CA2467674A1 - Altering surface of display screen from matt to optically smooth - Google Patents
Altering surface of display screen from matt to optically smooth Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2467674A1 CA2467674A1 CA002467674A CA2467674A CA2467674A1 CA 2467674 A1 CA2467674 A1 CA 2467674A1 CA 002467674 A CA002467674 A CA 002467674A CA 2467674 A CA2467674 A CA 2467674A CA 2467674 A1 CA2467674 A1 CA 2467674A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- matt
- matt surface
- screen
- film
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133502—Antiglare, refractive index matching layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
Abstract
A matt surface (7) of a display screen (2) is converted to an optically flat surface (11), for example, via an epoxy resin coating (10) or the like which has a refractive index equal to that of the matt surface (7). Alternatively, the matt surface (7) may be removed from the screen (2), and replaced with an optically smooth surface. The matt surface may be a diffusive surface (7) formed on a birefringent film (6) of an LCD screen (2). The display screen (2) is the front screen of a multilevel three-dimensional display comprising layered screens (2, 3), and altering the surface from matt to flat reduces the blurring of displayed images.
Description
ALTERING SURFACE OF DISPLAY SCREEN FROM MATT TO OPTICALLY SMOOTH
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to improved viewing technology.
In particular, this invention will be discussed in relation to 3-dimensional display technology such as that described in the applicant's co-pending patent application PCT/NZ0098/00098 and PCT/0099/0002,1. It should be seen however, that the principles of the present invention should not be limited to this use and can be applied elsewhere, particularly to display technology whereby a viewer looks through a screen or the like to see another image in the background.
1 o Reference shall now be made to use of the present invention in relation to the technology as disclosed in the above referenced patent applications.
BACKGROUND ART
The applicant has previously developed a 3-dimensional viewing technology.
This technology uses in preferred embodiments two or more overlapping liquid crystal display (LCDs) screens positioned parallel to but spaced apart from each other. In addition to the more obvious benefits of 3-dimensional displays in terms of realistic portrayal of depth, the applicant's display technology provides additional potential benefits in terms of preattentive information processing.
The term preattentive processing has been coined to denote the act of the 2o subconscious mind in analysing and processing visual information which has not become the focus of the viewer's conscious awareness.
When viewing a large number of visual elements, certain variations or properties in the visual characteristics of elements can lead to rapid detection by preattentive processing. This is significantly faster than requiring a user to individually scan each element, scrutinising for the presence of the said properties. Exactly what properties lend themselves to preattentive processing has in itself been the subject of substantial research. Colour, shape, three-dimensional visual clues, orientation, movement and depth have all been irLVestigated to discern the germane visual features that trigger effective preattentive processing.
Researchers such as Triesman [1985] conducted experiments using target and boundary detection in an attempt to classify preattentive features.
Preattentive target detection was tested by determining whether a target element was present or absent io within a field of background distractor elements. Boundary detection involves attempting to detect the boundary formed by a group of target elements with a unique visual feature set within distractors. It maybe readily visualised for example that a red circle would be immediately discernible set amongst a number of blue circles.
Equally, a circle would be readily detectable if set amongst a number of square shaped distractors. In order to test for preattentiveness, the number of distractors as seen is varied and if the search time required to identify the targets remains constant, irrespective of the number of distractors, the search is said to be preattentive. Similar search time limitations are used to classify boundary detection searches as preattentive.
2o A widespread threshold time used to classify preattentiveness is 200-250 msec as this only allows the user opportunity for a single 'look' at a scene. This timeframe is "
insufficient for a human to consciously decide to look at a different portion of the scene. Search tasks such as those stated above maybe accomplished in less than msec, thus suggesting that the information in the display is being processed in parallel unattendedly or pre-attentively.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to improved viewing technology.
In particular, this invention will be discussed in relation to 3-dimensional display technology such as that described in the applicant's co-pending patent application PCT/NZ0098/00098 and PCT/0099/0002,1. It should be seen however, that the principles of the present invention should not be limited to this use and can be applied elsewhere, particularly to display technology whereby a viewer looks through a screen or the like to see another image in the background.
1 o Reference shall now be made to use of the present invention in relation to the technology as disclosed in the above referenced patent applications.
BACKGROUND ART
The applicant has previously developed a 3-dimensional viewing technology.
This technology uses in preferred embodiments two or more overlapping liquid crystal display (LCDs) screens positioned parallel to but spaced apart from each other. In addition to the more obvious benefits of 3-dimensional displays in terms of realistic portrayal of depth, the applicant's display technology provides additional potential benefits in terms of preattentive information processing.
The term preattentive processing has been coined to denote the act of the 2o subconscious mind in analysing and processing visual information which has not become the focus of the viewer's conscious awareness.
When viewing a large number of visual elements, certain variations or properties in the visual characteristics of elements can lead to rapid detection by preattentive processing. This is significantly faster than requiring a user to individually scan each element, scrutinising for the presence of the said properties. Exactly what properties lend themselves to preattentive processing has in itself been the subject of substantial research. Colour, shape, three-dimensional visual clues, orientation, movement and depth have all been irLVestigated to discern the germane visual features that trigger effective preattentive processing.
Researchers such as Triesman [1985] conducted experiments using target and boundary detection in an attempt to classify preattentive features.
Preattentive target detection was tested by determining whether a target element was present or absent io within a field of background distractor elements. Boundary detection involves attempting to detect the boundary formed by a group of target elements with a unique visual feature set within distractors. It maybe readily visualised for example that a red circle would be immediately discernible set amongst a number of blue circles.
Equally, a circle would be readily detectable if set amongst a number of square shaped distractors. In order to test for preattentiveness, the number of distractors as seen is varied and if the search time required to identify the targets remains constant, irrespective of the number of distractors, the search is said to be preattentive. Similar search time limitations are used to classify boundary detection searches as preattentive.
2o A widespread threshold time used to classify preattentiveness is 200-250 msec as this only allows the user opportunity for a single 'look' at a scene. This timeframe is "
insufficient for a human to consciously decide to look at a different portion of the scene. Search tasks such as those stated above maybe accomplished in less than msec, thus suggesting that the information in the display is being processed in parallel unattendedly or pre-attentively.
2 However, if the target is composed of a conjunction of unique features, i.e. a conjoin search, then research shows that these may not be detected preattentively.
Using the above examples, if a target is comprised for example, of a red circle set within distractors including blue circles and red squares, it is not possible to detect the red s circle preattentively as all the distractors include one of the two unique features of the target.
Whilst the above example is based on a relatively simple visual scene, Enns and Rensink [1990] identified that targets given the appearance of being three dimensional objects can also be detected preattentively. Thus, for example a target represented by 1 o a perspective view of a cube shaded to indicate illumination from above would be preattentively detectable amongst a plurality of distractor cubes shaded to imply illumination from a different direction. This illustrates an important principle in that the relatively complex, high-level concept of perceived three dimensionality may be processed preattentively by the sub-conscious mind.
15 In comparison, if the constituent elements of the above described cubes are re-orientated to remove the apparent three dimensionality, subjects cannot preattentively detect targets which have been inverted for example. Additional experimentation by Brown et al [1992] confirm that it is the three dimensional orientation characteristic which is preattentively detected. Nakaymyama and Silverman [196] showed that 2o motion and depth were preattentive characteristics and that furthermore, stereoscopic depth could be used to overcome the effects of conjoin. This reinforced the work done by Enns Rensink in suggesting that high-level information is conceptually being processed by the low-level visual system of the user. To test the effects of depth, subjects were tasked with detecting targets of different binocular disparity relative to 25 the distractors. Results showed a constant response time irrespective of the increase in distractor numbers.
Using the above examples, if a target is comprised for example, of a red circle set within distractors including blue circles and red squares, it is not possible to detect the red s circle preattentively as all the distractors include one of the two unique features of the target.
Whilst the above example is based on a relatively simple visual scene, Enns and Rensink [1990] identified that targets given the appearance of being three dimensional objects can also be detected preattentively. Thus, for example a target represented by 1 o a perspective view of a cube shaded to indicate illumination from above would be preattentively detectable amongst a plurality of distractor cubes shaded to imply illumination from a different direction. This illustrates an important principle in that the relatively complex, high-level concept of perceived three dimensionality may be processed preattentively by the sub-conscious mind.
15 In comparison, if the constituent elements of the above described cubes are re-orientated to remove the apparent three dimensionality, subjects cannot preattentively detect targets which have been inverted for example. Additional experimentation by Brown et al [1992] confirm that it is the three dimensional orientation characteristic which is preattentively detected. Nakaymyama and Silverman [196] showed that 2o motion and depth were preattentive characteristics and that furthermore, stereoscopic depth could be used to overcome the effects of conjoin. This reinforced the work done by Enns Rensink in suggesting that high-level information is conceptually being processed by the low-level visual system of the user. To test the effects of depth, subjects were tasked with detecting targets of different binocular disparity relative to 25 the distractors. Results showed a constant response time irrespective of the increase in distractor numbers.
3 These experiments were followed by conjoin tasks whereby blue distractors were placed on a front plane whilst red distractors were located on a rear plane and the target was either red on the front plane or blue on the rear plane for stereo colour (SC) conjoin tests, whilst stereo and motion (SM) trials utilised distractors on the front plane moving up or on the back plane moving down with a target on either the front plane moving down or on the back plane moving up.
Results showed the response time for SC and SM trials were constant and below the 250 cosec threshold regardless of the number of distractors. The trials involved conjoin as the target did not possess a feature unique to all the distractors.
However, 1 o it appeared the observers were able to search each plane preattentively in turn without interference from distractors in another plane.
This research was further reinforced by Melton and Scharff [1998] in a series of experiments in which a search task consisting of locating an intermediate-sized target amongst large and small distractors tested the serial nature of the search whereby the target was embedded in the same plane as the distractors and the preattentive nature of the search whereby the target was placed in a separate depth plane to the distractors.
The ,relative influence of the total number of distractors present (regardless of their depth) verses the number of distractors present solely in the depth plane of the target was also investigated. The results showed a number of interesting features including 2o the significant modification of the response time resulting from the target presence or absence. In the target absence trials, the reaction times of all the subjects displayed a direct correspondence to the number of distractors whilst the target present trials did not display any such dependency. Furthermore, it was found that the reaction times in instances where distractors were spread across multiple depths were faster than for distractors located in a single depth plane.
Results showed the response time for SC and SM trials were constant and below the 250 cosec threshold regardless of the number of distractors. The trials involved conjoin as the target did not possess a feature unique to all the distractors.
However, 1 o it appeared the observers were able to search each plane preattentively in turn without interference from distractors in another plane.
This research was further reinforced by Melton and Scharff [1998] in a series of experiments in which a search task consisting of locating an intermediate-sized target amongst large and small distractors tested the serial nature of the search whereby the target was embedded in the same plane as the distractors and the preattentive nature of the search whereby the target was placed in a separate depth plane to the distractors.
The ,relative influence of the total number of distractors present (regardless of their depth) verses the number of distractors present solely in the depth plane of the target was also investigated. The results showed a number of interesting features including 2o the significant modification of the response time resulting from the target presence or absence. In the target absence trials, the reaction times of all the subjects displayed a direct correspondence to the number of distractors whilst the target present trials did not display any such dependency. Furthermore, it was found that the reaction times in instances where distractors were spread across multiple depths were faster than for distractors located in a single depth plane.
4 Consequently, the use of a plurality of depth/focal planes as a means of displaying information can enhance preattentive processing with enhanced reaction/assimilation ' times.
Although not restricted to the exclusive use of same, LCD screens are particularly suited for use with the applicant's display technology. As is well known in the art, LCD screens are typically configured with crossed polarisers on either side of the liquid crystals layer. This configuration would therefore block the passage of light through two or more successive LCD screens arranged with identical polarisation axes.
1 o In one means of addressing this problem, the applicants place a bi-refringent film between adjacent LCD screens. This film transforms the polarisation of the light coming from the rear LCD screen from linear polarisation to elliptical polarisation, before it passes through the front LCD screen. This enables the viewer to see an image displayed on the rear LCD screen through the front screen as the effect of the orthogonal polarisers is overcome.
However, further problems occur with the introduction of this extra element.
Bi-refringent films do not have a uniform thickness even though the variance is only in the range of micrometres. Therefore, the different wavelengths of incident light such as that comprising 'normal' white light results in polarisation ellipsoids of different 2o axial ratio and/or tilt angle, after transmission through the aforementioned bi-refeingent film. Therefore, varying amounts of light of different wavelengths will pass through the polarisers of the front LCD, and the user will see bands of colour.
A further problem of viewing one LCD screen through another LCD screen is that the viewer's perception of the electronic tracery pattern used to address each of the pixels on the LCD screen. The combination of viewing the tracery on the back screen
Although not restricted to the exclusive use of same, LCD screens are particularly suited for use with the applicant's display technology. As is well known in the art, LCD screens are typically configured with crossed polarisers on either side of the liquid crystals layer. This configuration would therefore block the passage of light through two or more successive LCD screens arranged with identical polarisation axes.
1 o In one means of addressing this problem, the applicants place a bi-refringent film between adjacent LCD screens. This film transforms the polarisation of the light coming from the rear LCD screen from linear polarisation to elliptical polarisation, before it passes through the front LCD screen. This enables the viewer to see an image displayed on the rear LCD screen through the front screen as the effect of the orthogonal polarisers is overcome.
However, further problems occur with the introduction of this extra element.
Bi-refringent films do not have a uniform thickness even though the variance is only in the range of micrometres. Therefore, the different wavelengths of incident light such as that comprising 'normal' white light results in polarisation ellipsoids of different 2o axial ratio and/or tilt angle, after transmission through the aforementioned bi-refeingent film. Therefore, varying amounts of light of different wavelengths will pass through the polarisers of the front LCD, and the user will see bands of colour.
A further problem of viewing one LCD screen through another LCD screen is that the viewer's perception of the electronic tracery pattern used to address each of the pixels on the LCD screen. The combination of viewing the tracery on the back screen
5
6 PCT/NZO1/00258 overlaid with the tracery on the front screen causes moue interference patterns which are very noticeable and unwelcome to the viewer.
In ordex to address the above-described problems, the applicants formed the bi-refringent film with optically diffusive properties, by etching a matt surface onto one side of the film. This remedies the visual colour anomalies, and the viewer's perception of the tracery on the rear screen. Thus, it can be seen that the introduction of a diffuse element to this technology plays a pivotal role in producing an optically usable multi-LCD screen display.
It is important that the diffuse bi-refringent element is located close to the rear screen 1 o to provide the viewer with the greatest divergence of light and thereby providing a wider viewing angle.
A necessary effect of the diffusive nature of the bi-refringent film is a slight blurring of the image on the rear LCD screen. The optimum level of diffusion is the minimum amount that renders the appearance of moue interference patterns invisible or insignificant. Further diffusion or blurriness is not only unnecessary but detrimental to the perceived quality of the image on the rear screen and hence that of the combined mufti-screen display system.
The blurring of the rear screen is compounded by the way that LCD
manufacturers presently manufacture their screens. At present, almost all LCD manufacturers 2o produce screens that have a matt surface on one or both sides. This matt surface is intended to reduce glare on the LCD screen by randomly scattering the light reflected off the front of the LCD screen, so that a mirror-type reflected image is not perceived by a viewer. This matt finish may also be on the rear surface of the LCD
screen to help to diffuse the screen's normal backlight source.
25 Unfortunately, this also increases the diffusion of the light being emitted by the rear screen when this standard LCD screen, with matt finish applied to the front and/or rear surface, is used with the applicant's technology as described. This results in an unnecessarily blurred rear image thereby restricting the utility of the 3-dimensional display.
s It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
1 o According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of converting a matt surface of a front screen of a mufti focal-plane display configured with two or more optically overlapping screens, characterised by the step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface.
The, or each screen rnay be any type of screen used in known display technology such 1~ as, for example, a glass or plastic surface used with cathode ray technology and so forth. Reference throughout this specification to a screen being an LCD
(liquid crystal display) screen is purely exemplary and should not be viewed as limiting in any way.
The term 'matt surface' as used herein denotes a surface which diffuses light to a greater degree than an optically smooth or glossy surface.
2o The matt surface typically used in display technologies (for example LCD
screens) has an optically rough or irregular surface composed of numerous pits and bumps.
The combined effect of this irregular surface together with differing refractive index between the surface material and the ambient air causes both reflected and transmitted light to scatter or otherwise be diffused.
In ordex to address the above-described problems, the applicants formed the bi-refringent film with optically diffusive properties, by etching a matt surface onto one side of the film. This remedies the visual colour anomalies, and the viewer's perception of the tracery on the rear screen. Thus, it can be seen that the introduction of a diffuse element to this technology plays a pivotal role in producing an optically usable multi-LCD screen display.
It is important that the diffuse bi-refringent element is located close to the rear screen 1 o to provide the viewer with the greatest divergence of light and thereby providing a wider viewing angle.
A necessary effect of the diffusive nature of the bi-refringent film is a slight blurring of the image on the rear LCD screen. The optimum level of diffusion is the minimum amount that renders the appearance of moue interference patterns invisible or insignificant. Further diffusion or blurriness is not only unnecessary but detrimental to the perceived quality of the image on the rear screen and hence that of the combined mufti-screen display system.
The blurring of the rear screen is compounded by the way that LCD
manufacturers presently manufacture their screens. At present, almost all LCD manufacturers 2o produce screens that have a matt surface on one or both sides. This matt surface is intended to reduce glare on the LCD screen by randomly scattering the light reflected off the front of the LCD screen, so that a mirror-type reflected image is not perceived by a viewer. This matt finish may also be on the rear surface of the LCD
screen to help to diffuse the screen's normal backlight source.
25 Unfortunately, this also increases the diffusion of the light being emitted by the rear screen when this standard LCD screen, with matt finish applied to the front and/or rear surface, is used with the applicant's technology as described. This results in an unnecessarily blurred rear image thereby restricting the utility of the 3-dimensional display.
s It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
1 o According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of converting a matt surface of a front screen of a mufti focal-plane display configured with two or more optically overlapping screens, characterised by the step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface.
The, or each screen rnay be any type of screen used in known display technology such 1~ as, for example, a glass or plastic surface used with cathode ray technology and so forth. Reference throughout this specification to a screen being an LCD
(liquid crystal display) screen is purely exemplary and should not be viewed as limiting in any way.
The term 'matt surface' as used herein denotes a surface which diffuses light to a greater degree than an optically smooth or glossy surface.
2o The matt surface typically used in display technologies (for example LCD
screens) has an optically rough or irregular surface composed of numerous pits and bumps.
The combined effect of this irregular surface together with differing refractive index between the surface material and the ambient air causes both reflected and transmitted light to scatter or otherwise be diffused.
7 In some embodiments, the matt surface may be formed on a polariser film.
lVdore specifically, the polarising film may be formed from a protective transparent layer encapsulating a polarising layer.
According to one embodiment, the step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface includes applying an at least partially transparent coating to the matt surface. Preferably, the coating is applied as a flowable substance and subsequently hardened to form an optically flat outer surface.
Preferably, the coating is of a material with substantially the same refractive index as the material having the matt surface.
1o Preferably, the coating flows over, around and/or inside any optical irregularities, distortions, protrusions, or discontinuities of said matt surface to a sufficient thickness to form a substantially optically flat outer surface.
The coating may be applied by a variety of methods including painting, spraying, sputtering, vapour deposition, slurry coating, chemical deposition, screen printing or roll coating.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface includes attaching an optically smooth transparent film to the matt surface by a transparent adhesive interposed between the film and the matt surface.
zo Preferably, the adhesive is initially applied to a lower surface of the film, though alternatively, the adhesive may be applied to the matt surface independently from the film.
Preferably, the said adhesive and film are of materials having substantially the same refractive index as the material having the matt surface.
lVdore specifically, the polarising film may be formed from a protective transparent layer encapsulating a polarising layer.
According to one embodiment, the step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface includes applying an at least partially transparent coating to the matt surface. Preferably, the coating is applied as a flowable substance and subsequently hardened to form an optically flat outer surface.
Preferably, the coating is of a material with substantially the same refractive index as the material having the matt surface.
1o Preferably, the coating flows over, around and/or inside any optical irregularities, distortions, protrusions, or discontinuities of said matt surface to a sufficient thickness to form a substantially optically flat outer surface.
The coating may be applied by a variety of methods including painting, spraying, sputtering, vapour deposition, slurry coating, chemical deposition, screen printing or roll coating.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface includes attaching an optically smooth transparent film to the matt surface by a transparent adhesive interposed between the film and the matt surface.
zo Preferably, the adhesive is initially applied to a lower surface of the film, though alternatively, the adhesive may be applied to the matt surface independently from the film.
Preferably, the said adhesive and film are of materials having substantially the same refractive index as the material having the matt surface.
8 Preferably, the adhesive is capable of flowing over, around and/or inside any optical irregularities, distortions, protrusions, or discontinuities of said matt surface to a sufficient thickness to form a substantially optically flat outer surface.
It should be appreciated that the term film means any layer or material that performs s the function as described above.
In a yet further embodiment of the present invention, the, step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface includes removing the existing the material having the matt surface and replacing same with a material having an optically smooth surface.
1o Preferably said material having an optically smooth surface is a polariser film, preferably formed from a protective transparent layer encapsulating a polarising layer.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display produced by any one of the above-described methods.
Consequently, it has been found that by performing the step of altering the matt 1 s surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface as described in any of the above-described embodiments, any effect of the scattering or diffusion of light both transmitted through and reflected from the display technology (in this example LCD screen) is substantially ameliorated.
When a screen which has been converted in accordance with the present invention is 2o used with 3-dimensional technology as described previously, a highly improved clarity in the images viewed on the rear screen is achieved.
The application of any of the aforementioned steps fox altering the matt surface of the front screen to an optically smooth surface does not interfere in any way with the operation of the diffuse bi-refringent film in that there are no visible colour patches
It should be appreciated that the term film means any layer or material that performs s the function as described above.
In a yet further embodiment of the present invention, the, step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface includes removing the existing the material having the matt surface and replacing same with a material having an optically smooth surface.
1o Preferably said material having an optically smooth surface is a polariser film, preferably formed from a protective transparent layer encapsulating a polarising layer.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display produced by any one of the above-described methods.
Consequently, it has been found that by performing the step of altering the matt 1 s surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface as described in any of the above-described embodiments, any effect of the scattering or diffusion of light both transmitted through and reflected from the display technology (in this example LCD screen) is substantially ameliorated.
When a screen which has been converted in accordance with the present invention is 2o used with 3-dimensional technology as described previously, a highly improved clarity in the images viewed on the rear screen is achieved.
The application of any of the aforementioned steps fox altering the matt surface of the front screen to an optically smooth surface does not interfere in any way with the operation of the diffuse bi-refringent film in that there are no visible colour patches
9 and/or moire interference discernible to viewer.
The present invention also has a number of other advantages including the creation of images with improved clarity with a wide angle of view, but without requiring the production of expensive customised screens.
This invention allows all the necessary diffusion of the image on the rear screen to be achieved immediately in front of the rear screen, thus giving the greatest angle of view for the given amount of diffusion, due to the diffuse or scattering element being as far away from the viewer as possible.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
1 o Further aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic cross sectional view through a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows a schematic cross sectional view through a second preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 3 shows a schematic cross sectional view through a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
2o The figures 1-3 illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention implemented with a dual screen display (1) composed of a plurality of transparent imaging screens in the form of a front LCD screen (2), parallel to, but spaced apart from a rear display screen (3) provided with a backlight (4).
It should be apparent to one skilled in the art that a number of alternative display technologies may be utilised in place of the LCD screens. Furthermore, although figure 1 shows a single screen (2) in front of the rear display (3) for the sake of clarity and convenience, any number of additional (at least partially transparent) imaging screens (2) may be incorporated. Although the rear screen (3) may also be an LCD
screen, it will be apparent that alternative, non-transparent display technology may be employed.
Such displays provide a three dimensional quality the scene viewed by an observer, as described in the applicants co-pending patents PCT No. PCT/NZ98/00098 and io PCT/NZ99/00021, incorporated by reference herein.
As previously discussed, a number of practical considerations need to be overcome to produce a functional display of this type including the reduction or elimination of moire interference effects, coloured fringes, arid crossed-polarisers, which are addressed in a number of ways including the use of diffusers, optical retarders and other optical materials and/or material finishes. However, these are not specifically germane to the present invention.
Thus, for the sake of clarity and to aid understanding of the present invention, the display (1) and associated display screens (2,3) are shown in simplified, schematic form in the drawings; elements not essential to illustrate the present invention are omitted from the drawings to aid comprehension.
Although the visual colour anomalies and the viewer's perception of the tracery on the rear screen are remedied by use of a bi-refringent film with an optically diffusive matt surface etched onto one side of the film, further difficulties result from this configuration.
Due to the intrinsic diffusive nature of the bi-refringent film, a slight blurring of the image on the rear LCD screen (2) renders the appearance of moire interference patterns invisible or insignificant. However, further diffusion or blurriness is detrimental to the clarity of the image perceived'by an observer.
The blurring of the rear screen (2) is compounded by the current production techniques and practices employed by LCD manufacturers.
Currently, the predominant majority of LCD screen manufacturers produce screens that have a matt surface on one or both sides intended to reduce glare.
However, this matt surface applied to the front and/or rear surface increases the diffusion of the light being emitted by'the rear screen (3) when used with the applicant's display technology 1o blurring and thus degrading the resultant display (1) image. The present invention addresses this problem by altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface.
The applicant investigated a number of ways to achieve this effect. The applicant initially tried to even the surface of the screen through polishing, though unfortunately, this was found to be impractical due to the hardness of the materials from which the screens (2,3) are made.
Figure 1 shows a first embodiment in which the front layer (6) of the front screen (2) is formed with a matt surface (7), depicted with exaggerated proportions to aid understanding of the invention. In the embodiment shown, the front layer (6) of the 2o front screen (2) is a comprised of a polariser (8), encapsulated within a protective laminate (9).
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of altering the matt surface (7) of the front screen (2), to an optically smooth surface by applying an at least partially transparent coating (10) to the matt surface (7).
The applicant then looked at the application of various flowable substances to the screen. While all oil based substances tested (for example silicon grease) provided the optical requirements, they are impractical in that they can be readily rubbed off from the screen.
As the matt surface (7) consists of optical irregularities, distortions, protrusions, or discontinuities, the coating (10) is applied in a flowable form to cover these irregularities to a depth sufficient to form a substantially optically flat outer surface (11).
Therefore, the coating is applied as a flowable substance and subsequently hardened 1 o to form an optically flat outer surface.
The coating (10) may be applied by a variety of methods including painting, spraying, sputtering, vapour deposition, slurry coating, chemical deposition, screen printing or roll coating.
The applicant determined that the coating required would preferably have the 15 following qualities.
~ To be capable of covering all the surface irregularities of the matt surface (7) without forming any voids or optical distortions.
~ To posses substantially the same refractive index as the material having the matt surface.
20 ~ Be readily applied, and thereupon hardening to a resilient finish.
~ To provide an optically homogenous finish.
~ To be durable and resistant to temperature variations and stress.
r The applicant has discovered that one material that meets all of these requirements is a lacquer or two-pot epoxy resin. While many epoxy resins are suitable, one example is that sold under the brand name of DuPont Centuri 6905 2PAC High Build Clear.
While this material works particularly well, it should be appreciated that other materials which have the required properties may also be used.
s Figure 2. shows a further embodiment in which the coating (10) is replaced, -both physically and operationally by an optically smooth transparent film (11) and a transparent adhesive ( 12) interposed between the film and the matt surface.
The adhesive (12) may be applied to a lower surface of the film (11) prior to being applied (in conjunction with the film 11) to the matt surface (7), though alternatively, 1o the adhesive (12) may be applied to the matt surface (7) independently from the film (11).
This second embodiment is still required to fulfil the above-listed criteria given for the first embodiment. Consequently, the adhesive (12) and film (11) are formed from materials having substantially the same refractive index as the material (9) having the 15 matt surface (7).
Preferably, the adhesive is capable of flowing over, around and/or inside any optical irregularities, distortions, protrusions, or discontinuities of said matt surface to a sufficient thickness to form a substantially optically flat outer surface.
In a yet further embodiment (shown in figure 3.) the step of altering the matt surface 2o to provide the front screen (2) with an optically smooth surface includes removing the existing material having the matt surface and replacing same with a material having an optically smooth surface. The matt surface (7) of a polariser (8) and protective laminate (9) of existing LCD screen (as shown in figures 1 and 2) of the type predominantly produced by large volume LCD screen manufacturers is replaced by an 25 LCD screen (2) having an optically smooth (i.e., non-matt) outer surface.
In the embodiment shown in figure 3, the optically smooth outer surface is formed by the surface of the protective coating (9) of a polariser (8). Such operations may only be performed by relatively specialised and commensurately expensive companies.
Therefore, unless further operations (unrelated to the present invention) are required to be performed on the LCD screen, this technique is less desirable than the first or second embodiments described above.
It should be seen that the present invention provides an improved display technology and encompasses a method of converting existing screens, the converted screen itself, and other technology which incorporates the converted screen.
1 o Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The present invention also has a number of other advantages including the creation of images with improved clarity with a wide angle of view, but without requiring the production of expensive customised screens.
This invention allows all the necessary diffusion of the image on the rear screen to be achieved immediately in front of the rear screen, thus giving the greatest angle of view for the given amount of diffusion, due to the diffuse or scattering element being as far away from the viewer as possible.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
1 o Further aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic cross sectional view through a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows a schematic cross sectional view through a second preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 3 shows a schematic cross sectional view through a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
2o The figures 1-3 illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention implemented with a dual screen display (1) composed of a plurality of transparent imaging screens in the form of a front LCD screen (2), parallel to, but spaced apart from a rear display screen (3) provided with a backlight (4).
It should be apparent to one skilled in the art that a number of alternative display technologies may be utilised in place of the LCD screens. Furthermore, although figure 1 shows a single screen (2) in front of the rear display (3) for the sake of clarity and convenience, any number of additional (at least partially transparent) imaging screens (2) may be incorporated. Although the rear screen (3) may also be an LCD
screen, it will be apparent that alternative, non-transparent display technology may be employed.
Such displays provide a three dimensional quality the scene viewed by an observer, as described in the applicants co-pending patents PCT No. PCT/NZ98/00098 and io PCT/NZ99/00021, incorporated by reference herein.
As previously discussed, a number of practical considerations need to be overcome to produce a functional display of this type including the reduction or elimination of moire interference effects, coloured fringes, arid crossed-polarisers, which are addressed in a number of ways including the use of diffusers, optical retarders and other optical materials and/or material finishes. However, these are not specifically germane to the present invention.
Thus, for the sake of clarity and to aid understanding of the present invention, the display (1) and associated display screens (2,3) are shown in simplified, schematic form in the drawings; elements not essential to illustrate the present invention are omitted from the drawings to aid comprehension.
Although the visual colour anomalies and the viewer's perception of the tracery on the rear screen are remedied by use of a bi-refringent film with an optically diffusive matt surface etched onto one side of the film, further difficulties result from this configuration.
Due to the intrinsic diffusive nature of the bi-refringent film, a slight blurring of the image on the rear LCD screen (2) renders the appearance of moire interference patterns invisible or insignificant. However, further diffusion or blurriness is detrimental to the clarity of the image perceived'by an observer.
The blurring of the rear screen (2) is compounded by the current production techniques and practices employed by LCD manufacturers.
Currently, the predominant majority of LCD screen manufacturers produce screens that have a matt surface on one or both sides intended to reduce glare.
However, this matt surface applied to the front and/or rear surface increases the diffusion of the light being emitted by'the rear screen (3) when used with the applicant's display technology 1o blurring and thus degrading the resultant display (1) image. The present invention addresses this problem by altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface.
The applicant investigated a number of ways to achieve this effect. The applicant initially tried to even the surface of the screen through polishing, though unfortunately, this was found to be impractical due to the hardness of the materials from which the screens (2,3) are made.
Figure 1 shows a first embodiment in which the front layer (6) of the front screen (2) is formed with a matt surface (7), depicted with exaggerated proportions to aid understanding of the invention. In the embodiment shown, the front layer (6) of the 2o front screen (2) is a comprised of a polariser (8), encapsulated within a protective laminate (9).
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of altering the matt surface (7) of the front screen (2), to an optically smooth surface by applying an at least partially transparent coating (10) to the matt surface (7).
The applicant then looked at the application of various flowable substances to the screen. While all oil based substances tested (for example silicon grease) provided the optical requirements, they are impractical in that they can be readily rubbed off from the screen.
As the matt surface (7) consists of optical irregularities, distortions, protrusions, or discontinuities, the coating (10) is applied in a flowable form to cover these irregularities to a depth sufficient to form a substantially optically flat outer surface (11).
Therefore, the coating is applied as a flowable substance and subsequently hardened 1 o to form an optically flat outer surface.
The coating (10) may be applied by a variety of methods including painting, spraying, sputtering, vapour deposition, slurry coating, chemical deposition, screen printing or roll coating.
The applicant determined that the coating required would preferably have the 15 following qualities.
~ To be capable of covering all the surface irregularities of the matt surface (7) without forming any voids or optical distortions.
~ To posses substantially the same refractive index as the material having the matt surface.
20 ~ Be readily applied, and thereupon hardening to a resilient finish.
~ To provide an optically homogenous finish.
~ To be durable and resistant to temperature variations and stress.
r The applicant has discovered that one material that meets all of these requirements is a lacquer or two-pot epoxy resin. While many epoxy resins are suitable, one example is that sold under the brand name of DuPont Centuri 6905 2PAC High Build Clear.
While this material works particularly well, it should be appreciated that other materials which have the required properties may also be used.
s Figure 2. shows a further embodiment in which the coating (10) is replaced, -both physically and operationally by an optically smooth transparent film (11) and a transparent adhesive ( 12) interposed between the film and the matt surface.
The adhesive (12) may be applied to a lower surface of the film (11) prior to being applied (in conjunction with the film 11) to the matt surface (7), though alternatively, 1o the adhesive (12) may be applied to the matt surface (7) independently from the film (11).
This second embodiment is still required to fulfil the above-listed criteria given for the first embodiment. Consequently, the adhesive (12) and film (11) are formed from materials having substantially the same refractive index as the material (9) having the 15 matt surface (7).
Preferably, the adhesive is capable of flowing over, around and/or inside any optical irregularities, distortions, protrusions, or discontinuities of said matt surface to a sufficient thickness to form a substantially optically flat outer surface.
In a yet further embodiment (shown in figure 3.) the step of altering the matt surface 2o to provide the front screen (2) with an optically smooth surface includes removing the existing material having the matt surface and replacing same with a material having an optically smooth surface. The matt surface (7) of a polariser (8) and protective laminate (9) of existing LCD screen (as shown in figures 1 and 2) of the type predominantly produced by large volume LCD screen manufacturers is replaced by an 25 LCD screen (2) having an optically smooth (i.e., non-matt) outer surface.
In the embodiment shown in figure 3, the optically smooth outer surface is formed by the surface of the protective coating (9) of a polariser (8). Such operations may only be performed by relatively specialised and commensurately expensive companies.
Therefore, unless further operations (unrelated to the present invention) are required to be performed on the LCD screen, this technique is less desirable than the first or second embodiments described above.
It should be seen that the present invention provides an improved display technology and encompasses a method of converting existing screens, the converted screen itself, and other technology which incorporates the converted screen.
1 o Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. A method of converting a matt surface of a front screen of a multi focal-plane display configured with two or more optically overlapping screens, characterised by the step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with a non-diffuse optically smooth surface.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one said screen is am LGD
screen.
screen.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matt surface is formed on a polariser film.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the polarising film is formed from a protective transparent layer encapsulating a polarising layer.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with a non-diffuse optically smooth surface includes applying an at least partially transparent coating to the matt surface.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the coating is applied as a flowable substance and subsequently hardened to form a non-diffuse optically flat outer surface.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the coating is of a material with substantially the same refractive index as the material having the matt surface.
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the coating flows over, around and/or inside any optical irregularities, distortions, protrusions, or discontinuities of said matt surface to a sufficient thickness to form a substantially optically flat non-diffuse outer surface.
9. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the coating is applied by a technique selected from the group including painting, spraying, sputtering, vapour deposition, slurry coating, chemical deposition, screen printing or roll coating.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface includes attaching a non-diffuse optically smooth transparent film to the matt surface by a transparent adhesive interposed between the film and the matt surface.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the adhesive is initially applied to a lower surface of the film.
12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the adhesive may be applied to the matt surface independently from the film.
13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the said adhesive and film are of materials having substantially the same refractive index as the material having the matt surface.
14. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the adhesive is capable of flowing over, around and/or inside any optical irregularities, distortions, protusions, or discontinuities of said matt surface to a sufficient thickness to form a substantially optically flat non-diffuse outer surface.
15. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of altering the matt surface to provide the front screen with an optically smooth surface includes removing the existing the material having the matt surface and replacing same with a material having a non-diffuse optically smooth surface.
16. A display produced by the method as claimed in any one of the above claims.
17. A method substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to, and as shown in any one of the drawings.
18. A display substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to, and as shown in any one of the drawings
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ50825800A NZ508258A (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2000-11-17 | Method for creating an optically smooth surface on a display |
| NZ508258 | 2000-11-17 | ||
| NZ50882600 | 2000-12-12 | ||
| NZ508826 | 2000-12-12 | ||
| PCT/NZ2001/000258 WO2002041046A1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2001-11-16 | Altering surface of display screen from matt to optically smooth |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2467674A1 true CA2467674A1 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
Family
ID=26652230
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002467674A Abandoned CA2467674A1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2001-11-16 | Altering surface of display screen from matt to optically smooth |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7352424B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1364232A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004514165A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100813321B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1201168C (en) |
| AU (2) | AU2002224242B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2467674A1 (en) |
| MY (1) | MY158492A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002041046A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (70)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1364232A4 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2006-04-26 | Pure Depth Ltd | Altering surface of display screen from matt to optically smooth |
| NZ511255A (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2003-12-19 | Deep Video Imaging Ltd | Multi-focal plane display having an optical retarder and a diffuser interposed between its screens |
| NZ514500A (en) | 2001-10-11 | 2004-06-25 | Deep Video Imaging Ltd | A multiplane visual display unit with a transparent emissive layer disposed between two display planes |
| WO2003079094A2 (en) * | 2002-03-17 | 2003-09-25 | Deep Video Imaging Limited | Optimising point spread function of spatial filter |
| JP2005533275A (en) | 2002-07-15 | 2005-11-04 | ピュアー デプス リミテッド | Improved multi-layer video screen |
| US20070004513A1 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2007-01-04 | Igt | Gaming machine with layered displays |
| US7841944B2 (en) | 2002-08-06 | 2010-11-30 | Igt | Gaming device having a three dimensional display device |
| US20090124383A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Igt | Apparatus for use with interactive table games and methods of use |
| US8715058B2 (en) | 2002-08-06 | 2014-05-06 | Igt | Reel and video combination machine |
| US20050153775A1 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2005-07-14 | Griswold Chauncey W. | Multiple-state display for a gaming apparatus |
| NZ521505A (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2005-05-27 | Deep Video Imaging Ltd | Multi-view display |
| US7857700B2 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2010-12-28 | Igt | Three-dimensional autostereoscopic image display for a gaming apparatus |
| US9564004B2 (en) | 2003-10-20 | 2017-02-07 | Igt | Closed-loop system for providing additional event participation to electronic video game customers |
| US20070155469A1 (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2007-07-05 | Sam Johnson | Automatic funding of paragames on electronic gaming platform |
| US7309284B2 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2007-12-18 | Igt | Method for using a light valve to reduce the visibility of an object within a gaming apparatus |
| US7488252B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2009-02-10 | Igt | Single source visual image display distribution on a gaming machine |
| US9613491B2 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2017-04-04 | Igt | Video gaming device having a system and method for completing wagers and purchases during the cash out process |
| US8308559B2 (en) | 2007-05-07 | 2012-11-13 | Jay Chun | Paradise box gaming system |
| US7914368B2 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2011-03-29 | Jay Chun | Methods and systems for playing baccarat jackpot with an option for insurance betting |
| US7922587B2 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2011-04-12 | Jay Chun | Betting terminal and system |
| US20060166726A1 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-07-27 | Jay Chun | Methods and systems for playing baccarat jackpot |
| US9940778B2 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2018-04-10 | Igt | System for monitoring and playing a plurality of live casino table games |
| US8920238B2 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2014-12-30 | Jay Chun | Gaming center allowing switching between games based upon historical results |
| US8210920B2 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2012-07-03 | Jay Chun | Methods and systems for playing baccarat jackpot |
| US7878910B2 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2011-02-01 | Igt | Gaming machine with scanning 3-D display system |
| US8992304B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2015-03-31 | Igt | Methods and systems for tracking an event of an externally controlled interface |
| US10026255B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2018-07-17 | Igt | Presentation of remotely-hosted and locally rendered content for gaming systems |
| US8512139B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2013-08-20 | Igt | Multi-layer display 3D server based portals |
| US8777737B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2014-07-15 | Igt | Method and apparatus for integrating remotely-hosted and locally rendered content on a gaming device |
| US8784196B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2014-07-22 | Igt | Remote content management and resource sharing on a gaming machine and method of implementing same |
| US9028329B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2015-05-12 | Igt | Integrating remotely-hosted and locally rendered content on a gaming device |
| US8968077B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2015-03-03 | Idt | Methods and systems for interfacing with a third-party application |
| US20090156303A1 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2009-06-18 | Igt | Bonusing Architectures in a Gaming Environment |
| US9311774B2 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2016-04-12 | Igt | Gaming machine with externally controlled content display |
| US8357033B2 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2013-01-22 | Igt | Realistic video reels |
| US8210922B2 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2012-07-03 | Igt | Separable game graphics on a gaming machine |
| US8142273B2 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2012-03-27 | Igt | Presentation of wheels on gaming machines having multi-layer displays |
| EP2089861A2 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2009-08-19 | Itg | Single plane spanning mode across independently driven displays |
| US8360847B2 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2013-01-29 | Igt | Multimedia emulation of physical reel hardware in processor-based gaming machines |
| US8192281B2 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2012-06-05 | Igt | Simulated reel imperfections |
| US8727855B2 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2014-05-20 | Igt | Three-dimensional paylines for gaming machines |
| US9292996B2 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2016-03-22 | Igt | Distributed side wagering methods and systems |
| EP2191657A1 (en) | 2007-08-22 | 2010-06-02 | Pure Depth Limited | Determining a position for an interstitial diffuser for a multi-component display |
| US8616953B2 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2013-12-31 | Igt | Reel symbol resizing for reel based gaming machines |
| US8115700B2 (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2012-02-14 | Igt | Auto-blanking screen for devices having multi-layer displays |
| US8012010B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2011-09-06 | Igt | Reel blur for gaming machines having simulated rotating reels |
| US8758144B2 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2014-06-24 | Igt | Separable backlighting system |
| US8210944B2 (en) | 2007-10-29 | 2012-07-03 | Igt | Gaming system having display device with changeable wheel |
| US8847984B2 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2014-09-30 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | System and method for forming a composite image in a portable computing device having a dual screen display |
| US8425316B2 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2013-04-23 | Igt | Methods and systems for improving play of a bonus game on a gaming machine and improving security within a gaming establishment |
| WO2012074802A1 (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-06-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of applying optical film to large format display panel |
| US8298081B1 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-10-30 | Igt | Gaming system, gaming device and method for providing multiple display event indicators |
| US9524609B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2016-12-20 | Igt | Gaming system, gaming device and method for utilizing mobile devices at a gaming establishment |
| US9401065B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2016-07-26 | Igt | System and method for remote rendering of content on an electronic gaming machine |
| US8605114B2 (en) | 2012-02-17 | 2013-12-10 | Igt | Gaming system having reduced appearance of parallax artifacts on display devices including multiple display screens |
| US9129469B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2015-09-08 | Igt | Player driven game download to a gaming machine |
| AU2013327323B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 | 2017-03-30 | Igt | System and method for providing remote wagering games in live table game system |
| US8821239B1 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2014-09-02 | Novel Tech International Limited | Gaming table system allowing player choices and multiple outcomes thereby for a single game |
| US8684830B1 (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2014-04-01 | Novel Tech International Limited | Individually paced table game tournaments |
| US9595159B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2017-03-14 | Igt | System and method for multi-game, multi-play of live dealer games |
| US9646694B2 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2017-05-09 | Cypress Semiconductor Corporation | 10-transistor non-volatile static random-access memory using a single non-volatile memory element and method of operation thereof |
| CN104280811B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2017-09-22 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Polaroid, liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display |
| US20160171721A1 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Marc Trachtenberg | Display Device with Transparent Coating and Method for Making the Same |
| KR101900085B1 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2018-09-18 | 주식회사 심포니이미징 | Multi layer stereoscopic image display apparatus |
| KR101900084B1 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2018-11-08 | 주식회사 심포니이미징 | Transmission type multi layer stereoscopic image display apparatus |
| US9916735B2 (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2018-03-13 | Igt | Remote gaming cash voucher printing system |
| US10055930B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2018-08-21 | Igt | Gaming system and method for placing and redeeming sports bets |
| JP2017167352A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | 株式会社 オルタステクノロジー | Display |
| CN106681049A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-05-17 | 合肥鑫晟光电科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method of display substrate, manufacturing method of display panel and display panel |
| CN109346556B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-02-21 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Preparation method of optically rough and electrically flat transparent conductive substrate |
Family Cites Families (157)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2543793A (en) | 1946-11-16 | 1951-03-06 | Alvin M Marks | Three-dimensional intercommunicating system |
| US2961486A (en) | 1951-03-05 | 1960-11-22 | Alvin M Marks | Three-dimensional display system |
| US3536921A (en) | 1967-03-31 | 1970-10-27 | Texas Instruments Inc | Passive control of focal distances |
| US3605594A (en) | 1968-08-22 | 1971-09-20 | Hendrik Jurjen Gerritsen | Three dimensional optical photography projection system |
| US3622224A (en) | 1969-08-20 | 1971-11-23 | Xerox Corp | Liquid crystal alpha-numeric electro-optic imaging device |
| US3918796A (en) | 1971-02-09 | 1975-11-11 | Hoffmann La Roche | Liquid-crystal non-linear light modulators using electric and magnetic fields |
| JPS589634B2 (en) | 1973-01-16 | 1983-02-22 | ミノルタ株式会社 | Color TV Ni Okeru Iromura Boushisouchi |
| US3891305A (en) | 1973-05-08 | 1975-06-24 | Lester Fader | Apparatus for simulating a three-dimensional image by use of plural image producing surfaces |
| DE2329014C2 (en) | 1973-06-07 | 1983-04-28 | Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Screen arrangement with at least one liquid crystal element |
| DE2329618A1 (en) | 1973-06-09 | 1975-01-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | ARRANGEMENT FOR MULTICOLORED DISPLAY, CONSISTING OF LIGHT SOURCE AND LINEAR POLARIZATION FILTER |
| US3863246A (en) | 1973-07-09 | 1975-01-28 | Collins Radio Co | Backlighted display apparatus for preventing direct viewing of light sources |
| DE2404127C3 (en) | 1974-01-29 | 1979-05-17 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Liquid crystal display |
| GB1448520A (en) | 1974-10-25 | 1976-09-08 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Stereoscopic display device |
| GB1543599A (en) | 1976-05-04 | 1979-04-04 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Liquid crystal cell |
| US4114983A (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1978-09-19 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Polymeric optical element having antireflecting surface |
| DE2730785C2 (en) | 1977-07-07 | 1986-01-30 | Bruce A. Greenwich Conn. Rosenthal | Optical system with lenticular lens |
| US4190856A (en) | 1977-11-21 | 1980-02-26 | Ricks Dennis E | Three dimensional television system |
| US4333715A (en) | 1978-09-11 | 1982-06-08 | Brooks Philip A | Moving picture apparatus |
| US4294516A (en) | 1978-09-11 | 1981-10-13 | Brooks Philip A | Moving picture apparatus |
| GB2040134A (en) | 1978-11-09 | 1980-08-20 | Marconi Co Ltd | Stereoscopic television systems |
| JPS5694386A (en) | 1979-12-27 | 1981-07-30 | Suwa Seikosha Kk | Liquiddcrystal display unit |
| JPS57191674A (en) | 1981-05-22 | 1982-11-25 | Hitachi Ltd | Liquid crystal display element |
| US4523848A (en) | 1981-10-01 | 1985-06-18 | National Research Development Corporation | Polariscope |
| US4447141A (en) | 1982-05-07 | 1984-05-08 | Arthur Eisenkraft | Vision testing system |
| US4472737A (en) | 1982-08-31 | 1984-09-18 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Stereographic tomogram observing apparatus |
| US4541692A (en) | 1983-05-31 | 1985-09-17 | General Electric Company | Transflective liquid crystal display with enhanced contrast ratio |
| US4649425A (en) | 1983-07-25 | 1987-03-10 | Pund Marvin L | Stereoscopic display |
| US4736214A (en) | 1984-01-09 | 1988-04-05 | Rogers Robert E | Apparatus and method for producing three-dimensional images from two-dimensional sources |
| US4613896A (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1986-09-23 | Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Methods and apparatus for avoiding moire in color scanners for graphic art |
| US4734295A (en) * | 1985-01-07 | 1988-03-29 | Liu P Dong Guang | Glare control |
| US5107352A (en) | 1985-03-01 | 1992-04-21 | Manchester R & D Partnership | Multiple containment mediums of operationally nematic liquid crystal responsive to a prescribed input |
| US4670744A (en) | 1985-03-14 | 1987-06-02 | Tektronix, Inc. | Light reflecting three-dimensional display system |
| US4768300A (en) | 1986-03-28 | 1988-09-06 | Stewart Warner Corporation | Illuminated information display |
| GB8716369D0 (en) | 1987-07-10 | 1987-08-19 | Travis A R L | Three-dimensional display device |
| US5046826A (en) | 1987-09-19 | 1991-09-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Illuminator and display panel employing the illuminator |
| AU610249B2 (en) | 1987-09-29 | 1991-05-16 | Microelectronics And Computer Technology Corporation | Customizable circuitry |
| US4792850A (en) | 1987-11-25 | 1988-12-20 | Sterographics Corporation | Method and system employing a push-pull liquid crystal modulator |
| US5032007A (en) | 1988-04-07 | 1991-07-16 | Honeywell, Inc. | Apparatus and method for an electronically controlled color filter for use in information display applications |
| US5086354A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1992-02-04 | Bass Robert E | Three dimensional optical viewing system |
| US5112121A (en) | 1989-03-21 | 1992-05-12 | Chang David B | Display system for multiviewer training simulators |
| US5046827C1 (en) | 1989-07-20 | 2001-08-07 | Honeywell Inc | Optical reconstruction filter for color mosaic displays |
| US5695346A (en) | 1989-12-07 | 1997-12-09 | Yoshi Sekiguchi | Process and display with moveable images |
| US5990990A (en) | 1990-08-03 | 1999-11-23 | Crabtree; Allen F. | Three-dimensional display techniques, device, systems and method of presenting data in a volumetric format |
| US5124803A (en) | 1991-02-25 | 1992-06-23 | Ecrm | Method and apparatus for generating digital, angled halftone screens using pixel candidate lists and screen angle correction to prevent moire patterns |
| GB9108226D0 (en) | 1991-04-17 | 1991-06-05 | Philips Electronic Associated | Optical touch input device |
| US5261404A (en) | 1991-07-08 | 1993-11-16 | Mick Peter R | Three-dimensional mammal anatomy imaging system and method |
| DE4300246A1 (en) | 1992-01-08 | 1993-07-15 | Terumo Corp | Depth scanner for displaying three=dimensional pictures without lenses - projects collimated light through object to be scanned and condenses light and filters to remove direct flow component |
| US5337181A (en) | 1992-08-27 | 1994-08-09 | Kelly Shawn L | Optical spatial filter |
| JP3006306B2 (en) | 1992-09-16 | 2000-02-07 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレイション | Optical film and liquid crystal display device using the optical film |
| US5367801A (en) | 1993-01-25 | 1994-11-29 | Ahn; Young | Multi-layer three-dimensional display |
| JP3679426B2 (en) | 1993-03-15 | 2005-08-03 | マサチューセッツ・インスティチュート・オブ・テクノロジー | A system that encodes image data into multiple layers, each representing a coherent region of motion, and motion parameters associated with the layers. |
| JPH06274305A (en) | 1993-03-18 | 1994-09-30 | Hitachi Ltd | Screen display device and its control method |
| GB9316961D0 (en) | 1993-08-14 | 1994-01-26 | Marconi Gec Ltd | Display arrangements |
| JP3213462B2 (en) | 1993-11-25 | 2001-10-02 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Liquid crystal display |
| US5747152A (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1998-05-05 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Transparent functional membrane containing functional ultrafine particles, transparent functional film, and process for producing the same |
| US5473344A (en) | 1994-01-06 | 1995-12-05 | Microsoft Corporation | 3-D cursor positioning device |
| US5751385A (en) | 1994-06-07 | 1998-05-12 | Honeywell, Inc. | Subtractive color LCD utilizing circular notch polarizers and including a triband or broadband filter tuned light source or dichroic sheet color polarizers |
| US6573961B2 (en) | 1994-06-27 | 2003-06-03 | Reveo, Inc. | High-brightness color liquid crystal display panel employing light recycling therein |
| KR100207135B1 (en) | 1994-10-18 | 1999-07-15 | 니시무로 타이죠 | Reflection type liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP3021902U (en) | 1995-02-21 | 1996-03-12 | 株式会社トミー | Running device |
| JP3233548B2 (en) | 1995-03-31 | 2001-11-26 | 株式会社山本製作所 | Grain and debris sorting equipment |
| US5822021A (en) | 1996-05-14 | 1998-10-13 | Colorlink, Inc. | Color shutter liquid crystal display system |
| JPH08335043A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1996-12-17 | Omron Corp | Dot matrix image display module and its manufacture |
| JP2768313B2 (en) | 1995-06-13 | 1998-06-25 | 日本電気株式会社 | Reflective liquid crystal display |
| US5764317A (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1998-06-09 | Physical Optics Corporation | 3-D volume visualization display |
| US6067137A (en) | 1995-08-25 | 2000-05-23 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Image display apparatus with hydrophobic diffraction grating for an enlarged viewing angle |
| US5706139A (en) | 1995-10-17 | 1998-01-06 | Kelly; Shawn L. | High fidelity optical system for electronic imaging |
| US5745197A (en) | 1995-10-20 | 1998-04-28 | The Aerospace Corporation | Three-dimensional real-image volumetric display system and method |
| GB9601049D0 (en) | 1996-01-18 | 1996-03-20 | Xaar Ltd | Methods of and apparatus for forming nozzles |
| GB9608175D0 (en) | 1996-04-19 | 1996-06-26 | Ncr Int Inc | Method of controlling veiwability of a display screen and a device therefor |
| US5813742A (en) | 1996-04-22 | 1998-09-29 | Hughes Electronics | Layered display system and method for volumetric presentation |
| GB9613802D0 (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1996-09-04 | Nashua Corp | Improvements in or relating to light diffusers |
| US5796509A (en) | 1996-08-21 | 1998-08-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Thin film frontlighting and backlighting for spatial light modulators |
| SE510642C2 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 1999-06-14 | Haakan Lennerstad | sign face |
| US7372447B1 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 2008-05-13 | Kopin Corporation | Microdisplay for portable communication systems |
| JP3339334B2 (en) | 1996-12-05 | 2002-10-28 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Reflective liquid crystal display |
| US5924870A (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1999-07-20 | Digillax Systems | Lenticular image and method |
| JPH10186102A (en) * | 1996-12-26 | 1998-07-14 | Yazaki Corp | Anti-reflection film |
| US5956180A (en) | 1996-12-31 | 1999-09-21 | Bass; Robert | Optical viewing system for asynchronous overlaid images |
| US6175399B1 (en) | 1997-02-10 | 2001-01-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Reflective type liquid crystal display device having a diffusion layer of phase separated liquid crystal and polymer |
| JP3826474B2 (en) * | 1997-02-19 | 2006-09-27 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | Optical film and manufacturing method thereof |
| US6147741A (en) | 1997-02-25 | 2000-11-14 | Motorola, Inc. | Digital scanner employing recorded phase information and method of fabrication |
| JP3101581B2 (en) | 1997-02-27 | 2000-10-23 | 富士ゼロックスオフィスサプライ株式会社 | Package |
| DE69709053T2 (en) | 1997-04-17 | 2002-07-18 | Asulab Sa | Liquid crystal display device for a color screen |
| JP3056133B2 (en) | 1997-06-26 | 2000-06-26 | 静岡日本電気株式会社 | Display device |
| JP3147156B2 (en) | 1997-11-18 | 2001-03-19 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Display storage medium, image writing method, and image writing device |
| US6204902B1 (en) | 1998-01-14 | 2001-03-20 | Samsung Display Devices Co., Ltd. | Flexible plate liquid crystal display device |
| US6897855B1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2005-05-24 | Sarnoff Corporation | Tiled electronic display structure |
| TW583033B (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 2004-04-11 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing film having hard coating |
| IL159669A0 (en) | 1998-02-20 | 2004-06-01 | Deep Video Imaging Ltd | A multi-layer display for displaying images |
| DE19808982A1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-09 | Siemens Ag | Active matrix liquid crystal display |
| US6287712B1 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 2001-09-11 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Color-tunable organic light emitting devices |
| US6100862A (en) | 1998-04-20 | 2000-08-08 | Dimensional Media Associates, Inc. | Multi-planar volumetric display system and method of operation |
| US6227669B1 (en) | 1998-05-26 | 2001-05-08 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Illumination device and image projection apparatus comprising the device |
| US6504587B1 (en) | 1998-06-17 | 2003-01-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Liquid crystal display device in which the inner frame having sidewall |
| JP2000019500A (en) | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-21 | Toshiba Corp | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2000075135A (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-03-14 | Nitto Denko Corp | Light diffusion polarizing plate |
| US6310650B1 (en) | 1998-09-23 | 2001-10-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method and apparatus for calibrating a tiled display |
| US6377306B1 (en) | 1998-09-23 | 2002-04-23 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing a seamless tiled display |
| JP3858477B2 (en) | 1998-10-01 | 2006-12-13 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device and electronic apparatus including the same |
| JP2000113988A (en) | 1998-10-08 | 2000-04-21 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | Organic el display device and its lighting method |
| JP3226095B2 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 2001-11-05 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Network printer |
| US6590605B1 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2003-07-08 | Dimension Technologies, Inc. | Autostereoscopic display |
| DE19920789A1 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2000-05-04 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Display unit intended for use in a motor vehicle |
| EP0999088B1 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2003-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Display device for motor vehicle |
| US6114814A (en) | 1998-12-11 | 2000-09-05 | Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for controlling a discharge lamp in a backlighted display |
| WO2000036578A1 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 2000-06-22 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Dual view lcd assembly |
| GB2347003A (en) | 1999-02-11 | 2000-08-23 | Designaware Trading Ltd | Prismatic display device |
| WO2000049453A1 (en) | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-24 | Central Research Laboratories Limited | Liquid crystal display |
| US6522468B2 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2003-02-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Light-polarizing film |
| DE19916747A1 (en) | 1999-04-13 | 2000-10-19 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Self-illuminating LCD display device |
| EP1111437B1 (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2003-10-08 | Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. | Liquid crystal display |
| US6122103A (en) | 1999-06-22 | 2000-09-19 | Moxtech | Broadband wire grid polarizer for the visible spectrum |
| DE29912074U1 (en) | 1999-07-10 | 1999-11-25 | Franz Heinz Georg | Three-dimensional color television picture transmission |
| US6489044B1 (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2002-12-03 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Process for fabricating polarized organic photonics devices, and resultant articles |
| IL132400A (en) | 1999-10-14 | 2003-11-23 | Elop Electrooptics Ind Ltd | Multi-layered three-dimensional display |
| JP2001125143A (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-11 | Sharp Corp | Reflection type liquid crystal display device |
| US7342721B2 (en) | 1999-12-08 | 2008-03-11 | Iz3D Llc | Composite dual LCD panel display suitable for three dimensional imaging |
| JP4790890B2 (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2011-10-12 | 日東電工株式会社 | Retardation film and continuous production method thereof |
| EP1287401A2 (en) | 2000-06-07 | 2003-03-05 | Three-Five Systems, Inc. | Display system with secondary viewing image capabilities |
| US6639349B1 (en) | 2000-06-16 | 2003-10-28 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Dual-mode LCD backlight |
| JP2002014772A (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-18 | Minolta Co Ltd | Touch panel, display panel, and display device |
| JP2002097269A (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2002-04-02 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Polymer, cosmetic composition for hair, cosmetic composition and foamy aerosol cosmetic composition |
| US6326738B1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2001-12-04 | Innova Electronics, Inc. | Two wire light for electronic displays |
| US6965365B2 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2005-11-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Display apparatus and driving method thereof |
| US6771327B2 (en) | 2000-09-18 | 2004-08-03 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display device with an input panel |
| JP2002099223A (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-05 | Sharp Corp | Display device |
| JP3670949B2 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2005-07-13 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Surface light source device |
| US6720961B2 (en) | 2000-11-06 | 2004-04-13 | Thomas M. Tracy | Method and apparatus for displaying an image in three dimensions |
| US6557999B1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2003-05-06 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | System and method for contrast enhancement in projection imaging system |
| EP1364232A4 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2006-04-26 | Pure Depth Ltd | Altering surface of display screen from matt to optically smooth |
| JP2002156608A (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2002-05-31 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Optical low-pass filter, optical system, and image pickup device |
| KR20020040989A (en) | 2000-11-25 | 2002-05-31 | 주식회사 현대 디스플레이 테크놀로지 | Backlight unit for irradiating to upper and lower |
| US7262752B2 (en) | 2001-01-16 | 2007-08-28 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Series led backlight control circuit |
| US6925313B2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2005-08-02 | Hyundai Curitel Inc. | Folder-type mobile communication terminal having double-sided LCD |
| US20020154102A1 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2002-10-24 | Huston James R. | System and method for a programmable color rich display controller |
| JP4034521B2 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2008-01-16 | 富士通株式会社 | Information management method, information management program, and recording medium |
| GB2372618A (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-08-28 | Eastman Kodak Co | Display device |
| US6443579B1 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2002-09-03 | Kenneth Myers | Field-of-view controlling arrangements |
| JP2002350772A (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-04 | Kenwood Corp | Display device and display control method |
| US7205355B2 (en) | 2001-06-04 | 2007-04-17 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Composition and process for the manufacture of an improved electrophoretic display |
| US6515881B2 (en) | 2001-06-04 | 2003-02-04 | O2Micro International Limited | Inverter operably controlled to reduce electromagnetic interference |
| KR100725684B1 (en) | 2001-06-22 | 2007-06-07 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Apparatus and method for controlling a back light in LCD |
| JP2003015555A (en) | 2001-06-28 | 2003-01-17 | Minolta Co Ltd | Display panel and display device provided with the panel |
| US6578985B1 (en) | 2001-07-18 | 2003-06-17 | Rainbow Displays, Inc. | Back light assembly for use with back-to-back flat-panel displays |
| US6845578B1 (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2005-01-25 | Stephen J. Lucas | Illuminated multi-image display system and method therefor |
| KR100685098B1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2007-02-22 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method for driving the lamp in a note-book computer |
| US6784856B2 (en) | 2001-12-13 | 2004-08-31 | International Business Machines Corp. | System and method for anti-moire display |
| KR100840933B1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2008-06-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus for driving lamp and liquid crystal display with the same |
| WO2003079094A2 (en) | 2002-03-17 | 2003-09-25 | Deep Video Imaging Limited | Optimising point spread function of spatial filter |
| US6873338B2 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2005-03-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Anti-moire pixel array having multiple pixel types |
| JP4034595B2 (en) | 2002-05-27 | 2008-01-16 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Rubber roll |
| US20040012708A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-22 | Matherson Kevin James | Optical prefilter system that provides variable blur |
| TWI229230B (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2005-03-11 | Sipix Imaging Inc | An improved electrophoretic display and novel process for its manufacture |
| JP4191755B2 (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2008-12-03 | 日本電産コパル株式会社 | Focal plane shutter for camera |
| US20080117231A1 (en) | 2006-11-19 | 2008-05-22 | Tom Kimpe | Display assemblies and computer programs and methods for defect compensation |
| JP3148622U (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2009-02-26 | 石山 修 | Medicine plan board |
-
2001
- 2001-11-16 EP EP01996759A patent/EP1364232A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-16 US US10/416,885 patent/US7352424B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-16 AU AU2002224242A patent/AU2002224242B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-11-16 JP JP2002542914A patent/JP2004514165A/en active Pending
- 2001-11-16 WO PCT/NZ2001/000258 patent/WO2002041046A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-11-16 CA CA002467674A patent/CA2467674A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-16 AU AU2424202A patent/AU2424202A/en active Pending
- 2001-11-16 MY MYPI20015280A patent/MY158492A/en unknown
- 2001-11-16 KR KR1020037006716A patent/KR100813321B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-16 CN CNB018205674A patent/CN1201168C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-03-11 US US12/046,265 patent/US8154691B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1364232A4 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
| MY158492A (en) | 2016-10-14 |
| EP1364232A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
| CN1481513A (en) | 2004-03-10 |
| US20040066475A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
| AU2002224242B2 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
| WO2002041046A1 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
| US7352424B2 (en) | 2008-04-01 |
| JP2004514165A (en) | 2004-05-13 |
| KR100813321B1 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
| US8154691B2 (en) | 2012-04-10 |
| CN1201168C (en) | 2005-05-11 |
| US20080152842A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
| AU2424202A (en) | 2002-05-27 |
| KR20030072546A (en) | 2003-09-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7352424B2 (en) | Altering surface of display screen from matt to optically smooth | |
| AU2002224242A1 (en) | Altering surface of display screen from matt to optically smooth | |
| NZ511255A (en) | Multi-focal plane display having an optical retarder and a diffuser interposed between its screens | |
| US5861931A (en) | Patterned polarization-rotating optical element and method of making the same, and 3D display | |
| CN100468097C (en) | Mirror with built-in display | |
| AU2554299A (en) | Improved display | |
| CN1474959A (en) | Optical system with reduced color shift | |
| US20110102688A1 (en) | Rear projection system and rear projection screen | |
| CN1312919A (en) | Rear projection screen with ehhanced contrast | |
| CA2285047A1 (en) | Rear projection screen incorporating diffuser | |
| JP3217121U (en) | Mirror display device | |
| CN1153073C (en) | Optical component | |
| CN1441265A (en) | Elliptic polaroid and liquid crystal display | |
| CN114981693A (en) | Identification medium, article, and method for using identification medium | |
| US20120081366A1 (en) | Assembly for the selective three-dimensional or two-dimensional representation of images | |
| Boev et al. | Comparative study of autostereoscopic displays for mobile devices | |
| JPH10506205A (en) | Usage of stereoscopic display system using chiral liquid crystal | |
| US8434871B2 (en) | Projection screens for three dimensional images | |
| WO1998010584A2 (en) | Display system | |
| WO2003040820A1 (en) | Depth fused display | |
| JP2003513308A (en) | High definition screen | |
| AU2002338445B2 (en) | Optical Retarder | |
| Kang et al. | The development of 42” 2D/3D switchable display | |
| TW516064B (en) | Improved display technology | |
| AU2002338445A1 (en) | Optical Retarder |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |