CA2474722C - Coated clumping litter - Google Patents
Coated clumping litter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2474722C CA2474722C CA002474722A CA2474722A CA2474722C CA 2474722 C CA2474722 C CA 2474722C CA 002474722 A CA002474722 A CA 002474722A CA 2474722 A CA2474722 A CA 2474722A CA 2474722 C CA2474722 C CA 2474722C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- animal litter
- coating
- bentonite
- clay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
Abstract
A clumping animal litter (10) is disclosed which includes clay particles (12) and a swelling agent (14) coated on the clay particles. In one embodiment, the clay particles are manufactured by agglomerating non-swelling clay fines.
Description
COATED CLUMPING LITTER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates generally to absorbent materials, and more specifically to, various litter compositions used for the control and removal of animal waste.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates generally to absorbent materials, and more specifically to, various litter compositions used for the control and removal of animal waste.
[0002] Known litter compositions are fabricated primarily from one of five materials: clay; vegetable matter such as grass, hay or alfalfa; wood chips, shavings or sawdust; paper, such as shredded, flaked or pelletized paper, and Silica Gel. Known clay litters are prone to produce dust, and tracking out by the animal.
Further, production of such clay litters results in a large quantity of dust being produced, sometimes referred to as clay fines. Clay fines present a problem to the litter manufacturers since the fines are a waste product and require disposal.
In addition such clay products are not biodegradable.
Further, production of such clay litters results in a large quantity of dust being produced, sometimes referred to as clay fines. Clay fines present a problem to the litter manufacturers since the fines are a waste product and require disposal.
In addition such clay products are not biodegradable.
[0003] Sodium bentonite clay is one known material used in the production of litters and is known for its excellent absorption and clumping qualities, as well as for odor retention. However, sodium bentonite is relatively expensive compared to other litter components. Therefore, attempts have been made to reduce the amount of sodium bentonite in clumping litters, for example, mixing pellets of non-absorbing clays with pellets of sodium bentonite clay in varying ratios.
However, in these known litters, the properties which are most desirable in the sodium bentonite have been underutilized as most of the clumping and binding qualities of sodium bentonite occur at or near the surface of the clay.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
However, in these known litters, the properties which are most desirable in the sodium bentonite have been underutilized as most of the clumping and binding qualities of sodium bentonite occur at or near the surface of the clay.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In one aspect, an animal litter is disclosed which comprises clay particles and a swelling agent coated on the clay particles.
[0005] In another aspect, an absorbent material is disclosed which comprises clay particles in a size range of about -10 to about +50 mesh and a coating for the particles which comprises a bentonite powder.
[0006] In still another aspect, a clumping animal litter is disclosed which comprises clay particles in a size range of about -10 to about +50 mesh which are agglomerated from clay fines of less than about -50 mesh size. A coating surrounds the particles.
[0007] In a further aspect, a method for manufacturing a clumping animal litter is disclosed which comprises agglomerating clay fines into particles and coating the particles with a powder.
[0008] In yet another aspect, a clumping animal litter is disclosed which comprises clay particles in a size range of about -10 to about +50 mesh in size and bentonite powder of about 200 mesh size. The powder is applied as a coating to the particles in an amount of about 20% to about 40% by weight.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of a particle of coated clumping litter.
DBTAILBD DESCRIl'TION OF THE IlJVEIV'I'ION
[0012] Referring to Figure 1, absorbent particles 10 include clay fines agglomerated into clay particles 12, which are coated with a powder 14.
In one embodiment, absorbent particles 10 are utilized in an animal litter. The animal litter includes at least one of cat, dog, hamster and livestock litter. The clay fines used in the agglomeration process are less than about -50 mesh in size and are sometimes referred to as a clay seed base or a seed material. In an exemplary embodiment, clay particles 12 range in size from about -10 mesh to about +50 mesh, based on standard U.S. mesh.
[0013] In an exemplary embodiinent, the clay fines are comprised of non-swelling clay and are agglomerated using a pin mixer. A swelling clay powder 14 is applied to particles 12 to form a coating. Powder 14 is the active ingredient of the litter. Exemplary coating powders include at least one of a sodium bentonite powder and a bentonite/guar gum blended powder. In one embodiment, the powder coatings are augmented with at least one of an odor control agent, an anti-microbial agent, an anti-sticking agent, agents for controlling pH, powders for coloring, and other coinponents. Particle 10 is spherical in shape, the shape shown is by way of example only as it is contemplated that a host of shapes and sizes of coated particles can be produced by the embodiments and processes described herein.
[0014] One specific embodiment includes recovery of waste clay fines which include at least one of Calcium-Montinorillonite, smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opal and combinations thereof. The clay fines are agglomerated in a pin mixer using water as a binder. In one embodiment, the water includes components such as functional components, examples being color, fragrance, liquid calcium, binders, and others. The agglomerated fines have a moisture content of about 20% to about 40%.
In another embodiment, the fines have a moisture content of about 28% to about 34%.
The agglomerated fines are then coated with a bentonite powder having a size range of about 300 mesh to about 60 mesh. Specifically, the bentonite powder has a size range of about 300 mesh to about 100 mesh. More specifically, the bentonite powder has a size of about 200 mesh. The agglomerated fines are coated with the bentonite powder using a centrifugal coater or a rotary coater/dryer system.
[0015] In one embodiment, the clay fines are fed into a pin mixer using a screw extruder. Moisture (water) is added to the fines to act as a binder, in one embodiment about 28%, while in the pin mixer. The water, in one embodiment, includes components such as functional components, examples being color, fragrance, liquid calcium, binders, and others. The pin mixer includes a shaft with a series of pins which breaks up any calce formed in the extntder and results in the formation of small, spherically shaped particles which are separated from the cake-like batch using shalcer screens. As previously described, in one embodiment, the clay fines are less than about -50 mesh in size and after addition of the moisture in the pin mixing process, result in particles 12 of between about -10 mesh and about +50 mesh in size.
Other methods are contemplated which include using binders of guar gum and water or starch and water.
[0016] Another embodiment utilizes a blend of clay fines and bentonite fines with water as a binder, that may or may not include functional components, to produce particles 12 through the pin mixing process. In one embodiment, the swelling clay comprises less than about 15% by weight of the agglomerated particle. Alternatively, the swelling clay comprises between about 10%
to about 15% by weight of the agglomerated particle. In a further alternative, the swelling clay comprises less than about 10% by weight of the agglomerated particle.
Still another embodiment utilizes sodium bentonite fines with water as a binder, that may or may not include functional components, to produce particles 12 of betweeii about -10 mesh and about +50 mesh in size through the pin mixing process. The agglomerated fines, including the clay and bentonite embodiment, or the bentonite embodiment, are then coated with a bentonite powder of about 200 mesh using a centrifugal coater or a rotary coater/dryer system for improved clunlping capability.
[0017] Methods for coating an outer surface of clay particles 12 with powder 14 include utilization of at least one of a fluidized bed dryer, a semi-continuous centrifugal coater or a rotary coating and drying system. In the rotary system, clay particles 12 and powder 14 are tumbled in a dnum to mix for about seconds. The litter is removed from the coater and transferred to a dryer. The dryer heats the product to about 200 to about 800 Fahrenheit and the litter is dried until about an 8% moisttire content is obtained. More specifically, the litter is heated to about 300 to about 400 Fahrenheit.
[0018] The resulting coated litter is typically in the -8 to +50 mesh size range, with a moisture content from about 15% to about 5%, preferably with a moisture content of about 8%. In one embodiment, the bentonite coating is about 20% to about 40% by weight of a coated particle. Alternatively, the bentonite coating is about 25% to about 35% by weight of a coated particle. In a further alternative, the bentonite coating is about 30% by weight of a coated particle.
[0019] In an altemative method for producing the litter, the agglomerated fines are placed in a fluidized bed and a bentonite coating is applied as a spray in a low concentration solution.
[0020] Tables I to 3 are an analysis of several samples of coated clumping litter which includes 70% by weight particles produced from fines as described above and 30% by weight 200 mesh bentonite coating. Table 1 illustrates clumping weight and clumping strength for several representative samples and is charted based upon wetting, for example, 15 minutes after wetting with a saline solution, and for 15 minutes, one hour, and 24 hours after being wetted with a standard urine sample. Tables 2 and 3 show a screen analysis, a bulk density, and a moisture content for each sample analyzed in Table 1. The screen analysis indicates a weight and a percentage for each sample that passed through standard mesh screens, for example, 8, 12, 14, 20, 40, and 50 mesh screens.
[0021] The litter resulting from the compositions and methods described above has superior clumping properties as the active clumping agent is kept on the surface of the particles, where the clumping bonds are formed. In addition, the litter has a dust content which is lower than known clumping litters, resulting in less traclcing, as the coating processes described above result in a$hell being formed around the agglomerated particles. Further, the litter is easier to remove from litter boxes than known clumping litters as the litter described herein is less likely to attach to litter boxes.
[0022] In the above described embodiments, coating with bentonite provides a litter which includes the clumping and absorption qualities of a litter composed solely of sodium bentonite. However, due to the coating process, the amount by weight of sodium bentonite is reduced over known clumping litters, resulting in more efficient use of the sodium bentonite while providing a production cost savings over those litters with higher percentage amounts of sodium bentonite. In addition, the coated litter provides a lighter weight product than products using a larger amount of bentonite and has a unique, homogeneous appearance that appeals to consumers. Further, the agglomeration process results in utilization of clay product fines, which heretofore have been considered waste products, and since clay is not biodegradable, clay fines have traditionally required space for disposal.
Table 1 15 min saline 15 min urlne 1 hr urine 24 hr urine Sample Cl. M. Cl. Sh: Cl. M. Cl. Str. Cl. W. Cl. Str. Cl. Wt Cl. Sb:
A
Control- 27.66 0.94 26.82 0.91 26.15 1.10 20.74 1.51 Bim 75/25 27.72 0.93 26.85 0.92 26.29 1.04 20.79 1.66 scoop blend 27.53 0.96 26.97 0.95 26.37 1.04 20.11 1.97 avg. 27.64 0.94 26.88 26.27 1.06 20.55 KIM
B 32.95 1.17 32.04 0.93 32.27 1.23 28.52 7.13 CMS prototype 32.97 1.26 31.54 1.16 31.23 0.95 27.38 7.80 #2 32.92 1.10 32.18 1.11 32.00 1.21 27.22 6.02 avg. 32.95 1.18 31.92 . 3. 83 1. 3 27.71 C 32.61 1.12 33.17 1.31 31.44 1.44 27.59 6.80 CMS prototype 32.74 1.42 33.65 1.29 28.99 1.09 27.08 5.81 #3 32.43 1.16 33.94 1.35 32.10 1.26 26.94 3.74 8vg= 32.59 1.23 33.59 30.84 1.6 27.20 D 32.20 1.38 32.43 1.06 30.78 1.09 26.78 3.29 CMS prototype 31.86 1.25 33.16 1.59 31.84 1.66 26.98 3.03 #4 31.53 1.37 3207 1.68 3242 1.22 27.50 4.88 avg. 3.86 1.33 32.55 31.68 1.32 27.08 E 33.36 1.14 35.09 1.41 35.24 1.25 31.23 5.59 CMS prototype 34.37 1.23 34.61 1.26 35.43 1.69 29.45 3.66 #7 34.33 1.25 34.69 1.52 34.38 0.97 27.94 3.46 avg. 34.0 1.21 .80 35.02 1.30 29.54 F 34.62 1.52 34.76 1.25 32.97 0.97 29.78 4.93 CMS prototype 34.17 1.23 35.34 1.45 34.17 1.02 29.64 4.48 #8 34.47 1.21 35.41 0.94 33.79 1.58 27.76 3.69 av . 3.4 1.32 35.17 33.64 29.06 Note: Standardized male urine (sp. Gr. 1.050) was used for all urine clump strength testing.
2% Saline soludon was used for all saline clump tesdng.
CMS Prototype Samples B through F are 70. 0% Seed Base produced from by-producf dust, and 30.0% 200 mesh Bentonite coadng powder.
Table 2 A B C
Screen Analysis Screen Analysis Screen Analysis mesh grams % mesh grams % mesh grams %
8 0 0 8 76.5 .20.1 8 52.1 13.1 12 0.8 0.2 12 195.4 51.3 12 197.7 49.8 14 3.8 0.9 14 83.2 21.9 14 105.6 26.6 20 141 35.1 20 18.2 4.8 20 16.6 4.2 40 214.6 53.5 40 0.7 0.2 40 0.4 0.1 50 33.4 8.3 50 0 0 50 0 0 pan 7.8 1.9 pan 6.6 1.7 pan 24.9 6.3 Fin.Wt. 401.4 Fin.Wt. 380.6 Fin.Wf. 397.3 D E F
Screen Analysis Screen Analysis Screen Analysis mesh grams % mesh grams % mesh grams %
8 66.5 16.2 8 25.2 6.6 8 48.5 12.6 12 220.9 53.7 12 174.3 45.5 12 195.3 50.8 14 83.1 20.2 14 108.3 28.3 14 87.2 22.7 20 17.8 4.3 20 53.6 14 20 36.9 9.6 40 0.4 0.1 40 5 1.3 40 3.4 0.9 50 0 0 50 1.1 0.3 50 0.1 0 pan 22.7 5.5 pan 15.8 4.1 pan 13.3 3.5 Fin.Wt. 411.4 Fin.Vft 383.3 Fin.Wt. 384.7 Table 3 Bulk Density Moistur+a Sam /e bs/cu. Ftj nr.ent B 46.6 9.75 C 47.5 6.65 D 45.9 5.65 E 49.2 7.96 F 48.9 8.62 -6a-
DBTAILBD DESCRIl'TION OF THE IlJVEIV'I'ION
[0012] Referring to Figure 1, absorbent particles 10 include clay fines agglomerated into clay particles 12, which are coated with a powder 14.
In one embodiment, absorbent particles 10 are utilized in an animal litter. The animal litter includes at least one of cat, dog, hamster and livestock litter. The clay fines used in the agglomeration process are less than about -50 mesh in size and are sometimes referred to as a clay seed base or a seed material. In an exemplary embodiment, clay particles 12 range in size from about -10 mesh to about +50 mesh, based on standard U.S. mesh.
[0013] In an exemplary embodiinent, the clay fines are comprised of non-swelling clay and are agglomerated using a pin mixer. A swelling clay powder 14 is applied to particles 12 to form a coating. Powder 14 is the active ingredient of the litter. Exemplary coating powders include at least one of a sodium bentonite powder and a bentonite/guar gum blended powder. In one embodiment, the powder coatings are augmented with at least one of an odor control agent, an anti-microbial agent, an anti-sticking agent, agents for controlling pH, powders for coloring, and other coinponents. Particle 10 is spherical in shape, the shape shown is by way of example only as it is contemplated that a host of shapes and sizes of coated particles can be produced by the embodiments and processes described herein.
[0014] One specific embodiment includes recovery of waste clay fines which include at least one of Calcium-Montinorillonite, smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opal and combinations thereof. The clay fines are agglomerated in a pin mixer using water as a binder. In one embodiment, the water includes components such as functional components, examples being color, fragrance, liquid calcium, binders, and others. The agglomerated fines have a moisture content of about 20% to about 40%.
In another embodiment, the fines have a moisture content of about 28% to about 34%.
The agglomerated fines are then coated with a bentonite powder having a size range of about 300 mesh to about 60 mesh. Specifically, the bentonite powder has a size range of about 300 mesh to about 100 mesh. More specifically, the bentonite powder has a size of about 200 mesh. The agglomerated fines are coated with the bentonite powder using a centrifugal coater or a rotary coater/dryer system.
[0015] In one embodiment, the clay fines are fed into a pin mixer using a screw extruder. Moisture (water) is added to the fines to act as a binder, in one embodiment about 28%, while in the pin mixer. The water, in one embodiment, includes components such as functional components, examples being color, fragrance, liquid calcium, binders, and others. The pin mixer includes a shaft with a series of pins which breaks up any calce formed in the extntder and results in the formation of small, spherically shaped particles which are separated from the cake-like batch using shalcer screens. As previously described, in one embodiment, the clay fines are less than about -50 mesh in size and after addition of the moisture in the pin mixing process, result in particles 12 of between about -10 mesh and about +50 mesh in size.
Other methods are contemplated which include using binders of guar gum and water or starch and water.
[0016] Another embodiment utilizes a blend of clay fines and bentonite fines with water as a binder, that may or may not include functional components, to produce particles 12 through the pin mixing process. In one embodiment, the swelling clay comprises less than about 15% by weight of the agglomerated particle. Alternatively, the swelling clay comprises between about 10%
to about 15% by weight of the agglomerated particle. In a further alternative, the swelling clay comprises less than about 10% by weight of the agglomerated particle.
Still another embodiment utilizes sodium bentonite fines with water as a binder, that may or may not include functional components, to produce particles 12 of betweeii about -10 mesh and about +50 mesh in size through the pin mixing process. The agglomerated fines, including the clay and bentonite embodiment, or the bentonite embodiment, are then coated with a bentonite powder of about 200 mesh using a centrifugal coater or a rotary coater/dryer system for improved clunlping capability.
[0017] Methods for coating an outer surface of clay particles 12 with powder 14 include utilization of at least one of a fluidized bed dryer, a semi-continuous centrifugal coater or a rotary coating and drying system. In the rotary system, clay particles 12 and powder 14 are tumbled in a dnum to mix for about seconds. The litter is removed from the coater and transferred to a dryer. The dryer heats the product to about 200 to about 800 Fahrenheit and the litter is dried until about an 8% moisttire content is obtained. More specifically, the litter is heated to about 300 to about 400 Fahrenheit.
[0018] The resulting coated litter is typically in the -8 to +50 mesh size range, with a moisture content from about 15% to about 5%, preferably with a moisture content of about 8%. In one embodiment, the bentonite coating is about 20% to about 40% by weight of a coated particle. Alternatively, the bentonite coating is about 25% to about 35% by weight of a coated particle. In a further alternative, the bentonite coating is about 30% by weight of a coated particle.
[0019] In an altemative method for producing the litter, the agglomerated fines are placed in a fluidized bed and a bentonite coating is applied as a spray in a low concentration solution.
[0020] Tables I to 3 are an analysis of several samples of coated clumping litter which includes 70% by weight particles produced from fines as described above and 30% by weight 200 mesh bentonite coating. Table 1 illustrates clumping weight and clumping strength for several representative samples and is charted based upon wetting, for example, 15 minutes after wetting with a saline solution, and for 15 minutes, one hour, and 24 hours after being wetted with a standard urine sample. Tables 2 and 3 show a screen analysis, a bulk density, and a moisture content for each sample analyzed in Table 1. The screen analysis indicates a weight and a percentage for each sample that passed through standard mesh screens, for example, 8, 12, 14, 20, 40, and 50 mesh screens.
[0021] The litter resulting from the compositions and methods described above has superior clumping properties as the active clumping agent is kept on the surface of the particles, where the clumping bonds are formed. In addition, the litter has a dust content which is lower than known clumping litters, resulting in less traclcing, as the coating processes described above result in a$hell being formed around the agglomerated particles. Further, the litter is easier to remove from litter boxes than known clumping litters as the litter described herein is less likely to attach to litter boxes.
[0022] In the above described embodiments, coating with bentonite provides a litter which includes the clumping and absorption qualities of a litter composed solely of sodium bentonite. However, due to the coating process, the amount by weight of sodium bentonite is reduced over known clumping litters, resulting in more efficient use of the sodium bentonite while providing a production cost savings over those litters with higher percentage amounts of sodium bentonite. In addition, the coated litter provides a lighter weight product than products using a larger amount of bentonite and has a unique, homogeneous appearance that appeals to consumers. Further, the agglomeration process results in utilization of clay product fines, which heretofore have been considered waste products, and since clay is not biodegradable, clay fines have traditionally required space for disposal.
Table 1 15 min saline 15 min urlne 1 hr urine 24 hr urine Sample Cl. M. Cl. Sh: Cl. M. Cl. Str. Cl. W. Cl. Str. Cl. Wt Cl. Sb:
A
Control- 27.66 0.94 26.82 0.91 26.15 1.10 20.74 1.51 Bim 75/25 27.72 0.93 26.85 0.92 26.29 1.04 20.79 1.66 scoop blend 27.53 0.96 26.97 0.95 26.37 1.04 20.11 1.97 avg. 27.64 0.94 26.88 26.27 1.06 20.55 KIM
B 32.95 1.17 32.04 0.93 32.27 1.23 28.52 7.13 CMS prototype 32.97 1.26 31.54 1.16 31.23 0.95 27.38 7.80 #2 32.92 1.10 32.18 1.11 32.00 1.21 27.22 6.02 avg. 32.95 1.18 31.92 . 3. 83 1. 3 27.71 C 32.61 1.12 33.17 1.31 31.44 1.44 27.59 6.80 CMS prototype 32.74 1.42 33.65 1.29 28.99 1.09 27.08 5.81 #3 32.43 1.16 33.94 1.35 32.10 1.26 26.94 3.74 8vg= 32.59 1.23 33.59 30.84 1.6 27.20 D 32.20 1.38 32.43 1.06 30.78 1.09 26.78 3.29 CMS prototype 31.86 1.25 33.16 1.59 31.84 1.66 26.98 3.03 #4 31.53 1.37 3207 1.68 3242 1.22 27.50 4.88 avg. 3.86 1.33 32.55 31.68 1.32 27.08 E 33.36 1.14 35.09 1.41 35.24 1.25 31.23 5.59 CMS prototype 34.37 1.23 34.61 1.26 35.43 1.69 29.45 3.66 #7 34.33 1.25 34.69 1.52 34.38 0.97 27.94 3.46 avg. 34.0 1.21 .80 35.02 1.30 29.54 F 34.62 1.52 34.76 1.25 32.97 0.97 29.78 4.93 CMS prototype 34.17 1.23 35.34 1.45 34.17 1.02 29.64 4.48 #8 34.47 1.21 35.41 0.94 33.79 1.58 27.76 3.69 av . 3.4 1.32 35.17 33.64 29.06 Note: Standardized male urine (sp. Gr. 1.050) was used for all urine clump strength testing.
2% Saline soludon was used for all saline clump tesdng.
CMS Prototype Samples B through F are 70. 0% Seed Base produced from by-producf dust, and 30.0% 200 mesh Bentonite coadng powder.
Table 2 A B C
Screen Analysis Screen Analysis Screen Analysis mesh grams % mesh grams % mesh grams %
8 0 0 8 76.5 .20.1 8 52.1 13.1 12 0.8 0.2 12 195.4 51.3 12 197.7 49.8 14 3.8 0.9 14 83.2 21.9 14 105.6 26.6 20 141 35.1 20 18.2 4.8 20 16.6 4.2 40 214.6 53.5 40 0.7 0.2 40 0.4 0.1 50 33.4 8.3 50 0 0 50 0 0 pan 7.8 1.9 pan 6.6 1.7 pan 24.9 6.3 Fin.Wt. 401.4 Fin.Wt. 380.6 Fin.Wf. 397.3 D E F
Screen Analysis Screen Analysis Screen Analysis mesh grams % mesh grams % mesh grams %
8 66.5 16.2 8 25.2 6.6 8 48.5 12.6 12 220.9 53.7 12 174.3 45.5 12 195.3 50.8 14 83.1 20.2 14 108.3 28.3 14 87.2 22.7 20 17.8 4.3 20 53.6 14 20 36.9 9.6 40 0.4 0.1 40 5 1.3 40 3.4 0.9 50 0 0 50 1.1 0.3 50 0.1 0 pan 22.7 5.5 pan 15.8 4.1 pan 13.3 3.5 Fin.Wt. 411.4 Fin.Vft 383.3 Fin.Wt. 384.7 Table 3 Bulk Density Moistur+a Sam /e bs/cu. Ftj nr.ent B 46.6 9.75 C 47.5 6.65 D 45.9 5.65 E 49.2 7.96 F 48.9 8.62 -6a-
Claims (44)
1. An animal litter comprising bentonite particles coated on non-swelling clay particles comprising agglomerated clay fines.
2. An animal litter according to claim 1, wherein said clay fines have a size of about -50 mesh.
3. An animal litter according to claim 1, wherein said bentonite particles are a powder.
4. An animal litter according to claim 1, wherein said bentonite particles have a size range of 100 mesh to 300 mesh.
5. An animal litter according to claim 4, wherein said bentonite particles have a size of about 200 mesh.
6. An animal litter according to claim 1, wherein said clay particles have a size range of -10 to +50 mesh.
7. An animal litter according to claim 1, wherein said bentonite particles are 20% to 40%
by weight of said animal litter.
by weight of said animal litter.
8. An animal litter according to claim 7, wherein said bentonite particles are 25% to 35%
by weight of said animal litter.
by weight of said animal litter.
9. An animal litter according to claim 8, wherein said bentonite particles are about 28%
by weight of said animal litter.
by weight of said animal litter.
10. A clumping animal litter comprising:
clay particles in the range of -10 to +50 mesh, said particles being agglomerated from clay fines of about -50 mesh in size; and a coating for said particles, said coating comprising bentonite.
clay particles in the range of -10 to +50 mesh, said particles being agglomerated from clay fines of about -50 mesh in size; and a coating for said particles, said coating comprising bentonite.
11. A clumping animal litter according to claim 10, wherein said coating comprises a bentonite powder.
12. A clumping animal litter according to claim 11, wherein said coating comprises bentonite particles with a size of about 200 mesh.
13. A clumping animal litter according to claim 10, wherein said coating comprises a bentonite powder and guar gum powder blend.
14. A clumping animal litter according to claim 10, wherein said coating comprises an odor control agent.
15. A clumping animal litter according to claim 10, wherein said coating comprises an anti-microbial agent.
16. A clumping animal litter according to claim 10, wherein said clay particles comprise Calcium-Montmoriulonite fines.
17. A clumping animal litter according to claim 10, wherein said clay particles have a moisture content from 20% to 40% before being coated.
18. A clumping animal litter according to claim 10, wherein said clay particles have a moisture content from 28% to 34% before being coated.
19. A clumping animal litter according to claim 10, wherein said litter has a moisture content from 5% to 15%.
20. A clumping animal litter according to claim 19, wherein said litter has a moisture content of about 8%.
21. A clumping animal litter according to claim 10, wherein said coating is from 20% to 40% by weight of said litter.
22. A clumping animal litter according to claim 21, wherein said coating is from 25% to 35% by weight of said litter.
23. A clumping animal litter according to claim 22, wherein said coating is about 30% by weight of said litter.
24. A method for manufacturing a clumping animal litter comprising:
agglomerating clay fines into particles; and coating the particles with a bentonite powder.
agglomerating clay fines into particles; and coating the particles with a bentonite powder.
25. A method according to claim 24, wherein coating the particles comprises coating the particles with a bentonite powder and guar gum powder blend.
26. A method according to claim 24, wherein coating the particles comprises coating the particles with a powder blended with a fragrance.
27. A method according to claim 24, wherein coating the particles comprises coating the particles using at least one of a fluidized bed dryer, a semi-continuous centrifugal coater, and a rotary coating and drying system.
28. A method according to claim 24 further comprising drying the coated particles.
29. A method according to claim 28, wherein drying the coated particles comprises drying the particles to a moisture content from about 5% to about 15%.
30. A method according to claim 24, wherein coating the particles comprises applying a powder in an amount of 20% to 40% by weight of a coated particle.
31. A method according to claim 30, coating the particles comprises applying a powder in an amount of 25% to 35% by weight of a coated particle.
32. A method according to claim 31, wherein coating the particles comprises applying a powder in an amount of about 28% by weight of a coated particle.
33. A clumping animal litter comprising:
clay particles in the range of -10 to +50 mesh in size comprising agglomerates of fines; and a coating on said particles in an amount of 25% to 40% by weight bentonite powder of about 200 mesh.
clay particles in the range of -10 to +50 mesh in size comprising agglomerates of fines; and a coating on said particles in an amount of 25% to 40% by weight bentonite powder of about 200 mesh.
34. A clumping animal litter according to claim 3, wherein said agglomerates comprise clay fines of about -50 mesh in size.
35. A clumping animal litter according to claim 33, wherein said bentonite powder is coated on said clay particles in an amount of from 25% to 35% by weight.
36. A clumping animal litter according to claim 33, wherein said litter has a moisture content of about 5% to about 15%.
37. A clumping animal litter according to claim 36, wherein said litter has a moisture content of about 8%.
38. A clumping animal litter according to claim 33, wherein said clay particles are agglomerated from a blend of clay fines and bentonite fines of about -50 mesh in size.
39. A clumping animal litter according to claim 33, wherein said clay particles are agglomerated from bentonite fines of about -50 mesh in size.
40. An animal litter comprising non-swelling particles comprising agglomerates of fines having a size of about -50 mesh and wherein the non-swelling particles are coated with bentonite particles.
41. An animal litter according to claim 40, wherein the fines comprise clay.
42. An animal litter composition comprising non-swelling particles comprising agglomerated clay fines coated with bentonite particles and having a bulk density of from 45.9lbs/Ft3 to 55.8lbs/Ft3.
43. An animal litter according to claim 42, wherein the bulk density is from 46.6 lbs/Ft3 to 49.2 lbs/Ft3.
44. An animal litter according to claim 43, wherein the bulk density is from 47.5 lbs/Ft3 to 48.9 lbs/Ft3.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/068,058 US6887570B2 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2002-02-05 | Coated clumping litter |
US10/068,058 | 2002-02-05 | ||
PCT/US2003/003274 WO2003065796A2 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2003-02-04 | Coated clumping litter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2474722A1 CA2474722A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
CA2474722C true CA2474722C (en) | 2009-01-20 |
Family
ID=27658955
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002474722A Expired - Lifetime CA2474722C (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2003-02-04 | Coated clumping litter |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US6887570B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1478509B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4383175B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003217314A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2474722C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003065796A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6887570B2 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2005-05-03 | Nestec Ltd. | Coated clumping litter |
US7429421B2 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2008-09-30 | Nestec, S.A. | Coated clumping litter comprising non-swelling particles |
US20030197305A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-10-23 | Mike Collins | Method of using clays to form absorbent materials |
US20040163604A1 (en) * | 2003-01-15 | 2004-08-26 | Kirk Robert C. | Animal litter system |
US20080022940A1 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2008-01-31 | Bradley Kirsch | Composite Absorbent Particles with Superabsorbent Material |
US20090217882A1 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2009-09-03 | Dennis Jenkins | Dry Bed Agglomeration Process and Product Formed Thereby |
US20050005869A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-13 | The Clorox Company | Composite absorbent particles |
US20050005870A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-13 | The Clorox Company | Composite absorbent particles |
EP1614345A1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-11 | Nestec S.A. | Coated clumping litter |
JP2006326502A (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2006-12-07 | Koichiro Katsuta | Water holding agent and dehumidifying agent and hygienic goods using the same |
US20070017453A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-01-25 | Fritter Charles F | Animal litter containing activated carbon |
US20080132632A1 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2008-06-05 | Schiraldi David A | Absorbent compositions with clay aerogels and methods for forming absorbent compositions |
US8916638B2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2014-12-23 | Case Western Reserve University | Clay aerogel-based polymer composites, materials and methods |
DE102007002973B4 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2010-02-18 | Mars Inc. | Animal litter and method for its production |
US7776110B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2010-08-17 | The Clorox Company | Agglomerated animal litter |
US20080314328A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-25 | Kristy Johnson | Litter box sifter-lifter |
JP4856590B2 (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2012-01-18 | 黒崎白土工業株式会社 | Cat sand |
US7874266B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2011-01-25 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Biodegradable waste pad or litter including nutrients for promoting microbial populations |
AU2009314545B2 (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2014-04-10 | Nestec S.A. | Animal litters |
US8608991B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2013-12-17 | Case Western Reserve University | Porous material having controlled voids and method of making the same |
EP2440321B1 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2017-11-22 | Case Western Reserve University | Low density hydrophobic material and method of making the same |
US7971720B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2011-07-05 | The Clorox Company | Vertically stacking litter bag with handle |
US8418652B1 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2013-04-16 | Mfm Industries, Inc. | Animal litter and associated methods |
US8832585B2 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2014-09-09 | Apple Inc. | Device, method, and graphical user interface for manipulating workspace views |
US20110123474A1 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2011-05-26 | Jenkins Dennis B | Non-Visible Activated Carbon in Absorbent Materials |
US20110174228A1 (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2011-07-21 | F&R Enterprises, Inc. | Hybrid animal litter composition |
US10362768B2 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2019-07-30 | Société Des Products Nestlé S.A. | Extruded animal litters |
AU2011209936B2 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2016-06-16 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Extruded animal litters having an increased absorption rate |
EP2579710A4 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2014-01-01 | Nestec Sa | Litter box assembly having a litter fragmenting device |
RU2013124035A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2014-12-10 | Нестек С.А. | COMPOSITIONS FOR CONTROL OF BAD ODOR |
WO2012174356A2 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-20 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Cat litter product |
JP6029328B2 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2016-11-24 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Animal litter |
US9549532B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2017-01-24 | Green Products Company | Organically based animal litter and manufacturing process |
US9986714B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 | 2018-06-05 | Nestec Sa | Low density coated animal litter compositions |
DE102013013078B4 (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2017-07-06 | Xella Baustoffe Gmbh | Lump-forming hygienic granules and process for its preparation and its use |
US20150181831A1 (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-02 | Nestec Sa | Hybrid composite coated animal litter compositions |
EP3364752B1 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2022-07-06 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Low density pet litters and methods of making and using such pet litters |
US10383308B2 (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2019-08-20 | The Clorox Company | Clumping animal litter and method thereof |
WO2017130123A1 (en) | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-03 | Nestec Sa | Methods of preventing or mitigating discoloration of pet litter |
JP6646157B2 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2020-02-14 | ローム アンド ハース カンパニーRohm And Haas Company | Low dusting animal litter |
JP6125699B1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2017-05-10 | 株式会社大貴 | Vomiting material and method for producing the same |
JP2020520341A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2020-07-09 | インテグリティ・バイオ−ケミカルズ,エルエルシー | Polysaccharide composition and granular material coated therewith |
JP6173634B1 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-08-02 | 株式会社大貴 | Excrement treatment material and manufacturing method thereof |
MX2020007140A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2020-08-24 | Nestle Sa | Pet litter having an activated carbon layer and methods of making the litter. |
US11918969B2 (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2024-03-05 | The Clorox Company | Low dusting, small clumping highly absorptive animal litter |
JP7308159B2 (en) | 2020-01-23 | 2023-07-13 | 株式会社大貴 | Water absorption treatment material and its manufacturing method |
Family Cites Families (68)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2531427A (en) | 1946-05-03 | 1950-11-28 | Ernst A Hauser | Modified gel-forming clay and process of producing same |
NL294566A (en) | 1962-06-26 | |||
US4036928A (en) | 1971-08-09 | 1977-07-19 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Process for pelletizing sorptive mineral fines |
US4187803A (en) | 1971-08-09 | 1980-02-12 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Process for pelletizing sorptive mineral fines |
US3789797A (en) | 1971-11-12 | 1974-02-05 | Star Kist Foods | Cat litter |
GB1582005A (en) | 1976-05-04 | 1980-12-31 | Oil Dri Corp Of America | Method for manufacturing granular material comprising calcium sulphate |
US4085704A (en) | 1976-11-30 | 1978-04-25 | Rush-Hampton Industries | Animal litter |
US4157696A (en) * | 1977-08-31 | 1979-06-12 | George Carlberg | Animal litter pellets |
US4278047A (en) | 1979-10-03 | 1981-07-14 | Luca Sebastiano F | Absorbent for animal excreta |
US4407231A (en) | 1981-09-28 | 1983-10-04 | The Clorox Company | Movement activated odor control animal litter |
DE3362488D1 (en) | 1982-02-19 | 1986-04-17 | Laporte Industries Ltd | A process for the manufacture of absorbent materials |
US4459368A (en) | 1983-01-20 | 1984-07-10 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Particulate sorbing and deodorizing mixtures containing synthetic and clay sorbents |
JPH0614669B2 (en) | 1984-11-05 | 1994-02-23 | コニカ株式会社 | Light beam irradiation device |
US4704989A (en) | 1984-12-11 | 1987-11-10 | John Rosenfeld | Cat box litter and process for producing same |
US4689297A (en) | 1985-03-05 | 1987-08-25 | Miles Laboratories, Inc. | Dust free particulate enzyme formulation |
US4622920A (en) | 1985-05-08 | 1986-11-18 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Animal litter |
US4641605A (en) | 1985-11-29 | 1987-02-10 | Kal Kan Foods, Inc. | Animal litter and method of preparation |
JPS62239932A (en) | 1986-04-10 | 1987-10-20 | 淺田製粉株式会社 | Excretion treatment material for pet |
US5317990A (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1994-06-07 | American Colloid Company | Animal dross absorbent and method |
US5386803A (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1995-02-07 | American Colloid Company | Animal dross absorbent and method |
USRE33983E (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1992-07-07 | American Colloid Company | Animal dross absorbent and method |
US5129365A (en) | 1989-10-18 | 1992-07-14 | American Colloid Company | Animal dross absorbent and method |
US5196473A (en) | 1989-02-28 | 1993-03-23 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Granules exhibiting reduced dusting |
US4976977A (en) | 1989-04-10 | 1990-12-11 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Pelleting agent having energy value |
US5176107A (en) | 1989-07-24 | 1993-01-05 | Buschur Jeffrey J | Pet litter |
US5062383A (en) | 1989-10-25 | 1991-11-05 | Nelson Thomas E | Animal litter containing an improved clay |
US5094189A (en) | 1991-03-26 | 1992-03-10 | Western Industrial Clay Products, Ltd. | Animal litter capable of agglomerating |
US5146877A (en) | 1991-04-17 | 1992-09-15 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Particulate absorbent material having controlled bulk density |
JP2630339B2 (en) * | 1991-05-10 | 1997-07-16 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | Animal waste treatment material |
US5101771A (en) | 1991-07-05 | 1992-04-07 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Animal litter with biodegradable clumping agent |
US5188064A (en) | 1991-10-07 | 1993-02-23 | Venture Innovations, Inc. | Clumping cat litter |
US5183010A (en) * | 1992-01-28 | 1993-02-02 | Golden Cat Corporation | Additive for binding liquid waste |
JPH0614669A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-01-25 | Airisu Ooyama Kk | Sand for treating excrement of pet animal |
US5193489A (en) | 1992-07-01 | 1993-03-16 | Laporte Inc | Animal litter |
US5267531A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1993-12-07 | Golden Cat Corporation (Gcc) | Odor control animal litter using bisulfite addition compound |
US5359961A (en) | 1993-02-05 | 1994-11-01 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Animal litter with galactomannan gum clumping agent and carrageenan gum extender |
US5303676A (en) | 1993-05-03 | 1994-04-19 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Animal litters containing a deodorizing additive |
US5339769A (en) | 1993-07-13 | 1994-08-23 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for making an absorbent composition |
ATE158138T1 (en) | 1993-07-20 | 1997-10-15 | Effem Gmbh | ANIMAL LETTER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
US5901661A (en) | 1993-08-18 | 1999-05-11 | Pattengill; Maurice Glenn | Method of forming a clumpable animal litter mixture |
US5529022A (en) * | 1994-01-03 | 1996-06-25 | Nelson; Thomas E. | Animal litter containing magnesium montmorillonite |
US5421291A (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1995-06-06 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Animal litter containing a water-swellable clay, carboxymethylcellulose, and siliceous coated bicarbonate particles |
US5452684A (en) | 1994-05-24 | 1995-09-26 | American Colloid Company | Method of agglomerating a smectite clay litter |
JP3461576B2 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 2003-10-27 | ユニ・チャームペットケア株式会社 | Pet excrement treatment material |
US5469809A (en) | 1994-07-15 | 1995-11-28 | Super Dry Industries, Inc. | Non dusting clumping animal litter |
GB2291774B (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1998-09-23 | Peletico Ltd | A pet litter material |
US5542374A (en) | 1994-11-01 | 1996-08-06 | Mfm Industries, Inc. | Animal litter of clay and western red cedar |
US5824226A (en) | 1994-12-21 | 1998-10-20 | Loyola University Of Chicago | Silane-modified clay |
US5826543A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1998-10-27 | Ralston Purina Company | Clumpable animal litter containing a dust reducing agent |
US5609123A (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 1997-03-11 | Allied Colloids Limited | Animal litter compositions and processes for making them |
US5647300A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1997-07-15 | First Brands Corporation | Compacted bentonite-based absorbents |
AU1673797A (en) | 1996-02-20 | 1997-09-10 | Mikuni Corporation | Method for producing granulated material |
US5762023A (en) | 1996-04-30 | 1998-06-09 | Alterlink, Inc. | Sorbent composition with polysaccharide clumping agent and boron-based cross-linking agent |
US5806462A (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1998-09-15 | Parr; Michael J. | Clumping animal litter |
JP3011899B2 (en) | 1997-03-21 | 2000-02-21 | 正章 乙黒 | Animal excrement disposal material |
US5992351A (en) | 1997-04-03 | 1999-11-30 | The Clorox Company | Clumpable animal litter with improved odor control |
US5840795A (en) | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-24 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Treated clay product, methods of making and using and products therefrom |
US5836263A (en) | 1997-08-19 | 1998-11-17 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Clumping animal litter |
US5975019A (en) | 1997-08-19 | 1999-11-02 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Clumping animal litter |
US6020282A (en) | 1997-09-08 | 2000-02-01 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Substantially inert clay product and process for manufacture |
US5960743A (en) | 1998-01-07 | 1999-10-05 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Clay litter product for ammonia control in poultry pens |
US6039004A (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2000-03-21 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Cellulosic animal litter product |
US6089189A (en) | 1998-03-09 | 2000-07-18 | Goss; G. Robert | Scoopable cellulosic animal litter |
US6019063A (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 2000-02-01 | Gimborn, Inc. | Litter product and process for its manufacture |
IL142981A0 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2002-04-21 | Procter & Gamble | Improved uncomplexed cyclodextrin compositions for odor control |
US6089190A (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2000-07-18 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Packaging compatible animal litter |
JP3413550B2 (en) | 1999-03-19 | 2003-06-03 | 株式会社ミリオン | Excrement disposal materials for pets |
US6887570B2 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2005-05-03 | Nestec Ltd. | Coated clumping litter |
-
2002
- 2002-02-05 US US10/068,058 patent/US6887570B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-02-04 JP JP2003565233A patent/JP4383175B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-04 WO PCT/US2003/003274 patent/WO2003065796A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-02-04 CA CA002474722A patent/CA2474722C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-04 AU AU2003217314A patent/AU2003217314A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-04 EP EP03713356.8A patent/EP1478509B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-04-14 US US11/106,124 patent/US7958847B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-05-03 US US13/100,087 patent/US8096267B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-01-06 US US13/345,218 patent/US8584617B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003217314A8 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
US20110203525A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
EP1478509B1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
WO2003065796A2 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
JP2005516597A (en) | 2005-06-09 |
US6887570B2 (en) | 2005-05-03 |
CA2474722A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
JP4383175B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
US20030148100A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
US20050224008A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
EP1478509A2 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
WO2003065796A3 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
AU2003217314A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
US8096267B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
US8584617B2 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
US7958847B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
EP1478509A4 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
US20120103270A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2474722C (en) | Coated clumping litter | |
US7429421B2 (en) | Coated clumping litter comprising non-swelling particles | |
US6745720B2 (en) | Clumping animal litter and method of making same | |
US6029603A (en) | Animal litter comprising gypsum and aluminum sulfate and processes of making same | |
US6220206B1 (en) | Method for producing a cat litter from grain milling byproducts | |
US7964529B2 (en) | Method of agglomeration | |
EP2040534B1 (en) | Particulate clumping animal litter material and process for the production thereof | |
US20090007852A1 (en) | Composite Absorbent Particles | |
US9549533B2 (en) | Organically based animal litter and manufacturing process | |
EP0165820A2 (en) | Absorbent material and its production | |
US9549532B2 (en) | Organically based animal litter and manufacturing process | |
US11622531B2 (en) | Litter compositions | |
CA2607750C (en) | Method of agglomeration | |
EP3180976B1 (en) | Coated clumping litter | |
US20190289812A1 (en) | Animal litter with odor controlling compounds | |
CN110944506A (en) | Colored lightweight animal litter | |
JP3910456B2 (en) | Pet excreta treating agent and method for producing the same | |
ES2902956T3 (en) | Coated clumping sand bed | |
JPH10150875A (en) | Production of excreta treating material for pet |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20230206 |