CA2461368A1 - Bragg grating and method of producing a bragg grating using an ultrafast laser - Google Patents
Bragg grating and method of producing a bragg grating using an ultrafast laser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2461368A1 CA2461368A1 CA 2461368 CA2461368A CA2461368A1 CA 2461368 A1 CA2461368 A1 CA 2461368A1 CA 2461368 CA2461368 CA 2461368 CA 2461368 A CA2461368 A CA 2461368A CA 2461368 A1 CA2461368 A1 CA 2461368A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mask
- cladding
- core
- absorbing material
- electromagnetic radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
A novel Bragg grating filter in optical waveguiding fiber with suppressed cladding mode coupling and method of producing same is disclosed. The novel grating structure is induced in both the core and the cladding of the optical fiber irrespective of the photosensitivity of the core or cladding to actinic radiation. Such core and cladding of the optical fiber need not be chemically doped to support the grating. The method incorporates an ultra short duration pulse laser source. Electromagnetic radiation provided from the laser propagates to a diffractive element positioned a specific distance to the target material such that the diffracted electromagnetic radiation forms a 2-beam interference pattern, the peaks of which are sufficiently intense to cause a change in index of refraction.
Claims (27)
1. A method for inducing a spatially modulated refractive index pattern in an at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material, comprising the steps of:
providing the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material;
disposing a mask to be used as an interferometer, adjacent to the partially light transmissive or absorbing material such that light incident upon the mask is transmitted directly into said material; and, irradiating surface of the mask with electromagnetic radiation having a predetermined wavelength range and having a pulse duration of less than or equal to 500 picoseconds, wherein the mask is disposed to permit a portion of the electromagnetic radiation to interact with the mask and be incident on the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material, the interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with the mask for producing a spatial intensity modulation pattern within the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material, the electromagnetic radiation incident on the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material being sufficiently intense to cause a change in an index of refraction of the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material, wherein electromagnetic radiation interacting with the surface of the mask has a sufficiently low intensity to not significantly alter produced spatial intensity modulation properties of the mask.
providing the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material;
disposing a mask to be used as an interferometer, adjacent to the partially light transmissive or absorbing material such that light incident upon the mask is transmitted directly into said material; and, irradiating surface of the mask with electromagnetic radiation having a predetermined wavelength range and having a pulse duration of less than or equal to 500 picoseconds, wherein the mask is disposed to permit a portion of the electromagnetic radiation to interact with the mask and be incident on the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material, the interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with the mask for producing a spatial intensity modulation pattern within the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material, the electromagnetic radiation incident on the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material being sufficiently intense to cause a change in an index of refraction of the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material, wherein electromagnetic radiation interacting with the surface of the mask has a sufficiently low intensity to not significantly alter produced spatial intensity modulation properties of the mask.
2. A method of inducing a spatially modulated refractive index pattern as defined in claim 1 wherein the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material is a cladding of an optical waveguide and wherein the step of the mask is disposed to permit a portion of the electromagnetic radiation to interact with the mask and be incident on the cladding, the interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with the mask for producing a spatial intensity modulation pattern within the cladding, the electromagnetic radiation incident on the cladding being sufficiently intense to cause a change in an index of refraction of the cladding, the electromagnetic radiation interacting with the surface of the mask having a sufficiently low intensity to not significantly alter produced spatial intensity modulation properties of the mask.
3. A method of providing a spatially modulated refractive index pattern in at least a partially transmissive or absorbing material, as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of disposing a mask to be used as an interferometer includes the steps of disposing and orienting the mask adjacent to the at least partially transmissive material at a distance "d"
such that group velocity walk-off results in pure 2-beam interference within the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material when irradiated with a pulse of light of less than or equal to 100 picoseconds, wherein the distance "d" is chosen such that the difference in times of arrival of the order pairs due to group velocity walk-off results in the pure 2-beam interference pattern of subbeams of said pulse of light that have passed through or reflected off of the mask.
such that group velocity walk-off results in pure 2-beam interference within the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material when irradiated with a pulse of light of less than or equal to 100 picoseconds, wherein the distance "d" is chosen such that the difference in times of arrival of the order pairs due to group velocity walk-off results in the pure 2-beam interference pattern of subbeams of said pulse of light that have passed through or reflected off of the mask.
4. An optical waveguide grating comprising:
a core having a refractive index n1;
a cladding provided around an outer periphery of said core, said cladding having a refractive index n2 different than the refractive index n1 of said core, wherein the cladding is not substantially photosensitive to actinic radiation (UV); and, a grating written in the cladding.
a core having a refractive index n1;
a cladding provided around an outer periphery of said core, said cladding having a refractive index n2 different than the refractive index n1 of said core, wherein the cladding is not substantially photosensitive to actinic radiation (UV); and, a grating written in the cladding.
5. A method, as defined in claim 1 for inducing a spatially modulated refractive index pattern in an at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material wherein said material is an optical waveguide having a cladding and a core and wherein the modulated refractive index pattern is a blazed grating.
6. A method as defined in claim 2 wherein the spatially modulated refractive index pattern is a grating and wherein a grating is also written in a core of the optical waveguide.
7. A method as defined in claim 6 wherein the grating in the core and the grating in the cladding is contiguous and extends across a boundary between the cladding and the core along a cross-section of the waveguide.
8. An optical waveguide as defined in claim 7, wherein the grating extending through a cross section of the core and the cladding is substantially uniform, said grating for reflecting a component of light propagating through said core having a predetermined wavelength.
9. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material is an optical fiber and wherein the optical fiber comprises an external jacket layer and wherein in the step of providing electromagnetic radiation, a portion of the electromagnetic radiation propagates from the diffractive optical element through the external jacket layer.
10. A method as defined in claim 2 where the cladding comprises more than one cladding region.
11. A method according to claim 6 wherein the grating structure in the core and cladding is larger than the cross-section of the fundamental guided mode where the coupling coefficient between core and cladding modes is near zero
12. A method according to claim 6 where the optical waveguide is an optical fiber, wherein the grating structure in the core and cladding is larger than the cross-section of the LP01 guided mode where the coupling coefficient k01,µv between core and cladding modes is near zero.
13. A method according to claim 2 where said cladding is not photosensitive to actinic UV
radiation.
radiation.
14. An optical waveguide according to claim 1 where said at least partially transmissive or absorbing material is an optical waveguide and wherein the modulated refractive index pattern is in a fusion region of a fused biconic tapered coupler.
15. A method according to claim 1 wherein the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material is a tapered optical fiber.
16. A method according to claim 3, wherein the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material is an optical waveguide having a core and a cladding.
17. A method according to claim 1, comprising the step of providing a laser source and a focusing element, the laser source for providing the electromagnetic radiation, wherein the focusing element focuses electromagnetic radiation provided by the laser source to a region near a surface of the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material such that said electromagnetic radiation does not significantly alter the spatial intensity modulation properties of the mask.
18. A method according to claim 1, comprising the step of providing a laser source and a focusing element, the laser source for providing the electromagnetic radiation, wherein the focusing element is optically disposed between the laser source and the mask, the focusing element for focusing electromagnetic radiation provided by the laser source to a region near a surface of the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material such that said electromagnetic radiation does not significantly alter the spatial intensity modulation properties of the mask.
19. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein during the step of providing electromagnetic radiation, the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material and the beam are relatively moved so as to extend the grating.
20. A method for inducing a spatially modulated refractive index pattern in at least a partially transmissive material or absorbing, comprising the steps of:
providing the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material;
disposing and orienting a mask adjacent to the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material at a distance "d" such that group velocity walk-off results in at least 2-beam interference within the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material when irradiated with a pulse of light of less than or equal to 100 picoseconds, wherein the distance "d" is chosen such that the difference in times of arrival of the order pairs due to group velocity walk-off affects the number of interfering order pairs to produce an at least 2-beam interference pattern of subbeams of said pulse of light that have passed through or reflected off of the mask;
irradiating the mask with pulsed light having a duration of less than 100 ps to generate the index modulated pattern in the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material.
providing the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material;
disposing and orienting a mask adjacent to the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material at a distance "d" such that group velocity walk-off results in at least 2-beam interference within the at least partially transmissive or absorbing material when irradiated with a pulse of light of less than or equal to 100 picoseconds, wherein the distance "d" is chosen such that the difference in times of arrival of the order pairs due to group velocity walk-off affects the number of interfering order pairs to produce an at least 2-beam interference pattern of subbeams of said pulse of light that have passed through or reflected off of the mask;
irradiating the mask with pulsed light having a duration of less than 100 ps to generate the index modulated pattern in the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material.
21. An optical waveguide having a grating formed in the core and cladding of the waveguide, wherein the grating is substantially uniform and contiguous from the core and into the cladding made by the method of claim 20, and wherein the spatially modulated refractive index pattern defined in claim 20 forms the grating.
22. A waveguide as defined in claim 21, wherein the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material is SMF-28 optical fiber.
23. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material is a crystal.
24. A method according to claim 1, wherein the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material is a sapphire optical fiber, the sapphire optical fiber having an induced index change for providing a single-mode core, the single-mode core for propagating electromagnetic radiation at a design wavelength.
25. A method as in claim 1 where in the mask is a phase mask.
26. A method of inducing a spatially modulated refractive index pattern as defined in claim 1 wherein the at least partially light transmissive or absorbing material is a core of an optical waveguide and wherein the step of the mask is disposed to permit a portion of the electromagnetic radiation to interact with the mask and be incident on the core, the interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with the mask for producing a spatial intensity modulation pattern within the core, the electromagnetic radiation incident on the core being sufficiently intense to cause a change in an index of refraction of the core, the electromagnetic radiation interacting with the surface of the mask having a sufficiently low intensity to not significantly alter produced spatial intensity modulation properties of the mask.
27. An optical waveguide according to claim 26 where said core is not photosensitive to actinic UV radiation.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2461368A CA2461368C (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2004-03-19 | Bragg grating and method of producing a bragg grating using an ultrafast laser |
| US11/104,545 US20050232541A1 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2005-04-13 | Optical fiber sensor based on retro-reflective fiber bragg gratings |
| US11/243,193 US7379643B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2005-10-05 | Optical fiber sensor based on retro-reflective fiber Bragg gratings |
| US12/169,920 US7689087B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2008-07-09 | Method of changing the birefringence of an optical waveguide by laser modification of the cladding |
Applications Claiming Priority (11)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US45618403P | 2003-03-21 | 2003-03-21 | |
| US60/456,184 | 2003-03-21 | ||
| CA2,436,499 | 2003-08-01 | ||
| CA2436499A CA2436499C (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2003-08-01 | Bragg grating and method of producing a bragg grating using an ultrafast laser |
| US10/639,486 US6993221B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2003-08-13 | Bragg grating and method of producing a bragg grating using an ultrafast laser |
| US10/639,486 | 2003-08-13 | ||
| EP03405845.3A EP1460459B1 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2003-11-26 | Method of producing a bragg grating using an ultrafast laser |
| EP03405845.3 | 2003-11-26 | ||
| US54594904P | 2004-02-20 | 2004-02-20 | |
| US60/545,949 | 2004-02-20 | ||
| CA2461368A CA2461368C (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2004-03-19 | Bragg grating and method of producing a bragg grating using an ultrafast laser |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2461368A1 true CA2461368A1 (en) | 2004-09-21 |
| CA2461368C CA2461368C (en) | 2012-07-31 |
Family
ID=32996408
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2461368A Expired - Lifetime CA2461368C (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2004-03-19 | Bragg grating and method of producing a bragg grating using an ultrafast laser |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2461368C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7689087B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2010-03-30 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Industry, Through The Communications Research Centre Canada | Method of changing the birefringence of an optical waveguide by laser modification of the cladding |
| US8272236B2 (en) | 2008-06-18 | 2012-09-25 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Industry, Through The Communications Research Centre Canada | High temperature stable fiber grating sensor and method for producing same |
| US10132994B2 (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2018-11-20 | Universite Laval | Writing of high mechanical strength fiber Bragg gratings through the polymer coating of an optical fiber |
-
2004
- 2004-03-19 CA CA2461368A patent/CA2461368C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7689087B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2010-03-30 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Industry, Through The Communications Research Centre Canada | Method of changing the birefringence of an optical waveguide by laser modification of the cladding |
| US8272236B2 (en) | 2008-06-18 | 2012-09-25 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Industry, Through The Communications Research Centre Canada | High temperature stable fiber grating sensor and method for producing same |
| US8402789B2 (en) | 2008-06-18 | 2013-03-26 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Industry, Through The Communications Research Centre Canada | High temperature stable fiber grating sensor and method for producing same |
| US10132994B2 (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2018-11-20 | Universite Laval | Writing of high mechanical strength fiber Bragg gratings through the polymer coating of an optical fiber |
| US10845533B2 (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2020-11-24 | UNIVERSITé LAVAL | Writing of high mechanical strength fiber bragg gratings using ultrafast pulses and a phase mask |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2461368C (en) | 2012-07-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7031571B2 (en) | Bragg grating and method of producing a Bragg grating using an ultrafast laser | |
| US6993221B2 (en) | Bragg grating and method of producing a bragg grating using an ultrafast laser | |
| EP1462831B1 (en) | Bragg grating and method of producing a bragg using an ultrafast laser | |
| Thomas et al. | Inscription of fiber Bragg gratings with femtosecond pulses using a phase mask scanning technique | |
| US5745617A (en) | Near-ultra-violet formation of refractive-index grating using reflective phase mask | |
| US5016967A (en) | Multi-core optical waveguide Bragg grating light redirecting arrangement | |
| US5604829A (en) | Optical waveguide with diffraction grating and method of forming the same | |
| US7483615B2 (en) | Method of changing the refractive index in a region of a core of a photonic crystal fiber using a laser | |
| USRE39865E1 (en) | Method of fabricating Bragg gratings using a silica glass phase grating mask and mask used by same | |
| CA2087511C (en) | Method of fabricating bragg gratings using a silica glass phase grating mask | |
| US5881188A (en) | Optical fiber having core segment with refractive-index grating | |
| US7379643B2 (en) | Optical fiber sensor based on retro-reflective fiber Bragg gratings | |
| Grobnic et al. | Fiber Bragg gratings with suppressed cladding modes made in SMF-28 with a femtosecond IR laser and a phase mask | |
| CA2504765C (en) | Optical fiber sensor based on retro-reflective fiber bragg gratings | |
| US6249624B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for forming a Bragg grating with high intensity light | |
| CA3034584A1 (en) | Femtosecond laser inscription | |
| US20050232541A1 (en) | Optical fiber sensor based on retro-reflective fiber bragg gratings | |
| US9335468B2 (en) | Fiber bragg grating in micro/nanofiber and method of producing the same | |
| JPH1152299A (en) | Space filter for high-output laser beam | |
| US5953471A (en) | Optical communication system having short period reflective Bragg gratings | |
| KR19980703386A (en) | Formation method of photosensitive grating using Lloyd's mirror | |
| CA2579828C (en) | Method of changing the refractive index in a region of a core of a photonic crystal fiber using a laser | |
| CA2461368A1 (en) | Bragg grating and method of producing a bragg grating using an ultrafast laser | |
| CA3105158A1 (en) | Phase-shifted fiber bragg grating sensor and method for producing same | |
| JPH08101322A (en) | Production of transmission type fiber grating filter and apparatus therefor |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request |