CA2479093A1 - Authentication in a secure computerized gaming system - Google Patents

Authentication in a secure computerized gaming system Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2479093A1
CA2479093A1 CA002479093A CA2479093A CA2479093A1 CA 2479093 A1 CA2479093 A1 CA 2479093A1 CA 002479093 A CA002479093 A CA 002479093A CA 2479093 A CA2479093 A CA 2479093A CA 2479093 A1 CA2479093 A1 CA 2479093A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
computerized wagering
wagering game
game apparatus
computerized
stored
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002479093A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2479093C (en
Inventor
Mark D. Jackson
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International Game Technology
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CA2479093A1 publication Critical patent/CA2479093A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2479093C publication Critical patent/CA2479093C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
    • G07F17/3202—Hardware aspects of a gaming system, e.g. components, construction, architecture thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
    • G07F17/3241—Security aspects of a gaming system, e.g. detecting cheating, device integrity, surveillance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3218—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using proof of knowledge, e.g. Fiat-Shamir, GQ, Schnorr, ornon-interactive zero-knowledge proofs

Abstract

The present invention provides an architecture (100) and method for a gaming specific platform that features secure storage and verification of game code and other data, provides the ability to securely exchange data with a computerized wagering gaming system, and does so in a manner that is straightforward and easy to manage. The invention provides the ability to identify game program code as certified or approved, such as by the Nevada Gaming Regulations Commission or other regulatory agency. The invention provides these and other functions by encrypting a random number, storing th e encrypted random number, and hashing the random number and a casino game dat a set to provide a first bit string, and storing the first bit string.

Claims (37)

1. A computerized wagering game apparatus, comprising:
a computerized game controller having a processor, memory, random number generator and nonvolatile storage and operable to control the computerized wagering game;
stored game data;
an authentication program;
wherein the authentication program can verify a zero knowledge proof sequence.
2. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 1 wherein the zero knowledge proof sequence authenticates game controls.
3. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 1 wherein the zero knowledge proof sequence authenticates stored game data.
4. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 1 wherein the zero knowledge proof sequence interrogates stored game data to authenticate the stored casino game data
5. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 1 wherein the zero knowledge proof sequence authenticates stored game data by a) providing a secret, b) providing for N iterations to be performed, c) generating N random numbers, d) from these numbers generating N random permutations of the proof of existence of secret by treating the random numbers with a mathematical function, e) running the proof of existence of secret as a function v = s2 mod N; the N random permutations, and the game data D through a one-way hash function to obtain a random sequence of 1's and 0's; f) using each bit to make a decision, and each decision leading to a distinct association, each bit of the random sequence produced with the one-way hash function , and g) store the results of this step alongside corresponding elements in the random permutations;
authenticating the data set D in the gaming device by. repeating steps d) and e) of the procedure above to verify that all the steps were completed properly and successfully performed
6. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 1 wherein the game data is stored in the nonvolatile storage and is hashed along with a set of random permutations and a resulting value is used to complete a zero knowledge proof sequence.
7. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 6 wherein the resulting value is a result of hashing the game data and the random permutations with a one-way hash function.
8. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 6 wherein hashing is performed by an in-circuit validator.
9. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 4 wherein the program directs that: i) if the stored responses to the zero knowledge proof sequence are correct, the casino game data set is confirmed, and ii) if the stored responses to the zero knowledge proof sequence are not correct, the casino game data set is identified as defective.
10. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 1 wherein the casino game data set and at least one random permutation are hashed with a key-dependent hash function.
11. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 4 wherein the casino game data set and at least one random permutation are hashed with a key-dependent hash function.
12. The computerized wagering apparatus of claim 4 wherein the game data is hashed with a random number after loading the gaming program into random access memory and a zero knowledge response is compared to stored data relating to zero knowledge proof responses in a continuously executing program thread executing on the computerized game controller.
13. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 4 wherein the computerized wagering game system is brought to a tilt state if at least one response in a zero knowledge proof sequence is not correct.
14. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 1 wherein the game data is stored in a nonvolatile memory comprising a part of the computerized wagering game apparatus.
15. The computerized wagering game system of claim 4 wherein a system handler application loads and executes cryptographic functions which are subsequently used to securely load other game data from nonvolatile storage.
16. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 4 further comprising a nonvolatile memory storing a public key corresponding to a private key used to encrypt information for a non-interactive ZKP authentication procedure.
17. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 1 wherein the computerized game controller is a general-purpose computer.
18. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a network interface connecting the computerized wagering game apparatus to a networked computer.
19. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 1 wherein in the process of playing games, verification comprises verifying that a zero knowledge proof process has been completed correctly.
20. The computerized wagering game sequence of claim 1 wherein the authentication program includes only the verification portion of a zero knowledge proof sequence and interacts over a network with a remote prover.
21. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 19 wherein the zero knowledge proof sequence authenticates the stored game data.
22 The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 20 wherein the zero knowledge proof sequence authenticates the stored game data by verifying the responses obtained over a network.
23. The computerized wagering game apparatus of claim 20 wherein the zero knowledge proof sequence identifies a remote verifier over a network.
24. A method for securing data on a computerized wagering game apparatus, comprising verification of game data during operation of a computerized gaming apparatus by a process comprising:
using a zero knowledge proof to verify game data stored in memory.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein the game data is authenticated.
26. The method of claim 24 wherein the game data comprises casino game data.
27. The method of claim 24 wherein hashing is performed on data transmitted during verification.
28. The method of claim 24 wherein hashing is performed with a key-dependent hash function.
29. The method of claim 24 wherein encryption is performed on data used in a ZKP protocol before being transmitted or stored
30. The method of claim 24 wherein hashing is performed with an in-circuit validator.
31. A machine-readable medium with instructions stored thereon, the instructions when executed operable to cause a computerized wagering game apparatus to:
generate a random number;
treat the random number with a mathematical function to provide a resulting value;
hashing the resulting value with a casino game data set to generate a first resulting product; and store the resulting value and the resulting product.
32. The machine-readable medium of claim 31 further comprising instructions to associate the random number and the resulting product.
33. The machine-readable medium of claim 31 wherein hashing is effected with a one-way hash function.
34. The machine-readable medium of claim 32 wherein hashing is effected with a one-way hash function.
35. The machine-readable medium of claim 32 wherein hashing is effected with a one-way hash function.
36. A computerized wagering game apparatus, comprising:
a computerized game controller having a processor, memory and nonvolatile storage, a random number generator, and gaming program code and stored in the nonvolatile storage, resulting values from mathematical treatment of the random numbers, and, the resulting product or the resulting value associated with corresponding random numbers and an authentication program stored in nonvolatile storage, wherein the authentication program, when executed, verifies that the gaming program code in nonvolatile storage has not changed by means generating associations of the resulting product or the resulting value associated with corresponding random numbers and verify that the associations are identical.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein the hashing is effected with a hash function that is a one-way hash function.
CA2479093A 2002-04-25 2003-04-09 Authentication in a secure computerized gaming system Expired - Lifetime CA2479093C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/134,663 US6962530B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2002-04-25 Authentication in a secure computerized gaming system
US10/134,663 2002-04-25
PCT/US2003/010969 WO2003090886A1 (en) 2002-04-25 2003-04-09 Authentication in a secure computerized gaming system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2479093A1 true CA2479093A1 (en) 2003-11-06
CA2479093C CA2479093C (en) 2011-06-14

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2479093A Expired - Lifetime CA2479093C (en) 2002-04-25 2003-04-09 Authentication in a secure computerized gaming system

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6962530B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1497006B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005523668A (en)
CA (1) CA2479093C (en)
NO (1) NO20045069L (en)
RU (1) RU2302276C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2003090886A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200409472B (en)

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