CA2525368A1 - Method and apparatus for dispensing compressed natural gas and liquified natural gas to natural gas powered vehicles - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for dispensing compressed natural gas and liquified natural gas to natural gas powered vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2525368A1
CA2525368A1 CA002525368A CA2525368A CA2525368A1 CA 2525368 A1 CA2525368 A1 CA 2525368A1 CA 002525368 A CA002525368 A CA 002525368A CA 2525368 A CA2525368 A CA 2525368A CA 2525368 A1 CA2525368 A1 CA 2525368A1
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Canada
Prior art keywords
lng
flow path
cng
fueling station
pressurized
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Granted
Application number
CA002525368A
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French (fr)
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CA2525368C (en
Inventor
Dennis N. Bingham
Michael L. Clark
Bruce M. Wilding
Gary L. Palmer
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Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/12—Liquefied petroleum gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations

Abstract

A fueling facility and method for dispensing liquid natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG) or both on-demand. The fueling facility may include a source of LNG, such as cryogenic storage vessel. A low volume high pressure pump is coupled to the source of LNG to produce a stream of pressurized LNG. The stream of pressurized LNG may be selectively directed through an LNG flow path or to a CNG flow path which includes a vaporizer configured to produce CNG from the pressurized LNG. A portion of the CNG may be drawn from the CNG flow path and introduced into the CNG flow path to control the temperature of LNG flowing therethrough. Similarly, a portion of the LNG may be drawn from the LNG flow path and introduced into the CNG flow path to control the temperature of CNG flowing therethrough.

Claims (70)

What is claimed is:
1. A fueling station comprising:
at least one pump configured to boost a pressure of a volume of liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplied thereto, the at least one pump having at least one pressurized output configured to supply pressurized LNG;
at least one diverter valve operably coupled to the at least one pressurized output of the at least one pump, wherein the at least one diverter valve is configured to selectively divert the flow of any pressurized LNG flowing from the at least one pressurized output of the at least one pump between a first flow path and a second flow path;
at least one LNG dispensing unit in fluid communication with the first flow path;
a vaporizer in fluid communication with the second flow path, the vaporizer being configured to receive and convert pressurized LNG to compressed natural gas (CNG); and at least one CNG dispensing unit in fluid communication with the vaporizer.
2. The fueling station of claim 1, further comprising at least one pressure reducing apparatus positioned in fluid communication with the first flow path between the at least one diverter valve and the at least one LNG dispensing unit.
3. The fueling station of claim 1, wherein the at least one pump includes at least one multiplex pump having a plurality pistons, wherein the at least one pressurized output includes a pressurized output associated with each piston of the plurality.
4. The fueling station of claim 3, wherein the at least one diverter valve includes a plurality of diverter valves, each diverter valve of the plurality being operably coupled to the pressurized output of at least one piston of the plurality of pistons.
5. The fueling station of claim 1, wherein the at least one diverter valve includes a plurality of diverter valves, each diverter valve being operably coupled to the at least one pressurized output of the at least one pump.
6. The fueling station of claim 1, wherein the at least one diverter valve includes a first diverter valve operably coupled with the first flow path and a second diverter valve operably coupled with the second flow path.
7. The fueling station of claim 1, further comprising a warming line configured to draw a portion of CNG produced by the vaporizer and to inject the portion of CNG into the first flow path.
8. The fueling station of claim 7, further comprising a pressure regulating valve operably coupled to the warming line, the pressure regulating valve being configured to reduce a pressure of the portion of CNG prior to its injection into the first flow path.
The fueling station of claim 8, wherein the pressure regulating valve includes a pilot-controlled pressure regulating valve.
10. The fueling station of claim 8, further comprising a first control valve operably coupled to the warming line downstream of the pressure regulating valve and configured to selectively control a flow rate of the portion of CNG injected into the first flow path.
11. The fueling station of claim 10, further comprising a cooling line configured to draw a portion of pressurized LNG from the at least one pressurized output and to inject the portion of pressurized LNG into a CNG flow path between the vaporizer and the CNG dispensing unit.
12. The fueling station of claim 11, further comprising a second control valve operably coupled to the cooling line and configured to selectively control a flow rate of the portion of pressurized LNG into the CNG flow path.
13. The fueling station of claim 12, further comprising a cold box to house and partially insulate the at least one diverter valve, the first flow path and at least a portion of the warming line.
14. The fueling station of claim 13, wherein a first portion of the at least one pump including the at least one pressurized output is located substantially inside the cold box.
15. The fueling station of claim 14, further comprising a skid wherein the at least one pump, the vaporizer and the cold box are mounted to the skid.
16. A fueling station comprising:

a multiplex pump configured to boost the pressure of a volume of liquified natural gas (LNG) supplied thereto, the multiplex pump including at least two pistons wherein each piston has an individual pressurized output configured to supply pressurized LNG;
at least one LNG dispensing unit in selective fluid communication with the pressurized output of each of the at least two pistons of the multiplex pump;
a vaporizer in selective fluid communication with the pressurized output of each of the at least two pistons of the multiplex pump, the vaporizer configured to receive and convert pressurized LNG to compressed natural gas (CNG); and at least one CNG dispensing unit in fluid communication with the vaporizer.
17. The fueling station of claim 16, further comprising at least one diverter valve operably coupled to the pressurized output at least one piston of the at least two pistons, wherein the at least one diverter valve is configured to selectively divert the flow of any pressurized LNG
flowing from the pressurized output of the at least one piston between the at least one LNG
dispensing unit and the vaporizer.
18. The fueling station of claim 16, further comprising at least two diverter valves, each diverter valve of the at least two diverter valves being operably coupled to the pressurized output of one piston of the at least two pistons and wherein each diverter valve is configured to selectively divert the flow of any pressurized LNG flowing from the pressurized output of an associated piston between the at least one LNG dispensing unit and the vaporizer.
19. The fueling station of claim 18, wherein the at least two diverter valves are configured such that at least one of the at least two diverter valves may be in an open state while at least one other diverter valve is in a closed state.
20. The fueling station of claim 19, wherein the multiplex pump further comprises a triplex pump wherein the at least two pistons includes three pistons and wherein the at least two diverter valves includes three diverter valves.
21. The fueling station of claim 20, wherein the triplex pump is configured to increase the pressure of the volume of LNG passing therethrough up to, approximately 5,000 psia.
22. The fueling station of claim 21, wherein the vaporizer is configured to receive any pressurized LNG passing therethrough at a pressure of up to approximately 5,000 psia and to produce CNG at a flow rate of up to 1,600 standard cubic feet per minute (scfm).
23. The fueling station of claim 19, wherein the at least two diverter valves are configured to reduce the pressure of any pressurized LNG passing therethrough from up to approximately 5,000 psia to approximately 300 psia.
24. The fueling station of claim 20, further comprising a CNG warming line configured to draw a portion of CNG produced by the vaporizer and to inject the portion of CNG
into an LNG flow path between at least one of the three diverter valves and the LNG dispensing unit.
25. The fueling station of claim 24, further comprising a pressure regulating valve operably coupled to the CNG warming line.
26. The fueling station of claim 25, wherein the pressure regulating valve is configured to reduce the pressure of a volume of CNG flowing therethrough from a pressure of up to approximately 5,000 Asia to a pressure of approximately 300 psia.
27. The fueling station of claim 25, wherein the pressure regulating valve further comprises a pilot-controlled pressure regulating valve.
28. The fueling station of claim 25, further comprising a first control valve operatively coupled to the CNG warming line downstream from the pressure regulating valve and configured to selectively control a flow rate of the portion of CNG injected into the LNG
flow path.
29. The fueling station of claim 28, further comprising a cooling line configured to draw a portion of pressurized LNG from at least one piston of the three pistons and to inject the portion of LNG into a CNG flow path between the vaporizer and the CNG
dispensing unit.
30. The fueling station of claim 29, further comprising a second control valve operatively coupled to the cooling line and configured to selectively control a flow rate of the portion of LNG injected into the CNG flow path.
31. The fueling station of claim 30, further comprising at least one source of an additive in fluid communication with the CNG flow path and configured to inject the additive thereinto.
32. The fueling station of claim 31, wherein the at least one source of an additive includes a source of odorant.
33. The fueling station of claim 32, wherein the source of odorant is coupled with the CNG flow path at a location upstream of the CNG warming line.
34. The fueling station of claim 31, wherein the at least one source of an additive includes a source of lubricant.
35. The fueling station of claim 34, wherein the source of lubricant is coupled with the CNG flow path at a location downstream of the CNG warming line.
36. The fueling station of claim 30, wherein the triplex pump is. in fluid communication with a source of LNG.
37. The fueling station of claim 36, further comprising an LNG circulation line in fluid communication with the LNG flow path and configured to selectively circulate LNG back to the source of LNG.
38. The fueling station of claim 37, further comprising a CNG circulation line in fluid communication with the CNG flow path and configured to selectively circulate CNG back to the source of LNG.
39. The fueling station of claim 38, wherein the source of LNG includes a volume of LNG and a volume of vapor in fluid communication with the volume of LNG, and wherein the CNG circulation line is configured to selectively circulate CNG back to the volume of LNG and to selectively circulate CNG back to the volume of vapor.
40. The fueling station of claim 39, further comprising a cold box configured to house and thermally insulate the three diverter valves, the LNG flow path, at least a portion of the CNG
warming line and the LNG circulation line from a surrounding environment.
41, The fueling station of claim 40, wherein the a majority of the triplex pump is configured and located to reside substantially outside of the cold box and wherein the three pistons of the triplex pump having their associated pressurized outputs located substantially inside the cold box.
42. The fueling station of claim 41, wherein the vaporizer, the CNG flow path and the at least one source of an additive are located outside of the cold box.
43. The fueling station of claim 42, wherein the vaporizer is configured as a forced-air ambient vaporizer.
44. The fueling station of claim 43, further comprising an LNG bypass line fluidly coupled between the source of LNG and the LNG flow path and configured to provide a volume of LNG to the LNG flow path prior to the presence of any pressurized LNG in the LNG flow path from the triplex pump.
45. The fueling station of claim 44, further comprising a check valve operatively coupled with the LNG bypass line and configured to prevent pressurized LNG
from flowing back to the source of LNG.
46. The fueling station of claim 45, further comprising a skid wherein at least the triplex pump, the vaporizer and the cold box are mounted to the skid.
47. A natural gas fueling facility comprising:
a source of saturated liquified natural gas (LNG);
at least one fueling station comprising:
a multiplex pump in fluid communication with the source of LNG, the multiplex pump including at least two pistons wherein each piston has an individual pressurized output configured to supply pressurized LNG;
at least one LNG dispensing unit in selective fluid communication with the pressurized output of each of the at least two pistons of the multiplex pump;
a vaporizer in selective fluid communication with the pressurized output of each of the at least two pistons of the multiplex pump, the vaporized configured to receive and convert LNG to compressed natural gas (CNG); and at least one CNG dispensing unit in fluid communication with the vaporizer.
48. The natural gas fueling facility of claim 47, wherein the source of LNG
includes a pressure vessel containing a volume of LNG and a volume of vapor contiguous with the volume of LNG.
49. The natural gas fueling facility of claim 48, wherein the pressure vessel is configured to contain the volume of LNG and the volume of vapor at a pressure of up to approximately 30 pounds per square inch absolute (psia).
50. The natural gas fueling facility of claim 48, further comprising a skid, wherein the at least one fueling station is mounted on the skid.
51. The natural gas fueling facility of claim 47, wherein the at least one fueling station further comprises at least one diverter valve operably coupled to the pressurized output of at least one piston of the at least two pistons and wherein the at least one diverter valve is configured to selectively divert the flow of any pressurized LNG flowing from the pressurized output of the at least one piston between the at least one LNG dispensing unit and the vaporizer.
52. The natural gas fueling facility of claim 47, wherein the at least one fueling station further comprises at least two diverter valves, each diverter valve of the at least two diverter valves being operably coupled to the pressurized output of one piston of the at least two pistons and wherein each diverter valve is configured to selectively divert the flow of any pressurized LNG flowing from its associated piston's pressurized output between the at least one LNG
dispensing unit and the vaporizer.
53. The natural gas fueling facility of claim 52, wherein the at least two diverter valves are configured such that at least one of the at least two diverter valves may be in an open state while at least one other diverter valve is in a closed state.
54. The natural gas fueling facility of claim 53, wherein the at least one fueling station includes two fueling stations.
55. A method of dispensing natural gas fuel comprising:

providing a supply of saturated liquified natural gas (LNG) at a first relatively low pressure to a~
pump;
flowing the LNG through a pump and increasing the pressure of the LNG to a second relatively high pressure;
providing a first flow path between the pump and an LNG dispensing unit;
providing a second flow path between the pump and a compressed natural gas (CNG) dispensing unit;
selectively flowing the LNG through the first flow path, the second flow path or through both the first and the second flow paths;
reducing the pressure of any LNG flowing through the first flow path to a third intermediate pressure lower than the second pressure. and higher than the first pressure and dispensing at least a portion thereof through the LNG dispensing unit; and vaporizing any LNG flowing through the second flow path to produce CNG
therefrom and dispensing at least a portion of the CNG through the CNG dispensing unit.
56. The method according to claim 55 further comprising drawing a portion of the CNG from second flow path and introducing it into the first flow path.
57. The method according to claim 56, further comprising monitoring the temperature of any LNG flowing through the first flow path and selectively controlling a flow rate of the portion of the CNG introduced from the second flow path to the first flow path.
58. The method according to claim 57, further comprising introducing a volume of LNG into the second flow path to cool any CNG flowing therethrough.
59. The method according to claim 58, further comprising monitoring the temperature of any CNG flowing through the second flow path and controlling the flow rate of the volume of LNG introduced into the second flow path.
60. The method according to claim 59, further comprising introducing an additive into the second flow path.
61. The method according to claim 60, wherein introducing an additive into the second flow path includes introducing an odorant into the second flow path.
62.~The method according to claim 60, wherein introducing an additive into the second flow path includes introducing a lubricant into the second flow path.
63. ~The method according to claim 59, further comprising flowing at least a portion of any LNG in the first flow path back to the supply of LNG.
64. ~The method according to claim 63, further comprising flowing at least a portion of any CNG in the second flow path back to the supply of LNG.
65. ~The method according to claim 64, wherein vaporizing any LNG flowing along the second flow path to produce CNG therefrom includes flowing LNG through an ambient forced-air vaporizer.
66. ~The method according to claim 65, further comprising insulating at least a portion of the first flow path from an ambient temperature.
67. ~The method according to claim 66, further comprising flowing a portion of LNG
directly from the supply of LNG to the first flow path prior to selectively flowing the LNG
through the first flow path, through the second flow path or through both the first and the second flow paths.
68. ~The method according to claim 55, wherein the first pressure is as great as approximately 30 pounds per square inch absolute (psia), the second pressure is as great as approximately 5,000 Asia and the third pressure is as great as approximately 300 psia.
69. ~The method according to claim 55, wherein vaporizing any LNG flowing through the second flow path to produce CNG therefrom and dispensing at least a portion of the CNG
through the CNG dispensing unit further comprises flowing the at least a portion of the CNG from the vaporizer substantially directly to the CNG dispensing unit.
70. ~A method of dispensing natural gas fuel comprising:
providing a supply of saturated liquified natural gas (LNG) at a first relatively low pressure to a pump;
flowing the LNG through a pump and increasing the pressure of the LNG to a second pressure greater than the first relatively low pressure;

providing a first flow path between the pump and an LNG dispensing unit;
providing a second flow path between the pump and a compressed natural gas (CNG) dispensing unit;
selectively flowing the LNG through the first flow path, the second flow path or through both the first and the second flow paths wherein, selectively flowing the LNG through the first flow path includes selectively flowing LNG through the first flow path substantially at the second pressure, and wherein selectively flowing LNG through the second flow path includes increasing the pressure of any LNG flowing through the second path to a third pressure greater than the second pressure; and dispensing at least a portion of any LNG flowing through the first flow path through the LNG
dispensing unit; and vaporizing any LNG flowing through the second flow path to produce CNG
therefrom and dispensing at least a portion of the CNG through the CNG dispensing unit.
CA002525368A 2003-05-09 2004-04-09 Method and apparatus for dispensing compressed natural gas and liquified natural gas to natural gas powered vehicles Expired - Fee Related CA2525368C (en)

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US10/435,166 US6899146B2 (en) 2003-05-09 2003-05-09 Method and apparatus for dispensing compressed natural gas and liquified natural gas to natural gas powered vehicles
PCT/US2004/011128 WO2004101714A2 (en) 2003-05-09 2004-04-09 Method and apparatus for dispensing compressed natural gas and liquified natural gas to natural gas powered vehicles

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US20040250871A1 (en) 2004-12-16
US7222647B2 (en) 2007-05-29
GB0523356D0 (en) 2005-12-28
CA2525368C (en) 2010-01-12
GB2417036A (en) 2006-02-15
AU2004239216A1 (en) 2004-11-25
MXPA05012093A (en) 2006-02-10
BRPI0410346B1 (en) 2019-05-07
US6899146B2 (en) 2005-05-31
US20060169352A1 (en) 2006-08-03
CN1805876A (en) 2006-07-19
BRPI0410346A (en) 2006-05-30
WO2004101714A2 (en) 2004-11-25
ZA200509172B (en) 2006-11-29
CN100404375C (en) 2008-07-23
HK1093046A1 (en) 2007-02-23
GB2417036B (en) 2008-02-13
WO2004101714A3 (en) 2005-12-22
AU2004239216B2 (en) 2008-01-17

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