CA2502669A1 - Stabilized semiconductor nanocrystals - Google Patents
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Abstract
A semiconductor nanocrystal associated with a polydentate ligand. The polydentate ligand stabilizes the nanocyrstal.
Claims (59)
1. A semiconductor nanocrystal comprising:
a semiconductor nanocrystal; and an outer layer including a polydentate ligand bound to the nanocrystal by three or more donor groups, each donor group independently selected from the group consisting of P, N, P=O, and N=O.
a semiconductor nanocrystal; and an outer layer including a polydentate ligand bound to the nanocrystal by three or more donor groups, each donor group independently selected from the group consisting of P, N, P=O, and N=O.
2. The nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the polydentate ligand has the formula:
wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, each k is 1, 2, 3, or 4, each X independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, each k is 1, 2, 3, or 4, each X independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
3. The nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the polydentate ligand has the formula:
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each X
independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each X
independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
4. The nanocrystal of claim 3, wherein each X is P or P=O, and L includes at least one carbamate linkage.
5. The nanocrystal of claim 4, wherein each Y is unsubstituted alkyl.
6. The nanocrystal of claim 4, wherein each Y includes a carboxylic acid.
7. The nanocrystal of claim 4, wherein each Y includes an acrylate group.
8. The nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the polydentate ligand has the formula:
wherein each n independently is 1, 2 or 3, each m independently is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each X independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage, L' is a bond or a cross-linking group, and Y'-L'-Y' is derived from cross-linking of Y.
wherein each n independently is 1, 2 or 3, each m independently is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each X independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage, L' is a bond or a cross-linking group, and Y'-L'-Y' is derived from cross-linking of Y.
9. The nanocrystal of claim 1 wherein the polydentate ligand has the formula:
wherein p is 1 or 2, each m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each j is 0 or 1, each p is 0 or 1, q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, each X independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
wherein p is 1 or 2, each m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each j is 0 or 1, each p is 0 or 1, q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, each X independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
10. The nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the polydentate ligand has the formula:
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, each of Z1 and Z2, independently, is an ether, amide, ester, carbamate or carbonate linkage, each R1 and R2, independently, is an alkylene optionally interrupted by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene and optionally terminated by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, each of Z1 and Z2, independently, is an ether, amide, ester, carbamate or carbonate linkage, each R1 and R2, independently, is an alkylene optionally interrupted by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene and optionally terminated by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
11. The nanocrystal of claim 10, wherein Z1 is a carbamate linkage and Z2 is a carbamate linkage.
12. The nanocrystal of claim 10, wherein R1 is an alkylene and R2 is an alkylene.
13. The nanocrystal of claim 11, wherein R1 is an alkylene and R2 is an alkylene.
14. The nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the polydentate ligand has the formula:
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, Z is an ether, carbamate, or carbonate linkage, each R1 and each R2, independently, is an alkylene optionally interrupted by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and optionally terminated by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and each R is bonded to R1 via an ether, ester, amide, carbamate or carbonate linkage.
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, Z is an ether, carbamate, or carbonate linkage, each R1 and each R2, independently, is an alkylene optionally interrupted by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and optionally terminated by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and each R is bonded to R1 via an ether, ester, amide, carbamate or carbonate linkage.
15. The nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the polydentate ligand has the formula:
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
16. The nanocrystal of claim 15, wherein R has the formula:
17. The nanocrystal of claim 15, wherein R has the formula:
18. The nanocrystal of claim 15, wherein R has the formula:
19. The nanocrystal of claim 15, wherein R has the formula:
20. The nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the polydentate ligand has the formula:
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, L' is a bond or a cross-linking group, and R'-L'-R' is derived from cross-linking of R.
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, L' is a bond or a cross-linking group, and R'-L'-R' is derived from cross-linking of R.
21. The nanocrystal of claim 20, wherein each R includes a carboxylic acid and R'-L'-R' includes the fragment:
wherein A is alkylene or arylene.
wherein A is alkylene or arylene.
22. The nanocrystal of claim 20, wherein each R includes an acrylate group and R'-L'-R' includes the fragment:
wherein A' is H or C1-C4 alkyl.
wherein A' is H or C1-C4 alkyl.
23. The nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal includes a core of a first semiconductor material.
24. The nanocrystal of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor material is a Group II-VI compound, a Group II-V compound, a Group III-VI compound, a Group III-V compound, a Group IV-VI compound, a Group I-III-VI compound, a Group II-IV-VI
compound, or a Group II-IV-V compound.
compound, or a Group II-IV-V compound.
25. The nanocrystal of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor material is ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, GaSe, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, TlN, TlP, TIAs, TlSb, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, or mixtures thereof.
26. The nanocrystal of claim 23, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal includes a second semiconductor material overcoated on the first semiconductor material.
27. The nanocrystal of claim 26, wherein the first semiconductor material has a first band gap, and the second semiconductor material has a second band gap that is larger than the first band gap.
28. The nanocrystal of claim 26, wherein the second semiconductor material is a Group II-VI compound, a Group II-V compound, a Group III-VI compound, a Group III-V compound, a Group IV-VI compound, a Group I-III-VI compound, a Group II-IV-VI compound, or a Group II-IV-V compound.
29. The nanocrystal of claim 26, wherein the second semiconductor material is ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdO, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, MgO, MgS, MgSe, MgTe, HgO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, TlN, TlP, TlAs, TlSb, TlSb, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, or mixtures thereof.
30. A semiconductor nanocrystal, comprising a semiconductor nanocrystal and an outer layer including a polydentate ligand bound to the nanocrystal by three or more donor groups, each donor group independently selected from the group consisting of P, N, P=O, and N=O, wherein the luminescence of the nanocrystal decreases by no more than 50% after incubating for 24 hours in fetal bovine serum maintained at 37 °C.
31. A semiconductor nanocrystal comprising:
a semiconductor nanocrystal; and an outer layer including a plurality of polydentate ligands, each polydentate ligand bound to the nanocrystal by three or more donor groups, each donor group independently selected from the group consisting of P, N, P=O, and N=O, the plurality of polydentate ligands being a distribution of oligomers.
a semiconductor nanocrystal; and an outer layer including a plurality of polydentate ligands, each polydentate ligand bound to the nanocrystal by three or more donor groups, each donor group independently selected from the group consisting of P, N, P=O, and N=O, the plurality of polydentate ligands being a distribution of oligomers.
32. A method of making a stabilized nanocrystal comprising contacting a nanocrystal with a polydentate ligand having three or more donor groups, each donor group independently selected from the group consisting of P, N, P=O, and N=O, to form the stabilized nanocrystal.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the polydentate ligand is a member of a distribution of oligomers.
34. The method of claim 32, further comprising cross-linking the polydentate ligand after contacting.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the polydentate ligand includes a carboxylic acid group.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein cross-linking includes contacting the polydentate ligand with a diamine and a coupling agent.
37. The method of claim 34, wherein the polydentate ligand includes an acrylate group.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein cross-linking includes contacting the polydentate ligand with a radical initiator.
39. A polydentate ligand of formula:
wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, each k is 1, 2, 3, or 4, each X independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, each k is 1, 2, 3, or 4, each X independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
40. A polydentate ligand of formula:
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each X
independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, caxbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each X
independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, caxbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
41. A distribution of polydentate ligands of formula:
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each X
independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage, and the distribution includes at least two members with different values of m.
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each X
independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage, and the distribution includes at least two members with different values of m.
42. A polydentate ligand of formula:
wherein p is 1 or 2, each m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each j is 0 or 1, each p is 0 or 1, q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, each X independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
wherein p is 1 or 2, each m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each j is 0 or 1, each p is 0 or 1, q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, each X independently is a donor group selected from the group consisting of N, P, P=O, and N=O, each Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and L is a linking group optionally terminated by O and includes at least one carbonate, carbamate, amide, ester or ether linkage.
43. A polydentate ligand of formula:
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, each of Z1 and Z2, independently, is an ether, amide, ester, carbamate or carbonate linkage, each R1 and R2, independently, is an alkylene optionally interrupted by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene and optionally terminated by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, each of Z1 and Z2, independently, is an ether, amide, ester, carbamate or carbonate linkage, each R1 and R2, independently, is an alkylene optionally interrupted by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene and optionally terminated by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
44. A polydentate ligand of formula:
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, Z is an ether, carbamate, amide, ester or carbonate linkage, each R1 and each R2, independently, is an alkylene optionally interrupted by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and optionally terminated by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and each R is bonded to R1 via an ether, ester, amide, carbamate or carbonate linkage.
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each x independently is 0 or 1, Z is an ether, carbamate, amide, ester or carbonate linkage, each R1 and each R2, independently, is an alkylene optionally interrupted by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and optionally terminated by S, O, NH, N-lower alkyl, arylene, heteroarylene, or aralkylene, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and each R is bonded to R1 via an ether, ester, amide, carbamate or carbonate linkage.
45. A polydentate ligand of formula:
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each x indenpendently is 0 or 1, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, each k is 1 or 2, each x indenpendently is 0 or 1, and each R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
46. The ligand of claim 45, wherein at least one x is 0.
47. The ligand of claim 45, wherein each x is 0.
48. The ligand of claim 45, wherein each R is unsubstituted alkyl.
49. The ligand of claim 45, wherein each R includes a carboxylic acid group.
50. The ligand of claim 45, wherein each R includes an acrylate group.
51. A method of making a polydentate ligand comprising contacting a monomeric, polyfunctional phosphine with a polyfunctional oligomerization reagent to form an oligomeric phosphine.
52. The method of claim 51, wherein the monomeric, polyfunctional phosphine is trishydroxypropylphosphine.
53. The method of claim 52, wherein the polyfunctional oligomerization reagent is a diisocyanate.
54. The method of claim 51, further comprising contacting the oligomeric phosphine with an isocyanate of formula: R'-L-NCO, wherein L is C2-C24 alkylene, and R' has the formula:
R' has the formula:
or R' is hydrogen, wherein R a is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl.
R' has the formula:
or R' is hydrogen, wherein R a is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl.
55. A method of making a nanocrystal-biomolecule conjugate comprising contacting a nanocrystal including a polydentate ligand including a reactive group with a biomolecule.
56. The method of claim 55, wherein the biomolecule is a polypeptide.
57. The method of claim 55, further comprising contacting the nanocrystal and the biomolecule with a cross-linking agent.
58. The method of claim 57, wherein the reactive group is a carboxylic acid.
59. The method of claim 58, wherein the biomolecule includes an amino group and the cross-linking agent is a carbodiimide.
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US20040091710A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
US20070160838A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
WO2004042784A3 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
AU2003301769A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
US8481162B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
JP2006502232A (en) | 2006-01-19 |
EP1576655A4 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
CA2502669C (en) | 2012-10-23 |
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