CA2520163A1 - An apparatus for producing alkyl ester - Google Patents
An apparatus for producing alkyl ester Download PDFInfo
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- CA2520163A1 CA2520163A1 CA002520163A CA2520163A CA2520163A1 CA 2520163 A1 CA2520163 A1 CA 2520163A1 CA 002520163 A CA002520163 A CA 002520163A CA 2520163 A CA2520163 A CA 2520163A CA 2520163 A1 CA2520163 A1 CA 2520163A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl ester
- reactant
- reaction product
- reaction
- inlet
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/03—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/62—Carboxylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
- Y02T50/678—Aviation using fuels of non-fossil origin
Abstract
An apparatus that includes a first reactor and a return mechanism. The first reactor has an inlet to receive a mixture comprising a first reactant, a second reactant, a reaction product, and an inert solvent that dissolves at least a portion of the first and second reactants, an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate more reaction product, and an outlet to output the reaction product, including the reaction product received at the inlet and the reaction product generated from the reaction between the first and second reactants. The return mechanism sends at least a portion of the reaction product from the outlet back to the inlet.
Claims (50)
1. An apparatus comprising:
a first reactor having an inlet to receive a mixture comprising a first reactant, a second reactant, a reaction product, and an inert solvent that dissolves at least a portion of the first and second reactants, an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate more reaction product, and an outlet to output the reaction product, including the reaction product received at the inlet and the reaction product generated from the reaction between the first and second reactants; and a return mechanism to send at least a portion of the reaction product from the outlet back to the inlet.
a first reactor having an inlet to receive a mixture comprising a first reactant, a second reactant, a reaction product, and an inert solvent that dissolves at least a portion of the first and second reactants, an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate more reaction product, and an outlet to output the reaction product, including the reaction product received at the inlet and the reaction product generated from the reaction between the first and second reactants; and a return mechanism to send at least a portion of the reaction product from the outlet back to the inlet.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the reaction product comprises alkyl ester.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 in which the return mechanism sends at least a portion of the alkyl ester back to the inlet.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 in which the mixture includes a solvent that dissolves at least a portion of the first reactant, the second reactant, and the reaction product.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 in which the outlet outputs at least the alkyl ester, the solvent, and unreacted first reactant.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising an evaporator to evaporate the solvent to generate a mixture comprising the alkyl ester and the unreacted first reactant.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 in which the outlet also outputs glycerol.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising an evaporator to evaporate the solvent to generate a mixture comprising the alkyl ester, the glycerol, and the unreacted first reactant.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a phase separator to separate the alkyl ester from the glycerol based on liquid-liquid phase separation.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the first reactant comprises triglyceride.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the first reactant comprises a carboxylic acid.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the second reactant comprises at least one of a primary and secondary alcohol.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the first reactant comprises at least one of vegetable oil and animal fat.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 in which the reaction product has a composition that is suitable for use as fuel.
15. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second reactor having an inlet to receive a mixture comprising additional second reactant and reaction product from the outlet of the first reactor from the outlet of the first reactor, an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the second reactant and the other components to generate more reaction product, and an outlet to output the reaction product, including the reaction product received at the inlet of the second reactor and the reaction product generated from the reaction between the second reactant and the other components.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising an evaporator to evaporate the inert solvent and at least one of unreacted first reactant and unreacted second reactant.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a short-path evaporator to separate the reaction product from remaining unreacted reactant.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 in which the reaction product comprises alkyl ester.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a return mechanism to send at least a portion of the alkyl ester from the outlet of the second reactor back to the inlet of the first reactor.
20. An apparatus comprising:
a reactor having an inlet to receive a mixture comprising reactants, an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the reactants, and a feedback mechanism to send at least a portion of a product of the reaction back to the inlet.
a reactor having an inlet to receive a mixture comprising reactants, an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the reactants, and a feedback mechanism to send at least a portion of a product of the reaction back to the inlet.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 in which the product of the reaction comprises alkyl ester, and the feedback mechanism sends at least a portion of the alkyl ester back to the inlet.
22. The apparatus of claim 20, in which the reactants comprise (1) at least one of triglyceride and carboxylic acid, and (2) at least one of primary and secondary alcohol.
23. The apparatus of claim 20 in which the enzyme comprises a lipase.
24. A system for generating alkyl ester comprising:
a first subsystem including a first reactor having a first inlet to receive a first mixture comprising a first reactant, a second reactant, and an inert solvent to dissolve the first and second reactants, a first enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate a reaction product, and a first outlet to output the reaction product, the inert solvent, and other components; and a second subsystem including a second reactor having a second inlet to receive a second mixture comprising additional second reactant, an inert solvent, at least a portion of the reaction product, and the other components from the first outlet, a second enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the second reactant and the other components to generate more reaction product, and a second outlet to output the reaction product, including the reaction product received at the inlet of the second inlet and the reaction product generated from the reaction between second reactant and the other components.
a first subsystem including a first reactor having a first inlet to receive a first mixture comprising a first reactant, a second reactant, and an inert solvent to dissolve the first and second reactants, a first enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate a reaction product, and a first outlet to output the reaction product, the inert solvent, and other components; and a second subsystem including a second reactor having a second inlet to receive a second mixture comprising additional second reactant, an inert solvent, at least a portion of the reaction product, and the other components from the first outlet, a second enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the second reactant and the other components to generate more reaction product, and a second outlet to output the reaction product, including the reaction product received at the inlet of the second inlet and the reaction product generated from the reaction between second reactant and the other components.
25. The system of claim 24 in which the reaction product comprises alkyl ester.
26. The system of claim 25 also comprising a return mechanism to send at least a portion of the alkyl ester from the first outlet back to the first inlet.
27. The system of claim 25 also comprising a return mechanism to send at least a portion of the alkyl ester from the second outlet back to the first inlet.
28. The system of claim 25 in which the second subsystem comprises a separator to remove at least a portion of components other than alkyl ester from a first solution output from the second outlet to obtain a second solution that has at least 90% by weight of alkyl ester.
29. The system of claim 28 in which the separator comprises an evaporator.
30. The system of claim 28 in which the separator comprises a liquid-liquid separator.
31. The system of claim 25 in which the first subsystem comprises a separator to remove at least a portion of components other than alkyl ester from a first solution output from the first outlet to obtain a second solution that has a higher concentration of alkyl ester than the first solution.
32. The system of claim 31 in which the separator comprises an evaporator.
33. The system of claim 32 in which the separator comprises a liquid-liquid separator.
34. An apparatus comprising:
a reactor having a pipeline to transmit a mixture comprising a first reactant, a second reactant, an inert solvent, and a reaction product that are in an homogeneous state, a coupler to receive a cartridge having an inlet to receive the mixture from the pipeline, an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate more reaction product, and an outlet to output the reaction product, including the reaction product received at the inlet and the reaction product generated from the reaction between the first and second reactants;
a separation unit to process the output of the outlet to produce a solution having a higher percentage of the reaction product; and a return mechanism to send at least a portion of the solution back to the pipeline.
a reactor having a pipeline to transmit a mixture comprising a first reactant, a second reactant, an inert solvent, and a reaction product that are in an homogeneous state, a coupler to receive a cartridge having an inlet to receive the mixture from the pipeline, an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate more reaction product, and an outlet to output the reaction product, including the reaction product received at the inlet and the reaction product generated from the reaction between the first and second reactants;
a separation unit to process the output of the outlet to produce a solution having a higher percentage of the reaction product; and a return mechanism to send at least a portion of the solution back to the pipeline.
35. A system for generating alkyl ester comprising:
a first subsystem including a first reactor having a first pipeline to transmit a first mixture comprising a first reactant, a second reactant, an inert solvent, and alkyl ester that are in a homogeneous state, a first coupler to receive a first cartridge having a first inlet to receive the mixture from the first pipeline, a first enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate alkyl ester, and a first outlet to output the alkyl ester, the solvent, and other components; and a second subsystem including a second reactor having a second pipeline transmit a second mixture comprising additional second reactant, inert solvent, and at least a portion of the alkyl ester and the other components from the first outlet, a second coupler to receive a second cartridge having a second inlet to receive the mixture from the second pipeline, a second enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the second reactant and the other components to generate more alkyl ester, and a second outlet to output the alkyl ester.
a first subsystem including a first reactor having a first pipeline to transmit a first mixture comprising a first reactant, a second reactant, an inert solvent, and alkyl ester that are in a homogeneous state, a first coupler to receive a first cartridge having a first inlet to receive the mixture from the first pipeline, a first enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate alkyl ester, and a first outlet to output the alkyl ester, the solvent, and other components; and a second subsystem including a second reactor having a second pipeline transmit a second mixture comprising additional second reactant, inert solvent, and at least a portion of the alkyl ester and the other components from the first outlet, a second coupler to receive a second cartridge having a second inlet to receive the mixture from the second pipeline, a second enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the second reactant and the other components to generate more alkyl ester, and a second outlet to output the alkyl ester.
36. A system for generating alkyl ester comprising:
a cartridge to receive a mixture comprising a first reactant and a second reactant, the cartridge including an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate a reaction product, the cartridge having an identifier;
and a controller to control an operation condition of the system based on the identifier on the cartridge.
a cartridge to receive a mixture comprising a first reactant and a second reactant, the cartridge including an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate a reaction product, the cartridge having an identifier;
and a controller to control an operation condition of the system based on the identifier on the cartridge.
37. The system of claim 36 in which the reaction product comprises alkyl ester.
38. The system of claim 36 in which the enzyme comprises a lipase.
39. The system of claim 36 in which the controller controls a speed of a pump based on the identifier, in which the speed of the pump affects the speed in which the solution passes through the cartridge.
40. The system of claim 36 in which the controller controls a heater based on the identifier, in which the heater affects a temperature of the solution.
41. The system of claim 36 in which the controller determines when to send a signal indicating that the cartridge needs to be replaced based on the identifier.
42. An apparatus comprising:
a cartridge including a lipase, the cartridge configured to be coupled to an alkyl ester generator that comprises a mixer to mix an oil source and a primary alcohol or a secondary alcohol in an organic solvent to form a solution that is passed through the cartridge, in which the oil source includes a triglyceride and the lipase facilitates a reaction between the triglyceride and the primary alcohol or the secondary alcohol to generate an alkyl ester, in which the solution does not undergo phase separation throughout the reaction and glycerol is produced as a by-product, an evaporator to remove the organic solvent and unreacted primary alcohol or secondary alcohol, a phase separator to separate the alkyl ester from the glycerol, and a second separator to separate the alkyl ester from unreacted oil source.
a cartridge including a lipase, the cartridge configured to be coupled to an alkyl ester generator that comprises a mixer to mix an oil source and a primary alcohol or a secondary alcohol in an organic solvent to form a solution that is passed through the cartridge, in which the oil source includes a triglyceride and the lipase facilitates a reaction between the triglyceride and the primary alcohol or the secondary alcohol to generate an alkyl ester, in which the solution does not undergo phase separation throughout the reaction and glycerol is produced as a by-product, an evaporator to remove the organic solvent and unreacted primary alcohol or secondary alcohol, a phase separator to separate the alkyl ester from the glycerol, and a second separator to separate the alkyl ester from unreacted oil source.
43. An apparatus comprising:
a cartridge including a lipase, the cartridge configured to be coupled to an alkyl ester generator that comprises a mixer to mix an oil source and a primary alcohol or a secondary alcohol in an organic solvent to form a solution that is passed through the cartridge, in which the oil source includes a carboxylic acid and the lipase facilitates a reaction between the carboxylic acid and the primary alcohol or the secondary alcohol to generate an alkyl ester, in which the solution does not undergo phase separation throughout the reaction and water is produced as a by-product, an evaporator to remove the organic solvent and unreacted primary alcohol or secondary alcohol, and a separator to separate the alkyl ester from unreacted oil source.
a cartridge including a lipase, the cartridge configured to be coupled to an alkyl ester generator that comprises a mixer to mix an oil source and a primary alcohol or a secondary alcohol in an organic solvent to form a solution that is passed through the cartridge, in which the oil source includes a carboxylic acid and the lipase facilitates a reaction between the carboxylic acid and the primary alcohol or the secondary alcohol to generate an alkyl ester, in which the solution does not undergo phase separation throughout the reaction and water is produced as a by-product, an evaporator to remove the organic solvent and unreacted primary alcohol or secondary alcohol, and a separator to separate the alkyl ester from unreacted oil source.
44. The apparatus of claim 43 in which the separator comprises a short-path evaporator.
45. An apparatus comprising:
an evaporator having an input to receive a mixture comprising alkyl ester, alcohol, a inert solvent, and glycerol, the evaporator to evaporate the inert solvent and the alcohol to generate a solution including alkyl ester and glycerol, and a separator having an input to receive the solution, the separator to separate the alkyl ester from the glycerol based on liquid-liquid phase separation.
an evaporator having an input to receive a mixture comprising alkyl ester, alcohol, a inert solvent, and glycerol, the evaporator to evaporate the inert solvent and the alcohol to generate a solution including alkyl ester and glycerol, and a separator having an input to receive the solution, the separator to separate the alkyl ester from the glycerol based on liquid-liquid phase separation.
46. An apparatus for producing an alkyl ester, comprising:
a mixer to mix an oil source and a primary alcohol or a secondary alcohol in an organic solvent to form a solution, the oil source including a triglyceride;
a reactor to receive the solution, the reactor including a lipase that facilitates a reaction between the triglyceride and the primary alcohol or the secondary alcohol to generate an alkyl ester, in which glycerol is produced as a by-product;
an evaporator to remove the organic solvent and unreacted primary alcohol or secondary alcohol; and a phase separator to separate the alkyl ester from the glycerol.
a mixer to mix an oil source and a primary alcohol or a secondary alcohol in an organic solvent to form a solution, the oil source including a triglyceride;
a reactor to receive the solution, the reactor including a lipase that facilitates a reaction between the triglyceride and the primary alcohol or the secondary alcohol to generate an alkyl ester, in which glycerol is produced as a by-product;
an evaporator to remove the organic solvent and unreacted primary alcohol or secondary alcohol; and a phase separator to separate the alkyl ester from the glycerol.
47. The apparatus of claim 46 also comprising a carrier, in which the lipase is immobilized on the carrier.
48. The apparatus of claim 46 also comprising a return mechanism to allow at least a portion of the alkyl ester separated by the phase separator to enter the inlet and add to the solution.
49. A method comprising:
inserting a cartridge into an alkyl ester generator, the cartridge having an inlet, and outlet, and an enzyme positioned between the inlet and the outlet;
reading information encoded on the cartridge;
controlling an operation of the alkyl ester generator based on the information.
inserting a cartridge into an alkyl ester generator, the cartridge having an inlet, and outlet, and an enzyme positioned between the inlet and the outlet;
reading information encoded on the cartridge;
controlling an operation of the alkyl ester generator based on the information.
50. The method of claim 49 in which controlling an operation of the alkyl ester generator comprises controlling at least one of temperature and flow rate of a solution flowing into the inlet of the cartridge.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/945339 | 2004-09-20 | ||
| US10/945,339 US7473539B2 (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2004-09-20 | Methods for producing alkyl esters |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2520163A1 true CA2520163A1 (en) | 2006-03-20 |
| CA2520163C CA2520163C (en) | 2012-01-24 |
Family
ID=35217800
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002493628A Expired - Fee Related CA2493628C (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2005-01-20 | Methods for producing alkyl ester |
| CA2520163A Expired - Fee Related CA2520163C (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2005-09-16 | An apparatus for producing alkyl ester |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002493628A Expired - Fee Related CA2493628C (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2005-01-20 | Methods for producing alkyl ester |
Country Status (30)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (5) | US7473539B2 (en) |
| EP (4) | EP1637610B1 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP3892463B2 (en) |
| KR (2) | KR101136890B1 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN100572545C (en) |
| AR (2) | AR050814A1 (en) |
| AT (2) | ATE427997T1 (en) |
| AU (4) | AU2005200356B2 (en) |
| BR (2) | BRPI0500630A (en) |
| CA (2) | CA2493628C (en) |
| CL (2) | CL2009001529A1 (en) |
| CO (2) | CO5630034A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE602004020472D1 (en) |
| DK (2) | DK1637610T3 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES2324534T3 (en) |
| HK (2) | HK1084978A1 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA27825A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05003942A (en) |
| MY (2) | MY139978A (en) |
| NO (2) | NO334191B1 (en) |
| NZ (4) | NZ539737A (en) |
| PE (3) | PE20060387A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL1637610T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1637610E (en) |
| RU (2) | RU2392263C2 (en) |
| SG (3) | SG121033A1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI1637610T1 (en) |
| TW (2) | TWI375714B (en) |
| UA (2) | UA92885C2 (en) |
| ZA (2) | ZA200504258B (en) |
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