capability of the shaft doors and/or the locking sensors of the shaft doors can be obtained.
The significant advantages of the arrangement according to the invention are the following:
The safety circuit of the conventional monitoring system is superfluous; the corresponding inherent disadvantages are thereby avoided; in addition, if an already present data bus is used, the wiring or assembly cost is small.
The safety of the lift system is increased by comparison with a lift system with a safety circuit in the safety system. Bridging-over of contacts is indeed possible by software, but it can be recognised and can be cancelled after a predefined time.
Safety is maintained even if, for example, a fault arises or a service is undertaken.
The monitoring system allows specific diagnoses, because a fault can be immediately localised and remotely transmitted.
Servicing in advance is possible, because the state of the sensors, particularly of the locking sensors, can be analysed.
The availability of the lift is increased.
The safety of the lift system can additionally be increased by the following measures: The monitoring of the cage door can be realised in safety-oriented manner, whereby the meaningfulness of the coincidence check is enhanced. For that purpose the sensor associated with the cage door must, as also the connected data bus and the bus nodes, be constructed in safety-oriented manner.
The invention is described in the following on the basis of an example of embodiment and with reference to the drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a lift system according to the invention with a monitoring system, in strongly simplified and schematic illustration.
The lift system 10 illustrated in Fig. 1 is intended for serving three storeys A, B and C. A
shaft door 11 is present in each of the storeys A, B, C. The shaft door 11 serves the purpose of separating a lift shaft, in which a lift cage with a cage door 12 can move upwardly and downwardly, from the surrounding space. The movement of the lift cage 12 is carried out with the help of a drive unit 14 and is controlled by a control 16. In principle, the shaft door should be open only when the lift cage 2 is located at the corresponding storey. The shaft door is controlled for this purpose by the cage door 13 of the lift cage 12, wherein it is locked in its closed setting by a locking device which in the following is termed locking device 18. For establishing the state, in particular the setting, of the locking device 18 and thus the shaft door, a contact device with a locking device contact is provided as locking sensor 20. The contact device with the locking device contact is connected with the control 16 by way of a data bus 22. In addition, the lift cage 12 is connected with the control 16 in terms of controlling.
The above-described lift installation 10 functions as follows:
A locking sensor 20 or locking device contact 20 associated with each locking device 18 or each shaft door makes available data or information concerning the state of the locking device 18 or the shaft door. The data bus 22 transmits thus data or information to the control 16, which periodically evaluates the received data or information. The control 16 interrogates the locking sensors 20 at short intervals in time of, for example, 20 milliseconds so that a communications interruption in the region of the data bus 22 or the bus nodes can be detected very rapidly.
In addition to the above-described constantly performed test, a further test takes place at longer intervals in time. If the lift cage 12 has concluded travel to one of the storeys A, B
or C, then the cage door opens. The shaft door 11 of the storey which has been driven to is in the normal case unlocked by the cage door 13 and opened. In that case the further test is carried out, for example, once to a time period of 8 to 24 hours. The locking contact 20 is tested. If it is found to be in order, then a corresponding entry is made in a table, whereby the state 'contact in order' and the point in time of the test are stored.
Performance of the test can be checked by the entry in the table.
If the shaft door 11 indeed opens, but exhibits on opening an unplanned behaviour, then this in itself indicates a slight fault, for example with respect to wear or contamination in the region of the doors and/or the locking device 18. In this case the lift system 10 can remain in operation at least temporarily, but is recommended to provide a very prompt check and inspection by service personnel.
If the locking contact 20 does not open it has to be inferred therefrom that the contact is detective, but the lock was released and the shaft door opened. The lift cage 12 in this case must no longer be placed in operation; the lift system 10 must be taken out of operation and it is essential to call in service personnel. In this case an unintended opening of the shaft door concerned can no longer be recognised.
Before departure from the storey the shaft door and the locking device 18 are in principle closed by the cage door 13 and the lock shuts. In that case it is checked whether the locking contact 20 at the shaft side indicates that the shaft door 11 is closed. At the same time the closed state of the cage door 13 is monitored in safety-oriented manner, whereby a coincidence check of the two closing processes is possible and thus safety is increased.
If the result of these two examinations is positive, the lift cage 12 can be set in motion.
If, thereagainst, at least one of the mentioned checks has a negative result, a recovery attempt can be performed. For this purpose, a multiple closing and opening of the doors is carried out. If the recovery attempt has the consequence that the shaft door 11 is closed and locked, then the lift system 10 can indeed remain in operation, but a service should be kept in mind, at least when repeated recovery attempts have to be carried out.
If, thereagainst, after performance of the recovery attempt the shaft door 11 is still open, then the lift system must go out of operation and service personnel must be called.
If a shaft door is open without the lift cage 12 having driven to the corresponding storey, then it has to be concluded therefrom that the shaft door was opened from the outside; this can happen either by an authorised person with a special tool or in unauthorised manner by exercise of force, since it is impossible to open the shaft doors unintentionally or by faulty operation. The staying open of the shaft door 11 is recognised only by way of the non-safety-oriented data bus. The non-safety-oriented detection of this state of the shaft door 11 can, however, be considered as sufficient and, in particular, for the following reasons: Firstly, this case arises only extremely rarely. Secondly, authorised persons are instructed as a matter of profession with respect to potential risks and are obliged to switch the lift system into the service mode before they open a shaft door. Thirdly, the locking contacts are regularly checked, for example every 8 hours. Fourthly, the state of the locking contacts is interrogated by the control 16 at a certain frequency, so that transmission errors are filtered out and can thus be tolerated. Fifthly, the shaft doors are constructed to be self-shutting.
If opening of the shaft door 11 does not take place from the lift cage 12, then the lift system immediately switches out of the normal operating mode and also does not return to the same without it having been ensured that the shaft door 11 is actually closed. The lift system therefore cannot be placed in operation by bridging over the locking contacts.
The essential advantages of the new lift system are the following:
For the monitoring there is no requirement at the individual storeys for a safety-oriented bus connection, but only a conventional, non-safety-oriented bus connection. Conventional, non-safety-oriented bus connections are in any case mounted at each storey in order to detect the calls and to control the indications.
The omission of numerous safety-oriented bus connections leads to a considerable reduction in installation costs.
Each locking contact is individually read and checked. It is not only established that a fault or an error has arisen, but the fault or the error can be precisely localised, whereby in the case of disturbance an accelerated diagnosis can be undertaken.
Not only faults and errors, particularly failure of locking sensors or locking contacts, can be discerned, but also the respective state of the locking sensors or locking contacts, particularly with respect to bounce behaviour and voltage drop, can be detected before a disturbance occurs.
= CA 02458460 2004-02-24 s On the basis of such information a precautionary servicing of the locking contacts can be undertaken. In most cases it can thereby be avoided that faults and errors arise due to failing locking contacts.
An unnoticed bridging over the locking contacts is not possible, since the control would recognise a signal change taking place at an unintended point in time.
The safety of the shaft door monitoring is thereby additionally increased.
On occurrence of a disturbance the fact that open locking contacts can be localised allows the lift cage to travel to the next possible storey without in that case having to go past the affected shaft door with the open contact; the passengers can thus disembark in every case and do not remain trapped for a longer period of time.
Subsequently thereto, different reactions can be carried out; the lift cage can remain at that storey at which the passengers have disembarked, and the service personnel are called up, or the lift cage is - if it is disposed below the storey with the defective locking contact - moved to a position in which its cage roof is disposed slightly below the opened shaft door so that the risk of a person falling through the opened shaft door in the lift shaft is eliminated, or the lift cage is moved at low speed and preferably accompanied by an acoustic signal to the affected storey with the opened shaft door. A recovery attempt can be carried out and if this is successful the lift system is operationally ready again.
Claims (28)
1. Lift system (10) with a lift cage (12) movable in a lift shaft by a drive unit (14), a control (16) for controlling the drive unit (14), a data bus (22) connected with the control (16), shaft doors (11) for closing the lift shaft, locking devices (18) for locking the shaft doors (11) at the shaft side and lock sensors (20) for monitoring the setting of the locking devices (18), wherein the lock sensors (20) are connected with the control (16) by way of the data bus (22), characterised in that a lock sensor (20) is repeatedly automatically interrogated by the control (16) at short intervals in time by way of the data bus (22) in order to be able to establish communications interruptions or transmission errors in the transmission by way of the data bus (22), and the function of a locking sensor (22) is detected in that the state of the locking sensor (20) is repeatedly automatically interrogated at long intervals in time with open and closed shaft door and made available to the control (16) by way of the data bus (22).
2. Lift system (10) according to claim 1, characterised in that the locking device is self-shutting when the corresponding shaft door (11) is closed.
3. Lift system (10) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the locking devices (18) used for locking the shaft doors (11) are so constructed that they can be unlocked, opened or closed only by a cage door (13) provided at the lift cage (12) or that they can be unlocked by a special tool and slid open by hand.
4. Lift system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that there is monitored, by way of the locking sensor (20) at one of the shaft doors (11), a position of the locking device (18) of the shaft doors (11) and an open or closed state of the shaft doors (11).
5. Lift system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the locking sensor (20) is a locking device contact, a microswitch, an inductive sensor, a capacitive sensor or an optical sensor.
6. Lift system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the control (16) evaluates the interrogation of the locking sensors (20) in order to be able to trigger one or more of the following predefined reactions: recognition and localisation of a fault; triggering of a service call; or, if an open shaft door was recognised, stopping lift cage or carrying out a situation-adapted reaction.
7. Lift system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the control (16) evaluates the interrogation of the locking sensors (20) in order to correct ascertained transmission errors by evaluation of several data packets.
8. Lift system (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterised in that in addition to monitoring of the shaft doors (11) the cage door is also monitored in order to make possible, by means of a coincidence check of the signals of shaft door (11) and cage door (13), a statement about the functional capability of the shaft door (11) and the locking sensor (20) of the shaft door (11).
9. Lift system (10) according to claim 8, characterised in that the monitoring of the cage door (13) is carried out by a safety bus in order to increase safety.
10. Lift system (10) according to claim 1, characterised in that in addition to the locking sensors (20) further means for detecting the state of the shaft doors (11) are present, which transmit information about the state of the shaft door by way of the data bus (22) or by way of a safety bus to the control (16).
11. Lift system (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterised in that in addition to monitoring of the shaft doors (11) the cage door is also monitored in order to make possible, by means of a coincidence check of the signals of shaft door (11) and cage door (13), a statement about the functional capability of the shaft door (11).
12. Lift system (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterised in that in addition to monitoring of the shaft doors (11) the cage door is also monitored in order to make possible, by means of a coincidence check of the signals of shaft door (11) and cage door (13), a statement about the functional capability of the locking sensor (20) of the shaft door (11).
13. A control circuit for a lift system having a lift cage movable in a lift shaft by a drive unit, a control for controlling the drive unit, a data bus connected with the control, shaft doors for closing the lift shaft, locking devices for locking the shaft doors at a shaft side and locking sensors for monitoring the setting of the locking devices, wherein the locking sensors are connected with the control by way of the data bus, the control circuit comprising means for repeatedly interrogating a locking sensor at short time intervals by way of the data bus whereby communications interruptions or transmission errors in data bus transmissions are detected, and for periodically testing the function of the locking sensors of all lift shaft doors by a) observing the signals locking sensors produce during opening/closing of the shaft doors in normal lift operation and b) automatically initiating a test travel of the lift cage to a story whose shaft door has not been operated within a defined ,period of time, opening and closing the shaft door, and observing the signals produced by the locking sensor associated with the shaft door.
14. The control circuit according to claim 13, characterized in that the locking device is self-shutting when the corresponding shaft door is closed.
15. The control circuit according to claim 14, characterized in that the locking devices for locking the shaft doors are of a construction whereby they can be unlocked, opened or closed only by a cage door provided at the lift cage and can be unlocked by a special tool and slid open by hand.
16. The control circuit according to claim 14, wherein the locking sensor includes means for monitoring the state of the associated locking device and shaft door.
17. The control circuit according to claim 16 wherein the locking sensor is chosen from a group consisting of a locking device contact, a microswitch, an inductive sensor, a capacitive sensor and an optical sensor.
18. The control circuit according claim 13 or claim 14, characterized in that the control includes means for evaluating interrogation of the locking sensors in order to be able to trigger one or more of the following operations: recognition and localization of a fault;
triggering of a service call; or, if an open shaft door was recognized, stopping lift cage or carrying out a situation-adapted reaction.
triggering of a service call; or, if an open shaft door was recognized, stopping lift cage or carrying out a situation-adapted reaction.
19. The control system according to claim 18, further including means for initiating a recovery attempt in the event of receipt of a negative result of one of the operations, including means for performing a multiple closing and opening of the shaft door to achieve a correctly closed and locked shaft door.
20. The control system according to claim 18, further including means for carrying out a situation-adapted reaction comprising means to allow the lift cage to travel to a next story reachable without requiring the cage to pass the shaft door with an open contact.
21. The control system according to claim 18, further including means for carrying out a situation-adapted reaction comprising means to allow the lift cage to be moved to a position I which its cage roof is disposed slightly below the shaft door having a door locking problem whereby the risk of a person falling through an open shaft door in the lift shaft is minimized.
22. The control system according to claim 18, further including means for carrying out a situation-adapted reaction comprising means to move the lift cage at a slow speed to an affected story showing a door locking problem and conducting multiple door openings and closings allow the lift cage to be moved to a position in an attempt to clear the problem and return the lift cage to an operational ready state.
23. The control system according to claim 13 or claim 14, characterized in that the control includes means for evaluating the interrogation of the locking sensors in order to correct ascertained transmission errors by evaluation of several data packets.
24. The control system according to claim 23, further including means for monitoring a cage door by enabling a coincidence check of the signals of a shaft door and the cage door, to evaluate the functional capability of at least one of the shaft door and the locking sensor of the shaft door.
25. The control system according to claim 24, characterized in that the monitoring of the cage door is carried out by a safety bus in order to increase safety.
26. The control system according to claim 24, further including means for initiating a recovery attempt in the event of receipt of a negative result of a coincidence check, including means for performing a multiple closing and opening of the shaft door to achieve a correctly closed and locked shaft door.
27. The control system of claim 13 or claim 14 wherein the defined period of time is between 8 and 24 hours.
28. The control system according to claim 13, further including in addition to the locking sensors further means for detecting a state of the shaft doors and for transmitting information about the state of the shaft door by way at least one of the data bus or a safety bus to the control.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01810903 | 2001-09-18 | ||
| EP01810903.3 | 2001-09-18 | ||
| PCT/CH2002/000498 WO2003024856A1 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2002-09-11 | Safety circuit for elevator doors |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2458460A1 CA2458460A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| CA2458460C true CA2458460C (en) | 2010-12-07 |
Family
ID=8184142
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2458460A Expired - Fee Related CA2458460C (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2002-09-11 | Safety circuit for lift doors |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7500650B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1427662B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4334346B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100953851B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1274575C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE312791T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2458460C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50205296D1 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1066781A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2292297C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003024856A1 (en) |
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| SG112018A1 (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-06-29 | Inventio Ag | Elevator installation and monitoring system for an elevator installation |
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| US8771204B2 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2014-07-08 | Masimo Corporation | Acoustic sensor assembly |
| SG173848A1 (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2011-09-29 | Inventio Ag | Elevator having a monitoring system |
| KR101250729B1 (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2013-04-03 | 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Signal transmission device |
| CN102020179A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-04-20 | 成都市第四建筑工程公司 | Interception device |
| CN102070066B (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2013-03-27 | 成都市第四建筑工程公司 | Interlocking apparatus for construction elevator and floor protective door |
| BR112013019511B1 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2021-04-20 | Inventio Ag | method and device for checking the functional capacity of at least one safety element of a safety circuit in a lifting installation |
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| CN104058309B (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-05-04 | 重庆市特种设备检测研究院 | A kind of electric safety return circuit of elevator redundancy and stop control method |
| CN108025887B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2019-09-24 | 因温特奥股份公司 | Device and method for monitoring the service mode of lift facility |
| WO2018114283A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | Inventio Ag | Device for unlocking a landing door |
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-
2002
- 2002-09-11 WO PCT/CH2002/000498 patent/WO2003024856A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-11 CN CNB028181069A patent/CN1274575C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-11 DE DE50205296T patent/DE50205296D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-11 CA CA2458460A patent/CA2458460C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-11 EP EP02754113A patent/EP1427662B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-11 JP JP2003528714A patent/JP4334346B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-11 RU RU2004111685/11A patent/RU2292297C2/en active
- 2002-09-11 AT AT02754113T patent/ATE312791T1/en active
- 2002-09-11 KR KR1020047003843A patent/KR100953851B1/en active IP Right Grant
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2004
- 2004-03-17 US US10/802,567 patent/US7500650B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-12-08 HK HK04109706A patent/HK1066781A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100953851B1 (en) | 2010-04-20 |
| EP1427662B1 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
| RU2004111685A (en) | 2005-04-27 |
| JP4334346B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
| US20040173410A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
| WO2003024856A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| CN1274575C (en) | 2006-09-13 |
| RU2292297C2 (en) | 2007-01-27 |
| EP1427662A1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
| JP2005502567A (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| CA2458460A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| HK1066781A1 (en) | 2005-04-01 |
| CN1555338A (en) | 2004-12-15 |
| DE50205296D1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
| KR20040029179A (en) | 2004-04-03 |
| ATE312791T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| US7500650B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20200911 |