CA2528407A1 - Toner compositions - Google Patents

Toner compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2528407A1
CA2528407A1 CA002528407A CA2528407A CA2528407A1 CA 2528407 A1 CA2528407 A1 CA 2528407A1 CA 002528407 A CA002528407 A CA 002528407A CA 2528407 A CA2528407 A CA 2528407A CA 2528407 A1 CA2528407 A1 CA 2528407A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
toner
poly
styrene
substantially free
toner composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002528407A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2528407C (en
Inventor
Raj D. Patel
Daryl Vanbesien
Enno E. Agur
Edward G. Zwartz
Maria N V. Mcdougall
Emily L. Moore
Patricia A. Burns
Kimberly D. Nosella
Ke Zhou
Vladislav Skorokhod
Wafa F. Bashir
Shigang S. Qiu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Publication of CA2528407A1 publication Critical patent/CA2528407A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2528407C publication Critical patent/CA2528407C/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
    • G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
    • G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
    • G03G9/08711—Copolymers of styrene with esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08791—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by the presence of specified groups or side chains
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08793—Crosslinked polymers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08795—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants

Abstract

Toner compositions include a non cross linked resin; a cross linked resin or gel; a wax; and a colorant. Processes for preparing a toner include mixing a non-cross linked resin and a cross-linked resin or gel in the presence of a wax, a colorant, and a coagulant to provide toner size aggregates;
adding additional non-cross linked latex to the formed aggregates thereby providing a shell over the formed aggregates; heating the shell covered aggregates to form toner; and, optionally, isolating the toner.

Claims (34)

1. A toner composition comprising:
a resin substantially free of cross linking;
a cross linked resin;
a wax; and a colorant.
2. The toner composition of claim 1, comprising about 68 %
to about 75 % resin substantially free of cross linking, about 6 % to about 13 %
cross linked resin, about 6 % to about 15 % wax, and about 7 % to about 13 %
colorant, by weight based upon the total weight of the composition and wherein a total of the components is about 100 %.
3. The toner composition of claim 1, comprising about 71 %
resin substantially free of cross linking, about 10 % cross linked resin, about 9 % wax and about 10 % colorant, by weight based upon the total weight of the composition and wherein a total of the components is about 100 %.
4. The toner composition of claim 1, possessing a tan delta of 0.63 to 0.90 at 150 °C to 130 °C.
5. The toner composition of claim 1, possessing an elastic storage modulus (G') of 44000 at 110 °C.
6. The toner composition of claim 1, possessing an elastic storage modulus of 5000 at 150 °C.
7. The toner composition of claim 1, possessing a shape factor of about 120 to about 140.
8. The toner composition of claim 1, possessing a circularity of about 0.930 to about 0.980.
9. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the resin substantially free of cross linking comprises a resin having substantially about zero percent cross linking to about 0.1 percent cross linking.
10. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the resin substantially free of cross linking and the cross linked resin are selected from the group consisting of styrene acrylates, styrene methacrylates, butadienes, isoprene, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate, polyesters, poly(styrene-butadiene), poly(methyl styrene-butadiene), poly(methyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(ethyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(propyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(butyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(methyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(ethyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(propyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(butyl acrylate-butadiene), polystyrene-isoprene), poly(methyl styrene-isoprene), poly(methyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(ethyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(propyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(butyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(methyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(ethyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(propyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(butyl acrylate-isoprene);
poly(styrene-propyl acrylate), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate), poly(styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-butadiene-methacrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile), polystyrene-butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile-acrylic acid), and styrene/butyl acrylate/carboxylic acid terpolymers, or a mixture thereof.
11. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the resin substantially free of cross linking comprises styrene:butylacrylate:beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate.
12. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the resin substantially free of cross linking comprises about 70 % to about 90 %
styrene, about 10 % to about 30 % butylacrylate, and about 0.5 parts per hundred to about 10 parts per hundred beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate, by weight based upon the total weight of the resin substantially free of cross linking.
13. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the resin substantially free of cross linking comprises about 73 % to about 85 %
styrene, about 15 % to about 27 % butylacrylate, and about 1.0 part per hundred to about 5 part per hundred beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate, by weight based upon the total weight of the resin substantially free of cross linking.
14. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the resin substantially free of cross linking comprises about 81.7 % styrene, about 18.3 %
butylacrylate, and about 3 parts per hundred beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate, by weight based upon the total weight of the resin substantially free of cross linking.
15. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the cross linked resin comprises styrene:butylacrylate:beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate:divinyl benzene.
16. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the cross linked resin comprises about 60 % to about 75 % styrene, about 40 % to about 25 % butylacrylate, about 3 parts per hundred to about 5 parts per hundred beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate, and about 3 parts per hundred to about 5 parts per hundred divinyl benzene, by weight based upon the total weight of the cross linked resin.
17. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the cross linked resin comprises about 65 % styrene, about 35 % butylacrylate, about 3 parts per hundred beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate, and about 1 part per hundred divinyl benzene, by weight based upon the total weight of the cross linked resin.
18. A toner comprising the toner composition of claim 1, possessing a metal content in an amount of about 400 to about 10,000 parts per million.
19. A toner comprising the toner composition of claim 1, possessing an aluminum content in an amount of about 400 to about 10,000 parts per million.
20. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the wax is an alkylene wax present in an amount of about 6 % to about 15 % by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
21. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the wax is an alkylene, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, or mixtures thereof.
22. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the wax is in the form of a dispersion comprising a wax having a particle diameter of about 100 to about 500 nanometers, water, and an anionic surfactant.
23. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the colorant comprises a pigment, a dye, carbon black, magnetite, black, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue, brown, or mixtures thereof, in an amount of about 1 %
to about 25 % by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
24. The toner of claim 1, wherein the colorant comprises a pigment dispersion comprising pigment particles having a volume average diameter of about 50 to about 300 nanometers, water, and an anionic surfactant.
25. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein at least one of the resin substantially free of cross linking and the cross linked resin comprises carboxylic acid in an amount of about 0.05 to about 10 weight percent based upon the total weight of the resin substantially free of cross linking or cross linked resin.
26. A toner process comprising:
mixing a resin substantially free of cross linking and a cross linked resin in the presence of a wax, a colorant, and a coagulant to provide toner size aggregates;
adding additional resin substantially free of cross linking to the formed aggregates thereby providing a shell over the formed aggregates;
heating the shell covered aggregates to form toner; and optionally, isolating the toner.
27. The toner process of claim 26, wherein the toner possesses a shape factor of about 120 to about 140, a circularity of about 0.930 to about 0.980, or a combination thereof.
28. A toner prepared with the toner process of claim 26, wherein the toner possesses a metal content in an amount of about 400 to about 10,000 parts per million.
29. The toner process of claim 26, wherein the wax is an alkylene wax, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, or mixtures thereof.
30. The toner process of claim 26, wherein the wax comprises a wax dispersion comprising a wax having a particle size of about 100 to about 500 nanometers, water, and an anionic surfactant.
31. The toner process of claim 26, wherein the colorant comprises a pigment dispersion comprising pigment particles having a size of about 50 to about 300 nanometers, water, and an anionic surfactant.
32. The toner process of claim 26, wherein the heating comprises a first heating below the glass transition temperature of the resin substantially free of cross linking and a second heating above the glass transition temperature of the resin substantially free of cross linking.
33. The toner process of claim 26, further comprising:
providing an anionic surfactant in an amount of about 0.01 % to about 20 % by weight based upon a total weight of the reaction mixture;
wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium dodecylsulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylnaphthalene sulfate, dialkyl benzenealkyl, sulfates, sulfonates, adipic acid, hexa decyldiphenyloxide disulfonate, or mixtures thereof.
34. The toner process of claim 26, wherein the shell has a thickness of about 0.3 to about 0.8 micrometers.
CA2528407A 2004-12-03 2005-11-25 Toner compositions Active CA2528407C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/003,581 US7645552B2 (en) 2004-12-03 2004-12-03 Toner compositions
US11/003,581 2004-12-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2528407A1 true CA2528407A1 (en) 2006-06-03
CA2528407C CA2528407C (en) 2010-05-04

Family

ID=36000892

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2528407A Active CA2528407C (en) 2004-12-03 2005-11-25 Toner compositions

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7645552B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1666977B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2006163398A (en)
CN (1) CN1782894A (en)
BR (1) BRPI0505383A (en)
CA (1) CA2528407C (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1666977A1 (en) 2006-06-07
US7645552B2 (en) 2010-01-12
CA2528407C (en) 2010-05-04
JP2006163398A (en) 2006-06-22
CN1782894A (en) 2006-06-07
BRPI0505383A (en) 2006-07-11
EP1666977B1 (en) 2015-09-30
US20060121384A1 (en) 2006-06-08

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