CA2490592A1 - Method for increasing accuracy of measurement of mean polarizaton mode dispersion - Google Patents
Method for increasing accuracy of measurement of mean polarizaton mode dispersion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2490592A1 CA2490592A1 CA002490592A CA2490592A CA2490592A1 CA 2490592 A1 CA2490592 A1 CA 2490592A1 CA 002490592 A CA002490592 A CA 002490592A CA 2490592 A CA2490592 A CA 2490592A CA 2490592 A1 CA2490592 A1 CA 2490592A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mode dispersion
- polarization mode
- group delay
- frequency
- differential group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/33—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face
- G01M11/336—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face by measuring polarization mode dispersion [PMD]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/33—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face
- G01M11/331—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face by using interferometer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
- H04B10/2569—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to polarisation mode dispersion [PMD]
Abstract
The present invention provides a method for increasing the accuracy of measurement of mean differential group delay (DGD) from the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fiber. The method includes a systematic correction to mean-square DGD
measured with any conventional mean to minimize systematic error caused by finite source bandwidth.
The method further includes a systematic correction to the measurement of mean DGD and mean square DGD from statistics of the second-order PMD (SOPMD) obtained with frequency domain PMD-measuring apparatus. The probability density function (PDF) of either the vector or scalar SOPMD is applied, depending on which quantity is measured. The systematic correction is made to minimize the systematic error in estimating mean DGD, caused by finite source bandwidth, to achieve a two-fold reduction of the measurement variance equivalent to doubling the source bandwidth.
measured with any conventional mean to minimize systematic error caused by finite source bandwidth.
The method further includes a systematic correction to the measurement of mean DGD and mean square DGD from statistics of the second-order PMD (SOPMD) obtained with frequency domain PMD-measuring apparatus. The probability density function (PDF) of either the vector or scalar SOPMD is applied, depending on which quantity is measured. The systematic correction is made to minimize the systematic error in estimating mean DGD, caused by finite source bandwidth, to achieve a two-fold reduction of the measurement variance equivalent to doubling the source bandwidth.
Claims (33)
1. A method for measuring a true mean differential group delay (.tau.) of at least one length of optical fiber comprising the steps of:
measuring a mean square differential group delay (.tau.2)B averaged over a finite bandwidth B of the source using a polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus;
calculating a root mean square differential group delay in accordance with and applying a systematic correction factor a to to calculate (.tau.), the application of a minimizing a systematic error caused by the finite bandwidth B of the source, where .tau. is in units of second, B in units of radian/second.
measuring a mean square differential group delay (.tau.2)B averaged over a finite bandwidth B of the source using a polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus;
calculating a root mean square differential group delay in accordance with and applying a systematic correction factor a to to calculate (.tau.), the application of a minimizing a systematic error caused by the finite bandwidth B of the source, where .tau. is in units of second, B in units of radian/second.
2. The method of Claim 1, further including the step of applying the systematic correction factor a in accordance with:
where .pi. is substantially equal to 3.14159 and (.tau.) is in units of second, (.tau.)B is in units of second2.
where .pi. is substantially equal to 3.14159 and (.tau.) is in units of second, (.tau.)B is in units of second2.
3. The method of Claim 2, wherein the finite bandwidth B is much greater than the inverse of the root mean square differential group delay :
further wherein E is defined by the following equation:
where B is in units of radian/second, and .tau.and are in units of second.
further wherein E is defined by the following equation:
where B is in units of radian/second, and .tau.and are in units of second.
4. The method of Claim 1, wherein the polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus used to measure the mean square differential group delay (~2)B comprises a time-domain measurement apparatus.
5. The method of Claim 4, wherein the time-domain measurement apparatus is an interferometric device.
6. The method of Claim 1, wherein the polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus used to measure the mean square differential group delay (~2)B comprises a frequency-domain measurement apparatus.
7. The method of Claim 6, wherein the frequency-domain measurement apparatus is a polarimeter.
8. The method of Claim 7, further comprising the step of applying one of a Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis, Poincare Sphere Analysis, and Miiller Matrix Method to calculate the mean square differential group delay (~2)B
9. The method of Claim 1, wherein the at least one length of optical fiber is an optical fiber link in an optical telecommunication network.
10. The method of Claim 1, wherein the at least one length of fiber is an optical fiber route in an optical telecommunication network.
11. A method for measuring a mean differential group delay (~) of at least one length of optical fiber, comprising the steps of characterizing a polarization mode dispersion vector as a function of frequency using a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus;
calculating a second-order polarization mode dispersion vector ~~~ as a function of frequency by calculating a derivative with respect to frequency of the polarization mode dispersion vector;
calculating a mean of a square root of a magnitude of the second-order polarization mode dispersion vector ~~~ to obtain a first result, according to , wherein ~~~~~
represents the magnitude of the second-order polarization mode dispersion vector; and multiplying a proportionality coefficient A2 of the second-order polarization mode dispersion vector ~~~, by the first result to calculate the mean differential group delay (~) in accordance with the following equation:
where ~ and (~) are in units of second2, ~~~~ is in units of second, .omega.
is in units of radian/second, and A2 is dimensionless.
calculating a second-order polarization mode dispersion vector ~~~ as a function of frequency by calculating a derivative with respect to frequency of the polarization mode dispersion vector;
calculating a mean of a square root of a magnitude of the second-order polarization mode dispersion vector ~~~ to obtain a first result, according to , wherein ~~~~~
represents the magnitude of the second-order polarization mode dispersion vector; and multiplying a proportionality coefficient A2 of the second-order polarization mode dispersion vector ~~~, by the first result to calculate the mean differential group delay (~) in accordance with the following equation:
where ~ and (~) are in units of second2, ~~~~ is in units of second, .omega.
is in units of radian/second, and A2 is dimensionless.
12. The method of Claim 11, wherein A2 is substantially equal to 1.37.
13. The method of Claim 11, wherein the frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus is one of a polarimetric device and a Fixed Analyzer device.
14. The method of Claim 11, wherein the at least one length of fiber is a single fiber link.
15. The method of Claim 11, wherein the at least one length of fiber is a fiber route.
16. A method for measuring a mean differential group delay (~) of at least one length of fiber, comprising the steps of:
measuring a magnitude of a polarization mode dispersion vector ~~~~ as a function of frequency, using a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus the magnitude of the polarization mode dispersion vector ~~~~ being a scalar differential group delay;
calculating a frequency derivative of the scalar differential group delay from the magnitude of the polarization mode dispersion vector, the frequency derivative of the scalar differential group delay being a scalar second-order polarization mode dispersion function;
calculating a first result, according to , where ¦.tau.¦ is in units of second and .omega. is a frequency in units of radian/second; and multiplying a proportionality coefficient B2 by the first result to calculate the mean differential group delay, in accordance with the following equation:
where B2 is dimensionless, .tau. and are in units of second, .omega. is in units of radian/second, and is in units of second2.
measuring a magnitude of a polarization mode dispersion vector ~~~~ as a function of frequency, using a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus the magnitude of the polarization mode dispersion vector ~~~~ being a scalar differential group delay;
calculating a frequency derivative of the scalar differential group delay from the magnitude of the polarization mode dispersion vector, the frequency derivative of the scalar differential group delay being a scalar second-order polarization mode dispersion function;
calculating a first result, according to , where ¦.tau.¦ is in units of second and .omega. is a frequency in units of radian/second; and multiplying a proportionality coefficient B2 by the first result to calculate the mean differential group delay, in accordance with the following equation:
where B2 is dimensionless, .tau. and are in units of second, .omega. is in units of radian/second, and is in units of second2.
17. The method of Claim 16, wherein B2 is substantially equal to 2.64.
18. The method of Claim 16, wherein the frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus comprises one of a polarimetric device and a Fixed Analyzer device.
19. The method of Claim 16, wherein the at least one length of optical fiber is a single optical fiber link.
20. The method of Claim 16, wherein the at least one length of optical fiber is an optical fiber route.
21. A method for measuring a mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS
of at least one length of optical fiber, comprising the steps of:
measuring a polarization mode dispersion vector as a function of frequency, using a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus;
calculating a second-order polarization mode dispersion vector ~.omega. as a function of frequency by calculating a derivative of the polarization mode dispersion vector with respect to frequency .omega.;
calculating the mean of the magnitude of the second-order polarization mode dispersion vector ¦~.omega.¦ to obtain a first result, according to ; and multiplying a proportionality coefficient A1 by the first result to calculate the mean square differential group delay, in accordance with the following equation:
where A1 is dimensionless, ¦~.omega.¦ is in units of second2 and .TAU.2 RMS is in units of second2.
of at least one length of optical fiber, comprising the steps of:
measuring a polarization mode dispersion vector as a function of frequency, using a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus;
calculating a second-order polarization mode dispersion vector ~.omega. as a function of frequency by calculating a derivative of the polarization mode dispersion vector with respect to frequency .omega.;
calculating the mean of the magnitude of the second-order polarization mode dispersion vector ¦~.omega.¦ to obtain a first result, according to ; and multiplying a proportionality coefficient A1 by the first result to calculate the mean square differential group delay, in accordance with the following equation:
where A1 is dimensionless, ¦~.omega.¦ is in units of second2 and .TAU.2 RMS is in units of second2.
22. The method of Claim 21, wherein A1 is substantially equal to 2.02.
23. The method of Claim 21, wherein the frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus comprises one of a polarimetric device and a Fixed Analyzer device.
24. The method of Claim 21, wherein the at least one length of optical fiber is a single optical fiber link.
25. The method of Claim 21, wherein the at least one length of optical fiber is an optical fiber route.
26. A method for measuring a mean square differential group delay .TAU.2 RMS
of at least one length of optical fiber, comprising the steps of:
measuring a magnitude of a polarization mode dispersion vector as a function of frequency using a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus, the magnitude of the polarization mode dispersion vector being a scalar differential group delay;
calculating a frequency derivative of the scalar differential group delay from the magnitude of the polarization mode dispersion vector, the frequency derivative of the scalar differential group delay being a scalar second-order polarization mode dispersion function;
calculating a first result, according and multiplying a proportionality coefficient B1 by the first result to calculate the mean square differential group delay, in accordance with the following equation:
(25) where B1 is dimensionless, and in units of second2.
of at least one length of optical fiber, comprising the steps of:
measuring a magnitude of a polarization mode dispersion vector as a function of frequency using a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus, the magnitude of the polarization mode dispersion vector being a scalar differential group delay;
calculating a frequency derivative of the scalar differential group delay from the magnitude of the polarization mode dispersion vector, the frequency derivative of the scalar differential group delay being a scalar second-order polarization mode dispersion function;
calculating a first result, according and multiplying a proportionality coefficient B1 by the first result to calculate the mean square differential group delay, in accordance with the following equation:
(25) where B1 is dimensionless, and in units of second2.
27. The method of Claim 26, wherein B1 is substantially equal to 6.80.
28. The method of Claim 26, wherein the frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus comprises one of a polarimetric device and a Fixed Analyzer device.
29. The method of Claim 26, wherein the at least one length of optical fiber is a single optical fiber link.
30. The method of Claim 26, wherein the at least one length of optical fiber is an optical fiber route.
31. A method for measuring a mean polarization mode dispersion of at least one length of optical fiber, using a source of bandwidth B, comprising the steps of:
collecting polarization mode dispersion data as a function of frequency from a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus;
extracting one of a vector and a scalar frequency-dependent function from the polarization mode dispersion data, by applying a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion technique, the one of the vector and the scalar function being one of a first-order and a second-order polarization mode dispersion function;
applying a systematic correction to the one of the vector and the scalar frequency-dependent function, the systematic correction minimizing a systematic error caused by bandwidth B; and wherein applying the systematic correction results in a derivation of one of a mean differential group delay and a mean square differential group delay .TAU.2 RMS.
collecting polarization mode dispersion data as a function of frequency from a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus;
extracting one of a vector and a scalar frequency-dependent function from the polarization mode dispersion data, by applying a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion technique, the one of the vector and the scalar function being one of a first-order and a second-order polarization mode dispersion function;
applying a systematic correction to the one of the vector and the scalar frequency-dependent function, the systematic correction minimizing a systematic error caused by bandwidth B; and wherein applying the systematic correction results in a derivation of one of a mean differential group delay and a mean square differential group delay .TAU.2 RMS.
32. A method of measuring a mean differential group delay of a length of optical fiber comprising the steps of:
deriving a first mean in accordance with equation (21) and Claim 11;
deriving a second mean in accordance with equation (26) and Claim 16;
deriving a linear equation of the first mean and the second mean to calculate a combined mean , wherein a sum of coefficients of the linear equation is substantially equal to one.
deriving a first mean in accordance with equation (21) and Claim 11;
deriving a second mean in accordance with equation (26) and Claim 16;
deriving a linear equation of the first mean and the second mean to calculate a combined mean , wherein a sum of coefficients of the linear equation is substantially equal to one.
33. A method of measuring a mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS of a length of optical fiber comprising the steps of:
deriving a first mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS in accordance with equation (20) and Claim 21;
deriving a second mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS in accordance with equation (25) and Claim 26;
deriving a linear equation of the first mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS and the second mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS to calculate a combined mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS, wherein a sum of coefficients of the linear equation is substantially equal to one.
deriving a first mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS in accordance with equation (20) and Claim 21;
deriving a second mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS in accordance with equation (25) and Claim 26;
deriving a linear equation of the first mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS and the second mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS to calculate a combined mean square differential group delay .tau.2 RMS, wherein a sum of coefficients of the linear equation is substantially equal to one.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/747,804 US7292322B2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2003-12-29 | Method for increasing accuracy of measurement of mean polarization mode dispersion |
| US10/747,804 | 2003-12-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2490592A1 true CA2490592A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| CA2490592C CA2490592C (en) | 2010-01-12 |
Family
ID=34574752
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002490592A Expired - Fee Related CA2490592C (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-12-21 | Method for increasing accuracy of measurement of mean polarizaton mode dispersion |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (4) | US7292322B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1551118B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005195598A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2490592C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602004028563D1 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1073736A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006028418A1 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2006-03-16 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Differential geometry-based method and apparatus for measuring polarization mode dispersion vectors in optical fibers |
| US7471378B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2008-12-30 | Dbm Optical Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for determining a polarization dependent characteristics of optical and opto-electrical devices |
| US7164469B1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-16 | Corning Incorporated | Method of evaluating fiber PMD using composite POTDR trace |
| US7256876B1 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2007-08-14 | At&T Corp. | Estimating optical transmission system penalties induced by polarization mode dispersion (PMD) |
| ES2552058T3 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2015-11-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Wind power installation and method to control the output power of a wind power installation |
| US7454092B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2008-11-18 | Kailight Photonics, Inc. | Systems and methods for polarization mode dispersion mitigation |
| JP2008209188A (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-11 | Anritsu Corp | Polarization mode dispersion measuring device |
| US20090135408A1 (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-05-28 | Mikhail Brodsky | Method for reducing the uncertainty of the measured average PMD of a long fiber |
| US8590817B2 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2013-11-26 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Sealed electrical source for air-powered electrostatic atomizing and dispensing device |
| US8770496B2 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2014-07-08 | Finishing Brands Holdings Inc. | Circuit for displaying the relative voltage at the output electrode of an electrostatically aided coating material atomizer |
| US8016213B2 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2011-09-13 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Controlling temperature in air-powered electrostatically aided coating material atomizer |
| USD608858S1 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2010-01-26 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Coating material dispensing device |
| US7926748B2 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2011-04-19 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Generator for air-powered electrostatically aided coating dispensing device |
| US7988075B2 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2011-08-02 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Circuit board configuration for air-powered electrostatically aided coating material atomizer |
| US8496194B2 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2013-07-30 | Finishing Brands Holdings Inc. | Method and apparatus for retaining highly torqued fittings in molded resin or polymer housing |
| US7918409B2 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2011-04-05 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Multiple charging electrode |
| US8225968B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2012-07-24 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Seal system for gear pumps |
| US10466649B1 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2019-11-05 | Centauri, Llc | Systems and methods for simultaneous multi-channel off-axis holography |
| CN107246952A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-10-13 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method and system |
| WO2023027150A1 (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-03-02 | 株式会社フジクラ | Estimation method, measurement method, and information processing device |
| CN115441947B (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-03-24 | 济南量子技术研究院 | Optical fiber field link dispersion measurement system and method based on time difference measurement |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3131144B2 (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 2001-01-31 | 株式会社アドバンテスト | Polarization mode dispersion measurement device |
| US6020584A (en) | 1997-02-14 | 2000-02-01 | Corning Incorporated | Method of measuring the polarization mode dispersion of an optical waveguide device |
| US5930414A (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-07-27 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for automatic compensation of first-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) |
| JP3394902B2 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2003-04-07 | アンリツ株式会社 | Chromatic dispersion measuring device and polarization dispersion measuring device |
| US6011253A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2000-01-04 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Methods and apparatus for analyzing polarization mode dispersion of an optical device |
| US6380533B1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2002-04-30 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method for measurement of first-and second-order polarization mode dispersion vectors in optical fibers |
| US6342945B1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2002-01-29 | Corning Incorporated | System and method for measuring polarization mode dispersion suitable for a production environment |
| US6542650B2 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2003-04-01 | University Of Southern California | Polarization-mode dispersion emulator |
| US6381385B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-04-30 | Nortel Networks Limited | Polarization mode dispersion emulation |
| US6459830B1 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2002-10-01 | Sprint Communications Company L.P. | Method and apparatus to compensate for polarization mode dispersion |
| US6556732B1 (en) * | 2000-06-07 | 2003-04-29 | Corning Incorporated | All fiber polarization mode dispersion compensator |
| US6867918B2 (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2005-03-15 | Jay N. Damask | Methods and apparatus for generation and control of coherent polarization mode dispersion |
| US7035538B2 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2006-04-25 | University Of Southern California | Monitoring optical dispersion based on vestigial side band optical filtering |
| US6674936B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2004-01-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Polarization mode dispersion compensation using a wavelength locked loop |
| WO2003030378A2 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Real-time polarization mode dispersion characterization |
| US6734955B2 (en) * | 2002-01-28 | 2004-05-11 | Mark Stephen Wight | Dispersion measurement in optical networks |
| US7009691B2 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2006-03-07 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | System and method for removing the relative phase uncertainty in device characterizations performed with a polarimeter |
| US6704100B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-03-09 | Fitel Usa Corp. | Systems and methods for accurately measuring low values of polarization mode dispersion in an optical fiber using localized external perturbation induced low mode coupling |
| US6946646B2 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2005-09-20 | Corning Incorporated | Method of evaluating fiber PMD using polarization optical time domain reflectometry |
-
2003
- 2003-12-29 US US10/747,804 patent/US7292322B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-12-21 CA CA002490592A patent/CA2490592C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-23 DE DE602004028563T patent/DE602004028563D1/en active Active
- 2004-12-23 EP EP04106929A patent/EP1551118B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-28 JP JP2004382091A patent/JP2005195598A/en not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-08-10 HK HK05106901.0A patent/HK1073736A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-09-25 US US11/860,593 patent/US20080007719A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-02-09 US US12/702,968 patent/US7852467B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-11-01 US US12/916,820 patent/US7956993B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1551118A2 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
| CA2490592C (en) | 2010-01-12 |
| DE602004028563D1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
| US20110051126A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
| US7956993B2 (en) | 2011-06-07 |
| US7292322B2 (en) | 2007-11-06 |
| US20080007719A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
| EP1551118A3 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
| EP1551118B1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
| JP2005195598A (en) | 2005-07-21 |
| US7852467B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 |
| US20100134788A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
| HK1073736A1 (en) | 2005-10-14 |
| US20050140965A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
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