CA2535590A1 - Skylight having a molded plastic frame - Google Patents
Skylight having a molded plastic frame Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2535590A1 CA2535590A1 CA002535590A CA2535590A CA2535590A1 CA 2535590 A1 CA2535590 A1 CA 2535590A1 CA 002535590 A CA002535590 A CA 002535590A CA 2535590 A CA2535590 A CA 2535590A CA 2535590 A1 CA2535590 A1 CA 2535590A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- glass panel
- frame
- curb
- skylight
- step surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 234
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 39
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- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OXYZDRAJMHGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCl OXYZDRAJMHGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound COCCO[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)C=C WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004023 plastic welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003677 Sheet moulding compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005574 cross-species transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004412 Bulk moulding compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007407 health benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
- E04D13/03—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
- E04D13/0305—Supports or connecting means for sky-lights of flat or domed shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
- E04D13/03—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
- E04D13/0305—Supports or connecting means for sky-lights of flat or domed shape
- E04D13/0315—Supports or connecting means for sky-lights of flat or domed shape characterised by a curb frame
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/6617—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together one of the panes being larger than another
Abstract
The present invention provides a skylight frame design that is adapted to receive at least two panels of glass. The skylight frame comprises a stepped frame section that includes a lower step surface and an upper step surface.
The lower step surface is adapted to receive a first glass panel so that a section of the first glass panel lies flush against the lower step surface.
Similarly, the upper step surface is adapted to receive a second glass panel so that the second glass panel lies flush against the upper step surface. The skylight frame design of the invention is either incorporated into a skylight frame that may be attached to a curb unit on a roof or it may be an integral part of a skylight frame-curb assembly that also contains a curb section. In another embodiment of the invention, a skylight frame design which directly incorporates one or more panels of glass during molding is provided.
The lower step surface is adapted to receive a first glass panel so that a section of the first glass panel lies flush against the lower step surface.
Similarly, the upper step surface is adapted to receive a second glass panel so that the second glass panel lies flush against the upper step surface. The skylight frame design of the invention is either incorporated into a skylight frame that may be attached to a curb unit on a roof or it may be an integral part of a skylight frame-curb assembly that also contains a curb section. In another embodiment of the invention, a skylight frame design which directly incorporates one or more panels of glass during molding is provided.
Description
SKYLIGHT HAVING A MOLDED PLASTIC FRAME
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a skylight having a plastic frame.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a skylight having a plastic frame.
2. Background Art Skylights have been used to allow light into residential and commercial buildings through an opening. The aesthetic value and possible health benefits of having sunlight in buildings have lead to an increasing demand for these structures. Ideally, a skylight will let light in while keeping other environmental elements out. However, since the installation of a skylight requires that an opening be cut in a roof, sealing such units has presented numerous challenges.
Popular skylight configurations include, for example, fixed skylights with flat or domed-shaped glass, ventilation skylights, egress skylights, and balcony skylights. In the fixed skylight configuration, the skylight functions essentially as a window that does not open. Ventilation skylights are similar, but may be opened a few inches to allow air circulation. Ventilation skylights may be opened by a pole or by a small electric motor. Egress roof skylights are capable of being opened by a sufficient amount for a person to move through. Balcony roof skylights which are usually installed on relatively steep roofs open to form a small balcony on which a person may stand.
In the typical fixed skylight installation a rectangular opening is cut in a roof. This opening will go through the plywood sheets in the roof. A curb unit is then attached to the plywood sheets of the roof. The external curb surfaces are then flashed with either roof boards or metal sheets to provide a leak-tight seal between the curb and roof. The skylight frame is then attached to the top surface of the curb unit. The skylight frame will usually have one or more glass panels surrounded by an aluminum trim frame. The glass panels are separated by a spacer which seals the interior cavity between the panels. The configuration for the glass panels is the same as that typically used in insulated window constructions.
Transparent plastic panels may be used instead of glass panels. Additionally, the panels may be domed-shaped if desired. Such curbs are usually made of wood with a metal flashing along the sides of the curb. Generally, these curbs are fabricated on-site during the installation of the skylight. For stationary skylights, a leak tight seal will be formed between the skylight and the curb. Over time this leak tight seal often degrades and leaks. Furthermore, the application of a sealant to the curb may cause complications with the skylight manufacture tolerances by leaving a space between the metal flashing along the sides of the curb and the top of the curb.
Foamed tapes have been used in place of sealants. However, such tapes do not adhere as well as sealants. Gaskets have been applied to both seal the skylight frame to a curb and to file the space between the metal flashing and the curb. Such configurations tend to be expensive and require rather strict tolerances.
Moreover, the gasket can not be modified on-site.
Skylights have been formed with components made by reaction injection molding ("RIM"). U.S. Patent Number 5,061,531 ("the '531 patent") discloses a framed insulating glass unit with an integral skylight frame and an integral curb made by the RIM process. In the framed insulating glass unit of the '531 patent, two glass plates are molded into a frame member by a polyurethane RIM process. RIM is a process of molding plastic parts using liquid monomers.
It is capable of forming solid or foam parts that can vary from being flexible to extremely rigid. Polyurethanes are probably the most common plastics from which parts are made by the RIM process. RIM polyurethane is made by combining an isocyanate and a polyol.
In the typical RIM process, the liquids are pumped into and combined in a mixer under a pressure between about 1,500 and 3,000 psi. The liquids are then introduced into the mold under a low pressure (about 1 atm). An exothermic chemical reaction occurs in the mold causing the liquid to solidify without heating or cooling. Parts fabricated by RIM offer several advantages over other molding processes. Although parts produced by RIM are similar to parts made by injection molding, RIM parts may be made with shorter production time and less cost.
Furthermore, RIM does not require high temperatures or pressures typical of injection molding thereby making it possible to make the molds out of inexpensive materials such as aluminum. However, the RIM process presents a number of considerations that complicates part fabrication. Fox example, the processing temperature, pressure and viscosity must be accurately controlled since the polymerization of the monomers takes place in the mold. Furthermore, the mixing head must be completely purged after each part is formed to prevent clogging.
Finally, the relatively protracted cycle times for forming larger parts and the limited choices of polymers (mostly polyurethanes) make RIM a somewhat undesirable process.
Accordingly, there exists a need for an improved skylight that is inexpensive to fabricate with a minimal number of seamed junctions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the prior art by providing a skylight frame-curb assembly adapted to receive at least two panels of glass. The skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention comprises a quadrilateral frame and a stepped frame section that is integral to the quadrilateral frame. The stepped frame section includes a lower step surface and an upper step surface. The stepped frame section is able to receive a window assembly which has at least two window panels and which has an edge detail that is complementary to the stepped frame section. The window assembly is complementary by having at least a single step along its peripheral edges. In a variation, the lower step surface is adapted to receive a first glass panel so that a section of the first glass panel lies flush against the lower step surface. Similarly, the upper step surface is adapted to receive a second glass panel so that the second glass panel lies flush against the upper step surface. In another variation a spacer is interposed between the second glass panel and the upper step surface such that a surface of the spacer lies flush against the upper step surface (instead of the edge of the second glass panel.) The first glass panel is characterized by a first length and a first width and the second glass panel is characterized by a second length and a second width, such that the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than second width. The first and second glass panels are advantageously combined together in an insulated glass unit. The frame curb assembly further includes a curb section which is integral to the quadrilateral frame. The curb section includes a surface that is adapted to lie on a roof to which it is flashed in a leak tight manner by methods known to one skilled in the art of skylight installation.
In another embodiment of the invention, a skylight frame adapted to be attached to a curb is provided. The skylight frame includes a stepped frame section having a lower step surface and an upper step surface. The stepped frame section is adapted to receive a window assembly as set forth above. In a variation, the lower step surface is adapted to receive a first glass panel so that a section of the first glass panel lies flush against the lower step surface. Similarly, the upper step surface is adapted to receive a second glass panel so that the second glass panel lies flush against the upper step surface (or a spacer lies flush if such a spacer is interposed between the upper step surface and the second glass panel.) The first and second glass panels are advantageously combined together in an insulated glass uut.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a skylight frame-curb assembly having a U-shaped trough with a mounting flange extending from one side of the U-shaped trough is provided. The skylight frame-curb assembly of this embodiment also includes the stepped frame section as described above. The trough of the present embodiment is filled with a foamed plastic in order to provide rigidity while reducing the weight of the skylight frame-curb assembly.
~5 In another embodiment of the present invention, a skylight frame having one or more central support members is provided. The sides of the frame of this embodiment also include the stepped frame section described above. The one or more central support members include a lower step surface for receiving a lower glass panel. In this embodiment several lower glass panels are mounted between the lower step surfaces of the sides and the central support member. The upper glass surface in this design is a single glass panel which is received by the upper step surface of the sides. The upper glass panel also rests on the upper surface of the central support member.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a skylight frame-curb assembly fabricated by the RIM process is provided. In this embodiment, one or more glass panels are molded into the skylight frame section during formation of the skylight frame. The skylight frame assembly includes a frame section with slot adapted to hold one or more glass panels.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, an injection molded skylight curb unit is provided. The skylight curb unit includes four hollow sides that define a substantially rectangular or square opening. A flexible apron extends outwardly from the sides to provide a surface that is adapted to be placed on a rooftop. The side of the apron opposing the roof may be sealed to the roof and the entire apron flashed to a roof by methods known to those in the art of skylight installation.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method of making a skylight frame is provided. The method of this embodiment comprises extruding a plastic channel with a stepped frame section integral to a lower curb portion. The frame section is similar to that set forth above. The plastic channel is then cut into four side sections which are then combined together to form the skylight frame.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention;
FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention;
Popular skylight configurations include, for example, fixed skylights with flat or domed-shaped glass, ventilation skylights, egress skylights, and balcony skylights. In the fixed skylight configuration, the skylight functions essentially as a window that does not open. Ventilation skylights are similar, but may be opened a few inches to allow air circulation. Ventilation skylights may be opened by a pole or by a small electric motor. Egress roof skylights are capable of being opened by a sufficient amount for a person to move through. Balcony roof skylights which are usually installed on relatively steep roofs open to form a small balcony on which a person may stand.
In the typical fixed skylight installation a rectangular opening is cut in a roof. This opening will go through the plywood sheets in the roof. A curb unit is then attached to the plywood sheets of the roof. The external curb surfaces are then flashed with either roof boards or metal sheets to provide a leak-tight seal between the curb and roof. The skylight frame is then attached to the top surface of the curb unit. The skylight frame will usually have one or more glass panels surrounded by an aluminum trim frame. The glass panels are separated by a spacer which seals the interior cavity between the panels. The configuration for the glass panels is the same as that typically used in insulated window constructions.
Transparent plastic panels may be used instead of glass panels. Additionally, the panels may be domed-shaped if desired. Such curbs are usually made of wood with a metal flashing along the sides of the curb. Generally, these curbs are fabricated on-site during the installation of the skylight. For stationary skylights, a leak tight seal will be formed between the skylight and the curb. Over time this leak tight seal often degrades and leaks. Furthermore, the application of a sealant to the curb may cause complications with the skylight manufacture tolerances by leaving a space between the metal flashing along the sides of the curb and the top of the curb.
Foamed tapes have been used in place of sealants. However, such tapes do not adhere as well as sealants. Gaskets have been applied to both seal the skylight frame to a curb and to file the space between the metal flashing and the curb. Such configurations tend to be expensive and require rather strict tolerances.
Moreover, the gasket can not be modified on-site.
Skylights have been formed with components made by reaction injection molding ("RIM"). U.S. Patent Number 5,061,531 ("the '531 patent") discloses a framed insulating glass unit with an integral skylight frame and an integral curb made by the RIM process. In the framed insulating glass unit of the '531 patent, two glass plates are molded into a frame member by a polyurethane RIM process. RIM is a process of molding plastic parts using liquid monomers.
It is capable of forming solid or foam parts that can vary from being flexible to extremely rigid. Polyurethanes are probably the most common plastics from which parts are made by the RIM process. RIM polyurethane is made by combining an isocyanate and a polyol.
In the typical RIM process, the liquids are pumped into and combined in a mixer under a pressure between about 1,500 and 3,000 psi. The liquids are then introduced into the mold under a low pressure (about 1 atm). An exothermic chemical reaction occurs in the mold causing the liquid to solidify without heating or cooling. Parts fabricated by RIM offer several advantages over other molding processes. Although parts produced by RIM are similar to parts made by injection molding, RIM parts may be made with shorter production time and less cost.
Furthermore, RIM does not require high temperatures or pressures typical of injection molding thereby making it possible to make the molds out of inexpensive materials such as aluminum. However, the RIM process presents a number of considerations that complicates part fabrication. Fox example, the processing temperature, pressure and viscosity must be accurately controlled since the polymerization of the monomers takes place in the mold. Furthermore, the mixing head must be completely purged after each part is formed to prevent clogging.
Finally, the relatively protracted cycle times for forming larger parts and the limited choices of polymers (mostly polyurethanes) make RIM a somewhat undesirable process.
Accordingly, there exists a need for an improved skylight that is inexpensive to fabricate with a minimal number of seamed junctions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the prior art by providing a skylight frame-curb assembly adapted to receive at least two panels of glass. The skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention comprises a quadrilateral frame and a stepped frame section that is integral to the quadrilateral frame. The stepped frame section includes a lower step surface and an upper step surface. The stepped frame section is able to receive a window assembly which has at least two window panels and which has an edge detail that is complementary to the stepped frame section. The window assembly is complementary by having at least a single step along its peripheral edges. In a variation, the lower step surface is adapted to receive a first glass panel so that a section of the first glass panel lies flush against the lower step surface. Similarly, the upper step surface is adapted to receive a second glass panel so that the second glass panel lies flush against the upper step surface. In another variation a spacer is interposed between the second glass panel and the upper step surface such that a surface of the spacer lies flush against the upper step surface (instead of the edge of the second glass panel.) The first glass panel is characterized by a first length and a first width and the second glass panel is characterized by a second length and a second width, such that the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than second width. The first and second glass panels are advantageously combined together in an insulated glass unit. The frame curb assembly further includes a curb section which is integral to the quadrilateral frame. The curb section includes a surface that is adapted to lie on a roof to which it is flashed in a leak tight manner by methods known to one skilled in the art of skylight installation.
In another embodiment of the invention, a skylight frame adapted to be attached to a curb is provided. The skylight frame includes a stepped frame section having a lower step surface and an upper step surface. The stepped frame section is adapted to receive a window assembly as set forth above. In a variation, the lower step surface is adapted to receive a first glass panel so that a section of the first glass panel lies flush against the lower step surface. Similarly, the upper step surface is adapted to receive a second glass panel so that the second glass panel lies flush against the upper step surface (or a spacer lies flush if such a spacer is interposed between the upper step surface and the second glass panel.) The first and second glass panels are advantageously combined together in an insulated glass uut.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a skylight frame-curb assembly having a U-shaped trough with a mounting flange extending from one side of the U-shaped trough is provided. The skylight frame-curb assembly of this embodiment also includes the stepped frame section as described above. The trough of the present embodiment is filled with a foamed plastic in order to provide rigidity while reducing the weight of the skylight frame-curb assembly.
~5 In another embodiment of the present invention, a skylight frame having one or more central support members is provided. The sides of the frame of this embodiment also include the stepped frame section described above. The one or more central support members include a lower step surface for receiving a lower glass panel. In this embodiment several lower glass panels are mounted between the lower step surfaces of the sides and the central support member. The upper glass surface in this design is a single glass panel which is received by the upper step surface of the sides. The upper glass panel also rests on the upper surface of the central support member.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a skylight frame-curb assembly fabricated by the RIM process is provided. In this embodiment, one or more glass panels are molded into the skylight frame section during formation of the skylight frame. The skylight frame assembly includes a frame section with slot adapted to hold one or more glass panels.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, an injection molded skylight curb unit is provided. The skylight curb unit includes four hollow sides that define a substantially rectangular or square opening. A flexible apron extends outwardly from the sides to provide a surface that is adapted to be placed on a rooftop. The side of the apron opposing the roof may be sealed to the roof and the entire apron flashed to a roof by methods known to those in the art of skylight installation.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method of making a skylight frame is provided. The method of this embodiment comprises extruding a plastic channel with a stepped frame section integral to a lower curb portion. The frame section is similar to that set forth above. The plastic channel is then cut into four side sections which are then combined together to form the skylight frame.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention;
FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention;
FIGURE 3 is a cross-section of a skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention with an attached laminated glass sheet;
FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the stepped frame section is on a separate part from the curb;
FIGURE 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the frame curb assembly has a U-shaped trough with a mounting flange extending from one side of the U-shaped trough;
FIGURE 6 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention utilizing a central cross member;
FIGURE 7 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention utilizing a single central cross member;
FIGURE 8A is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention utilizing a two step cross member;
FIGURE 8B is a cross-sectional view of the two step cross member illustrated in Figure 8A;
FIGURE 9 is a cross-sectional view of a skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention made by reaction injection molding;
FIGURE 10 is a perspective view of a skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention made by reaction injection molding;
FIGURE 11A is a cross-section of a skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention made by reaction injection molding that has a stepped frame section;
FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the stepped frame section is on a separate part from the curb;
FIGURE 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the frame curb assembly has a U-shaped trough with a mounting flange extending from one side of the U-shaped trough;
FIGURE 6 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention utilizing a central cross member;
FIGURE 7 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention utilizing a single central cross member;
FIGURE 8A is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention utilizing a two step cross member;
FIGURE 8B is a cross-sectional view of the two step cross member illustrated in Figure 8A;
FIGURE 9 is a cross-sectional view of a skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention made by reaction injection molding;
FIGURE 10 is a perspective view of a skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention made by reaction injection molding;
FIGURE 11A is a cross-section of a skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention made by reaction injection molding that has a stepped frame section;
FIGURE 11B is a cross-section of a skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention made by reaction injection molding that has a stepped frame section with a spacer extending beyond the edge of the lower glass panel;
FIGURE 12 is a top perspective view of the injection molded skylight curb unit of the present invention;
FIGURE 13 is a bottom perspective view of the injection molded skylight curb unit of the present invention;
FIGURE 14 is cross-sectional view of an integrated skylight frame unit with a bottom cap section inserted into the skylight curb unit of Figures 12 and 13; and FIGURE 15 is a bottom view of an integrated skylight frame unit with a bottom cap section;
FIGURE 16A is a bottom view of a skylight frame-curb assembly constructed from four mitered sides;
FIGURE 16 B is a cross-sectional through one of the sides of the skylight frame-curb assembly described by Figure 16A; and FIGURE 17 is a bottom view of a skylight frame-curb assembly constructed from four sides with a with a U-shaped channel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made in detail to presently preferred compositions or embodiments and methods of the invention, which constitute the best modes of practicing the invention presently known to the inventors.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a skylight frame-curb assembly adapted to receive at least two panels of glass is provided. The skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention comprises a quadrilateral frame with an integral stepped frame section. The quadrilateral frame is preferably substantially rectangular. The stepped frame section includes a lower step surface and an upper step surface. The stepped frame section is able to receive a window assembly which has at least two window panels and which has an edge detail that is complementary to the stepped frame section. The window assembly is complementary by having at least a single step along its peripheral edges. In one variation, the lower step surface is adapted to receive a first glass panel so that a section of the first glass panel lies flush against the lower step surface.
Similarly, the upper step surface is adapted to receive a second glass panel so that the second glass panel lies flush against the upper step surface. In another variation, a spacer lies flush against the upper step surface if such a spacer is interposed between the upper step surface and the second glass panel. The present invention also includes other skylight frame designs that may include additional stepped frame sections for receiving window assemblies with more complicated edge detail.
With reference to Figures 1 and 2, a perspective view of a cross-section and a top view of the skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention is provided. Skylight frame-curb assembly 2 includes sides 4, 6, 8, 10 which define opening 12. Opening 12 is of appropriate size to line up with a skylight opening curb into a roof. Sides 4, 6, 8, 10 each include stepped frame section 14 and curb section 16 -which are integral to skylight frame-curb assembly 2. Stepped frame section 14 includes lower step surface 18 and an upper step surface 20. Lower step surface 18 is adapted to receive glass surface 22 of glass panel 24 and upper step surface 20 is adapted to receive glass surface 26 of glass panel 28.
Specifically, glass peripheral surface 30 opposes lower step surface 18 and glass peripheral surface 32 opposes upper stepped surface 20. Glass panel 24 is characterized by a first length and a first width and glass panel 28 is characterized by a second length and a second width, such that the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than second width. Preferably, glass panel 24 and glass panel 28 are combined together in insulated glass unit 34 with a spacer 36. In a variation of _g_ this embodiment, spacer 36 may extend beyond the edge of glass panel 24. In this variation a lower surface of spacer 36 opposes upper step surface 20 (see the description of Figure 11B set forth below.) Alternatively, glass panel 24 and glass panel 28 are laminated together like an automobile windshield. Suitable laminates include, for example, polyvinylbutyral. Lamination of glass panels 24, 28 provide added protection from glass breakage. Stepped frame section 14 corresponds in shape to the edge detail and thickness of the insulating glass unit (or the laminated glass unit) so that the insulating glass unit is mounted flush.
The skylight of the present design lends itself to a wide array of aesthetic appearances. The insulated glass units can be fabricated using colored glass to achieve a desired color and thermal properties. Alternatively, one or more surfaces of glass panels 24 and 28 may be coated with thin films to alter the appearance of the skylight or to provide solar control properties. For example, in northern climates a low E coating is applied to one or more of the glass surfaces.
In southern climates, reflective coatings capable of rejecting 80-90 % of the radiant energy could be utilized to minimize air conditioning costs. Furthermore, the color of the glass panel on the peripheral portion can be selected to provide the desired aesthetic appearance. Curb section 16 optionally includes a number of bolt holes 37 so that skylight frame curb assembly 2 may be attached to a roof. During installation, curb section 16 will be flashed to the roof by methods known to those skilled in the art of skylight installation. Skylight frame-curb assembly 2 optionally includes trim strip 38 which can be provided at the overlap of insulated glass unit 34 and skylight frame-curb assembly 2.
Skylight frame-curb assembly 2 may be formed from any suitable material which supplies suitable mechanical stiffness and resistance to deterioration from environment factors such a temperature, humidity, sun light, air, rain, snow, hale, and the like. Suitable materials include for example various plastics, wood, and metals. The preferred materials are plastics and in particular thermoplastic resins such as polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, or nylon. When a plastic is utilized to mold skylight frame-curb assembly 2 a glass fiber reinforcement filler may be used in the plastic composition selected in order to minimize the thermal expansion of skylight frame-curb assembly 2. Skylight frame-curb assembly 2 may be formed by a number of different molding processes. For example, skylight frame-curb 2 may be formed by injection molding, compression molding, or by RIM. When the RIM process is used to form the skylight frame-curb assemblies of the invention preferably polyurethane is used as the material of construction. The preferred molding process is chosen to improve strength and to minimize part weight and to provide optimum thermal insulation qualities. To this end, skylight frame-curb assembly 2 optionally includes one or more hollow cores 39 that may be filled with foamed plastic 40. Skylight frame-curb assemblies with hollow cavities may be made by gas assisted injection molding which uses a conventional injection molding press equipped with a spillover control and a mold equipped with gas injection and spillover points. Suitable gas assisted injection molding processes which may be used to form the skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,019,918. The entire disclosure of this patent is hereby incorporated by reference. The foam material is then introduced through inlet holes after the frame is molded. Alternatively, the part can be molded utilizing a plastic foaming agent, the surface of the plastic part having a smooth uniform skin while the inner core contains a series of gas bubbles forming a rigid foam or sponge-like core. The skylight frame-curb assembly may also be made by compression molding using either sheet molding compound ("SMC") or bulk molding compound.
Insulating glass unit 34 is bonded to stepped flange section 14 of skylight frame-curb assembly 2 utilizing adhesives in a manner similar to mounting a flush glazed windshield in an automobile. Preferably, glass surface 26 of the glass panel 28 has a peripheral edge painted to provide an aesthetic detail as well as improve the adhesion of the bond between the glass pane 28 and frame curb assembly 2. Optionally, grooves 42, 44 may be formed on lower step surface 18 and upper step surface 20 in order to provide a relatively thick bead of adhesive in order to accommodate some slight relative movement due to the differential thermal expansion of insulated glass unit 34 in order to further minimize the mold expansion problems.
With reference to Figure 3, a cross-section of a skylight frame-curb assembly with an attached laminated glass sheet is provided. In this variation glass panel 24 and glass panel 28 are laminated together with laminate layer 50.
Glass panel 28 is slightly larger than glass panel 24. Glass edge 30 opposes lower step surface 18 and glass edge 30 opposes upper stepped surface 20. In this variation, height 52 must be of appropriate dimensions to allow an effective seal when an adhesive is applied to lower set surface 18 and upper step surface 20.
Generally, height 52 will be several millimeters.
With reference to Figure 4, a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the stepped frame section is on a separate part from the curb is provided. Frame 60 includes stepped frame section 14 which is the same as set forth above. Stepped frame section 14 includes lower step surface and upper step surface 20. Lower step surface 18 is adapted to receive glass surface 22 of glass panel 24 and upper step surface 20 is adapted to receive glass surface 26 of glass panel 28 with or without a spacer interposed between glass panel 28 and upper step surface 20. Glass panel 24 is characterized by a first length and a first width and glass panel 28 is characterized by a second length and a second width, such that the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than second width. Preferably, glass panel 24 and glass panel 28 are combined together in insulating glass unit 34 or a laminated glass unit as set forth above.
Frame 60 may be formed from the same materials and by the same molding processes as set forth above. Frame 60 is attached to curb 62. This attachment may be accomplished by means known to one skilled in the art of skylight installation.
Preferably, frame 60 is bolted to curb 62 by bolts 64. Optionally, a sealant may be placed on one or more of.seams 66, 68, 70 to reduce the possibility of water leaking from the skylight. The frame assembly of this embodiment allows insulated glass unit 34 and frame 60 to be replaced in the event a window is damaged during or after construction. This is to be contrasted with a damaged insulated glass unit for the design of Figures l and 2, which would require replacement in a manner similar to the replacement of an automobile windshield. The two piece design of the present embodiment enables a less skilled person to do the window replacement by unbolting frame 60 and replacing the whole unit -- frame 60 and insulated glass unit 32. Moreover, insulated glass unit and frames can be made standard sizes and matched up with curbs of a selected height and thermal quality for the specific market.
With reference to Figure 5, a cross-section of another embodiment of the present invention in which the frame curb assembly has a U-shaped trough with a mounting flange extending from one side of the U-shaped trough is provided.
Skylight frame-curb assembly 70 includes stepped frame section 14. As set forth above, stepped frame section 14 includes lower step surface 18 and upper step surface 20. Again, lower step surface 18 is adapted to receive glass surface 22 of glass panel 24 and upper step surface 20 is adapted to receive glass surface 26 of glass panel 28 with or without a spacer interposed between glass panel 28 and upper step surface 20. Glass panel 24 is characterized by a first length and a first width and glass panel 28 is characterized by a second length and a second width, such that the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than second width. Preferably, glass panel 24 and glass panel 28 are combined together in insulated glass unit 34 with a spacer 36. Skylight frame-curb assembly include sides 72, 74, 76 which define trough 78. Curb section 80 includes mounting flange 82 which extends from the bottom of side 72. Ribs 84 extend from bottom surface 86 of mounting flange 82 to provide stiffness. Skylight frame-curb assembly 70 may be formed by the same molding processes as described above which include injection molding from thermoplastic resins or by RIM. After skylight frame-curb assembly 70 is molded, trough 78 is filled with foamed plastic 88 in a second operation. Foamed plastic 88 provides rigidity to skylight frame-curb assembly as well as good thermal insulation. Glass panels 24, 28 are installed in a similar manner to the installation of an automobile windshield. Accordingly, an adhesive is applied between glass edge 30 and lower step surface 18 and between glass edge 32 and upper stepped surface 34.
With reference to Figures 6 and 7, cross sectional and top views of various frame assemblies utilizing a central cross member of an embodiment of the present invention in which a series of frame configurations having a central cross member for supporting multiple insulating glass units in a single frame are provided.
Figure 6 provides a cross-section of the present embodiment in which a central cross member is utilized. Figure 7 provides a top view of the assembly illustrated in Figure 6. Skylight frame 102 includes side sections 104, 106, 108, 110 and central cross member 112. Side sections 104, 106, 108, 110 each include stepped frame section 14 which has described above. Cross member 112 includes cross member step section which has lower step surface 114 and top surface 116. Skylight frame 102 includes stepped frame section 119 which has been set forth above. In this configuration, glass panels 118, 120 are placed in skylight frame 102 such that a peripheral section of glass surface 122 opposes lower step surfaces 124 and lower step surfaces 114. Larger glass panel 120 is positioned in frame 102 such that a peripheral section of surface 126 opposes upper step surfaces 128. Central portion 136 of glass panel 126 lies on and is supported by top surface 116 of cross member 112. The frame assemblies of the present embodiment allows large skylights to be fabricated and ganged together to form large panels of minimal viewing area blocked by cross members of structural supports. Because the outside surface of the skylight assembly is made from a single piece of glass the outside appearance is substantially uniform.
With reference to Figures 8A and 8B, an alternative design for a skylight with one or more cross members is provided. Figure 8A provides a top view of this embodiment utilizing a two step cross member, while Figure 8B is a cross section of the cross member used in this embodiment. In this variation, frame 138 includes sides 140, 142, 144, 146 and cross members 148. Each of sides 140, 142, 144, 146 include a stepped frame section as set forth above. Figure 8B
provides a cross section of the two step cross member of the present invention.
Cross member 148 includes stepped frame sections 150 with lower step surface and upper step surface 154. Glass surface 156 opposes lower step surface 152 and glass surface 158 opposes upper step surface 154 in a similar manner as described in the discussion of Figures 1 and 2.
With reference to Figures 9 and 10, another embodiment of the present invention in which a skylight frame is molded about an insulating glass is provided. In this embodiment, one or more glass panels are molded into the skylight frame section during formation of the frame. Preferably, this molding operation is a RIM molding process using polyurethane. Figure 9 provides a cross-sectional view and Figure 10 provides a top perspective view of the skylight frame assembly of this embodiment. Skylight frame assembly 170 includes frame section 172 which has U-shaped channel 173. U-shaped channel 173 is adapted to hold one or more glass panels. Preferably, a multiglazed window unit will be held in U-shaped channel 173. Glass panel 176 and glass panel 178 are adhered together by spacer 180 to form a double glassed insulated window unit 182. Bottom surface of U-shaped channel 173 opposes glass surface edge 186 of glass panel 176.
Similarly top surface 188 of U-shaped channel 173 oppose glass surface edge of glass panel 178. Bottom surface 184 and top surface 188 in combination with back surface 191 define U shaped channel 173. Finally, the skylight frame assembly of this embodiment optionally includes curb section 192 to facilitate placement of the skylight frame assembly on a roof. To enhance adhesion, glass panels 176, 178 should be cleaned and dried prior to molding of frame 170 around glass panels 176, 178. Moreover, the application of one or more coupling agents prior to molding is found to further enhance adhesion. More preferably, two or more coupling agents are applied to the glass surfaces prior to molding of the skylight frame. Silane coupling agents include vinylsilanes, acryloxy compounds, epoxysilanes, aminosilanes, and organosilane esters. Vinylsilane coupling agents include, for example, vinyltricolosilane, vinyl tris((3-methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyltriethoxysilane. An example of an acryloxy coupling agent is 3-metacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane. Examples of epoxysilane coupling agents include for example, /3-(3,4 epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxysilane, 'y-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, and'y-glycidoxypropyl-methylidiethoxysilane.
Examples of aminosilane coupling agents include for example, N-(3 (aminoethyl)-~y-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, N-(3(aminoethyl)-y-aminopropyl-methyldimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, N-phenyl-~y-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane. An example of an organosilane ester is methyl triethoxysilane. Other silane coupling agents are ~y-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane and y-chloropropyl-trimethoxysilane. Silane coupling agents are commercially available from Union Carbide Corporation and Mitsubishi International Corporation.
In another variation of this embodiment, adhesion of the glass surfaces to the RIM
formed frame is formed by treatment of the glass surfaces with one or more primers.
Suitable primers include Betaseal'~ 43518 Glass Primer and Betaseal'~ 43520A
Glass Primer commercially available from Dow Chemical Company. BetasealT"z 43518 Glass Primer is a proprietary composition which includes toluene, methyl alcohol, and an organosilane. Betaseal'~ 43520A Glass Primer is a proprietary composition which includes toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, carbon black, n-butyl acetate, potassium oxide, xylene, polyurethane, polyester, and an organosilane.
Typically, the glass is first treated with BetasealT"' 43518 Glass Primer and then BetasealTM
43520A. It is readily apparent that these primers and in particular the BetasealTM
43518 Glass Primer and BetasealTM 43520A contain a number of components that improve adhesion of the RIM molded frame to the glass panels.
Figures 11A and 11B provide cross-sectional views of skylight frames with an embedded insulating glass unit having a stepped frame section. With reference to Figure 11A, skylight frame section 200 includes stepped frame section 202. Stepped frame section 202 includes lower step suiface 204, upper step surface 206, upper channel surface 208. Moreover, skylight frame section 200 includes channel 210 which is defined by upper step surface 206, back surface 212, and upper channel surface 208. Lower step surface 204 opposes glass surface 214 of glass panel 216 and upper step surface 206 opposes glass surface 218 of glass panel 220. Similarly, upper channel surface 208 opposes glass surface 222 of glass panel 220. As set forth above, glass panel 216 and glass panel 220 are combined together in insulated glass unit 224 with a spacer 226. The skylight frame design of this embodiment is advantageously molded around glass panels 216, 220. The preferred method of molding this embodiment is RIM using polyurethane. Again, adhesion is enhanced by cleaning and drying glass plates 216, 220 prior to molding skylight frame 200 followed by application of one or more coupling agents. The preferred coupling agents are the same as those set forth above. Alternatively, one or more primers are used to enhance adhesion as set forth above. With reference to Figure 11A an embodiment where spacer 226 extends past the edge of glass panel 216 is provided. In this variation, lower step surface 204 opposes glass surface 214 of glass panel 216 and upper step surface 206 opposes a lower surface of spacer 226.
Again, upper channel surface 208 opposes glass surface 222 of glass panel 220.
With reference to Figures 12 and 13, a skylight curb unit adaptable to a skylight frame is illustrated. Figure 12 is a top perspective view and Figure 13 is a bottom perspective view of the skylight curb unit of this embodiment.
The skylight curb unit is preferably made of a plastic or rigid polymer by injection molding. Skylight curb unit 230 includes curb sides 232, 234, 236, 238 that define substantially rectangular or square opening 240. Curb sides 232, 234, 236, 238 include interior walls 242, 244, 246, 248 and exterior walls 250, 252, 254, 256.
Rigidity is provided to the curb unit by rib network that includes ribs 258 that connect to interior walls 242, 244, 246, 248 and exterior walls 250, 252, 254, 256.
The rib network in conjunction with interior walls 242, 244, 246, 248 and exterior walls 250, 252, 254, 256 defines slots 260, 262. Flexible apron 264 extends outwardly from curb sides 232, 234, 236, 238 to provide bottom surface 266 that is adapted to be placed on a rooftop. Top surface 268 of curb unit 230 is adapted to receive a skylight frame unit. Optionally, a gasket and/or a sealant is placed on top surface 268 for this purpose. Bottom surface 266 includes a plurality of bolt holes 270 to receive bolts used to attach the skylight curb unit to a roof.
These bolts are passed through slots 260, 262 for this purpose. Moreover, apron 264 may be flashed to a roof by methods known to those in the art of skylight installation. The curb unit of this embodiment is preferably made by injection molding with a thermoplastic resin. Suitable thermoplastic resins include, for example, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, or nylon.
With reference to Figures 14 and 15, a skylight frame unit adapted be attached to the curb unit of Figures 12 and 13 is described. Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the skylight frame unit with a bottom cap section inserted into the skylight curb unit of Figures 12 and 13. Figure 15 is a bottom view of the skylight frame unit of this embodiment. Skylight frame 300 includes stepped frame section 302 for receiving a window assembly. The details of stepped frame section 302 are the same as those set forth above for Figures 1 and 2. Stepped frame section includes lower step surface 304 and an upper step surface 306. In a variation, lower step surface 304 is adapted to receive glass surface 308 of glass panel 310 and upper step surface 306 is adapted to receive glass surface 312 of glass panel 314 (with or without a spacer interposed between glass surface 312 and upper step surface 306.) Skylight frame 300 also includes insert sections 316 and 318 which are adapted to slide into slots 260, 262 of the skylight curb unit described in Figures 12 and 13.
Skylight frame 300 is held in place by screw 320 which passes through wall 250 into insert section 316. Alternatively, a pin may be used instead of screw 320.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming the skylight frame described above in Figures 1-3 is provided. The method of this embodiment comprises extruding a plastic channel with a stepped frame section integral to the plastic channel having a lower step surface and upper step surface; cutting the plastic channel to form a first frame side, a second frame side, a third frame side, and a fourth frame side; and combining the first frame side, the second frame side, the third frame side, and the fourth frame side together to form the skylight frame. The details of the stepped frame section and curb section if present are the same as set forth above for Figures 1-4. Moreover, the plastic channel preferably comprises a plastic selected from the group consisting of polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, or nylon.
With reference to Figures 16A and 16B, a skylight frame assembly constructed from four sides is illustrated. Figure 16A is a bottom view of a skylight frame-curb assembly constructed from four sides, while Figure 16 B is a cross section through one of the sides when the skylight frame assembly includes a curb section. Skylight frame-curb assembly 270 is assembled from sides 272, 274, 276, 278 which have been cut from an extruded channel. Sides 272, 274, 276, 278 are mitered together as beveled joints 280, 282, 284, 286. Sides 272, 274, 276, include frame step section 290 and curb section 292. Frame step section 290 includes lower step surface 294 and upper step surface 296 which is similar to the frame step section of Figures 1-3. Moreover, sides 272, 274, 276, 278 include hollow cavity 298. Optionally, angular inserts 322 are placed within sides 272, 274, 276, 278 as the sides are joined together. These inserts provide rigidity and support to the skylight frame-curb assembly and may extend into hollow cavity 298 for any length desired. Beveled joints 280, 282, 284, 286 are welded together to form a leak tight seal. Suitable processes for this welding include, for example, conventional plastic welding with a heat source and a plastic welding rod, laser welding, and solvent bonding. Optionally, hollow cavity 298 is filled with foamed plastic 310 which is introduced into hollow cavity 298 through inlet holes 324. Vent holes 326 provide a venting path while the foamed plastic is added. The assembly of the skylight frame-curb assembly set forth in this embodiment may be applied the fabrication of the sky-light curb assembly of Figures 1-3. Similarly, the present embodiment may be applied to the fabrication of the skylight frame of Figure 4 except that the four sides do not have an integral curb section.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming the skylight frame-curb assembly described above in Figure 5 is provided.
The method of this embodiment comprises extruding a plastic U-shaped channel with a stepped frame section integral to the plastic channel having a lower step surface and upper step surface. The details of the stepped frame section'and the cross section of the U-shaped channel are the same as set forth above for Figure 5.
With reference to Figure 17, a bottom view of a skylight frame assembly with a U-shaped channel constructed from four sides is illustrated.
Skylight frame-curb assembly 330 is assembled from sides 332, 334, 336, 338 which have been cut from an extruded U-shaped channel. Sides 332, 334, 336, are mitered together as beveled joints 340, 342, 344, 346. Sides 332, 334, 336, 338 includes a stepped frame section and curb section (not shown) as set forth for Figure 5. Sides 332, 334, 336, 338 include U-shaped trough 350. Beveled joints 340, 342, 344, 346 are welded together to form a leak tight seal. Suitable processes for this welding include, for example, conventional plastic welding with a heat source and a plastic welding rod, laser welding, and solvent bonding. Optionally, U
shaped trough 350 is filled with foamed plastic 352.
While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
FIGURE 12 is a top perspective view of the injection molded skylight curb unit of the present invention;
FIGURE 13 is a bottom perspective view of the injection molded skylight curb unit of the present invention;
FIGURE 14 is cross-sectional view of an integrated skylight frame unit with a bottom cap section inserted into the skylight curb unit of Figures 12 and 13; and FIGURE 15 is a bottom view of an integrated skylight frame unit with a bottom cap section;
FIGURE 16A is a bottom view of a skylight frame-curb assembly constructed from four mitered sides;
FIGURE 16 B is a cross-sectional through one of the sides of the skylight frame-curb assembly described by Figure 16A; and FIGURE 17 is a bottom view of a skylight frame-curb assembly constructed from four sides with a with a U-shaped channel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made in detail to presently preferred compositions or embodiments and methods of the invention, which constitute the best modes of practicing the invention presently known to the inventors.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a skylight frame-curb assembly adapted to receive at least two panels of glass is provided. The skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention comprises a quadrilateral frame with an integral stepped frame section. The quadrilateral frame is preferably substantially rectangular. The stepped frame section includes a lower step surface and an upper step surface. The stepped frame section is able to receive a window assembly which has at least two window panels and which has an edge detail that is complementary to the stepped frame section. The window assembly is complementary by having at least a single step along its peripheral edges. In one variation, the lower step surface is adapted to receive a first glass panel so that a section of the first glass panel lies flush against the lower step surface.
Similarly, the upper step surface is adapted to receive a second glass panel so that the second glass panel lies flush against the upper step surface. In another variation, a spacer lies flush against the upper step surface if such a spacer is interposed between the upper step surface and the second glass panel. The present invention also includes other skylight frame designs that may include additional stepped frame sections for receiving window assemblies with more complicated edge detail.
With reference to Figures 1 and 2, a perspective view of a cross-section and a top view of the skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention is provided. Skylight frame-curb assembly 2 includes sides 4, 6, 8, 10 which define opening 12. Opening 12 is of appropriate size to line up with a skylight opening curb into a roof. Sides 4, 6, 8, 10 each include stepped frame section 14 and curb section 16 -which are integral to skylight frame-curb assembly 2. Stepped frame section 14 includes lower step surface 18 and an upper step surface 20. Lower step surface 18 is adapted to receive glass surface 22 of glass panel 24 and upper step surface 20 is adapted to receive glass surface 26 of glass panel 28.
Specifically, glass peripheral surface 30 opposes lower step surface 18 and glass peripheral surface 32 opposes upper stepped surface 20. Glass panel 24 is characterized by a first length and a first width and glass panel 28 is characterized by a second length and a second width, such that the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than second width. Preferably, glass panel 24 and glass panel 28 are combined together in insulated glass unit 34 with a spacer 36. In a variation of _g_ this embodiment, spacer 36 may extend beyond the edge of glass panel 24. In this variation a lower surface of spacer 36 opposes upper step surface 20 (see the description of Figure 11B set forth below.) Alternatively, glass panel 24 and glass panel 28 are laminated together like an automobile windshield. Suitable laminates include, for example, polyvinylbutyral. Lamination of glass panels 24, 28 provide added protection from glass breakage. Stepped frame section 14 corresponds in shape to the edge detail and thickness of the insulating glass unit (or the laminated glass unit) so that the insulating glass unit is mounted flush.
The skylight of the present design lends itself to a wide array of aesthetic appearances. The insulated glass units can be fabricated using colored glass to achieve a desired color and thermal properties. Alternatively, one or more surfaces of glass panels 24 and 28 may be coated with thin films to alter the appearance of the skylight or to provide solar control properties. For example, in northern climates a low E coating is applied to one or more of the glass surfaces.
In southern climates, reflective coatings capable of rejecting 80-90 % of the radiant energy could be utilized to minimize air conditioning costs. Furthermore, the color of the glass panel on the peripheral portion can be selected to provide the desired aesthetic appearance. Curb section 16 optionally includes a number of bolt holes 37 so that skylight frame curb assembly 2 may be attached to a roof. During installation, curb section 16 will be flashed to the roof by methods known to those skilled in the art of skylight installation. Skylight frame-curb assembly 2 optionally includes trim strip 38 which can be provided at the overlap of insulated glass unit 34 and skylight frame-curb assembly 2.
Skylight frame-curb assembly 2 may be formed from any suitable material which supplies suitable mechanical stiffness and resistance to deterioration from environment factors such a temperature, humidity, sun light, air, rain, snow, hale, and the like. Suitable materials include for example various plastics, wood, and metals. The preferred materials are plastics and in particular thermoplastic resins such as polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, or nylon. When a plastic is utilized to mold skylight frame-curb assembly 2 a glass fiber reinforcement filler may be used in the plastic composition selected in order to minimize the thermal expansion of skylight frame-curb assembly 2. Skylight frame-curb assembly 2 may be formed by a number of different molding processes. For example, skylight frame-curb 2 may be formed by injection molding, compression molding, or by RIM. When the RIM process is used to form the skylight frame-curb assemblies of the invention preferably polyurethane is used as the material of construction. The preferred molding process is chosen to improve strength and to minimize part weight and to provide optimum thermal insulation qualities. To this end, skylight frame-curb assembly 2 optionally includes one or more hollow cores 39 that may be filled with foamed plastic 40. Skylight frame-curb assemblies with hollow cavities may be made by gas assisted injection molding which uses a conventional injection molding press equipped with a spillover control and a mold equipped with gas injection and spillover points. Suitable gas assisted injection molding processes which may be used to form the skylight frame-curb assembly of the present invention are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,019,918. The entire disclosure of this patent is hereby incorporated by reference. The foam material is then introduced through inlet holes after the frame is molded. Alternatively, the part can be molded utilizing a plastic foaming agent, the surface of the plastic part having a smooth uniform skin while the inner core contains a series of gas bubbles forming a rigid foam or sponge-like core. The skylight frame-curb assembly may also be made by compression molding using either sheet molding compound ("SMC") or bulk molding compound.
Insulating glass unit 34 is bonded to stepped flange section 14 of skylight frame-curb assembly 2 utilizing adhesives in a manner similar to mounting a flush glazed windshield in an automobile. Preferably, glass surface 26 of the glass panel 28 has a peripheral edge painted to provide an aesthetic detail as well as improve the adhesion of the bond between the glass pane 28 and frame curb assembly 2. Optionally, grooves 42, 44 may be formed on lower step surface 18 and upper step surface 20 in order to provide a relatively thick bead of adhesive in order to accommodate some slight relative movement due to the differential thermal expansion of insulated glass unit 34 in order to further minimize the mold expansion problems.
With reference to Figure 3, a cross-section of a skylight frame-curb assembly with an attached laminated glass sheet is provided. In this variation glass panel 24 and glass panel 28 are laminated together with laminate layer 50.
Glass panel 28 is slightly larger than glass panel 24. Glass edge 30 opposes lower step surface 18 and glass edge 30 opposes upper stepped surface 20. In this variation, height 52 must be of appropriate dimensions to allow an effective seal when an adhesive is applied to lower set surface 18 and upper step surface 20.
Generally, height 52 will be several millimeters.
With reference to Figure 4, a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the stepped frame section is on a separate part from the curb is provided. Frame 60 includes stepped frame section 14 which is the same as set forth above. Stepped frame section 14 includes lower step surface and upper step surface 20. Lower step surface 18 is adapted to receive glass surface 22 of glass panel 24 and upper step surface 20 is adapted to receive glass surface 26 of glass panel 28 with or without a spacer interposed between glass panel 28 and upper step surface 20. Glass panel 24 is characterized by a first length and a first width and glass panel 28 is characterized by a second length and a second width, such that the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than second width. Preferably, glass panel 24 and glass panel 28 are combined together in insulating glass unit 34 or a laminated glass unit as set forth above.
Frame 60 may be formed from the same materials and by the same molding processes as set forth above. Frame 60 is attached to curb 62. This attachment may be accomplished by means known to one skilled in the art of skylight installation.
Preferably, frame 60 is bolted to curb 62 by bolts 64. Optionally, a sealant may be placed on one or more of.seams 66, 68, 70 to reduce the possibility of water leaking from the skylight. The frame assembly of this embodiment allows insulated glass unit 34 and frame 60 to be replaced in the event a window is damaged during or after construction. This is to be contrasted with a damaged insulated glass unit for the design of Figures l and 2, which would require replacement in a manner similar to the replacement of an automobile windshield. The two piece design of the present embodiment enables a less skilled person to do the window replacement by unbolting frame 60 and replacing the whole unit -- frame 60 and insulated glass unit 32. Moreover, insulated glass unit and frames can be made standard sizes and matched up with curbs of a selected height and thermal quality for the specific market.
With reference to Figure 5, a cross-section of another embodiment of the present invention in which the frame curb assembly has a U-shaped trough with a mounting flange extending from one side of the U-shaped trough is provided.
Skylight frame-curb assembly 70 includes stepped frame section 14. As set forth above, stepped frame section 14 includes lower step surface 18 and upper step surface 20. Again, lower step surface 18 is adapted to receive glass surface 22 of glass panel 24 and upper step surface 20 is adapted to receive glass surface 26 of glass panel 28 with or without a spacer interposed between glass panel 28 and upper step surface 20. Glass panel 24 is characterized by a first length and a first width and glass panel 28 is characterized by a second length and a second width, such that the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than second width. Preferably, glass panel 24 and glass panel 28 are combined together in insulated glass unit 34 with a spacer 36. Skylight frame-curb assembly include sides 72, 74, 76 which define trough 78. Curb section 80 includes mounting flange 82 which extends from the bottom of side 72. Ribs 84 extend from bottom surface 86 of mounting flange 82 to provide stiffness. Skylight frame-curb assembly 70 may be formed by the same molding processes as described above which include injection molding from thermoplastic resins or by RIM. After skylight frame-curb assembly 70 is molded, trough 78 is filled with foamed plastic 88 in a second operation. Foamed plastic 88 provides rigidity to skylight frame-curb assembly as well as good thermal insulation. Glass panels 24, 28 are installed in a similar manner to the installation of an automobile windshield. Accordingly, an adhesive is applied between glass edge 30 and lower step surface 18 and between glass edge 32 and upper stepped surface 34.
With reference to Figures 6 and 7, cross sectional and top views of various frame assemblies utilizing a central cross member of an embodiment of the present invention in which a series of frame configurations having a central cross member for supporting multiple insulating glass units in a single frame are provided.
Figure 6 provides a cross-section of the present embodiment in which a central cross member is utilized. Figure 7 provides a top view of the assembly illustrated in Figure 6. Skylight frame 102 includes side sections 104, 106, 108, 110 and central cross member 112. Side sections 104, 106, 108, 110 each include stepped frame section 14 which has described above. Cross member 112 includes cross member step section which has lower step surface 114 and top surface 116. Skylight frame 102 includes stepped frame section 119 which has been set forth above. In this configuration, glass panels 118, 120 are placed in skylight frame 102 such that a peripheral section of glass surface 122 opposes lower step surfaces 124 and lower step surfaces 114. Larger glass panel 120 is positioned in frame 102 such that a peripheral section of surface 126 opposes upper step surfaces 128. Central portion 136 of glass panel 126 lies on and is supported by top surface 116 of cross member 112. The frame assemblies of the present embodiment allows large skylights to be fabricated and ganged together to form large panels of minimal viewing area blocked by cross members of structural supports. Because the outside surface of the skylight assembly is made from a single piece of glass the outside appearance is substantially uniform.
With reference to Figures 8A and 8B, an alternative design for a skylight with one or more cross members is provided. Figure 8A provides a top view of this embodiment utilizing a two step cross member, while Figure 8B is a cross section of the cross member used in this embodiment. In this variation, frame 138 includes sides 140, 142, 144, 146 and cross members 148. Each of sides 140, 142, 144, 146 include a stepped frame section as set forth above. Figure 8B
provides a cross section of the two step cross member of the present invention.
Cross member 148 includes stepped frame sections 150 with lower step surface and upper step surface 154. Glass surface 156 opposes lower step surface 152 and glass surface 158 opposes upper step surface 154 in a similar manner as described in the discussion of Figures 1 and 2.
With reference to Figures 9 and 10, another embodiment of the present invention in which a skylight frame is molded about an insulating glass is provided. In this embodiment, one or more glass panels are molded into the skylight frame section during formation of the frame. Preferably, this molding operation is a RIM molding process using polyurethane. Figure 9 provides a cross-sectional view and Figure 10 provides a top perspective view of the skylight frame assembly of this embodiment. Skylight frame assembly 170 includes frame section 172 which has U-shaped channel 173. U-shaped channel 173 is adapted to hold one or more glass panels. Preferably, a multiglazed window unit will be held in U-shaped channel 173. Glass panel 176 and glass panel 178 are adhered together by spacer 180 to form a double glassed insulated window unit 182. Bottom surface of U-shaped channel 173 opposes glass surface edge 186 of glass panel 176.
Similarly top surface 188 of U-shaped channel 173 oppose glass surface edge of glass panel 178. Bottom surface 184 and top surface 188 in combination with back surface 191 define U shaped channel 173. Finally, the skylight frame assembly of this embodiment optionally includes curb section 192 to facilitate placement of the skylight frame assembly on a roof. To enhance adhesion, glass panels 176, 178 should be cleaned and dried prior to molding of frame 170 around glass panels 176, 178. Moreover, the application of one or more coupling agents prior to molding is found to further enhance adhesion. More preferably, two or more coupling agents are applied to the glass surfaces prior to molding of the skylight frame. Silane coupling agents include vinylsilanes, acryloxy compounds, epoxysilanes, aminosilanes, and organosilane esters. Vinylsilane coupling agents include, for example, vinyltricolosilane, vinyl tris((3-methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyltriethoxysilane. An example of an acryloxy coupling agent is 3-metacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane. Examples of epoxysilane coupling agents include for example, /3-(3,4 epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxysilane, 'y-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, and'y-glycidoxypropyl-methylidiethoxysilane.
Examples of aminosilane coupling agents include for example, N-(3 (aminoethyl)-~y-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, N-(3(aminoethyl)-y-aminopropyl-methyldimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, N-phenyl-~y-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane. An example of an organosilane ester is methyl triethoxysilane. Other silane coupling agents are ~y-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane and y-chloropropyl-trimethoxysilane. Silane coupling agents are commercially available from Union Carbide Corporation and Mitsubishi International Corporation.
In another variation of this embodiment, adhesion of the glass surfaces to the RIM
formed frame is formed by treatment of the glass surfaces with one or more primers.
Suitable primers include Betaseal'~ 43518 Glass Primer and Betaseal'~ 43520A
Glass Primer commercially available from Dow Chemical Company. BetasealT"z 43518 Glass Primer is a proprietary composition which includes toluene, methyl alcohol, and an organosilane. Betaseal'~ 43520A Glass Primer is a proprietary composition which includes toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, carbon black, n-butyl acetate, potassium oxide, xylene, polyurethane, polyester, and an organosilane.
Typically, the glass is first treated with BetasealT"' 43518 Glass Primer and then BetasealTM
43520A. It is readily apparent that these primers and in particular the BetasealTM
43518 Glass Primer and BetasealTM 43520A contain a number of components that improve adhesion of the RIM molded frame to the glass panels.
Figures 11A and 11B provide cross-sectional views of skylight frames with an embedded insulating glass unit having a stepped frame section. With reference to Figure 11A, skylight frame section 200 includes stepped frame section 202. Stepped frame section 202 includes lower step suiface 204, upper step surface 206, upper channel surface 208. Moreover, skylight frame section 200 includes channel 210 which is defined by upper step surface 206, back surface 212, and upper channel surface 208. Lower step surface 204 opposes glass surface 214 of glass panel 216 and upper step surface 206 opposes glass surface 218 of glass panel 220. Similarly, upper channel surface 208 opposes glass surface 222 of glass panel 220. As set forth above, glass panel 216 and glass panel 220 are combined together in insulated glass unit 224 with a spacer 226. The skylight frame design of this embodiment is advantageously molded around glass panels 216, 220. The preferred method of molding this embodiment is RIM using polyurethane. Again, adhesion is enhanced by cleaning and drying glass plates 216, 220 prior to molding skylight frame 200 followed by application of one or more coupling agents. The preferred coupling agents are the same as those set forth above. Alternatively, one or more primers are used to enhance adhesion as set forth above. With reference to Figure 11A an embodiment where spacer 226 extends past the edge of glass panel 216 is provided. In this variation, lower step surface 204 opposes glass surface 214 of glass panel 216 and upper step surface 206 opposes a lower surface of spacer 226.
Again, upper channel surface 208 opposes glass surface 222 of glass panel 220.
With reference to Figures 12 and 13, a skylight curb unit adaptable to a skylight frame is illustrated. Figure 12 is a top perspective view and Figure 13 is a bottom perspective view of the skylight curb unit of this embodiment.
The skylight curb unit is preferably made of a plastic or rigid polymer by injection molding. Skylight curb unit 230 includes curb sides 232, 234, 236, 238 that define substantially rectangular or square opening 240. Curb sides 232, 234, 236, 238 include interior walls 242, 244, 246, 248 and exterior walls 250, 252, 254, 256.
Rigidity is provided to the curb unit by rib network that includes ribs 258 that connect to interior walls 242, 244, 246, 248 and exterior walls 250, 252, 254, 256.
The rib network in conjunction with interior walls 242, 244, 246, 248 and exterior walls 250, 252, 254, 256 defines slots 260, 262. Flexible apron 264 extends outwardly from curb sides 232, 234, 236, 238 to provide bottom surface 266 that is adapted to be placed on a rooftop. Top surface 268 of curb unit 230 is adapted to receive a skylight frame unit. Optionally, a gasket and/or a sealant is placed on top surface 268 for this purpose. Bottom surface 266 includes a plurality of bolt holes 270 to receive bolts used to attach the skylight curb unit to a roof.
These bolts are passed through slots 260, 262 for this purpose. Moreover, apron 264 may be flashed to a roof by methods known to those in the art of skylight installation. The curb unit of this embodiment is preferably made by injection molding with a thermoplastic resin. Suitable thermoplastic resins include, for example, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, or nylon.
With reference to Figures 14 and 15, a skylight frame unit adapted be attached to the curb unit of Figures 12 and 13 is described. Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the skylight frame unit with a bottom cap section inserted into the skylight curb unit of Figures 12 and 13. Figure 15 is a bottom view of the skylight frame unit of this embodiment. Skylight frame 300 includes stepped frame section 302 for receiving a window assembly. The details of stepped frame section 302 are the same as those set forth above for Figures 1 and 2. Stepped frame section includes lower step surface 304 and an upper step surface 306. In a variation, lower step surface 304 is adapted to receive glass surface 308 of glass panel 310 and upper step surface 306 is adapted to receive glass surface 312 of glass panel 314 (with or without a spacer interposed between glass surface 312 and upper step surface 306.) Skylight frame 300 also includes insert sections 316 and 318 which are adapted to slide into slots 260, 262 of the skylight curb unit described in Figures 12 and 13.
Skylight frame 300 is held in place by screw 320 which passes through wall 250 into insert section 316. Alternatively, a pin may be used instead of screw 320.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming the skylight frame described above in Figures 1-3 is provided. The method of this embodiment comprises extruding a plastic channel with a stepped frame section integral to the plastic channel having a lower step surface and upper step surface; cutting the plastic channel to form a first frame side, a second frame side, a third frame side, and a fourth frame side; and combining the first frame side, the second frame side, the third frame side, and the fourth frame side together to form the skylight frame. The details of the stepped frame section and curb section if present are the same as set forth above for Figures 1-4. Moreover, the plastic channel preferably comprises a plastic selected from the group consisting of polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, or nylon.
With reference to Figures 16A and 16B, a skylight frame assembly constructed from four sides is illustrated. Figure 16A is a bottom view of a skylight frame-curb assembly constructed from four sides, while Figure 16 B is a cross section through one of the sides when the skylight frame assembly includes a curb section. Skylight frame-curb assembly 270 is assembled from sides 272, 274, 276, 278 which have been cut from an extruded channel. Sides 272, 274, 276, 278 are mitered together as beveled joints 280, 282, 284, 286. Sides 272, 274, 276, include frame step section 290 and curb section 292. Frame step section 290 includes lower step surface 294 and upper step surface 296 which is similar to the frame step section of Figures 1-3. Moreover, sides 272, 274, 276, 278 include hollow cavity 298. Optionally, angular inserts 322 are placed within sides 272, 274, 276, 278 as the sides are joined together. These inserts provide rigidity and support to the skylight frame-curb assembly and may extend into hollow cavity 298 for any length desired. Beveled joints 280, 282, 284, 286 are welded together to form a leak tight seal. Suitable processes for this welding include, for example, conventional plastic welding with a heat source and a plastic welding rod, laser welding, and solvent bonding. Optionally, hollow cavity 298 is filled with foamed plastic 310 which is introduced into hollow cavity 298 through inlet holes 324. Vent holes 326 provide a venting path while the foamed plastic is added. The assembly of the skylight frame-curb assembly set forth in this embodiment may be applied the fabrication of the sky-light curb assembly of Figures 1-3. Similarly, the present embodiment may be applied to the fabrication of the skylight frame of Figure 4 except that the four sides do not have an integral curb section.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming the skylight frame-curb assembly described above in Figure 5 is provided.
The method of this embodiment comprises extruding a plastic U-shaped channel with a stepped frame section integral to the plastic channel having a lower step surface and upper step surface. The details of the stepped frame section'and the cross section of the U-shaped channel are the same as set forth above for Figure 5.
With reference to Figure 17, a bottom view of a skylight frame assembly with a U-shaped channel constructed from four sides is illustrated.
Skylight frame-curb assembly 330 is assembled from sides 332, 334, 336, 338 which have been cut from an extruded U-shaped channel. Sides 332, 334, 336, are mitered together as beveled joints 340, 342, 344, 346. Sides 332, 334, 336, 338 includes a stepped frame section and curb section (not shown) as set forth for Figure 5. Sides 332, 334, 336, 338 include U-shaped trough 350. Beveled joints 340, 342, 344, 346 are welded together to form a leak tight seal. Suitable processes for this welding include, for example, conventional plastic welding with a heat source and a plastic welding rod, laser welding, and solvent bonding. Optionally, U
shaped trough 350 is filled with foamed plastic 352.
While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (41)
1. A skylight frame adapted to receive a window assembly, the skylight frame comprising:
a stepped frame section having a lower step surface and an upper step surface, the lower step surface and the upper step surface complementary to the edge detail of the window assembly.
a stepped frame section having a lower step surface and an upper step surface, the lower step surface and the upper step surface complementary to the edge detail of the window assembly.
2. The skylight frame of claim 1 wherein the lower step surface is adapted to receive a first glass panel having a first length and a first width such that when the first glass panel is received by the lower step surface, a section of the first glass panel opposes the lower step surface and the upper step surface is adapted to receive a second glass panel with or without a spacer interposed between the second glass panel and the upper step surface, the second glass panel having a second length and a second width such that when the second glass panel is received by the second step surface a section of the second glass panel or the spacer opposes the upper step surface, wherein the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than the second width.
3. The skylight frame of claim 2 wherein the first glass panel and the second glass panel are laminated together.
4. The skylight frame of claim 2 wherein the first glass panel and the second glass panel are part of an insulated glass unit wherein the first glass panel and the second glass panel are separated by an edge spacer which together with the first glass panel and the second glass panel defines a sealed central cavity between the first glass panel and the second glass panel.
5. The skylight frame of claim 4 wherein the sealed central cavity is at least partially filled with argon or krypton.
6. The skylight frame of claim 2 wherein one or more surfaces of the first glass panel or the second glass panel comprise a thin film upon the one or more surfaces.
7. The skylight frame of claim 1 wherein the skylight frame comprises wood, metal, or plastic.
8. The skylight frame of claim 1 wherein the skylight frame comprises one or more internal surfaces that define a hollow cavity.
9. The skylight frame of claim 8 further comprising a foamed material within the hollow cavity.
10. The skylight frame of claim 9 wherein the foamed material is a foamed plastic.
11. The skylight frame of claim 1 wherein the skylight frame is formed by injection molding, vacuum molding, or injection molding.
12. The skylight frame of claim 1 wherein the skylight frame comprises a plastic selected from the group consisting of polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, or nylon.
13. The skylight frame of claim 1 further comprising an integral curb section adapted to be placed on a rooftop.
14. The skylight frame of claim 1 further comprising a frame mating surface adapted to be placed on a curb unit.
15. A skylight frame-assembly unit comprising:
1) a skylight frame having a stepped frame section that includes a lower step surface and an upper step surface, the lower step surface adapted to receive a first glass panel having a first length and a first width such that when the first glass panel is received by the lower step surface, a section of the first glass panel opposes the lower step surface and the upper step surface adapted to receive a second glass panel with or without a spacer interposed between the second glass panel and the upper step surface, the second glass panel having a second length and a second width such that when the second glass panel is received by the second step surface a section of the second glass panel opposes the upper step surface, wherein the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than the second width, and a frame mating surface; and 2) a curb unit having a curb mating surface, wherein the frame mating surface opposes the curb mating surface.
1) a skylight frame having a stepped frame section that includes a lower step surface and an upper step surface, the lower step surface adapted to receive a first glass panel having a first length and a first width such that when the first glass panel is received by the lower step surface, a section of the first glass panel opposes the lower step surface and the upper step surface adapted to receive a second glass panel with or without a spacer interposed between the second glass panel and the upper step surface, the second glass panel having a second length and a second width such that when the second glass panel is received by the second step surface a section of the second glass panel opposes the upper step surface, wherein the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than the second width, and a frame mating surface; and 2) a curb unit having a curb mating surface, wherein the frame mating surface opposes the curb mating surface.
16. The skylight frame assembly of claim 15 further comprising a gasket between the frame mating surface and the curb mating surface.
17. The skylight frame assembly of claim 15 wherein a side of the skylight frame is attached to a side of the curb unit with one or more hinges such that the skylight frame may be opened while attached to the curb unit.
18. A skylight frame-curb assembly adapted to receive at least two panels of glass, the skylight frame comprising:
a stepped frame section having a lower step surface and an upper step surface the lower step surface adapted to receive a first glass panel having a first length and a first width such that when the first glass panel is received by the lower step surface, a section of the first glass panel opposes the lower step surface and the upper step surface adapted to receive a second glass panel having a second length and a second width such that when the second glass panel is received by the second step surface a section of the second glass panel opposes the upper step surface, wherein the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than the second width;
a first interior surface;
a second interior surface;
a third interior surface, wherein the first interior surface, the second interior surface, and the third interior surface define a channel; and a curb section that includes a substantially flat surface adapted to rest on a rooftop.
a stepped frame section having a lower step surface and an upper step surface the lower step surface adapted to receive a first glass panel having a first length and a first width such that when the first glass panel is received by the lower step surface, a section of the first glass panel opposes the lower step surface and the upper step surface adapted to receive a second glass panel having a second length and a second width such that when the second glass panel is received by the second step surface a section of the second glass panel opposes the upper step surface, wherein the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than the second width;
a first interior surface;
a second interior surface;
a third interior surface, wherein the first interior surface, the second interior surface, and the third interior surface define a channel; and a curb section that includes a substantially flat surface adapted to rest on a rooftop.
19. The skylight frame-curb assembly of claim 18 further comprising a foamed material within the channel.
20. The skylight frame of claim 19 wherein the foamed material is a foamed plastic.
21. The skylight frame-curb assembly of claim 18 wherein the first glass panel and the second glass panel are part of an insulated glass unit wherein the first glass panel and the second glass panel are separated by an edge spacer which together with the first glass panel and the second glass panel defines a sealed central cavity between the first glass panel and the second glass panel.
22. The skylight frame of claim 21 wherein the stepped frame section corresponds to edge detail and thickness of the insulated glass unit.
23. The skylight frame of claim 18 wherein the skylight frame is formed by injection molding, vacuum molding, or injection molding.
24. The skylight frame of claim 18 wherein the skylight frame comprises a plastic selected from the group consisting of polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon.
25. A skylight frame-curb assembly comprising:
an insulated glass unit having a bottom glass surface and a top glass surface;
a frame section comprising a lower surface, an upper surface and a side surface, wherein the lower surface, the upper surface, and the side surface define a U-shaped channel such that the lower surface opposes a peripheral portion of the bottom glass surface and the top surface opposes a peripheral portion of the top glass surface; and~
a curb section that comprises a substantially flat surface adapted to rest on a roof surface.
an insulated glass unit having a bottom glass surface and a top glass surface;
a frame section comprising a lower surface, an upper surface and a side surface, wherein the lower surface, the upper surface, and the side surface define a U-shaped channel such that the lower surface opposes a peripheral portion of the bottom glass surface and the top surface opposes a peripheral portion of the top glass surface; and~
a curb section that comprises a substantially flat surface adapted to rest on a roof surface.
26. The skylight frame assembly of claim 25 wherein the frame section and the curb section are integral and formed by reaction injection molding such that during the reaction injection molding the U-shaped channel surrounding the bottom glass surface and the upper glass surface is formed and wherein the top glass surface and the bottom glass surface are treated with at least one coupling agent prior to the reaction injection molding.
27. The skylight frame assembly of claim 25 wherein the top glass surface and the bottom glass surface are treated with two or more coupling agents prior to the reaction injection molding.
28. The sky-light frame assembly of claim 27 wherein the two or more coupling agents are selected from the group consisting of vinylsilane coupling agents, acryloxy coupling agents, epoxysilane coupling agents, aminosilane coupling agents, organosilane esters, and mixtures thereof.
29. The sky-light frame assembly of claim 27 wherein the two or more coupling agents is selected from the group consisting of vinylsilanes, vinyltricolosilane, vinyl tris(.beta.-methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-metacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, .beta.-(3,4 epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxysilane, .gamma.-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, .gamma.-glycidoxypropyl-methylidiethoxysilane, N-.beta. (aminoethyl)-.gamma.-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, N-.beta.(aminoethyl)-.gamma.-aminopropyl-methyldimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, N-phenyl-.gamma.-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, methyl triethoxysilane, y-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane, .gamma.-chloropropyl-trimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.
30. A method of forming a skylight frame, the method comprising:
extruding a plastic channel with a stepped frame section integral to the plastic channel having a lower step surface and an upper step surface;
cutting the plastic channel to form a first frame side, a second frame side, a third frame side, and a fourth frame side; and combining the first frame side, the second frame side, the third frame side, and the fourth frame side together to form the skylight frame.
extruding a plastic channel with a stepped frame section integral to the plastic channel having a lower step surface and an upper step surface;
cutting the plastic channel to form a first frame side, a second frame side, a third frame side, and a fourth frame side; and combining the first frame side, the second frame side, the third frame side, and the fourth frame side together to form the skylight frame.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein the lower step surface is adapted to receive a first glass panel having a first length and a first width such that when the first glass panel is received by the lower step surface, a section of the first glass panel opposes the lower step surface and the upper step surface is adapted to receive a second glass panel having a second length and a second width such that when the second glass panel is received by the second step surface a section of the second glass panel opposes the upper step surface, wherein the first length is less than the second length and the first width is less than the second width.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the first glass panel and the second glass panel are laminated together.
33. The method of claim 31 wherein the first glass panel and the second glass panel are part of an insulated glass unit wherein the first glass panel and the second glass panel are separated by an edge spacer which together with the first glass panel and the second glass panel defines a sealed central cavity between the first glass panel and the second glass panel.
34. The method of claim 30 wherein the plastic channel comprises a plastic selected from the group consisting of polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon.
35. The method of claim 30 wherein the plastic channel comprises one or more internal surfaces that define a hollow cavity.
36. The method of claim 35 further comprising introducing a foamed material into the hollow cavity.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein the foamed material is a foamed plastic.
38. The method of claim 30 wherein the plastic rods have an integral curb section that is adapted to be placed on a rooftop after the first frame side, the second frame side, the third frame side, and the fourth frame side are combined together to form the skylight frame.
39. A skylight curb unit comprising:
a first curb side;
a second curb side;
a third curb side;
and a fourth curb side, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth curb sides are combined together to define a substantially rectangular or square opening;
an apron extending from the first, second, third, and fourth curb having a surface adapted to oppose and be sealed to a roof, wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth curb sides include an inner wall and an outer wall connected together by one or more ribs.
a first curb side;
a second curb side;
a third curb side;
and a fourth curb side, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth curb sides are combined together to define a substantially rectangular or square opening;
an apron extending from the first, second, third, and fourth curb having a surface adapted to oppose and be sealed to a roof, wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth curb sides include an inner wall and an outer wall connected together by one or more ribs.
40. The skylight curb unit of claim 39 wherein the skylight curb unit is made by injection molding with a thermoplastic resin.
41. The skylight curb unit of claim 41 wherein the thermoplastic resin is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon.~
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/639,410 US7296388B2 (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2003-08-12 | Skylight having a molded plastic frame |
US10/639,410 | 2003-08-12 | ||
PCT/US2004/026010 WO2005019561A2 (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-11 | Skylight having a molded plastic frame |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA2535590A1 true CA2535590A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
CA2535590C CA2535590C (en) | 2014-10-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CA2535590A Active CA2535590C (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-11 | Skylight having a molded plastic frame |
Country Status (4)
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US (7) | US7296388B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1664455B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2535590C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005019561A2 (en) |
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-
2010
- 2010-07-12 US US12/834,277 patent/US8291674B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2011
- 2011-08-31 US US13/222,265 patent/US8225560B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2012
- 2012-07-12 US US13/547,642 patent/US8393120B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2012-10-11 US US13/649,500 patent/US20130118100A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20050178078A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
WO2005019561A2 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
EP1664455B1 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
US20100275537A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
WO2005019561A3 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
US8028478B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
US20080040993A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
CA2535590C (en) | 2014-10-21 |
EP1664455A4 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
US8225560B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
US20110309545A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
US8393120B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 |
US20130009340A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
EP1664455A2 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
US20130118100A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
US7762028B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
US7296388B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 |
US20050055901A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
US8291674B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 |
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