CA2480460A1 - Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having liquid droplets suspended in a vapor flowing in a pipe - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having liquid droplets suspended in a vapor flowing in a pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2480460A1
CA2480460A1 CA002480460A CA2480460A CA2480460A1 CA 2480460 A1 CA2480460 A1 CA 2480460A1 CA 002480460 A CA002480460 A CA 002480460A CA 2480460 A CA2480460 A CA 2480460A CA 2480460 A1 CA2480460 A1 CA 2480460A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
mixture
pipe
pressure
signal processor
dispersion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002480460A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2480460C (en
Inventor
Daniel L. Gysling
Douglas H. Loose
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Cidra Corporated Services LLC
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Individual
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Publication of CA2480460A1 publication Critical patent/CA2480460A1/en
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Publication of CA2480460C publication Critical patent/CA2480460C/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/666—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters by detecting noise and sounds generated by the flowing fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/668—Compensating or correcting for variations in velocity of sound
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/704—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
    • G01F1/708—Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
    • G01F1/7082—Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using acoustic detecting arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/704—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
    • G01F1/708—Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
    • G01F1/712—Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using auto-correlation or cross-correlation detection means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02836—Flow rate, liquid level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02872—Pressure

Abstract

An apparatus 10,70 and method is provided that includes a spatial array of unsteady pressure sensors 15 - 18 placed at predetermined axial locations xl -xN disposed axially along a pipe 14.for measuring at least one parameter of a saturated vapor/liquid mixture 12, such as steam, flowing in the pipe 14. The pressure sensors 15 - 18 provide acoustic pressure signals P1(t) - PN(t) to a signal processing unit 30 which determines the speed of sound amix propagating through of the saturated vapor/liquid mixture 12 in the pipe 14 using acoustic spatial array signal processing techniques. The primary parameters to be measured include vapor/liquid concentration (i.e., steam wetness or steam quality), vapor/liquid mixture volumetric flow, mass flow, enthalpy, density and liquid droplet size. Frequency based sound speed is determined utilizing a dispersion model to determine the parameters of interest.

Claims (28)

1. An apparatus for measuring at least one parameter of a mixture in a pipe having liquid droplets suspended in a gas, said apparatus comprising:
a spatial array of at least two pressure sensors, disposed at different axial locations along the pipe, and each measuring an unsteady pressure within the pipe at a corresponding axial location, each of said sensors providing a pressure signal indicative of the unsteady pressure within the pipe at said axial location of a corresponding one of said sensors; and a signal processor, responsive to said pressure signals, that is adapted to determine the speed of sound propagating through the mixture as a function of frequency to characterize dispersion properties of the mixture and compare the dispersion properties of the mixture to a dispersion model of the mixture to provide a signal indicative of at least one parameter of the mixture.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 the dispersion model of which is empirically derived.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 the dispersion model of which is numerically derived.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the numerically derived dispersion model is:

5. The apparatus of claim 1 adapted for measuring a mixture of steam.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 adapted for measuring at least one parameter of the mixture including at least one of a gas/liquid composition, the wetness or steam quality (volumetric phase fraction), the volumetric flaw rate, the size of the liquid particles, the mass flow, the enthalpy, density, the velocity of the mixture in the pipe, and the speed of sound propagating through the mixture in the pipe.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the signal processor is adapted to further characterize the dispersion properties of the mixture in response to at least one of the pressure of the mixture, temperature of the mixture, density of liquid phase and density of the gas phase.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the signal processor is adapted to compare at least one of the lower frequency range and the transitional frequency range of the dispersion model to determine the average size of the droplets in the mixture.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the signal processor is adapted to compare at least one of the lower frequency range and the transitional frequency range of the dispersion model to determine the gas/liquid ratio of the mixture.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each sensor is adapted to measure an acoustic pressure and provides a signal indicative of an acoustic noise within the pipe.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said signal processor is adapted to provide a frequency based signal for each of said pressure signals.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising at least three of said sensors.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the array of pressure sensors are spaced sufficiently such that the entire length of the array is at least a significant fraction of the measured wavelength of the acoustic waves being measured.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the signal processor is adapted to define an acoustic ridge in the k-.omega. plane and determines the slope of the at least a portion of an acoustic ridge to determine the speed of sound propagating through the mixture.
15. A method for measuring at least one parameter of a mixture in a pipe having liquid droplets suspended in a gas, said method comprising:
measuring unsteady pressures within the pipe at at least two predetermined axial measurement locations along the pipe to provide a pressure signal indicative of the unsteady pressure within the pipe at each of the at least two predetermined axial measurement locations; and calculating the at least one parameter of the mixture in the pipe using the unsteady pressure measured at the axial measurement locations by determining the speed of sound propagating through the mixture as a function of frequency to characterize dispersion properties of the mixture and comparing the dispersion properties of the mixture to a dispersion model of the mixture.
16. The method of claim 15 using a dispersion model which is empirically derived.
17. The method of claim 15 using a dispersion model which is numerically derived.
18. The method of claim 15 using a numerically derived dispersion model which is:
19. The method of claim 15 for measuring a mixture including at least one of a gas/liquid composition, the wetness or steam quality (volumetric phase fraction), the volumetric flow rate, the size of the liquid particles, the mass flow, the enthalpy, density, the velocity of the mixture in the pipe, and the speed of sound propagating through the mixture in the pipe.
20. The method of claim 15 for measuring a mixture which is steam.
21. The method of claim 15 wherein the signal processor further characterizes the dispersion properties of the mixture in response to at least one of the pressure of the mixture, temperature of the mixture, density of liquid phase and density of the gas phase.
22. The method of claim 15 wherein the signal processor compares at least one of the lower frequency range and intermediate frequency range of the dispersion model to determine the average size of the liquid droplets in the mixture.
23. The method of claim 15 wherein the signal processor compares at least one of the lower frequency range and the intermediate frequency range of the dispersion model to determine the gas/liquid ratio of the mixture.
24. The method of claim 15 wherein each sensor measures an acoustic pressure and provides a signal indicative of an acoustic noise within the pipe.
25. The method of claim 15 wherein said signal processor provides a frequency based signal for each of said pressure signals.
26. The method of claim 15 using at least three of said sensors.
27. The method of claim 15 using an array of pressure sensors which are spaced sufficiently such that the entire length of the array is at least a significant fraction of the measured wavelength of the acoustic waves being measured.
28. The method of claim 15 wherein the signal processor defines an acoustic ridge in the k-.omega. plane and determines the slope of the at least a portion of an acoustic ridge to determine the speed of sound propagating through the mixture.
CA2480460A 2002-02-26 2003-02-26 Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having liquid droplets suspended in a vapor flowing in a pipe Expired - Lifetime CA2480460C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35978502P 2002-02-26 2002-02-26
US60/359,785 2002-02-26
US37584702P 2002-04-24 2002-04-24
US60/375,847 2002-04-24
US42543602P 2002-11-12 2002-11-12
US60/425,436 2002-11-12
US42672402P 2002-11-15 2002-11-15
US60/426,724 2002-11-15
US10/349,716 US7359803B2 (en) 2002-01-23 2003-01-23 Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having solid particles suspended in a fluid flowing in a pipe
US10/349,716 2003-01-23
PCT/US2003/006178 WO2003073047A1 (en) 2002-02-26 2003-02-26 Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having liquid droplets suspended in a vapor flowing in a pipe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2480460A1 true CA2480460A1 (en) 2003-09-04
CA2480460C CA2480460C (en) 2012-10-23

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Family Applications (1)

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CA2480460A Expired - Lifetime CA2480460C (en) 2002-02-26 2003-02-26 Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having liquid droplets suspended in a vapor flowing in a pipe

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7359803B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1481223B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100529684C (en)
AU (1) AU2003217823A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2480460C (en)
WO (1) WO2003073047A1 (en)

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US11802789B2 (en) 2009-05-27 2023-10-31 Silixa Ltd. Method and apparatus for optical sensing

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US7359803B2 (en) 2008-04-15
EP1481223A1 (en) 2004-12-01
CA2480460C (en) 2012-10-23
WO2003073047A1 (en) 2003-09-04
EP1481223B1 (en) 2016-01-06
AU2003217823A1 (en) 2003-09-09
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US20030154036A1 (en) 2003-08-14
CN1650149A (en) 2005-08-03

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