CA2515188A1 - Dynamic process control - Google Patents
Dynamic process control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2515188A1 CA2515188A1 CA002515188A CA2515188A CA2515188A1 CA 2515188 A1 CA2515188 A1 CA 2515188A1 CA 002515188 A CA002515188 A CA 002515188A CA 2515188 A CA2515188 A CA 2515188A CA 2515188 A1 CA2515188 A1 CA 2515188A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ingredient
- product
- processing
- container
- information
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/04—Production of frozen sweets, e.g. ice-cream
- A23G9/08—Batch production
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/04—Production of frozen sweets, e.g. ice-cream
- A23G9/22—Details, component parts or accessories of apparatus insofar as not peculiar to a single one of the preceding groups
- A23G9/228—Arrangement and mounting of control or safety devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F13/00—Coin-freed apparatus for controlling dispensing or fluids, semiliquids or granular material from reservoirs
- G07F13/06—Coin-freed apparatus for controlling dispensing or fluids, semiliquids or granular material from reservoirs with selective dispensing of different fluids or materials or mixtures thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F9/00—Details other than those peculiar to special kinds or types of apparatus
- G07F9/002—Vending machines being part of a centrally controlled network of vending machines
Abstract
A method and apparatus (10) for defining the processing of an ingredient of a manufactured product, particularly one that is manufactured ~one-the-spot~ to a consumer~s specification, such as ice-cream, among other products. A tag (36) encoded on a container (30, 32, 34) for the product carries indicia that, directly or indirectly, define one or more formulations for the product.
Apparatus (10) into which the ingredient is loaded sets the processing of ingredients in accordance with the formulations so specified. By connecting the apparatus which is to process the ingredients to a control station, the formulations may be changed at will.
Apparatus (10) into which the ingredient is loaded sets the processing of ingredients in accordance with the formulations so specified. By connecting the apparatus which is to process the ingredients to a control station, the formulations may be changed at will.
Description
DYNAMIC PROCESS CONTROL
BACKGROUND OF TIIE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The invention relates to dynamic process control, especially as applied to on-the-spot manufacture of food products, particularly frozen food products.
~c~ck~round Information The history of manufacture has been that of a progression from individual, lo-cal, hand-crafted preparation and construction to mass manufacture and distribution.
For most manufactures, the latter mode is generally characterized by substantial eco-nomic efficiency and thus has largely replaced the former. In some areas, such as food io preparation, individual preparation of an item to be served is still common although, even here, mass manufacture has made headway, and prepackaged foods such as frozen dinners have eliminated much or most of the individual preparation. while some food products such as meats, pastas, etc. still accommodate individual preparation and f1a-~yoring such ~.~ by the addition of spices, sauces, ~,nd the like, others such as ice cream, is yogurt, etc. are supplied in essentially the final flavored form, with little opportunity to adjust the underlying product itself to a particular taste.
Many branded food products are distributed to the end user through chains of restaurants, as well as through individual stands or kiosks, with final preparation done on site. Control of the uniformity of the end products is important, as is the ability to ao quickly introduce and control changes in the formulation of the product from time to time and even from place to place. This has been difficult to do on a broad basis.
In the field of frozen food products such as ice cream, yogurt, and the like, a significant change in the manufacture and distribution of such products is described in a series of patents issued to the present applicant: see, e.g., U.S. Patent No.
5,292,030 as issued March 8, 1994 to Paul I~ateman et al. for "Method and Apparatus For Producing _2_ and Dispensing Aerated Products". This series of patents describes the on-the-spot production of frozen food products such as ice cream , yogurt, and the like in individ-ual-sized servings of various flavors and with the option of additional mix-ins such as nuts, candies, etc. The present invention extends the capabilities of such methods and apparatus by enabling the controlled variation of the production process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTI~N
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to enhance the control of on-the-spot product manufacture of various products.
io Further, it is an object of the invention t~ enhance the control of on-the-spot manufacture of food products.
Mill a further object of the invention t~ enhance the control of on-the-spot manufacture of frozen food pr~ducia such as ice cream a,nd the like.
bet a further object of the invention is to enable the individual particularization is of the processes ~f on-the-spot manufacture of various pr~ducts to one or more of the specific product inputs.
~e°t another object of the invention is to facilitate localized and isolated changes in the formulation of pr~ducts manufactured on-the-spot.
zo BRIEF ~ESCRIFT'I~T'~1 F 'SHE BRAINS S
The invention description below refers to the accompanying drawings, of which:
Fig. 1 is a view in perspective of one embodiment of apparatus for on-the-spot manufacture of frozen food products such as ice cream, yogurt and the like;
zs Fig. 2 is a view in perspective of the interior of the apparatus of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 illustrates an example ingredient container encoded for particularized on-the-spot manufacturing;
Figs. 4A and 4B show illustrative dynamically adjustable parameters encoded in connection with ingredient containers in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. ~ is a flow diagram illustrating the manner in which the apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2 is particularized to the specific product inputs;
Fig. 6 shows an illustrative user control panel by which a user may select an item to be produced;
Fig. 7 is a block and line diagram illustrating operation of the apparatus of Figs.
1 and 2 to produce an individual serving of a product on the spot; and Fig. ~ is a block and line diagram of a central control system for controlling and io dynamically changing the processing of one or more ingredients of a product to be manufactured.
h~~~~11~T'~~~"
is In Fig. l, apparatus 10 for manufacturing on-the-spot an individual serving of a frozen food product such as ice cream, yogurt or the like comprises a hinged cabinet 12 having a dispensing station 14~ including a stand 16 for receiving a cup or other con-tainer for a product to be dispensed and a dispenser 1~ located above the stand. A dis-penning control panel 20 includes a, keypad 22 for selecting a product to be manfuac-zo tured on-the-spot and dispensed to the consumer, and a display 24 for indicating the selections made. For purposes of description, the product will be described as ice cream of various flavors and with or without mix-ins such as nuts, candles, and the like, although it will be understood that a variety of other products are emendable to similar manufacturing control . The keypad 24 enables the operator to select, for example, the zs particular flavor, the amount to be dispensed, and one or more mix-ins, as specified by a customer for whom an individual-sized serving is to be prepared.
Turning now to Fig. 2, the apparatus of Fig. 1 is shown with the front panel opened to expose the interior thereof. Receptacles 30, 32, 34 are provided in the appa-ratus 10 to receive containers of various ingredients from which the final product is to so be produced. For example, receptacle 30a may hold a container of a low-fat neutral base dairy mix from which end product ice cream or yogurt is to be produced, while receptacle 30b may hold a container of a higher-fat form of the base mix.
Receptacles 32a, 32b, 32c, etc. may hold containers of various flavorings, such as vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, etc. Receptacles 34a, 34b, 34c, etc. may hold containers of mix-ins, such as nuts, candies, etc. Preferably, each receptacle carries an indicator tag, such as tag 36 on receptacle 30a, that identifies it to the production process, as explained in more detail below.
The receptacles are connected to provide their contents to a formulator 40 which mixes the ingredients and otherwise processes them to form the end product in the de-co sired amount, and then dispenses them through dispensing head 14. An example of an appropriate formulator by means of which the end product may be manufactured and dispensed is described in the copending patent application of Paul I~ateman et al., Ser.
I~To. 10/160,674, filed July 31, 2002 entitled "le~ethod and Apparatus For Producing and Dispensing An Aerated And/~r Mended Food Product" and assigned to the assignee of is the present invention; the contents of that application are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Fig. 3 illustrates an example ingredient container for loading into one of the re-ceptacles of Fig. 2 and encoded for particularised on-the-spot manufacturing.
~on-tainer ~0 may, for exsample, be structured tea hold a neutral base mi~~ for producing indi-go victual servings of ice cream and, for this purpose, may enclose an inner flexible pouch 52 having a connector 54~ for feeding its contents to the formulator 4~0. The latter proc-esses the various ingredients to produce the finished product which is dispensed to the user. The construction of one such formulator is set forth in I1. ~. Patent Application Serial I~To. 10/160,674 referred to above.
as In accordance with one part of the present invention, the container carries a tag 56 in a suitable location, preferably the exterior thereof, which bears, inter alia, infor-mation ("process information") defining the manner in which the contents may be proc-essed. As illustrated in Fig. 4A, the tag may be encoded with a serial number identify-ing the specific container or a group of particular containers; an ingredient type desig-so nator, indicating, for example, that the container contains "base mix, low fat content" or "flavoring, vanilla"; an expiration date, after which the ingredient should not be used;
the amount of ingredient (e.g., volume, weight, etc.); a display name for viewing by the operator; and, most importantly, one or more "formulations", as exemplified in Fig. 4B, defining appropriate processing for the ingredient.
s The formulations are, of course, specific to the product being manufactured and the process by which they are being manfuactured. Further, the formulations may specify the physical process conditions (e.g., time, temperature, pressure, etc.) under which the ingredient, or product formulated using that ingredient, is to be used, and may also specify the proportions of the ingredient to be used with other ingredients.
io Thus, in the case of ice cream that is manufactured in accordance with patent applica-tion Ser. lVo. 10/160,674 noted above, as shown in Fig. 4B the formulation associated with a particular ingredient may define the type and amount of other ingredients that are desirable or permissible for use with the ingredient in question, as well as some or all of the physical processing conditions and the processing steps to be followed.
is For example, a container of a low-fat neutral base mix for ice cream may spec-ify the identity and concentration of flavorings that are appropriate or permitted for use with that particular base (e.g., "Flavoring #1: 0.03 0~/0~"; "Flavoring #2:
0.025 0~/0~";
etc.); the type and amount of mix-ins (e.g., "~hx-In ~1: 0.3 0~/0~"; "l~l~i~~-In #2: 0.27 or/~~", etc.); the length of time during which the ingredients are to be subjected to one zo or more of the process steps (e.g., "Freezing Duration: 90 seconds";
"Aeration Dura-tion: 60 seconds"); and the aeration pressure (e.g., "Aeration Pressure: 20 psi"). ~ther types of ingredients may specify different formulations appropriate to that ingredient.
It will be understood that other parameters may be included in the formulation and that, conversely, one or more of the above parameters may be omitted.
zs The process information may be encoded on the container tags in a variety of manners, including optically readable strips; magnetically readable strips;
and elec-tronically readable constructs such as memory sticks and chips containing other active or passive electric or electronic circuits, to mention just a few. In the embodiment of the invention described specifically herein, it is encoded in optically scannable bar so code. The tags may thus simply comprise printed areas on the container or may com-prise labels or even electric circuits affixed to, or otherwise associated with, the con-tainer and encoding the desired information therein.
Referring again to Fig. 2, a control panel 60 is mounted on the inside of front panel 12. The control panel 60 includes a keypad 60a and a display panel 60b.
A
s hand-held scanner 62 is removably mounted on the inside of front panel 12, and is con-nected to control panel 60 to provide data input thereto. With the apparatus 10 open as indicated, an operator charges the apparatus with ingredients by loading containers such as container SO into receptacles such as receptacles 30, 32, 34. As noted above, the re-ceptacles are preferably particularized to the type of ingredient to be loaded, i.e., base io mix, flavoring, mix-in, ate. In the process of loading an ingredient, the operator scans both the tag 36 of the receptacle and the tag 56 of the ingredient container.
Scanning the former identifies to the system controller the specific receptacle into which the in-gredient is being loaded, and thus enables the system to extract a desired ingredient during product processing. Scanning the latter identifies to the system the specific in-is gradient which is being loaded and enables the system to verify that a given ingredient is loaded into an appropriate receptacle; it also loads into the system the particular processing parameters and other data either set forth on, or associated with, the tag 56.
A particular container may be one that is being los.ded into the apparatus 10 for the first time or it may be one that has previously been loaded into the apparatus but ao subsequently removed therefrom, e.g., for system maintenance. Thus (see Fig. 5) re-sponsive to scanner data input from a container, the controller reads the container iden-tification number (step 70) and examines its process memory to determine whether the particular container has previously been loaded into the apparatus (step 72).
If it has previously been loaded, the system retrieves the volume of the container in its current zs state ("the current volume", step 74) and uses this in controlling production operations.
The "current volume" is the volume calculated during prior use of the particular con-tainer in the apparatus and stored on removing the container from the apparatus, as de-scribed in further detail below. If, on the other hand, the container is being installed for the first time, the initial container volume is stored in process memory (step 76). This so initial volume may be that contained on the container tag itself, or it may be a known value for the particular type of container (e.g., base mix). The expiration date is then _7_ stored in process memory (step 78), and a determination is made as to whether a for-mulation for the particular ingredient is contained on the tag or is otherwise provided in connection with it (step 80). If one or more formulations are specified, it is retrieved from the scanner input data stream and stored in process memory (step 82). The proc-ess is repeated (step 84) fox each additional formulation that is input.
Conversely, if no specific formulation associated with the particular container is input or otherwise is provided, a default formulation for the given ingredient is used (step 86).
~nce the data associated with the various ingredient containers is loaded into the system, and the system is brought to operating temperature, preparation of a desired io end product may proceed. As illustrated in Fig. 6, dispensing control panel 20 has a number of selector buttons 24a for choosing a desired item (e.g. yogurt, ice cream, etc.) and its grade (e.g., low fat, regular, creamy), as well as flavor (e.g., vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, etc.), mix-ins (e.g., almonds, pistachios, etc.) and amount (e.g., 1 scoop, 2 scoops, etc.), among other variables. Provision may also be made for selecting among is one or more formulations ("IZl ", "I~2", "R3 ", etc.) for the production.
Depressing a "Itun" button 24b starts the manufacturing process.
The display ~2 illustrates the product that will be manufactured. In most cases this will be as selected by the user, and the panel may provide confirmation of this, e.g., the message "~I~" may be displayed. In some cases, however, one ~r more choices of ao the user may be overridden, e.g., because they are incompatible with the particular in-gradients currently loaded into the machine, or with a particular process to be used, or because there are insufficient resources (ingredients) to fulfill the request.
In such a case, an indication of rejection of the selected choices may be displayed instead, and preferably the reasons for the rejection as well.
as As schematically illustrated in Fig. 7, the process actually used to manufacture a selected item is preferably controlled by three distinct inputs, namely, user inputs from the control panel 24, which specify, e.g., the nature ofthe desired product ("e.g., low fat vanilla"); the amount to be manufactured (e.g., "2 scoops") and desired mix-ins ("e.g., "nuts"); and unique control inputs associated with the ingredient containers 50; and so overall system inputs. A controller 100 receives these inputs from the respective _g_ sources, e.g., the control panel 24 in the case of user inputs; the containers 50 in the case of specific ingredient control inputs; and a system memory 102 which contains the manufacturing and control program and associated data. In particular, process con-trol inputs with respect to the ingredients are received directly from the containers for s these ingredients, thereby eliminating the chance for human error or malfeasance in setting the manufacturing process. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, memory 102 is implemented in the form of a hard disk, but obviously may take or in-clude other forms such as ROM, flashware, firmware, wired-in circuitry, etc.
Further, it will be understood that the memory 102 need not be a single memory but may ad-io vantageously be distributed among a number of memories of various to control the overall manufacturing process.
Responsive to these inputs, the controller 100 establishes within the machine the settings that will be used to produce the specific end product requested by the user, and the specific '6recipe'e by which it will be produced, thereby parliculari~ing tlae machine as for this particular product in this specific instance, but subject to overall constraints that may be imposed by the system memory and control. The controller is advantageously a general purpose digital computer which executes the program stored in memory responsive to the user inputs and to the ingredient c~ntrol inputs to set the appropriated temperatures pressures and other processing conditions ~f tlae operation. It will be un-ao derstood, ~f course, that special-purpose computers or other forms of controllers may be used as well.
It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the tag may, in fact, be physically dissociated from the ingredients whose processing is to be controlled, as long as the tag information is tracked in some manner to the product. For example, the as tag may in fact be shipped to the processing point with the container, but physically separate from it. Further, the tag or the information on it may be shipped or otherwise transmitted entirely separate from the container, as long as there is some indicia or other mechanism on the tag and the container that associates the two.
Preferably, how=
ever, the tag is encoded directly on the container as described in the preferred embodi-3o ment of the invention detailed herein.
_g_ In connection with the production (step 106) of a given product, it is desirable that statistics be kept (step 107) of the specific product manufactured, e.g., "low fat va-nilla with nut mix-ins", the quantity, the specific ingredients used (identified e.g., by serial number of their containers), and the amount of such ingredients used, among other items. These statistics not only enable the local operator to determine when a particular ingredient is running low and may need replenishment, but also enable broader control and coordination of the distribution process. To this end, some or all of the manufacturing of a particular machine may be transmitted to another location (step l OS) for a variety of purposes, including billing, test marketing, etc. The transmission io may be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, they may be accumulated and transmitted at periodic intervals by paper records, by recording on disk or tape, by transmission over wired or wireless communication channels or the like.
Further, they may be made available to interrogation by an authorised source, either remotely or lo-cally.
is The benefits to this approach to manufacturing are many. To begin with, it fa-cilitates integration into an ordered network of manufacturing stations or machines that may be distributed over a tide range of locations and operators. within this nete~tork, it enables the distributor to vary process parameters on an individual, regional, or sys-tem-wide basis e~,~ith~ut changing the fundamental structure of the manufacturing appa-20 ratus and without requiring local labor to modify the apparatus in any way.
F~r e~~am-ple, the distributor may determine that the tastes of consumers in a particular regi~n of the country is for a more heavily flavored, sweeter ice cream than that prevailing in other regions. Father than formulate flavorings of higher concentration and sweetness especially for those particular regions, and use local labor to make necessary alterations as in the manufacturing process to accommodate them, the distributor need merely modify the coding on the flavoring containers to reflect a formulation that uses a greater amount of the flavoring per unit volume or mass of ice cream that is processed for a serving.
Similarly, the distributor or others may easily and inexpensively test market dif so fering formulations in one or more regions or at one or more locations within a region in the same manner. Since no change in the underlying ingredients need be made, only changes in the formulation associated with those ingredients, no special inventory is required, and the speed of implementation can be greatly enhanced while the costs are simultaneously reduced. Further, since the local operators of the apparatus need not even be aware of the change in formulations, the test can truly be conducted "blind", and thus a more reliable assessment made as to the reception of the new "products", i.e.
new formulations. Of course, fundamental changes in the nature of the ingredients themselves may also be made and readily fitted into the manufacturing process by changing the formulations to accommodate the modified or new ingredients and/or by changing one or more steps in the process.
io Embedding "formulations" and other data defining some or all of the manufac-turfing process on a tag of a container for one or more ingredients of the process has the advantage of creating a direct and immediate association between the specific ingredi-ent and the machine in which it is to be processed. 'The person operating or servicing the machine need take no special steps to change or control the manufacturing process is other than to scan the container label on loading it into the machine. In the preferred embodiment described herein, the data that is included on the tag is preferably e~ten-sive, and may include, for example, one or more specifications of ingredients, amounts and concentrations of products to be used in the manufacturing process, as well as pro-cess parameters such a.s pr~ces~ing time, temperature, etc. W alternative appr~aeh ao merely embeds the serial number of the container on the tag carried on it.
'This serial number is keyed to a separate master formulation listing that is also provided to the lo-cal machine operator. The master may be provided to the operator in the form of a disk, a IZOI~t, or other means of conveniently conveying information. This information is loaded into the local machine and thereafter used in processing the particular unit of zs ingredient associated with the given serial number. The disadvantage of this approach, however, is that it requires additional, even if minimal, intervention by the operator.
An alternative which requires no such intervention is shown in Fig. 8. As shown, a plurality of machines 110x, 1 l Ob, 1 l Oc which are to prepare products on site to user taste are located remote from a control center or station 112. The control center so may be a plant at which ingredients for processing in the machines are made or pack-aged; may be a distribution center; or may simply be a control center independent of manufacturing and distributing operations. It is connected for communication with the various manufacturing machines 110 through a communications link which may be wired or wireless; one such mode of communication is through a network 114, such as the Internet, as illustrated schematically in Fig. 8. Containers 116a, 116b, 116c, etc. are shipped to the machines 110 for processing therein. The containers each carry a tag or label 118a, 118b, 118c, respectively, that identifies each one. For example, the label may simply be a serial number, e.g., "11435886" or other identifier by which the con-tainer may be designated. The serial number or other identifier may be unique to that particular container; or may be common to two or more containers.
io The control center 112 maintains a database 120 that associates each serial number 120a with a particular set of parameters or "formulation" 120b that defines at least in part the processing for ingredients associated with that serial number. Prefera-bly, it also contains a record of the locations to which the item bearing that serial num-ber had been shipped. At various times, the control source 112 transmits to the ma-ss chines 110 information from the database 120 that relates the serial number 120a of a unit or units of ingredient with the formulation or process parameters 120b for that unit or units. That information is stored in the machine for use in processing the particular unit bearing the particular serial number. V'~hen the control source maintains a record of the location to ~rzrhich a particular unit of ingredient hay been ;
hippecl, the informa-ao Lion as to that unit of ingredient need only be transmitted to the particular machine to which the unit has been shipped. otherwise, the information may be shipped to all ma-chines or at least to all machines which may have received a unit of ingredient covered by the information. Preferably, the time and circumstances of the information trans-mission is controlled by the source so that the local operator need not be involved. ~f zs course, provision may also be made for receiving user responses to the product being tested. These responses may be entered directly on the machine itself or on a separate data entry tablet. In either case, they may be transmitted directly to the control center at the time of entry or at a later time.
An advantage to this embodiment of the invention is that the "formulation" fox so processing the ingredient may be changed at will from the control source and with very little effort, simply by changing the appropriate items in the database and transmitting an updated record to the manufacturing site. Further, it may be changed with respect to one or more containers over the period of use of the container, i. e. while that container is at its end location and available for use, either while loaded in the machine which is to process it or while simply available from storage.
s Thus, it is possible that the processing of a single container of ingredient in a single machine may be established and changed at will and quite simply and economi-cally during the course of its use in order to satisfy such developments as improved formulations, changing seasons, desired market studies, etc. This can readily be done without local intervention or even knowledge, thus allowing tight control of the manu-io facturing and distribution process.
Information may also, of course, be transmitted in the reverse direction, i.e., from the local machines to the central control. Thus, an inventory of the volume of various ingredients in one or more machines, the amount and composition of product that has been ma.nf~.~actured and dispensed in the machines, the aging of the ingredients, is and other inf~rmati~n concerning the ingredients or the machines in ~rhich they are Lo-cated may be transmitted to the central control. The resultant data may be used for in-ventory control, for billing, for quality control, for testing, and for other purposes.
l~n alternative to a central control station may also be used, e.g., a portable data e~Acha,nge system which is brought tra or near the site of the various production appara ao tus. This approach may be useful, or even necessary, ~~~~here, for on a reason or another, it is not feasible to connect the production apparatus to a network of cane form or an-other. however, the portable system itself should ultimately transmit collected data, or portions thereof, to a central contreal and desirably may receive data from central con-trol.
25 From the foregoing it will be seen that I have described a method and apparatus for selectively controlling the manufacture of an individual item. The method and ap-paratus enable great flexibility in defining the manufacturing steps, physical processing parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), ingredients, and ingredient ratios, among other characteristics, while allowing tight control of the operations from a central so source if desired. By providing for direct reading of a container without requiring hu-man entry of information as to the container, its contents, or its processing, the present invention not only insures against human error in data entry, but also provides security against unauthorized changes in the information which is to control the manufacturing process.
The method and apparatus are applicable to a variety of products, but are par-ticularly well suited to the controlled production of products which are manufactured on-the-spot at least partially to individual taste or specification. It will be understood that the term "manufacturing" is used herein in the broadest sense, and includes proc-essing, compounding, mixing or otherwise operating on and with ingredients of all types, solid, liquid, or gaseous, to transform them from their original state.
Thus, it may also advantageously be applied to such other varied processes as mixing various io shades of paint to achieve a specific shade, compounding presecriptions for a particular patient9 compounding cosmetics, and other such applications.
What is claimed is:
BACKGROUND OF TIIE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The invention relates to dynamic process control, especially as applied to on-the-spot manufacture of food products, particularly frozen food products.
~c~ck~round Information The history of manufacture has been that of a progression from individual, lo-cal, hand-crafted preparation and construction to mass manufacture and distribution.
For most manufactures, the latter mode is generally characterized by substantial eco-nomic efficiency and thus has largely replaced the former. In some areas, such as food io preparation, individual preparation of an item to be served is still common although, even here, mass manufacture has made headway, and prepackaged foods such as frozen dinners have eliminated much or most of the individual preparation. while some food products such as meats, pastas, etc. still accommodate individual preparation and f1a-~yoring such ~.~ by the addition of spices, sauces, ~,nd the like, others such as ice cream, is yogurt, etc. are supplied in essentially the final flavored form, with little opportunity to adjust the underlying product itself to a particular taste.
Many branded food products are distributed to the end user through chains of restaurants, as well as through individual stands or kiosks, with final preparation done on site. Control of the uniformity of the end products is important, as is the ability to ao quickly introduce and control changes in the formulation of the product from time to time and even from place to place. This has been difficult to do on a broad basis.
In the field of frozen food products such as ice cream, yogurt, and the like, a significant change in the manufacture and distribution of such products is described in a series of patents issued to the present applicant: see, e.g., U.S. Patent No.
5,292,030 as issued March 8, 1994 to Paul I~ateman et al. for "Method and Apparatus For Producing _2_ and Dispensing Aerated Products". This series of patents describes the on-the-spot production of frozen food products such as ice cream , yogurt, and the like in individ-ual-sized servings of various flavors and with the option of additional mix-ins such as nuts, candies, etc. The present invention extends the capabilities of such methods and apparatus by enabling the controlled variation of the production process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTI~N
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to enhance the control of on-the-spot product manufacture of various products.
io Further, it is an object of the invention t~ enhance the control of on-the-spot manufacture of food products.
Mill a further object of the invention t~ enhance the control of on-the-spot manufacture of frozen food pr~ducia such as ice cream a,nd the like.
bet a further object of the invention is to enable the individual particularization is of the processes ~f on-the-spot manufacture of various pr~ducts to one or more of the specific product inputs.
~e°t another object of the invention is to facilitate localized and isolated changes in the formulation of pr~ducts manufactured on-the-spot.
zo BRIEF ~ESCRIFT'I~T'~1 F 'SHE BRAINS S
The invention description below refers to the accompanying drawings, of which:
Fig. 1 is a view in perspective of one embodiment of apparatus for on-the-spot manufacture of frozen food products such as ice cream, yogurt and the like;
zs Fig. 2 is a view in perspective of the interior of the apparatus of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 illustrates an example ingredient container encoded for particularized on-the-spot manufacturing;
Figs. 4A and 4B show illustrative dynamically adjustable parameters encoded in connection with ingredient containers in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. ~ is a flow diagram illustrating the manner in which the apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2 is particularized to the specific product inputs;
Fig. 6 shows an illustrative user control panel by which a user may select an item to be produced;
Fig. 7 is a block and line diagram illustrating operation of the apparatus of Figs.
1 and 2 to produce an individual serving of a product on the spot; and Fig. ~ is a block and line diagram of a central control system for controlling and io dynamically changing the processing of one or more ingredients of a product to be manufactured.
h~~~~11~T'~~~"
is In Fig. l, apparatus 10 for manufacturing on-the-spot an individual serving of a frozen food product such as ice cream, yogurt or the like comprises a hinged cabinet 12 having a dispensing station 14~ including a stand 16 for receiving a cup or other con-tainer for a product to be dispensed and a dispenser 1~ located above the stand. A dis-penning control panel 20 includes a, keypad 22 for selecting a product to be manfuac-zo tured on-the-spot and dispensed to the consumer, and a display 24 for indicating the selections made. For purposes of description, the product will be described as ice cream of various flavors and with or without mix-ins such as nuts, candles, and the like, although it will be understood that a variety of other products are emendable to similar manufacturing control . The keypad 24 enables the operator to select, for example, the zs particular flavor, the amount to be dispensed, and one or more mix-ins, as specified by a customer for whom an individual-sized serving is to be prepared.
Turning now to Fig. 2, the apparatus of Fig. 1 is shown with the front panel opened to expose the interior thereof. Receptacles 30, 32, 34 are provided in the appa-ratus 10 to receive containers of various ingredients from which the final product is to so be produced. For example, receptacle 30a may hold a container of a low-fat neutral base dairy mix from which end product ice cream or yogurt is to be produced, while receptacle 30b may hold a container of a higher-fat form of the base mix.
Receptacles 32a, 32b, 32c, etc. may hold containers of various flavorings, such as vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, etc. Receptacles 34a, 34b, 34c, etc. may hold containers of mix-ins, such as nuts, candies, etc. Preferably, each receptacle carries an indicator tag, such as tag 36 on receptacle 30a, that identifies it to the production process, as explained in more detail below.
The receptacles are connected to provide their contents to a formulator 40 which mixes the ingredients and otherwise processes them to form the end product in the de-co sired amount, and then dispenses them through dispensing head 14. An example of an appropriate formulator by means of which the end product may be manufactured and dispensed is described in the copending patent application of Paul I~ateman et al., Ser.
I~To. 10/160,674, filed July 31, 2002 entitled "le~ethod and Apparatus For Producing and Dispensing An Aerated And/~r Mended Food Product" and assigned to the assignee of is the present invention; the contents of that application are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Fig. 3 illustrates an example ingredient container for loading into one of the re-ceptacles of Fig. 2 and encoded for particularised on-the-spot manufacturing.
~on-tainer ~0 may, for exsample, be structured tea hold a neutral base mi~~ for producing indi-go victual servings of ice cream and, for this purpose, may enclose an inner flexible pouch 52 having a connector 54~ for feeding its contents to the formulator 4~0. The latter proc-esses the various ingredients to produce the finished product which is dispensed to the user. The construction of one such formulator is set forth in I1. ~. Patent Application Serial I~To. 10/160,674 referred to above.
as In accordance with one part of the present invention, the container carries a tag 56 in a suitable location, preferably the exterior thereof, which bears, inter alia, infor-mation ("process information") defining the manner in which the contents may be proc-essed. As illustrated in Fig. 4A, the tag may be encoded with a serial number identify-ing the specific container or a group of particular containers; an ingredient type desig-so nator, indicating, for example, that the container contains "base mix, low fat content" or "flavoring, vanilla"; an expiration date, after which the ingredient should not be used;
the amount of ingredient (e.g., volume, weight, etc.); a display name for viewing by the operator; and, most importantly, one or more "formulations", as exemplified in Fig. 4B, defining appropriate processing for the ingredient.
s The formulations are, of course, specific to the product being manufactured and the process by which they are being manfuactured. Further, the formulations may specify the physical process conditions (e.g., time, temperature, pressure, etc.) under which the ingredient, or product formulated using that ingredient, is to be used, and may also specify the proportions of the ingredient to be used with other ingredients.
io Thus, in the case of ice cream that is manufactured in accordance with patent applica-tion Ser. lVo. 10/160,674 noted above, as shown in Fig. 4B the formulation associated with a particular ingredient may define the type and amount of other ingredients that are desirable or permissible for use with the ingredient in question, as well as some or all of the physical processing conditions and the processing steps to be followed.
is For example, a container of a low-fat neutral base mix for ice cream may spec-ify the identity and concentration of flavorings that are appropriate or permitted for use with that particular base (e.g., "Flavoring #1: 0.03 0~/0~"; "Flavoring #2:
0.025 0~/0~";
etc.); the type and amount of mix-ins (e.g., "~hx-In ~1: 0.3 0~/0~"; "l~l~i~~-In #2: 0.27 or/~~", etc.); the length of time during which the ingredients are to be subjected to one zo or more of the process steps (e.g., "Freezing Duration: 90 seconds";
"Aeration Dura-tion: 60 seconds"); and the aeration pressure (e.g., "Aeration Pressure: 20 psi"). ~ther types of ingredients may specify different formulations appropriate to that ingredient.
It will be understood that other parameters may be included in the formulation and that, conversely, one or more of the above parameters may be omitted.
zs The process information may be encoded on the container tags in a variety of manners, including optically readable strips; magnetically readable strips;
and elec-tronically readable constructs such as memory sticks and chips containing other active or passive electric or electronic circuits, to mention just a few. In the embodiment of the invention described specifically herein, it is encoded in optically scannable bar so code. The tags may thus simply comprise printed areas on the container or may com-prise labels or even electric circuits affixed to, or otherwise associated with, the con-tainer and encoding the desired information therein.
Referring again to Fig. 2, a control panel 60 is mounted on the inside of front panel 12. The control panel 60 includes a keypad 60a and a display panel 60b.
A
s hand-held scanner 62 is removably mounted on the inside of front panel 12, and is con-nected to control panel 60 to provide data input thereto. With the apparatus 10 open as indicated, an operator charges the apparatus with ingredients by loading containers such as container SO into receptacles such as receptacles 30, 32, 34. As noted above, the re-ceptacles are preferably particularized to the type of ingredient to be loaded, i.e., base io mix, flavoring, mix-in, ate. In the process of loading an ingredient, the operator scans both the tag 36 of the receptacle and the tag 56 of the ingredient container.
Scanning the former identifies to the system controller the specific receptacle into which the in-gredient is being loaded, and thus enables the system to extract a desired ingredient during product processing. Scanning the latter identifies to the system the specific in-is gradient which is being loaded and enables the system to verify that a given ingredient is loaded into an appropriate receptacle; it also loads into the system the particular processing parameters and other data either set forth on, or associated with, the tag 56.
A particular container may be one that is being los.ded into the apparatus 10 for the first time or it may be one that has previously been loaded into the apparatus but ao subsequently removed therefrom, e.g., for system maintenance. Thus (see Fig. 5) re-sponsive to scanner data input from a container, the controller reads the container iden-tification number (step 70) and examines its process memory to determine whether the particular container has previously been loaded into the apparatus (step 72).
If it has previously been loaded, the system retrieves the volume of the container in its current zs state ("the current volume", step 74) and uses this in controlling production operations.
The "current volume" is the volume calculated during prior use of the particular con-tainer in the apparatus and stored on removing the container from the apparatus, as de-scribed in further detail below. If, on the other hand, the container is being installed for the first time, the initial container volume is stored in process memory (step 76). This so initial volume may be that contained on the container tag itself, or it may be a known value for the particular type of container (e.g., base mix). The expiration date is then _7_ stored in process memory (step 78), and a determination is made as to whether a for-mulation for the particular ingredient is contained on the tag or is otherwise provided in connection with it (step 80). If one or more formulations are specified, it is retrieved from the scanner input data stream and stored in process memory (step 82). The proc-ess is repeated (step 84) fox each additional formulation that is input.
Conversely, if no specific formulation associated with the particular container is input or otherwise is provided, a default formulation for the given ingredient is used (step 86).
~nce the data associated with the various ingredient containers is loaded into the system, and the system is brought to operating temperature, preparation of a desired io end product may proceed. As illustrated in Fig. 6, dispensing control panel 20 has a number of selector buttons 24a for choosing a desired item (e.g. yogurt, ice cream, etc.) and its grade (e.g., low fat, regular, creamy), as well as flavor (e.g., vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, etc.), mix-ins (e.g., almonds, pistachios, etc.) and amount (e.g., 1 scoop, 2 scoops, etc.), among other variables. Provision may also be made for selecting among is one or more formulations ("IZl ", "I~2", "R3 ", etc.) for the production.
Depressing a "Itun" button 24b starts the manufacturing process.
The display ~2 illustrates the product that will be manufactured. In most cases this will be as selected by the user, and the panel may provide confirmation of this, e.g., the message "~I~" may be displayed. In some cases, however, one ~r more choices of ao the user may be overridden, e.g., because they are incompatible with the particular in-gradients currently loaded into the machine, or with a particular process to be used, or because there are insufficient resources (ingredients) to fulfill the request.
In such a case, an indication of rejection of the selected choices may be displayed instead, and preferably the reasons for the rejection as well.
as As schematically illustrated in Fig. 7, the process actually used to manufacture a selected item is preferably controlled by three distinct inputs, namely, user inputs from the control panel 24, which specify, e.g., the nature ofthe desired product ("e.g., low fat vanilla"); the amount to be manufactured (e.g., "2 scoops") and desired mix-ins ("e.g., "nuts"); and unique control inputs associated with the ingredient containers 50; and so overall system inputs. A controller 100 receives these inputs from the respective _g_ sources, e.g., the control panel 24 in the case of user inputs; the containers 50 in the case of specific ingredient control inputs; and a system memory 102 which contains the manufacturing and control program and associated data. In particular, process con-trol inputs with respect to the ingredients are received directly from the containers for s these ingredients, thereby eliminating the chance for human error or malfeasance in setting the manufacturing process. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, memory 102 is implemented in the form of a hard disk, but obviously may take or in-clude other forms such as ROM, flashware, firmware, wired-in circuitry, etc.
Further, it will be understood that the memory 102 need not be a single memory but may ad-io vantageously be distributed among a number of memories of various to control the overall manufacturing process.
Responsive to these inputs, the controller 100 establishes within the machine the settings that will be used to produce the specific end product requested by the user, and the specific '6recipe'e by which it will be produced, thereby parliculari~ing tlae machine as for this particular product in this specific instance, but subject to overall constraints that may be imposed by the system memory and control. The controller is advantageously a general purpose digital computer which executes the program stored in memory responsive to the user inputs and to the ingredient c~ntrol inputs to set the appropriated temperatures pressures and other processing conditions ~f tlae operation. It will be un-ao derstood, ~f course, that special-purpose computers or other forms of controllers may be used as well.
It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the tag may, in fact, be physically dissociated from the ingredients whose processing is to be controlled, as long as the tag information is tracked in some manner to the product. For example, the as tag may in fact be shipped to the processing point with the container, but physically separate from it. Further, the tag or the information on it may be shipped or otherwise transmitted entirely separate from the container, as long as there is some indicia or other mechanism on the tag and the container that associates the two.
Preferably, how=
ever, the tag is encoded directly on the container as described in the preferred embodi-3o ment of the invention detailed herein.
_g_ In connection with the production (step 106) of a given product, it is desirable that statistics be kept (step 107) of the specific product manufactured, e.g., "low fat va-nilla with nut mix-ins", the quantity, the specific ingredients used (identified e.g., by serial number of their containers), and the amount of such ingredients used, among other items. These statistics not only enable the local operator to determine when a particular ingredient is running low and may need replenishment, but also enable broader control and coordination of the distribution process. To this end, some or all of the manufacturing of a particular machine may be transmitted to another location (step l OS) for a variety of purposes, including billing, test marketing, etc. The transmission io may be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, they may be accumulated and transmitted at periodic intervals by paper records, by recording on disk or tape, by transmission over wired or wireless communication channels or the like.
Further, they may be made available to interrogation by an authorised source, either remotely or lo-cally.
is The benefits to this approach to manufacturing are many. To begin with, it fa-cilitates integration into an ordered network of manufacturing stations or machines that may be distributed over a tide range of locations and operators. within this nete~tork, it enables the distributor to vary process parameters on an individual, regional, or sys-tem-wide basis e~,~ith~ut changing the fundamental structure of the manufacturing appa-20 ratus and without requiring local labor to modify the apparatus in any way.
F~r e~~am-ple, the distributor may determine that the tastes of consumers in a particular regi~n of the country is for a more heavily flavored, sweeter ice cream than that prevailing in other regions. Father than formulate flavorings of higher concentration and sweetness especially for those particular regions, and use local labor to make necessary alterations as in the manufacturing process to accommodate them, the distributor need merely modify the coding on the flavoring containers to reflect a formulation that uses a greater amount of the flavoring per unit volume or mass of ice cream that is processed for a serving.
Similarly, the distributor or others may easily and inexpensively test market dif so fering formulations in one or more regions or at one or more locations within a region in the same manner. Since no change in the underlying ingredients need be made, only changes in the formulation associated with those ingredients, no special inventory is required, and the speed of implementation can be greatly enhanced while the costs are simultaneously reduced. Further, since the local operators of the apparatus need not even be aware of the change in formulations, the test can truly be conducted "blind", and thus a more reliable assessment made as to the reception of the new "products", i.e.
new formulations. Of course, fundamental changes in the nature of the ingredients themselves may also be made and readily fitted into the manufacturing process by changing the formulations to accommodate the modified or new ingredients and/or by changing one or more steps in the process.
io Embedding "formulations" and other data defining some or all of the manufac-turfing process on a tag of a container for one or more ingredients of the process has the advantage of creating a direct and immediate association between the specific ingredi-ent and the machine in which it is to be processed. 'The person operating or servicing the machine need take no special steps to change or control the manufacturing process is other than to scan the container label on loading it into the machine. In the preferred embodiment described herein, the data that is included on the tag is preferably e~ten-sive, and may include, for example, one or more specifications of ingredients, amounts and concentrations of products to be used in the manufacturing process, as well as pro-cess parameters such a.s pr~ces~ing time, temperature, etc. W alternative appr~aeh ao merely embeds the serial number of the container on the tag carried on it.
'This serial number is keyed to a separate master formulation listing that is also provided to the lo-cal machine operator. The master may be provided to the operator in the form of a disk, a IZOI~t, or other means of conveniently conveying information. This information is loaded into the local machine and thereafter used in processing the particular unit of zs ingredient associated with the given serial number. The disadvantage of this approach, however, is that it requires additional, even if minimal, intervention by the operator.
An alternative which requires no such intervention is shown in Fig. 8. As shown, a plurality of machines 110x, 1 l Ob, 1 l Oc which are to prepare products on site to user taste are located remote from a control center or station 112. The control center so may be a plant at which ingredients for processing in the machines are made or pack-aged; may be a distribution center; or may simply be a control center independent of manufacturing and distributing operations. It is connected for communication with the various manufacturing machines 110 through a communications link which may be wired or wireless; one such mode of communication is through a network 114, such as the Internet, as illustrated schematically in Fig. 8. Containers 116a, 116b, 116c, etc. are shipped to the machines 110 for processing therein. The containers each carry a tag or label 118a, 118b, 118c, respectively, that identifies each one. For example, the label may simply be a serial number, e.g., "11435886" or other identifier by which the con-tainer may be designated. The serial number or other identifier may be unique to that particular container; or may be common to two or more containers.
io The control center 112 maintains a database 120 that associates each serial number 120a with a particular set of parameters or "formulation" 120b that defines at least in part the processing for ingredients associated with that serial number. Prefera-bly, it also contains a record of the locations to which the item bearing that serial num-ber had been shipped. At various times, the control source 112 transmits to the ma-ss chines 110 information from the database 120 that relates the serial number 120a of a unit or units of ingredient with the formulation or process parameters 120b for that unit or units. That information is stored in the machine for use in processing the particular unit bearing the particular serial number. V'~hen the control source maintains a record of the location to ~rzrhich a particular unit of ingredient hay been ;
hippecl, the informa-ao Lion as to that unit of ingredient need only be transmitted to the particular machine to which the unit has been shipped. otherwise, the information may be shipped to all ma-chines or at least to all machines which may have received a unit of ingredient covered by the information. Preferably, the time and circumstances of the information trans-mission is controlled by the source so that the local operator need not be involved. ~f zs course, provision may also be made for receiving user responses to the product being tested. These responses may be entered directly on the machine itself or on a separate data entry tablet. In either case, they may be transmitted directly to the control center at the time of entry or at a later time.
An advantage to this embodiment of the invention is that the "formulation" fox so processing the ingredient may be changed at will from the control source and with very little effort, simply by changing the appropriate items in the database and transmitting an updated record to the manufacturing site. Further, it may be changed with respect to one or more containers over the period of use of the container, i. e. while that container is at its end location and available for use, either while loaded in the machine which is to process it or while simply available from storage.
s Thus, it is possible that the processing of a single container of ingredient in a single machine may be established and changed at will and quite simply and economi-cally during the course of its use in order to satisfy such developments as improved formulations, changing seasons, desired market studies, etc. This can readily be done without local intervention or even knowledge, thus allowing tight control of the manu-io facturing and distribution process.
Information may also, of course, be transmitted in the reverse direction, i.e., from the local machines to the central control. Thus, an inventory of the volume of various ingredients in one or more machines, the amount and composition of product that has been ma.nf~.~actured and dispensed in the machines, the aging of the ingredients, is and other inf~rmati~n concerning the ingredients or the machines in ~rhich they are Lo-cated may be transmitted to the central control. The resultant data may be used for in-ventory control, for billing, for quality control, for testing, and for other purposes.
l~n alternative to a central control station may also be used, e.g., a portable data e~Acha,nge system which is brought tra or near the site of the various production appara ao tus. This approach may be useful, or even necessary, ~~~~here, for on a reason or another, it is not feasible to connect the production apparatus to a network of cane form or an-other. however, the portable system itself should ultimately transmit collected data, or portions thereof, to a central contreal and desirably may receive data from central con-trol.
25 From the foregoing it will be seen that I have described a method and apparatus for selectively controlling the manufacture of an individual item. The method and ap-paratus enable great flexibility in defining the manufacturing steps, physical processing parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), ingredients, and ingredient ratios, among other characteristics, while allowing tight control of the operations from a central so source if desired. By providing for direct reading of a container without requiring hu-man entry of information as to the container, its contents, or its processing, the present invention not only insures against human error in data entry, but also provides security against unauthorized changes in the information which is to control the manufacturing process.
The method and apparatus are applicable to a variety of products, but are par-ticularly well suited to the controlled production of products which are manufactured on-the-spot at least partially to individual taste or specification. It will be understood that the term "manufacturing" is used herein in the broadest sense, and includes proc-essing, compounding, mixing or otherwise operating on and with ingredients of all types, solid, liquid, or gaseous, to transform them from their original state.
Thus, it may also advantageously be applied to such other varied processes as mixing various io shades of paint to achieve a specific shade, compounding presecriptions for a particular patient9 compounding cosmetics, and other such applications.
What is claimed is:
Claims (46)
1. Apparatus for controlling the processing of an ingredient of a manufactured product, comprising a container for the ingredient and a tag associated with the con-tainer and specifying at least one parameter for controlling the processing of said ingre-dient.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said tag directly specifies a plural-ity of parameters for controlling said processing.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said tag indirectly specifies a plu-rality of parameters for controlling said processing.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said process comprises a food manufacturing process.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said process comprises a process for manufacturing a frozen food in an individual-sized serving to a consumer essen-tially contemporaneous with the request for such serving by the consumer.
6. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said tag comprises a scannable data source for setting the processing of a machine into which said container is loaded for producing said product.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6 in which said process comprises a process for manufacturing a frozen food in an individual-sized serving to a consumer essen-tially contemporaneous with the request for such serving by the consumer.
8. Apparatus according to claim 1 which includes a communications link to a control station for exchanging with said station information specific to the contents of said container.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8 in which said link carries from said control to a machine in which said container is to be processed information specific to said container for controlling the processing of the contents of said container.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9 in which said information is changeable over the period of use or storage of said container so that the contents of said container can be subject to different formulations as said contents are used.
11. Apparatus according to claim 8 in which said link carries to said control from a machine in which said container is to be processed information specific to said container and its processing by said machine.
12. Apparatus according to claim 8 in which said communications link includes a communications network
13. Apparatus according to claim 8 in which said network comprises the inter-net.
14. A method for controlling the manufacture of a product that is processed on the spot to a desired overall specification, comprising encoding a container containing an ingredient for said product with information associated with a formulation to be used in producing said product.
15. A method according to claim 14 in which said encoding is embedded in a tag on said container.
16. A method according to claim 15 in which said encoding is imprinted on said container.
17. A method according to claim 15 in which said encoding is in the form of optically readable characters.
18. A method according to claim 15 in which said encoding is in the form of magnetically readable characters.
19. A method according to claim 14 in which said product comprises a neutral base product.
20. A method according to claim 19 in which said product comprises a dairy product.
21. A method according to claim 12 in which said product comprises ice cream.
22. A method according to claim 14 in which said information comprises in-formation describing a formulation for said product.
23. A method according to claim 14 in which said information comprises in-formation describing a formulation in which said ingredient is used.
24. A method according to claim 14 in which said information comprises in-formation describing proportions of such ingredient to be used with other ingredients in producing said product.
25. A method according to claim 14 in which said information comprises in-formation describing physical processing conditions for such ingredient to be used in producing said product.
26. A method according to claim 14 which includes the step of exchanging with a control unit information related to processing said product.
27. A method according to claim 26 in which said control unit supplies to a machine in which said product is processed one or more formulations for said product.
28. A method according to claim 26 in which said control unit receives from a machine in which said product is processed information concerning the manufacture of said product.
29. A method according to claim 28 in which said information comprises in-formation concerning the amount of an ingredient that has been consumed:
30. A method according to claim 28 in which said information comprises in-formation concerning the amount of an ingredient that remains unconsumed.
31. Apparatus for controlling the processing of an ingredient of a product to be manufactured, comprising A. a central station having a database associated therewith for specifying at least one parameter that specifies the manufacture of an article at one or more manu-facturing stations, said database including information identifying processing parame-ters associated with specific containers of ingredients to be processed; and B. a transmission link connecting said central station with a plurality of remote manufacturing stations, said link being operable to transmit to one or more of said manufacturing stations information from said database to control the processing of one or more ingredients of the product being manufactured.
32. Apparatus according to claim 31 in which each said manufacturing station includes a reader that extract from tags associated with at least some of said containers information concerning the processing to which the contained ingredient is to undergo.
33. Apparatus according to claim 32 in which said tag supplies information concerning the processing of said ingredient by said machine.
34. Apparatus according to claim 32 in which said information comprises at least some of the processing parameters of the process to be applied to said ingredient.
35. Apparatus according to claim 32 in which said information comprises a pointer to a specification for the processing of said ingredient.
36. Apparatus according to claim 32 in which said tag comprises an optically scannable bar code.
37. Apparatus according to claim 32 in which said tag comprises an electroni-tally scannable strip.
38. Apparatus according to claim 2 in which said tag comprises an electroni-tally readable chip.
39. Apparatus for controlling the processing of an ingredient of a finished producte comprising a machine having a controller directly responsive to external con-trol inputs encoded on at least one of the containers of ingredients supplied to said ma-chine to thereby form an end product at least partially in accordance with said control inputs.
40. Apparatus according to claim 39 in which said encoding is supplied in the form of a tag on said container.
41. Apparatus according to claim 40 in which said tag supplies information concerning the processing of said ingredient by said machine.
42. Apparatus according to claim 41 in which said information comprises at least some of the processing parameters of the process to be applied to said ingredient.
43. Apparatus according to claim 41 in which said information comprises a pointer to a specification for the processing of said ingredient.
44. Apparatus according to claim 41 in which said tag comprises an optically scannable bar code.
45. Apparatus according to claim 41 in which said tag comprises an electroni-cally scannable strip.
46. Apparatus according to claim 39 in which said controller includes a master program for processing ingredients supplied to said machine, said program receiving at least one control input from said ingredient container to specifically define the proc-essing of said ingredient.
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| US10/359,834 | 2003-02-07 | ||
| PCT/US2004/003021 WO2004072913A2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2004-02-03 | Dynamic process control |
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| CA002515188A Abandoned CA2515188A1 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2004-02-03 | Dynamic process control |
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| JP (1) | JP2006517707A (en) |
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| US8162176B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2012-04-24 | The Coca-Cola Company | Method and apparatuses for providing a selectable beverage |
| US10631558B2 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2020-04-28 | The Coca-Cola Company | Methods and apparatuses for making compositions comprising an acid and an acid degradable component and/or compositions comprising a plurality of selectable components |
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| US6907741B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2005-06-21 | Moobella, Llc | Dynamic process control |
| US7908871B2 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2011-03-22 | Moobella, Inc. | Systems and methods for dispensing product |
| US20060003065A1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | Kateman Paul R | Dry-base aerated food product dispensing method and apparatus |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10631558B2 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2020-04-28 | The Coca-Cola Company | Methods and apparatuses for making compositions comprising an acid and an acid degradable component and/or compositions comprising a plurality of selectable components |
| US10631560B2 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2020-04-28 | The Coca-Cola Company | Methods and apparatuses for making compositions comprising an acid and an acid degradable component and/or compositions comprising a plurality of selectable components |
| US8162176B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2012-04-24 | The Coca-Cola Company | Method and apparatuses for providing a selectable beverage |
| US8434642B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2013-05-07 | The Coca-Cola Company | Method and apparatus for providing a selectable beverage |
| US8814000B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2014-08-26 | The Coca-Cola Company | Method and apparatuses for providing a selectable beverage |
| US10046959B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2018-08-14 | The Coca-Cola Company | Method and apparatuses for providing a selectable beverage |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1754192B (en) | 2011-04-13 |
| US7640755B1 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
| WO2004072913A3 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
| JP2006517707A (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| US20040154316A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
| US6907741B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 |
| CN1754192A (en) | 2006-03-29 |
| MXPA05008325A (en) | 2006-02-28 |
| EP1590776A2 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
| BRPI0407281A (en) | 2006-01-31 |
| WO2004072913A2 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20131114 |