CA2515634A1 - Bichromal balls - Google Patents
Bichromal balls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2515634A1 CA2515634A1 CA002515634A CA2515634A CA2515634A1 CA 2515634 A1 CA2515634 A1 CA 2515634A1 CA 002515634 A CA002515634 A CA 002515634A CA 2515634 A CA2515634 A CA 2515634A CA 2515634 A1 CA2515634 A1 CA 2515634A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wax
- bichromal balls
- polyalkylene
- providing
- purified
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/37—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements
- G09F9/372—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements the positions of the elements being controlled by the application of an electric field
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
- G02B26/026—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light based on the rotation of particles under the influence of an external field, e.g. gyricons, twisting ball displays
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/14—Layer or component removable to expose adhesive
- Y10T428/1405—Capsule or particulate matter containing [e.g., sphere, flake, microballoon, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
Abstract
Disclosed is a technique for producing bichromal balls that are adapted for use in high temperature applications. The bichromal balls find particular application in signs and display devices that can be used in environments in which the temperature exceeds 40°C.
Claims (23)
1. A process for forming bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications, said process comprising:
providing a polyalkylene wax;
providing an organic solvent;
extracting said polyalkylene wax with said organic solvent at an elevated temperature of from about 60°C to about 100°C to yield a purified polyalkylene wax; and forming said bichromal balls from said purified polyalkylene wax, to thereby produce said bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications.
providing a polyalkylene wax;
providing an organic solvent;
extracting said polyalkylene wax with said organic solvent at an elevated temperature of from about 60°C to about 100°C to yield a purified polyalkylene wax; and forming said bichromal balls from said purified polyalkylene wax, to thereby produce said bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein said polyalkylene wax is a polyethylene wax.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein said organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of halogenated hydrocarbons aromatic hydrocarbons, and aliphatic hydrocarbons comprising of linear or branched carbon chains with carbon numbers from 8 to 20.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein said organic solvent is an isoparaffinic solvent.
5. The process of claim 2, wherein said polyethylene wax has a melting point of about 100°C to about 150°C.
6. The process of claim 2, wherein said polyethylene wax has a melting point of from about 113°C to about 126°C.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein said extraction is performed a number of times, said number selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 times.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein said extraction decreases the molecular weight distribution or decreases the polydispersity index of the polyalkylene wax.
9. The process of claim 1, wherein said extraction is performed at a temperature of about 80°C.
10. The process of claim 1, wherein the forming of the bichromal balls from said purified polyalkylene wax includes:
mixing said purified polyalkylene wax with a first pigment to produce a first wax material;
mixing said purified polyalkylene wax with a second pigment to produce a second wax material;
heating said first wax material to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of said first wax material;
heating said second wax material to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of said second wax material;
depositing said heated first wax material and said second wax material onto a spinning disk to produce bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications.
mixing said purified polyalkylene wax with a first pigment to produce a first wax material;
mixing said purified polyalkylene wax with a second pigment to produce a second wax material;
heating said first wax material to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of said first wax material;
heating said second wax material to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of said second wax material;
depositing said heated first wax material and said second wax material onto a spinning disk to produce bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications.
11. The process of claim 10, further comprising:
providing a silicone fluid;
providing a shell material;
encapsulating said bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications dispersed in said silicone oil within a shell of said shell material.
providing a silicone fluid;
providing a shell material;
encapsulating said bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications dispersed in said silicone oil within a shell of said shell material.
12. A process for forming bichromal balls adapted for display applications at temperatures greater then 40°C, said process comprising:
providing a polyethylene wax having a molecular weight distribution of about 200 to about 3000;
providing an isoparaffin solvent;
extracting said polyethylene wax with said isoparaffin solvent to remove a fraction of said polyethylene wax from a remaining purified portion of said polyethylene wax, said fraction having an average molecular weight of less than 700; and forming bichromal balls adapted for display applications at temperatures greater than 40°C from said purified portion of said polyethylene wax.
providing a polyethylene wax having a molecular weight distribution of about 200 to about 3000;
providing an isoparaffin solvent;
extracting said polyethylene wax with said isoparaffin solvent to remove a fraction of said polyethylene wax from a remaining purified portion of said polyethylene wax, said fraction having an average molecular weight of less than 700; and forming bichromal balls adapted for display applications at temperatures greater than 40°C from said purified portion of said polyethylene wax.
13. The process of claim 12, wherein said polyethylene wax has a melting point of about 100°C to about 150°C.
14. The process of claim 12, wherein said polyethylene wax has a melting point of from about 113°C to about 126°C.
15. The process of claim 12, wherein said extraction is performed a number of times, said number selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 times.
16. The process of claim 12, wherein said extraction is performed at an elevated temperature.
17. The process of claim 12, wherein said extraction is performed at a temperature of about 80°C.
18. The process of claim 12, wherein said forming of the bichromal balls from said purified polyalkylene wax, includes:
mixing said purified polyalkylene wax with a first pigment to produce a first wax material;
mixing said purified polyalkylene wax with a second pigment to produce a second wax material;
heating said first wax material to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of said first wax material;
heating said second wax material to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of said second wax material;
depositing said heated first wax material and said second wax material onto a spinning disk to produce bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications.
mixing said purified polyalkylene wax with a first pigment to produce a first wax material;
mixing said purified polyalkylene wax with a second pigment to produce a second wax material;
heating said first wax material to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of said first wax material;
heating said second wax material to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of said second wax material;
depositing said heated first wax material and said second wax material onto a spinning disk to produce bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications.
19. The process of claim 18 further comprising:
providing a silicone fluid;
providing a shell material;
encapsulating said bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications dispersed in said silicone oil within a shell of said shell material.
providing a silicone fluid;
providing a shell material;
encapsulating said bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications dispersed in said silicone oil within a shell of said shell material.
20. The bichromal balls produced by the process of claim 1.
21. The bichromal balls produced by the process of claim 12
22. A process for forming bichromal balls adapted for use in displays at temperatures greater than 40°C, said process comprising:
providing a blend of polyalkylene waxes having a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 3,000;
adding an isoparaffin solvent to the polyalkylene waxes to form a mixture;
heating the mixture to a temperature greater than about 80°C;
filtering the heated mixture and removing the filtrate from the waxy solid having a molecular weight of from about 700 to about 3,000; and forming said bichromal balls from said waxy solid, to thereby produce said bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications.
providing a blend of polyalkylene waxes having a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 3,000;
adding an isoparaffin solvent to the polyalkylene waxes to form a mixture;
heating the mixture to a temperature greater than about 80°C;
filtering the heated mixture and removing the filtrate from the waxy solid having a molecular weight of from about 700 to about 3,000; and forming said bichromal balls from said waxy solid, to thereby produce said bichromal balls adapted for use in high temperature applications.
23. The process of claim 22, wherein said filtrate contains polyalkylene wax having a molecular weight of from about 300 to about 700.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/919,814 | 2004-08-17 | ||
| US10/919,814 US7541060B2 (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2004-08-17 | Bichromal balls |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2515634A1 true CA2515634A1 (en) | 2006-02-17 |
| CA2515634C CA2515634C (en) | 2010-11-09 |
Family
ID=35874823
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2515634A Expired - Fee Related CA2515634C (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-10 | Bichromal balls |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7541060B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2515634C (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060257495A1 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-16 | Xerox Corporation | Method of purification of polyalkylene materials |
| US20060257438A1 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-16 | Xerox Corporation | Polyalkylene materials |
| US7950914B2 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2011-05-31 | Smith International, Inc. | Braze or solder reinforced Moineau stator |
| US7878774B2 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2011-02-01 | Smith International, Inc. | Moineau stator including a skeletal reinforcement |
| CN101628179B (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2012-09-19 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Toy black eyeball and toy eyeball with same |
| EP2495602A1 (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2012-09-05 | Thomson Licensing | Autostereoscopic display and method for operating the same |
| US9967546B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 | 2018-05-08 | Vefxi Corporation | Method and apparatus for converting 2D-images and videos to 3D for consumer, commercial and professional applications |
| US20150116458A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 | 2015-04-30 | Barkatech Consulting, LLC | Method and apparatus for generating enhanced 3d-effects for real-time and offline appplications |
| US10158847B2 (en) | 2014-06-19 | 2018-12-18 | Vefxi Corporation | Real—time stereo 3D and autostereoscopic 3D video and image editing |
| WO2019195685A1 (en) * | 2018-04-05 | 2019-10-10 | Newtonoid Technologies, L.L.C. | Thin-walled changing displays |
| CN109166461B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2022-02-22 | 广州国显科技有限公司 | Display panel, manufacturing method thereof and display device |
| US11912055B2 (en) | 2022-04-05 | 2024-02-27 | Xerox Corporation | Method and system for printing variable images |
Family Cites Families (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3586645A (en) * | 1964-08-20 | 1971-06-22 | Syndetic Research Associates I | Thermoplastic cellular material frocesses and products |
| US4143103A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1979-03-06 | Xerox Corporation | Method of making a twisting ball panel display |
| US4126854A (en) | 1976-05-05 | 1978-11-21 | Xerox Corporation | Twisting ball panel display |
| CA2027440C (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1995-07-04 | Nicholas K. Sheridon | Paper-like computer output display and scanning system therefor |
| JP3164919B2 (en) | 1991-10-29 | 2001-05-14 | ゼロックス コーポレーション | Method of forming dichroic balls |
| US5262098A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1993-11-16 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for fabricating bichromal balls for a twisting ball display |
| US5342567A (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1994-08-30 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Process for producing high tenacity and high modulus polyethylene fibers |
| US5604027A (en) | 1995-01-03 | 1997-02-18 | Xerox Corporation | Some uses of microencapsulation for electric paper |
| JP3447855B2 (en) | 1995-08-02 | 2003-09-16 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Garnet magnetic thin film chip for magnetostatic wave device and magnetostatic wave device |
| US5739801A (en) | 1995-12-15 | 1998-04-14 | Xerox Corporation | Multithreshold addressing of a twisting ball display |
| US5717514A (en) | 1995-12-15 | 1998-02-10 | Xerox Corporation | Polychromal segmented balls for a twisting ball display |
| US5708525A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1998-01-13 | Xerox Corporation | Applications of a transmissive twisting ball display |
| US5754332A (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1998-05-19 | Xerox Corporation | Monolayer gyricon display |
| US6428868B1 (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 2002-08-06 | Xerox Corporation | Twisting-cylinder display |
| US5825529A (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1998-10-20 | Xerox Corporation | Gyricon display with no elastomer substrate |
| US5815306A (en) | 1996-12-24 | 1998-09-29 | Xerox Corporation | "Eggcrate" substrate for a twisting ball display |
| US5929652A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-07-27 | Midwest Research Institute | Apparatus for measuring minority carrier lifetimes in semiconductor materials |
| US6914137B2 (en) * | 1997-12-06 | 2005-07-05 | Dna Research Innovations Limited | Isolation of nucleic acids |
| US5900192A (en) | 1998-01-09 | 1999-05-04 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for fabricating very small two-color balls for a twisting ball display |
| US5976428A (en) | 1998-01-09 | 1999-11-02 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling formation of two-color balls for a twisting ball display |
| US6054071A (en) | 1998-01-28 | 2000-04-25 | Xerox Corporation | Poled electrets for gyricon-based electric-paper displays |
| US5989629A (en) | 1998-03-05 | 1999-11-23 | Xerox Corporation | Bichromal spheres |
| US6235395B1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2001-05-22 | Xerox Corporation | Flexible displays comprising spheres encapsulated within a wax |
| EP0961175B1 (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2006-01-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner having negative triboelectric chargeability and image forming method |
| US6444316B1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2002-09-03 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Encapsulated chemicals for use in controlled time release applications and methods |
| JP2004510848A (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2004-04-08 | シェブロン フィリップス ケミカル カンパニー エルピー | Solvent extraction of low molecular weight components from solid polymers |
| US6441946B1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2002-08-27 | Xerox Corporation | Swollen gyricon displays and method of making same |
| US6445490B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2002-09-03 | Xerox Corporation | Encapsulated gyricon spheres |
| US6480322B2 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-11-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of improving the respondability of moveable structures in a display |
| US6549327B2 (en) * | 2001-05-24 | 2003-04-15 | Xerox Corporation | Photochromic gyricon display |
| US20030146908A1 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-08-07 | Favalora Gregg E. | Display devices |
| US6795228B2 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2004-09-21 | Xerox Corporation | Display material for electric paper and applications thereof |
| US20040081695A1 (en) * | 2002-09-28 | 2004-04-29 | Sowden Harry S | Dosage forms having an inner core and an outer shell |
-
2004
- 2004-08-17 US US10/919,814 patent/US7541060B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-03-29 US US11/093,083 patent/US7130108B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-10 CA CA2515634A patent/CA2515634C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20060040050A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
| US7541060B2 (en) | 2009-06-02 |
| CA2515634C (en) | 2010-11-09 |
| US20060039181A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
| US7130108B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |