CA2506521C - Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for composition of subtitles Download PDFInfo
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- CA2506521C CA2506521C CA2506521A CA2506521A CA2506521C CA 2506521 C CA2506521 C CA 2506521C CA 2506521 A CA2506521 A CA 2506521A CA 2506521 A CA2506521 A CA 2506521A CA 2506521 C CA2506521 C CA 2506521C
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001025261 Neoraja caerulea Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002160 Celluloid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/08—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division
- H04N7/087—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only
- H04N7/088—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital
- H04N7/0882—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital for the transmission of character code signals, e.g. for teletext
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/431—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
- G11B27/031—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
- G11B27/034—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals on discs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/47—End-user applications
- H04N21/488—Data services, e.g. news ticker
- H04N21/4884—Data services, e.g. news ticker for displaying subtitles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
- H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
- H04N5/278—Subtitling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
- H04N5/445—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for displaying additional information
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
- Studio Circuits (AREA)
- Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
- Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
- Indexing, Searching, Synchronizing, And The Amount Of Synchronization Travel Of Record Carriers (AREA)
- Television Systems (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The gist of the invention is a subtitling format encompass-ing elements of enhanced syntax and semantic to provide im-proved animation capabilities. The disclosed elements im-prove subtitle performance without stressing the available subtitle bitrate. This will become essential for authoring content of high-end HDTV subtitles in pre-recorded format, which can be broadcast or stored on high capacity optical media, e.g. the Blue-ray Disc. The invention includes abili-ties for improved authoring possibilities for the content production to animate subtitles. For subtitles that are separate from AV material, the method includes using one or more superimposed subtitle layers, and displaying only a se-lected part of the transferred subtitles at a time. Further, colors of a selected part of the displayed subtitles may be modified, e.g. highlighted.
Description
Method and Apparatus for composition of subtitles The invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for composition of subtitles for audio/video presentations, which can be used e.g. for HDTV subtitles in pre-recorded formats like the so-called Blue-ray Disc.
lo Background The technique of subtitling for Audio-Visual (AV) material has been used beginning with the first celluloid cinema movies and further until the recent digital media appeared.
The main target of subtitling has been the support of handicapped people or small ethnographic language groups.
Therefore subtitling often aims at the presentation of text information even when having been encoded as graphic data like pixel maps. Therefore pre-produced AV material for broadcasting (Closed Caption, Teletext, DVB-Subtitle etc.) and movie discs (DVD Sub-Picture etc.) primarily are opti-mized for subtitles representing simple static textual in-formation. However, progress in PC software development for presentation and animation of textual information induces a corresponding demand for possibilities and features within the digital subtitling technique used for pre-recording and broadcasting. Using straightforward approaches without any special precautions,- these increased requirements for subti-tling would consume a too big portion of the limited overall bandwidth. The conflicting requirements for a`full feature' subtitle encompassing karaoke all through genuine animations are on one hand the coding efficiency and on the other hand the full control for any subtitle author.
For today's state of the art of digitally subtitling AV ma-terial with separate subtitling information two main ap-proaches exist: Subtitling can be based on either pixel data
lo Background The technique of subtitling for Audio-Visual (AV) material has been used beginning with the first celluloid cinema movies and further until the recent digital media appeared.
The main target of subtitling has been the support of handicapped people or small ethnographic language groups.
Therefore subtitling often aims at the presentation of text information even when having been encoded as graphic data like pixel maps. Therefore pre-produced AV material for broadcasting (Closed Caption, Teletext, DVB-Subtitle etc.) and movie discs (DVD Sub-Picture etc.) primarily are opti-mized for subtitles representing simple static textual in-formation. However, progress in PC software development for presentation and animation of textual information induces a corresponding demand for possibilities and features within the digital subtitling technique used for pre-recording and broadcasting. Using straightforward approaches without any special precautions,- these increased requirements for subti-tling would consume a too big portion of the limited overall bandwidth. The conflicting requirements for a`full feature' subtitle encompassing karaoke all through genuine animations are on one hand the coding efficiency and on the other hand the full control for any subtitle author.
For today's state of the art of digitally subtitling AV ma-terial with separate subtitling information two main ap-proaches exist: Subtitling can be based on either pixel data
2 or on character data. In both cases, subtitling schemes com-prise a general framework, which for instance deals with the synchronization of subtitling elements along the AV__time axis.
Character data based subtitling:
In the character-based subtitling approach, e.g. in the teletext system ETS 300 706 of European analog or digital TV, strings are described by sequences of letter codes, e.g.
ASCII or UNICODE, which intrinsically allows for a very ef-ficient encoding. But from character strings alone, subti-tling cannot be converted into a graphical representation to be overlaid over video. For this, the intended character set, font and some font parameters, most notably the font size, must either be coded explicitly within the subtitling bitstream or an implicit assumption must be made about them within a suitably defined subtitling context. Also, any sub-titling in this approach is confined to what can be ex-pressed with the letters and symbols of the specific font(s) in use. The DVB Subtitling specification ETS 300 743, in its mode of "character objects", constitutes another state-of-the-art example of character-based subtitling.
Pixel data based subtitling:
In the pixel-based subtitling approach, subtitling frames are conveyed directly in the form of graphical representa-tions by describing them as (typically rectangular) regions of pixel values on the AV screen. Whenever anything is meant to be visible in the subtitling plane superimposed onto video, its pixel values must be encoded and provided in the subtitling bitstream, together with appropriate synchroniza-tion info, and hence for the full feature animation of sub-titles all pixel changed must be transported. Obviously, when removing any limitations inherent with full feature an-imations of teletext, the pixel-based approach carries the penalty of a considerably increased bandwidth for the subti-tling data. Examples of pixel-based subtitling schemes can WO 2004/047430 _ PCT/EP2003/012261
Character data based subtitling:
In the character-based subtitling approach, e.g. in the teletext system ETS 300 706 of European analog or digital TV, strings are described by sequences of letter codes, e.g.
ASCII or UNICODE, which intrinsically allows for a very ef-ficient encoding. But from character strings alone, subti-tling cannot be converted into a graphical representation to be overlaid over video. For this, the intended character set, font and some font parameters, most notably the font size, must either be coded explicitly within the subtitling bitstream or an implicit assumption must be made about them within a suitably defined subtitling context. Also, any sub-titling in this approach is confined to what can be ex-pressed with the letters and symbols of the specific font(s) in use. The DVB Subtitling specification ETS 300 743, in its mode of "character objects", constitutes another state-of-the-art example of character-based subtitling.
Pixel data based subtitling:
In the pixel-based subtitling approach, subtitling frames are conveyed directly in the form of graphical representa-tions by describing them as (typically rectangular) regions of pixel values on the AV screen. Whenever anything is meant to be visible in the subtitling plane superimposed onto video, its pixel values must be encoded and provided in the subtitling bitstream, together with appropriate synchroniza-tion info, and hence for the full feature animation of sub-titles all pixel changed must be transported. Obviously, when removing any limitations inherent with full feature an-imations of teletext, the pixel-based approach carries the penalty of a considerably increased bandwidth for the subti-tling data. Examples of pixel-based subtitling schemes can WO 2004/047430 _ PCT/EP2003/012261
3 be found in DVD's sub-picture concept "DVD Specification for Read-Only disc", Part 3: Video, as well as in the "pixel ob-ject" concept of DVB Subtitling, specified in E.TS.300 743.
Invention The gist of the invention is a subtitling format encompass-ing elements of enhanced syntax and semantic to provide im-proved animation capabilities. The disclosed elements im-prove subtitle performance without stressing the available subtitle bitrate. This will become essential for authoring content of high-end HDTV subtitles in pre-recorded format, which can be broadcast or pressed on high capacity optical media, e.g. the Blue-ray Disc. The invention includes abili-ties for improved authoring possibilities for the content production to animate subtitles.
Introduced by the disclosure are elements of syntax and se-mantic describing the color change for parts of graphics to display. This can be used for highlight effects in applica-tions like for example karaoke, avoiding the repeated trans-fer of pixel data.
Other disclosed elements of syntax and semantic facilitate the ability of cropping parts of the subtitles before dis-playing them. By using the technique of subsequently trans-ferred cropping parameters for an object to display, a bit saving animation of subtitles becomes available. Such crop-ping parameter can be used for example to generate text changes by wiping boxes, blinds, scrolling, wipes, checker boxes, etc.
Furthermore the disclosed elements can be used to provide interactivity on textual and graphical information. Espe-cially the positioning and/or color settings of subtitles can be manipulated based upon user request.
... . .. ..:....:_.. . . _ ... . .u.. ,.... ...... _:.:..,... . , _ .
...,..,._..,._._ _. .. .,._..,:...._,,. _ ..:_: .. . . . . . . . .. __ i.. .
_. ...._..
3a According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided method for composition of subtitles for audio/video presentations, wherein data streams containing video, audio and subtitle information are transferred from a storage medium, comprising the steps of retrieving from said storage medium subtitle layer data, the subtitle layer data containing graphic subtitle elements; extracting from said retrieved subtitle layer data cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW); and enabling automatic cropping of parts of the subtitle elements to be displayed, wherein the cropped parts are defined by said cropping information.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided apparatus for composition of subtitles for audio/video presentations, wherein data streams containing video, audio and subtitle information are transferred from a storage medium, the apparatus comprising means for retrieving from said storage medium subtitle layer data, wherein the subtitle layer data contain graphic subtitle elements; means for extracting from said retrieved subtitle layer data cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW); and means for enabling automatic cropping of parts of the subtitle elements to be displayed, wherein the cropped parts are defined by said cropping information.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided optical storage medium containing data for audio/video presentation and data for composition of subtitles for said audio/video presentation, wherein the data for composition of subtitles contain data representing graphic subtitle elements to be rendered in a subtitle layer; and cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW) defining parts of the graphic subtitle elements to be automatically cropped before displaying the subtitles.
Invention The gist of the invention is a subtitling format encompass-ing elements of enhanced syntax and semantic to provide im-proved animation capabilities. The disclosed elements im-prove subtitle performance without stressing the available subtitle bitrate. This will become essential for authoring content of high-end HDTV subtitles in pre-recorded format, which can be broadcast or pressed on high capacity optical media, e.g. the Blue-ray Disc. The invention includes abili-ties for improved authoring possibilities for the content production to animate subtitles.
Introduced by the disclosure are elements of syntax and se-mantic describing the color change for parts of graphics to display. This can be used for highlight effects in applica-tions like for example karaoke, avoiding the repeated trans-fer of pixel data.
Other disclosed elements of syntax and semantic facilitate the ability of cropping parts of the subtitles before dis-playing them. By using the technique of subsequently trans-ferred cropping parameters for an object to display, a bit saving animation of subtitles becomes available. Such crop-ping parameter can be used for example to generate text changes by wiping boxes, blinds, scrolling, wipes, checker boxes, etc.
Furthermore the disclosed elements can be used to provide interactivity on textual and graphical information. Espe-cially the positioning and/or color settings of subtitles can be manipulated based upon user request.
... . .. ..:....:_.. . . _ ... . .u.. ,.... ...... _:.:..,... . , _ .
...,..,._..,._._ _. .. .,._..,:...._,,. _ ..:_: .. . . . . . . . .. __ i.. .
_. ...._..
3a According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided method for composition of subtitles for audio/video presentations, wherein data streams containing video, audio and subtitle information are transferred from a storage medium, comprising the steps of retrieving from said storage medium subtitle layer data, the subtitle layer data containing graphic subtitle elements; extracting from said retrieved subtitle layer data cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW); and enabling automatic cropping of parts of the subtitle elements to be displayed, wherein the cropped parts are defined by said cropping information.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided apparatus for composition of subtitles for audio/video presentations, wherein data streams containing video, audio and subtitle information are transferred from a storage medium, the apparatus comprising means for retrieving from said storage medium subtitle layer data, wherein the subtitle layer data contain graphic subtitle elements; means for extracting from said retrieved subtitle layer data cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW); and means for enabling automatic cropping of parts of the subtitle elements to be displayed, wherein the cropped parts are defined by said cropping information.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided optical storage medium containing data for audio/video presentation and data for composition of subtitles for said audio/video presentation, wherein the data for composition of subtitles contain data representing graphic subtitle elements to be rendered in a subtitle layer; and cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW) defining parts of the graphic subtitle elements to be automatically cropped before displaying the subtitles.
4 Drawings Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings and tables, which show=
Fig.l: segment_type values for enhanced PCS and RCS;
Fig.2: Enhanced page composition segment;
Fig.3: Enhanced region composition segment;
Fig.4: Example for the definition of a subtitle region and its location within a page;
Fig.5: Example for definition of a region sub-CLUT and re-gion cropping;
Fig.6: Resulting display example;
Fig.7: Interactive usage of subtitles;
Fig.8: Video and Graphics Planes;
Fig.9: Video and Graphics Mixing and Switching.
Exemplary embodiments The invention can preferably be embodied based on the syntax and semantic of the DVB subtitle specification (DVB-ST).
To provide improved capabilities for the manipulation of graphic subtitle elements, the semantics of DVB-ST's page composition segment (PCS) and region composition segment (RCS) are expanded.-DVB_ST uses page composition segments (PCS) to describe the positions of one or more rectangular regions on the display screen. The region composition segments (RCS) are used to define the size of any such rectangular area and identifies the color-lookup-table (CLUT) used within.
The proposed invention keeps backward compatibility with DVB-ST by using different segment_types for the enhanced PCS
and RCS elements, as listed in Fig.l showing segment type values according to DVB-ST, with additional..values for en-hanced PCS and enhanced RCS. It would also be possible to choose other values instead. Another approach for keeping s backward compatibility would be to keep the existing seg-ment_types and increase the version_number of the specifica-tion, e.g. by incrementing the subtitle stream id in the PES data field structure.
Fig.2. shows the data structure of an enhanced page composi-tion segment (PCS), containing a region_cropping section and a region_sub_CLUT section. Fig.3 shows the data structure of an enhanced region composition segment (RCS), containing an identifier sub_CLUT_id for a sub-color-look-up-table. With respect to original DVB-ST, all structures shown are ex-panded. In the tables the additional entries are lines 15-28 in Fig.2 and line 16 in Fig.3.
The enhanced PCS shown in Fig.2 carries optional information about the region cropping and optional information about the region_sub-CLUT for every region listed. The two values of region_cropping and region_sub_CLUT indicate if such op-tional information is available for the current region in process. Therefore cropping and sub-CLUT may be defined separately for every region. While region_cropping is used as a flag, as indicated by "if region_cropping==0x01", the region_sub_CLUT shows the value how many sub-CLUT positions are described. This is done to provide different alterna-tives within the stream. Alternative sub-CLUT positions can be used to define different menu button positions for the display screen. Only one of them - the first one as a de-fault - is active and the user can change the position to navigate through the different predefined positions pressing the remote for example.
The enhanced RCS shown in Fig.3 carries the sub CLUT id identifying the family of CLUTs that applies to this region.
This is done'to re-use CLUTs for different regions and dif-WO 2004/047430 PCT/EP2003/012261, ferent region sub_CLUTs as well.
The enhanced PCS and enhanced RCS elements provide the abil-ity that subtitles can be manipulated independent from the encoding method i.e. independent from whether they are en-coded as character data or pixel data.
The enhanced PCS and RCS can be used to perform many differ-ent animation effects for subtitles. Those could be wiping boxes, blinds, scrolling, wipes, checker boxes, etc. The Zo following figures show an application example for karaoke.
Fig.4 shows the definition of a region R containing lyrics of a song displayed for karaoke. The letters of the subtitle may be encoded as pixel data or as character data as well.
The region_vertical_address RVA and the region_horizontal_address RHA define the location of the subtitle within the frame, or page PG, to display.
Fig.5 depicts in the upper part region cropping, and in the lower part the location of the region sub-CLUT. Region crop-ping defines which part of the region is effectively dis-played. This is achieved by four parameters RHC,RVC,RCH,RCW
indicating the start coordinates and the size of the frag-ment to display. region_horizontal_cropping RHC specifies the horizontal address of the top left pixel of this crop-ping, region vertical_cropping RVC specifies the vertical address of the top line of this cropping,.
region_cropping_width RCW specifies the horizontal length of this cropping, and region_cropping_height RCH specifies the vertical length of this cropping, wherein cropping means that part of the subtitles that is visible on a display.
The region sub-CLUT location shown in the lower part of Fig.5 defines which part of the region has to be displayed using a color-look-up-table (CLUT) different from the region CLUT. This is achieved by four parameters SCHA,SCVA,SCH,SCW
indicating the start coordinates and the size of the sub-region used by the sub-CLUT. All coordinate parameters are to be understood relative to the region the sub-CLUT belongs to. sub_CLUT_horizontal_address SCHA specifies the horizon-tal address of the top left pixel of thissub-CLUT,..
sub_CLUT vertical_address SCVA specifies tYie vertical address of the top line of this sub-CLUT, sub CLUT width SCW
specifies the horizontal length of this sub-CLUT and sub_CLUT_height SCH specifies the vertical length of this sub-CLUT.
Picking up all parameters defined with the previous figures results in the displayed subtitle as depicted in Fig.6. The subtitle is not depicted in whole on the display but only the cropped part of it. Furthermore the sub-CLUT was used to provide a highlight HT, so that the user knows what to sing in the moment.
As the enhanced PCS are sent within MPEG packet elementary stream (PES) packets labeled by presentation time stamps (PTS), any effect can be synchronized to the AV.
Another idea of the invention is the superseding of subtitle animation parameters by the user. This offers a way to real-ize interactive subtitles. The enhanced PCS parameters are transferred as a default, and the user may change them via a remote control for example. Thus the user is able to move, crop or highlight the subtitle.
This could be an advantage for a user defined repositioning of a subtitling text, so that the user can subjectively minimize the annoyance by the subtitle text placement on top of the motion video. Also the color of the subtitles could be set according to users preferences. Fig.7 shows a block diagram for interactive subtitle modifications. The default parameters DD read from a disc D are superseded by supersed-ing data SD being generated upon the user action UA and processed by a processor P.
Another application for overriding subtitle animation parameters like position, cropping rectangle, CLUTs and sub-CLUTs is the realization of some very basic sort of..interac-tive gaming. The subtitle may carry pixel data of an ani-mated character. This character is subsequently moved on the display screen driven by either user interaction, program-matic control or both.
The overriding of subtitle animation parameters can be im-plemented in at least two ways. The first option is that the overriding parameters SD replace the parameters DD send in the bitstream. The second option is that the overriding pa-rameters SD are used as an offset that is added to or sub-tracted from the subtitle animation parameters DD send in the bitstream.
The enhanced PCS and RCS provide a lot more of animation ca-pabilities not explained. Following is a non-exhaustive list of examples: wiping boxes, blinds, scrolling, wipes, checker boxes in details.
Exemplary video and graphics planes are shown in Fig.8 in an exemplary, schematic manner. A background is provided by ei-ther an MPEG-2 video layer MVL or a still picture layer SPL.
They are mutually exclusive, which means that not both of them need to be held in a buffer at a time. The next two layers comprise a subtitle layer SL and an AV sync type graphics layer AVSGL. These two layers are in this example interchangeable, meaning that either the subtitle layer SL
or the AV sync type graphics layer AVSGL may have priority over the other. The front layer is a non-AV sync graphics layer NAVSGL, containing graphics that need not be synchro-nized with the AV content, such as e.g. menus or other on-screen displays. The inventive method can preferably be used for the subtitle layer SL, the AV sync graphics layer AVSGL
and/or the Non-AV sync graphics layer NAVSGL.
Fig.9 shows relevant components of an apparatus for video and graphics mixing and switching. Data comprising either still picture data or MPEG-2 video data, further data for subtitles, data for animations and data for non-AV sync graphics such as menu buttons, are retrieved from a disc D.
Additionally or alternatively, data for subtitles, anima-tions and/or non-AV sync graphics can be received from a network NW, e.g. internet. A processing unit CPU processes the non-AV sync graphics data and sends the resulting data to a rendering device for non-AV sync graphics RNAVG.
The apparatus contains a still picture decoder SPDec and an MPEG-2 video decoder MVDec, but since only one of them is used at a time, a switch sl can select which data shall be used for further processing. Moreover, two identical decod-ers AVSGDec1,AVSGDec2 are used for decoding subtitle and animation data. The outputs of these two decoders AVSGDecl, AVSGDec2 may be switched by independent switches s2,s3 to either a mixer MX, or for preprocessing to a mixer and sca-ler MXS, which outputs its resulting data to said mixer MX.
These two units MX,MXS are used to perform the superimposing of its various input data, thus controlling the display or-der of the layers. The mixer MX has inputs for a front layer f2, a middle front layer mf, a middle back layer mb and a background layer b2. The front layer f2 may be unused, if the corresponding switch s3 is in a position to connect the second AV sync graphics decoder AVSGDec2 to the mixer and scaler MXS. This unit MXS has inputs for front layer fl, middle layer m and background layer b. It superimposes these data correspondingly and sends the resulting picture data to the background input b2 of the mixer MX. Thus, these data represent e.g. a frame comprising up to three layers of pic-ture and subtitles, which can be scaled and moved together within the final picture. The background input bi of the mixer and scaler MXS is connected to the switch sl mentioned above, so that the background can be generated from a still picture or an MPEG-2 video.
The output of the first AV sync graphics decoder AVSGDeci is connected to a second switch s2, which may switch it to the middle layer input m of the mixer and scaler MXS or-.to the middle back layer input mb of the mixer MX. The output of
Fig.l: segment_type values for enhanced PCS and RCS;
Fig.2: Enhanced page composition segment;
Fig.3: Enhanced region composition segment;
Fig.4: Example for the definition of a subtitle region and its location within a page;
Fig.5: Example for definition of a region sub-CLUT and re-gion cropping;
Fig.6: Resulting display example;
Fig.7: Interactive usage of subtitles;
Fig.8: Video and Graphics Planes;
Fig.9: Video and Graphics Mixing and Switching.
Exemplary embodiments The invention can preferably be embodied based on the syntax and semantic of the DVB subtitle specification (DVB-ST).
To provide improved capabilities for the manipulation of graphic subtitle elements, the semantics of DVB-ST's page composition segment (PCS) and region composition segment (RCS) are expanded.-DVB_ST uses page composition segments (PCS) to describe the positions of one or more rectangular regions on the display screen. The region composition segments (RCS) are used to define the size of any such rectangular area and identifies the color-lookup-table (CLUT) used within.
The proposed invention keeps backward compatibility with DVB-ST by using different segment_types for the enhanced PCS
and RCS elements, as listed in Fig.l showing segment type values according to DVB-ST, with additional..values for en-hanced PCS and enhanced RCS. It would also be possible to choose other values instead. Another approach for keeping s backward compatibility would be to keep the existing seg-ment_types and increase the version_number of the specifica-tion, e.g. by incrementing the subtitle stream id in the PES data field structure.
Fig.2. shows the data structure of an enhanced page composi-tion segment (PCS), containing a region_cropping section and a region_sub_CLUT section. Fig.3 shows the data structure of an enhanced region composition segment (RCS), containing an identifier sub_CLUT_id for a sub-color-look-up-table. With respect to original DVB-ST, all structures shown are ex-panded. In the tables the additional entries are lines 15-28 in Fig.2 and line 16 in Fig.3.
The enhanced PCS shown in Fig.2 carries optional information about the region cropping and optional information about the region_sub-CLUT for every region listed. The two values of region_cropping and region_sub_CLUT indicate if such op-tional information is available for the current region in process. Therefore cropping and sub-CLUT may be defined separately for every region. While region_cropping is used as a flag, as indicated by "if region_cropping==0x01", the region_sub_CLUT shows the value how many sub-CLUT positions are described. This is done to provide different alterna-tives within the stream. Alternative sub-CLUT positions can be used to define different menu button positions for the display screen. Only one of them - the first one as a de-fault - is active and the user can change the position to navigate through the different predefined positions pressing the remote for example.
The enhanced RCS shown in Fig.3 carries the sub CLUT id identifying the family of CLUTs that applies to this region.
This is done'to re-use CLUTs for different regions and dif-WO 2004/047430 PCT/EP2003/012261, ferent region sub_CLUTs as well.
The enhanced PCS and enhanced RCS elements provide the abil-ity that subtitles can be manipulated independent from the encoding method i.e. independent from whether they are en-coded as character data or pixel data.
The enhanced PCS and RCS can be used to perform many differ-ent animation effects for subtitles. Those could be wiping boxes, blinds, scrolling, wipes, checker boxes, etc. The Zo following figures show an application example for karaoke.
Fig.4 shows the definition of a region R containing lyrics of a song displayed for karaoke. The letters of the subtitle may be encoded as pixel data or as character data as well.
The region_vertical_address RVA and the region_horizontal_address RHA define the location of the subtitle within the frame, or page PG, to display.
Fig.5 depicts in the upper part region cropping, and in the lower part the location of the region sub-CLUT. Region crop-ping defines which part of the region is effectively dis-played. This is achieved by four parameters RHC,RVC,RCH,RCW
indicating the start coordinates and the size of the frag-ment to display. region_horizontal_cropping RHC specifies the horizontal address of the top left pixel of this crop-ping, region vertical_cropping RVC specifies the vertical address of the top line of this cropping,.
region_cropping_width RCW specifies the horizontal length of this cropping, and region_cropping_height RCH specifies the vertical length of this cropping, wherein cropping means that part of the subtitles that is visible on a display.
The region sub-CLUT location shown in the lower part of Fig.5 defines which part of the region has to be displayed using a color-look-up-table (CLUT) different from the region CLUT. This is achieved by four parameters SCHA,SCVA,SCH,SCW
indicating the start coordinates and the size of the sub-region used by the sub-CLUT. All coordinate parameters are to be understood relative to the region the sub-CLUT belongs to. sub_CLUT_horizontal_address SCHA specifies the horizon-tal address of the top left pixel of thissub-CLUT,..
sub_CLUT vertical_address SCVA specifies tYie vertical address of the top line of this sub-CLUT, sub CLUT width SCW
specifies the horizontal length of this sub-CLUT and sub_CLUT_height SCH specifies the vertical length of this sub-CLUT.
Picking up all parameters defined with the previous figures results in the displayed subtitle as depicted in Fig.6. The subtitle is not depicted in whole on the display but only the cropped part of it. Furthermore the sub-CLUT was used to provide a highlight HT, so that the user knows what to sing in the moment.
As the enhanced PCS are sent within MPEG packet elementary stream (PES) packets labeled by presentation time stamps (PTS), any effect can be synchronized to the AV.
Another idea of the invention is the superseding of subtitle animation parameters by the user. This offers a way to real-ize interactive subtitles. The enhanced PCS parameters are transferred as a default, and the user may change them via a remote control for example. Thus the user is able to move, crop or highlight the subtitle.
This could be an advantage for a user defined repositioning of a subtitling text, so that the user can subjectively minimize the annoyance by the subtitle text placement on top of the motion video. Also the color of the subtitles could be set according to users preferences. Fig.7 shows a block diagram for interactive subtitle modifications. The default parameters DD read from a disc D are superseded by supersed-ing data SD being generated upon the user action UA and processed by a processor P.
Another application for overriding subtitle animation parameters like position, cropping rectangle, CLUTs and sub-CLUTs is the realization of some very basic sort of..interac-tive gaming. The subtitle may carry pixel data of an ani-mated character. This character is subsequently moved on the display screen driven by either user interaction, program-matic control or both.
The overriding of subtitle animation parameters can be im-plemented in at least two ways. The first option is that the overriding parameters SD replace the parameters DD send in the bitstream. The second option is that the overriding pa-rameters SD are used as an offset that is added to or sub-tracted from the subtitle animation parameters DD send in the bitstream.
The enhanced PCS and RCS provide a lot more of animation ca-pabilities not explained. Following is a non-exhaustive list of examples: wiping boxes, blinds, scrolling, wipes, checker boxes in details.
Exemplary video and graphics planes are shown in Fig.8 in an exemplary, schematic manner. A background is provided by ei-ther an MPEG-2 video layer MVL or a still picture layer SPL.
They are mutually exclusive, which means that not both of them need to be held in a buffer at a time. The next two layers comprise a subtitle layer SL and an AV sync type graphics layer AVSGL. These two layers are in this example interchangeable, meaning that either the subtitle layer SL
or the AV sync type graphics layer AVSGL may have priority over the other. The front layer is a non-AV sync graphics layer NAVSGL, containing graphics that need not be synchro-nized with the AV content, such as e.g. menus or other on-screen displays. The inventive method can preferably be used for the subtitle layer SL, the AV sync graphics layer AVSGL
and/or the Non-AV sync graphics layer NAVSGL.
Fig.9 shows relevant components of an apparatus for video and graphics mixing and switching. Data comprising either still picture data or MPEG-2 video data, further data for subtitles, data for animations and data for non-AV sync graphics such as menu buttons, are retrieved from a disc D.
Additionally or alternatively, data for subtitles, anima-tions and/or non-AV sync graphics can be received from a network NW, e.g. internet. A processing unit CPU processes the non-AV sync graphics data and sends the resulting data to a rendering device for non-AV sync graphics RNAVG.
The apparatus contains a still picture decoder SPDec and an MPEG-2 video decoder MVDec, but since only one of them is used at a time, a switch sl can select which data shall be used for further processing. Moreover, two identical decod-ers AVSGDec1,AVSGDec2 are used for decoding subtitle and animation data. The outputs of these two decoders AVSGDecl, AVSGDec2 may be switched by independent switches s2,s3 to either a mixer MX, or for preprocessing to a mixer and sca-ler MXS, which outputs its resulting data to said mixer MX.
These two units MX,MXS are used to perform the superimposing of its various input data, thus controlling the display or-der of the layers. The mixer MX has inputs for a front layer f2, a middle front layer mf, a middle back layer mb and a background layer b2. The front layer f2 may be unused, if the corresponding switch s3 is in a position to connect the second AV sync graphics decoder AVSGDec2 to the mixer and scaler MXS. This unit MXS has inputs for front layer fl, middle layer m and background layer b. It superimposes these data correspondingly and sends the resulting picture data to the background input b2 of the mixer MX. Thus, these data represent e.g. a frame comprising up to three layers of pic-ture and subtitles, which can be scaled and moved together within the final picture. The background input bi of the mixer and scaler MXS is connected to the switch sl mentioned above, so that the background can be generated from a still picture or an MPEG-2 video.
The output of the first AV sync graphics decoder AVSGDeci is connected to a second switch s2, which may switch it to the middle layer input m of the mixer and scaler MXS or-.to the middle back layer input mb of the mixer MX. The output of
5 the second AV sync graphics decoder AVSGDec2 is connected to a third switch s3, which may switch it to the front layer input fl of the mixer and scaler MXS or to the middle front layer input mf of the mixer MX.
io Depending on the positions of the second and third switch s2,s3, either the output of the first or the second AV sync graphics decoder AVSGDec1,AVSGD2 may have priority over the other, as described above. For having the data from the first decoder AVSGDecl in the foreground, the second switch s2 may route the subtitle data to the middle back input mb of the mixer MX, while the third switch s3 routes the anima-tion graphics data to the front input fl of the mixer and scaler MXS, so that it ends up at the background input b2 of the mixer MX. Otherwise, for having the data from the second decoder AVSGDec2 in the foreground, the switches s2,s3 may route their outputs to the same unit, either the mixer and scaler MXS or the mixer MX, as shown in Fig.9.
io Depending on the positions of the second and third switch s2,s3, either the output of the first or the second AV sync graphics decoder AVSGDec1,AVSGD2 may have priority over the other, as described above. For having the data from the first decoder AVSGDecl in the foreground, the second switch s2 may route the subtitle data to the middle back input mb of the mixer MX, while the third switch s3 routes the anima-tion graphics data to the front input fl of the mixer and scaler MXS, so that it ends up at the background input b2 of the mixer MX. Otherwise, for having the data from the second decoder AVSGDec2 in the foreground, the switches s2,s3 may route their outputs to the same unit, either the mixer and scaler MXS or the mixer MX, as shown in Fig.9.
Claims (8)
1. Method for composition of subtitles for audio/video presentations, wherein data streams containing video, audio and subtitle information are transferred from a storage medium, comprising the steps of - retrieving from said storage medium subtitle layer data, the subtitle layer data containing graphic subtitle elements;
- extracting from said retrieved subtitle layer data cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW); and - enabling automatic cropping of parts of the subtitle elements to be displayed, wherein the cropped parts are defined by said cropping information.
- extracting from said retrieved subtitle layer data cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW); and - enabling automatic cropping of parts of the subtitle elements to be displayed, wherein the cropped parts are defined by said cropping information.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the cropped parts of the subtitle elements are synchronized to the audio/video presentation through presentation time stamps.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the subtitle layer data comprise data for a first color look-up table to be used within a sub-region of said cropped parts of the subtitles, the sub-region being specified by parameters (SCHA, SCVA, SCH, SCW) included in said subtitle layer data, and further comprise data for a different second color look-up table to be used in the remainder of the subtitle layer.
4. Method according to one of the claims 1-3, wherein a user may interactively move, crop or highlight subtitles or modify the colors of subtitles.
5. Apparatus for composition of subtitles for audio/video presentations, wherein data streams containing video, audio and subtitle information are transferred from a storage medium, the apparatus comprising - means for retrieving from said storage medium subtitle layer data, wherein the subtitle layer data contain graphic subtitle elements;
- means for extracting from said retrieved subtitle layer data cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW); and - means for enabling automatic cropping of parts of the subtitle elements to be displayed, wherein the cropped parts are defined by said cropping information.
- means for extracting from said retrieved subtitle layer data cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW); and - means for enabling automatic cropping of parts of the subtitle elements to be displayed, wherein the cropped parts are defined by said cropping information.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising means for synchronizing the cropped parts of the subtitles to the audio/video presentation through presentation time stamps.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising a subtitle decoder (ST-DEC) that is capable of superseding default subtitle parameters (DD) with other subtitle parameters (SD) generated upon user action, for interactively modifying or highlighting subtitles.
8. Optical storage medium containing data for audio/video presentation and data for composition of subtitles for said audio/video presentation, wherein the data for composition of subtitles contain - data representing graphic subtitle elements to be rendered in a subtitle layer; and - cropping information (RHC, RVC, RCH, RCW) defining parts of the graphic subtitle elements to be automatically cropped before displaying the subtitles.
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